136:
157:
2173:
2142:
113:
1419:
1079:
with any fusion of the petals (sympetaly) occurring late in the process of development. The major part of lamiid diversity occurs in the group of five orders from
Boraginales to Solanales, referred to informally as "core lamiids" (sometimes called Laminae), although Vahliales consists of the single
1094:
to the core lamiids. It has been suggested that the core lamiids radiated from an ancestral line of tropical trees in which the flowers were inconspicuous and the fruit large,
2240:
1461:
1275:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II".
1509:
1071:
The lamiid subclade consists of about 40,000 species and account for about 15% of angiosperm diversity, characterized in general by superior
566:. The remaining orders cluster into two clades, the lamiids and the campanulids. The structure of both of these clades has changed in
397:, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species. Well-known plants in this clade include the
1454:
2278:
1112:
1488:
1514:
1504:
1307:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
1241:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
2176:
1447:
1379:
2245:
156:
1499:
1429:
1107:
2273:
2193:
1375:"Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set"
1423:
135:
1189:"Molecular Phylogenetic Dating of Asterid Flowering Plants Shows Early Cretaceous Diversification"
2160:
1494:
1218:
1169:
498:
151:
121:
540:
but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of the
2268:
2154:
1969:
1398:
1210:
1161:
1153:
426:
2166:
1751:
1580:
1550:
1388:
1328:
1318:
1284:
1252:
1200:
1145:
1076:
529:
430:
1288:
536:
in earlier systems. The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier
2054:
1912:
1562:
1525:
1471:
398:
394:
378:
194:
2231:
2077:
2034:
1979:
1651:
1575:
1366:
1072:
788:
537:
354:
181:
1439:
2262:
1956:
1917:
1849:
1767:
1627:
1475:
1374:
1370:
1323:
1306:
1173:
1133:
880:
707:
593:
The phylogenetic tree presented hereinafter has been proposed by the APG IV project.
442:
374:
334:
287:
233:
220:
70:
1222:
2024:
1879:
1859:
1809:
1741:
1709:
1704:
1657:
1091:
670:
450:
422:
390:
329:
2225:
2092:
2087:
2016:
1932:
1854:
1796:
1785:
1686:
1675:
1645:
1617:
1544:
939:
924:
657:
486:
474:
324:
307:
297:
45:
1149:
2141:
2072:
2049:
1974:
1927:
1922:
1902:
1864:
1780:
1663:
1602:
1594:
1205:
1188:
1095:
858:
773:
647:
533:
518:
406:
359:
282:
272:
90:
55:
2216:
1157:
1134:"Icacinaceae fossil provides evidence for a Cretaceous origin of the lamiids"
2102:
2082:
2039:
2029:
1746:
1607:
1538:
1433:
1087:
1086:. The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in which
984:
954:
902:
729:
692:
525:
502:
458:
344:
339:
312:
302:
292:
95:
1402:
1214:
1165:
112:
1418:
2210:
2097:
2006:
2001:
1937:
1907:
1831:
1728:
1694:
1669:
1612:
969:
635:
612:
563:
559:
514:
494:
478:
438:
414:
402:
317:
267:
262:
207:
126:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1393:
2064:
2044:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1756:
1333:
845:
751:
567:
470:
462:
446:
434:
349:
277:
143:
100:
75:
17:
1257:
1240:
2107:
1841:
1819:
1699:
1639:
1082:
555:
506:
490:
454:
418:
410:
2187:
562:. A second order that split from the base of the asterids are the
510:
466:
386:
253:
168:
524:
Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to as
1187:
Bremer, Kåre; Friis, elsemarie; Bremer, birgitta (1 June 2004).
542:
482:
2191:
1443:
573:
In the APG III system, the following clades were renamed:
558:
maintains that the sister to all other asterids are the
2200:
2063:
2015:
1988:
1954:
1893:
1840:
1818:
1794:
1765:
1726:
1685:
1626:
1593:
1560:
1523:
1455:
1365:Stull, Gregory W.; Duno de Stefano, Rodrigo;
8:
1347:
2188:
1994:
1962:
1824:
1802:
1773:
1734:
1632:
1590:
1568:
1531:
1462:
1448:
1440:
134:
111:
31:
1392:
1332:
1322:
1256:
1204:
393:group). Asterids is the largest group of
1311:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1300:
1298:
1277:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1245:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1270:
1268:
1234:
1232:
1132:Atkinson, Brian A. (14 November 2022).
1124:
1289:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
7:
1305:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
1239:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
917:
895:
873:
851:
766:
744:
722:
685:
663:
653:
627:
604:
596:
554:Genetic analysis carried out after
1432:in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards).
25:
377:(2016) for the classification of
2172:
2171:
2140:
1417:
1324:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
155:
517:, and rainforest trees such as
1113:List of basal asterid families
1:
1434:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
27:Clade of eudicot angiosperms
583:euasterids II → campanulids
2295:
1380:American Journal of Botany
1150:10.1038/s41477-022-01275-y
2149:
2138:
1997:
1965:
1827:
1805:
1776:
1737:
1635:
1589:
1571:
1534:
1483:
1206:10.1080/10635150490445913
1098:and often single-seeded.
982:
967:
952:
937:
922:
915:
900:
893:
878:
871:
856:
849:
786:
771:
764:
749:
742:
727:
720:
705:
690:
683:
668:
661:
651:
632:
625:
609:
602:
259:
252:
152:Scientific classification
150:
142:
133:
119:
110:
34:
1108:List of lamiid families
1436:. Version 7, May 2006.
578:euasterids I → lamiids
505:, table herbs such as
41:Late Cretaceous–recent
2279:Plant unranked clades
1426:at Wikimedia Commons
1394:10.3732/ajb.1500298
1367:Soltis, Douglas E.
1193:Systematic Biology
122:Impatiens capensis
2256:
2255:
2194:Taxon identifiers
2185:
2184:
2155:Basal angiosperms
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
1970:Berberidopsidales
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1422:Media related to
1387:(11): 1794–1813.
1373:(November 2015).
1371:Soltis, Pamela S.
1258:10.1111/boj.12385
1144:(12): 1374–1377.
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
808:
807:
799:
798:
371:
370:
16:(Redirected from
2286:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2144:
1995:
1963:
1825:
1803:
1774:
1735:
1633:
1591:
1569:
1551:Austrobaileyales
1532:
1510:Acrogymnospermae
1472:flowering plants
1464:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1421:
1406:
1396:
1351:
1348:Stull et al 2015
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1326:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1129:
918:
896:
874:
852:
767:
745:
723:
686:
664:
654:
628:
605:
597:
530:Cronquist system
431:common sunflower
395:flowering plants
379:flowering plants
160:
159:
138:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2145:
2112:
2059:
2011:
1984:
1959:
1942:
1913:Crossosomatales
1889:
1836:
1814:
1799:
1790:
1770:
1761:
1752:Trochodendrales
1731:
1714:
1681:
1622:
1585:
1581:Ceratophyllales
1565:
1556:
1528:
1519:
1500:Marchantiophyta
1479:
1468:
1414:
1409:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1104:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
600:Asterids
591:
552:
154:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2222:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2055:Paracryphiales
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1980:Caryophyllales
1977:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1563:Mesangiosperms
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Polypodiophyta
1502:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1413:
1412:External links
1410:
1408:
1407:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1317:(2): 105–121.
1294:
1283:(4): 399–436.
1264:
1228:
1199:(3): 496–505.
1179:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1068:
1065:
1063:
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792:
789:Paracryphiales
785:
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765:
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608:
603:
601:
595:
590:
587:
586:
585:
580:
551:
548:
538:botanical name
532:(1981) and as
403:forget-me-nots
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
364:
363:
362:
357:
355:Paracryphiales
352:
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342:
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290:
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270:
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210:
205:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
146:from Lamiales
140:
139:
131:
130:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2291:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:Superasterids
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2178:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Metteniusales
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Escalloniales
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:Superasterids
1953:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Zygophyllales
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:Core eudicots
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:Petrosaviales
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Chloranthales
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
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1138:Nature Plants
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881:Metteniusales
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708:Escalloniales
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443:morning glory
440:
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424:
423:chili peppers
420:
416:
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408:
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396:
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388:
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375:APG IV system
361:
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335:Escalloniales
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288:Metteniusales
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234:Superasterids
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221:Core eudicots
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182:Tracheophytes
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62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
2201:
2025:Aquifoliales
1989:
1918:Picramniales
1880:Cucurbitales
1860:Malpighiales
1810:Saxifragales
1742:Ranunculales
1710:Zingiberales
1705:Commelinales
1658:Dioscoreales
1539:Amborellales
1515:Angiospermae
1384:
1378:
1358:Bibliography
1343:
1314:
1310:
1280:
1276:
1248:
1244:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1092:sister group
1081:
1080:small genus
1070:
983:
968:
953:
938:
923:
901:
879:
857:
787:
772:
750:
728:
706:
691:
671:Aquifoliales
669:
633:
610:
592:
582:
577:
572:
553:
541:
523:
451:sweet potato
399:common daisy
391:monophyletic
382:
372:
330:Aquifoliales
246:
240:
227:
214:
201:
188:
175:
120:
29:
2226:Wikispecies
2093:Gentianales
2088:Boraginales
2017:Campanulids
1933:Brassicales
1855:Celastrales
1797:Superrosids
1786:Dilleniales
1687:Commelinids
1676:Asparagales
1646:Alismatales
1618:Magnoliales
1545:Nymphaeales
1526:Angiosperms
1487:Supergroup
1334:10654/18083
1251:(1): 1–20.
1062:Subdivision
940:Gentianales
925:Boraginales
658:Campanulids
503:blueberries
499:garden sage
475:honeysuckle
409:(including
407:nightshades
381:, the name
325:Campanulids
308:Boraginales
298:Gentianales
195:Angiosperms
2263:Categories
2161:Alismatids
2073:Icacinales
2050:Dipsacales
1975:Santalales
1928:Huerteales
1923:Sapindales
1903:Geraniales
1865:Oxalidales
1781:Gunnerales
1664:Pandanales
1603:Canellales
1595:Magnoliids
1470:Orders of
1119:References
1096:drupaceous
859:Icacinales
774:Dipsacales
648:Euasterids
534:Sympetalae
519:Brazil nut
487:snapdragon
385:denotes a
360:Dipsacales
283:Icacinales
273:Euasterids
2108:Vahliales
2103:Solanales
2083:Garryales
2040:Bruniales
2030:Asterales
1747:Proteales
1608:Piperales
1495:Bryophyta
1174:253521093
1158:2055-0278
1088:Garryales
985:Solanales
955:Vahliales
903:Garryales
730:Bruniales
693:Asterales
589:Phylogeny
526:Asteridae
415:eggplants
345:Bruniales
340:Asterales
313:Vahliales
303:Solanales
293:Garryales
165:Kingdom:
2269:Asterids
2232:Asterids
2211:Wikidata
2202:Asterids
2177:Category
2167:Lilioids
2098:Lamiales
2007:Ericales
2002:Cornales
1990:Asterids
1938:Malvales
1908:Myrtales
1729:Eudicots
1695:Arecales
1670:Liliales
1640:Acorales
1628:Monocots
1613:Laurales
1430:Asterids
1424:Asterids
1403:26507112
1223:41752744
1215:15503676
1166:36376504
1102:See also
1077:corollas
970:Lamiales
636:Ericales
613:Cornales
564:Ericales
560:Cornales
515:rosemary
495:psyllium
479:ash tree
459:lavender
435:petunias
419:tomatoes
411:potatoes
383:asterids
318:Lamiales
268:Ericales
263:Cornales
247:Asterids
208:Eudicots
127:Ericales
35:Asterids
2217:Q747502
2065:Lamiids
2045:Apiales
1895:Malvids
1885:Fagales
1875:Rosales
1870:Fabales
1832:Vitales
1757:Buxales
1090:is the
1073:ovaries
1067:Lamiids
846:Lamiids
752:Apiales
568:APG III
550:History
528:in the
471:jasmine
447:lettuce
429:), the
427:tobacco
373:In the
350:Apiales
278:Lamiids
169:Plantae
144:Oregano
18:Asterid
1842:Fabids
1820:Rosids
1700:Poales
1476:APG IV
1401:
1221:
1213:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1083:Vahlia
634:
611:
556:APG II
513:, and
491:sesame
455:coffee
254:Clades
2246:71274
1489:Plant
1219:S2CID
1170:S2CID
511:basil
467:olive
463:lilac
439:yacon
387:clade
241:Clade
228:Clade
215:Clade
202:Clade
189:Clade
176:Clade
2241:NCBI
1399:PMID
1211:PMID
1162:PMID
1154:ISSN
1075:and
543:ICBN
507:mint
483:teak
425:and
46:PreꞒ
1389:doi
1385:102
1329:hdl
1319:doi
1315:161
1285:doi
1281:141
1253:doi
1249:181
1201:doi
1146:doi
389:(a
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1377:.
1369:;
1327:.
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1267:^
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1231:^
1217:.
1209:.
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1195:.
1191:.
1168:.
1160:.
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1140:.
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570:.
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521:.
509:,
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497:,
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489:,
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461:,
457:,
453:,
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445:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
421:,
417:,
413:,
405:,
401:,
243::
230::
217::
204::
191::
178::
129:)
96:Pg
2165:³
2159:²
2153:¹
1678:³
1672:³
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