53:
31:
2093:
2062:
1059:
Luebert, Federico; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Frohlich, Michael W.; Gottschling, Marc; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S.; Mittelbach, Moritz; Nazaire, Mare; Nepi, Massimo; Nocentini, Daniele; Ober, Dietrich; Olmstead, Richard G.; Selvi, Federico; Simpson,
308:
has been treated either as a large family with several subfamilies, or as a smaller family with several closely related families. The family had been included in a number of higher order taxa, but in 1926
978:
Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except
Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae
859:
James I. Cohen. 2014. "A phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of
Boraginaceae: evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and patterns of character evolution".
1221:
Gottschling, M., H. H. Hilger 1, M. Wolf 2, N. Diane. 2001. Secondary
Structure of the ITS1 Transcript and its Application in a Reconstruction of the Phylogeny of Boraginales.
481:
Following the publication of APG IV, a collaborative group along similar lines to the APG, the
Boraginales Working Group, has published an alternative taxonomy based on the
2238:
1229:
2264:
1381:
938:
Lena Struwe, Valerie L. Soza, Sugumaran
Manickam, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2014. "Gelsemiaceae (Gentianales) expanded to include the enigmatic Asian genus
1172:
2212:
1429:
1005:
2251:
915:
Marc
Gottschling, Federico Luebert, Hartmut H. Hilger, and James S. Miller. 2014. "Molecular delimitations in the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)".
986:
1342:
1113:
Weigend, Maximilian; Luebert, Federico; Gottschling, Marc; Couvreur, Thomas L.P.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S. (October 2014).
246:
clade, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Different taxonomic treatments either include only a single family, the
2362:
1211:
1374:
2336:
2256:
1408:
1028:
Ferguson, Diane M. (July 1998). "Phylogenetic
Analysis and Relationships in Hydrophyllaceae Based on ndhF Sequence Data".
1226:
1434:
1424:
1151:
895:
337:
2160:
568:
52:
2269:
1001:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
2395:
2341:
2096:
1367:
1330:
1273:
996:
448:
310:
272:
1336:
1303:
The
Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system
899:
1419:
1247:
1180:
286:
593:
that is nested within
Ehretiaceae. Some studies have indicated that Hydrophyllaceae is paraphyletic if the
2113:
610:
542:
1324:
1278:
Genera
Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
398:
1203:, and allied taxa of the Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on ITS1 sequences and morphological data.
2305:
301:
refers to the prior authority of Jussieu. Lindley (1853) changed the name to the modern Boraginaceae.
2367:
2279:
2186:
1119:
1060:
Michael G.; Sutorý, Karel; Valdés, Benito; Walden, Genevieve K.; Weigend, Maximilian (24 June 2016).
656:
512:
148:
1297:
1251:
294:
290:
1318:
1301:
2349:
2080:
1414:
1138:
1047:
445:
47:
2390:
2287:
2173:
2074:
1889:
1281:
1255:
1030:
982:
815:
633:
was thought to belong in Hydrophyllaceae for more than a century after it was placed there by
219:
204:
2292:
2151:
425:; its precise relationship to other families in the Euasterid I group remained unclear. In a
2243:
2086:
1671:
1500:
1470:
1128:
1083:
1075:
1039:
1014:
972:
950:
923:
867:
807:
597:
515:
462:. At the time of the APG IV consensus there was insufficient support to further divide this
458:
Boraginales is an order with only one family Boraginaceae, which includes the former family
349:
341:
1974:
1832:
1482:
1445:
1391:
1233:
1215:
1066:
594:
538:
504:
390:
373:
361:
333:
239:
209:
199:
90:
1348:
1997:
1954:
1899:
1571:
1495:
561:
422:
329:
317:
224:
77:
39:
1359:
1208:
30:
2384:
1876:
1837:
1769:
1687:
1547:
1395:
1061:
625:
of Cordiaceae and it has been recommended that the latter be expanded to include it.
523:
491:
455:
321:
1142:
489:. This classification split the order into eleven families, including: Boraginaceae
2354:
2178:
1944:
1799:
1779:
1729:
1661:
1629:
1624:
1577:
1293:
798:
Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2014). "Phylogeny of Lamiidae".
667:
622:
571:
482:
463:
441:
433:
426:
402:
305:
247:
184:
169:
2165:
1259:
976:
600:
is included within it, but further studies will be needed to resolve this issue.
2225:
2145:
2012:
1936:
1852:
1774:
1716:
1705:
1606:
1595:
1565:
1537:
1464:
927:
651:
605:
508:
500:
357:
194:
2136:
2061:
1992:
1969:
1894:
1847:
1842:
1822:
1784:
1700:
1583:
1522:
1514:
643:
586:
557:
529:
496:
459:
394:
385:
365:
353:
345:
282:
214:
189:
179:
2328:
1155:
468:
For a complete discussion of the history of the taxonomy of Boraginales, see
2318:
2199:
2022:
2002:
1959:
1949:
1666:
1527:
1458:
660:
638:
614:
410:
377:
325:
1285:
819:
1354:
659:, and was usually placed in Boraginales, but with considerable doubt. The
2313:
2130:
2017:
1926:
1921:
1909:
1857:
1827:
1751:
1648:
1614:
1589:
1532:
663:
634:
629:
581:
545:
429:
369:
129:
116:
103:
1195:
Diane, N., H. Förther, and H. H. Hilger. 2002. A systematic analysis of
1115:"From capsules to nutlets-phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales"
1088:
811:
250:, or divide it into up to eleven families. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and
2217:
1984:
1964:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1676:
1062:"Boraginales Working Group: Familial classification of the Boraginales"
1051:
406:
243:
2230:
1133:
1114:
1019:
1000:
954:
871:
2027:
1761:
1739:
1619:
1559:
1097:
575:
519:
414:
277:
251:
173:
2107:
1043:
1079:
267:
The classification of plants now known as Boraginales dates to the
2300:
2204:
590:
418:
144:
64:
2191:
1306:(3rd. ed.). London: Bradbury & Evans. pp. 655–656.
1176:
437:
2111:
1363:
383:
The APG system took a broad view of Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae
313:
erected a new order, Boraginales, to include the Boraginaceae.
609:
in Boraginales was occasionally doubted until it was strongly
16:
Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots
389:), including within it the traditionally recognized families
304:
Jussieu divided the Boragineae into five groups. Since then
774:
772:
316:
Although Boraginales was included in a number of taxonomic
401:
that show that Boraginaceae, as traditionally defined, is
843:
841:
275:
named a group of plants Boragineae, to include the genus
297:
is given as Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, where the
971:
Kadereit, Joachim W.; Bittrich, Volker, eds. (2016).
894:
Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Boraginaceae" At:
444:
to Lamiales sensu APG, but that result had only 65%
285:. However, since the first valid description was by
2120:
1983:
1935:
1908:
1874:
1813:
1760:
1738:
1714:
1685:
1646:
1605:
1546:
1513:
1480:
1443:
670:, and that family has been expanded to include it.
548:showed that it is closer to Boraginaceae, and both
1268:]. Prague: Krala Wiljma Endersa. p. 244.
747:
745:
684:
682:
763:
336:, it was not recognized in either of two major
700:
507:, and Hydrophyllaceae. A number of these were
1375:
1150:Hilger, Hartmut H; Cole, Theodor H C (2018).
778:
637:, but it is now known to belong in the order
8:
793:
791:
789:
787:
736:
1154:. Boraginales Working Group. Archived from
973:"Conspectus of the families of Boraginales"
556:have been allocated to their own families,
2108:
1914:
1882:
1744:
1722:
1693:
1654:
1552:
1510:
1488:
1451:
1382:
1368:
1360:
847:
537:was long regarded as an unusual member of
29:
20:
1132:
1087:
1018:
1006:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
944:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
882:
724:
712:
678:
589:, but it is now known that they form a
254:(vines) have a worldwide distribution.
167:
485:relationships within the Boraginaceae
917:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2342:742ce591-c1f4-4d3d-9574-7b3bca2fd2f7
2306:1372C337-C7AC-ED1B-A2C8-329BE7EAD997
2280:d8d0d470-4857-4fba-8c88-72f4acd59c3a
832:
751:
688:
469:
666:strongly supports it as sister to
14:
1173:"The family Boraginaceae Jussieu"
2092:
2091:
2060:
1171:d'Aillon, Francois Gros (2016).
585:were once regarded as a family,
51:
1152:"Boraginales Phylogeny Poster"
440:, Boraginales was resolved as
421:but this family was otherwise
1:
1207:89: 287-295 (online abstract
409:included Boraginaceae in the
1225:3: 629-636 (abstract online
896:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
764:Kadereit & Bittrich 2016
1280:. Paris. pp. 128–132.
1274:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de
1098:"Boraginales Working Group"
928:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.12.005
603:The inclusion of the genus
242:of flowering plants in the
2412:
1205:American Journal of Botany
800:American Journal of Botany
701:Berchtold & Presl 1820
511:. Boraginaceae is hard to
352:, Boraginaceae (including
273:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
2069:
2058:
1917:
1885:
1747:
1725:
1696:
1657:
1555:
1509:
1491:
1454:
1403:
1355:Missouri Botanical Garden
1223:Plant Biology (Stuttgart)
900:Missouri Botanical Garden
477:Boraginales Working Group
405:over these two families.
368:were placed in the order
160:
155:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1248:Berchtold, Friedrich von
655:was long regarded as an
1276:(1789). "Borragineae".
1266:On the Nature of Plants
287:Friedrich von Berchtold
1261:O Přirozenosti Rostlin
848:Hilger & Cole 2018
543:molecular phylogenetic
399:molecular phylogenies
149:Bercht. & J.Presl
1252:Presl, Jan Svatopluk
372:, while the related
812:10.3732/ajb.1300394
518:if it includes the
295:botanical authority
291:Jan Svatopluk Presl
1241:Historical sources
1232:2007-09-30 at the
1214:2010-06-26 at the
779:Weigend et al 2014
446:maximum likelihood
2396:Angiosperm orders
2378:
2377:
2288:Open Tree of Life
2114:Taxon identifiers
2105:
2104:
2075:Basal angiosperms
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
1890:Berberidopsidales
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1183:on 3 January 2020
1134:10.1111/cla.12061
1031:Systematic Botany
1020:10.1111/boj.12385
988:978-3-319-28534-4
955:10.1111/boj.12182
872:10.1111/cla.12036
541:, but in 1998, a
449:bootstrap support
233:
232:
205:Hoplestigmataceae
151:
2403:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2109:
2095:
2094:
2064:
1915:
1883:
1745:
1723:
1694:
1655:
1553:
1511:
1489:
1471:Austrobaileyales
1452:
1430:Acrogymnospermae
1392:flowering plants
1384:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1319:Distribution Map
1307:
1289:
1269:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1179:. Archived from
1167:
1165:
1163:
1146:
1136:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1093:
1091:
1055:
1024:
1022:
992:
981:. pp. 4–7.
958:
936:
930:
913:
907:
892:
886:
880:
874:
857:
851:
845:
836:
830:
824:
823:
795:
782:
776:
767:
761:
755:
749:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
623:closest relative
466:group further. (
397:based on recent
350:Cronquist system
342:Cronquist system
269:Genera plantarum
143:
56:
55:
33:
21:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2065:
2032:
1979:
1931:
1904:
1879:
1862:
1833:Crossosomatales
1809:
1756:
1734:
1719:
1710:
1690:
1681:
1672:Trochodendrales
1651:
1634:
1601:
1542:
1505:
1501:Ceratophyllales
1485:
1476:
1448:
1439:
1420:Marchantiophyta
1399:
1388:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1292:
1272:
1246:
1243:
1234:Wayback Machine
1216:Wayback Machine
1186:
1184:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1158:on 11 June 2020
1149:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1058:
1044:10.2307/2419504
1027:
995:
989:
970:
966:
961:
937:
933:
914:
910:
893:
889:
881:
877:
858:
854:
846:
839:
831:
827:
797:
796:
785:
777:
770:
762:
758:
750:
743:
735:
731:
723:
719:
711:
707:
699:
695:
687:
680:
676:
617:study in 2014.
569:achlorophyllous
539:Hydrophyllaceae
516:morphologically
505:Heliotropiaceae
479:
391:Hydrophyllaceae
374:Hydrophyllaceae
362:Heliotropiaceae
318:classifications
265:
260:
229:
210:Hydrophyllaceae
200:Heliotropiaceae
166:
165:
142:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2359:
2355:wfo-9000000067
2346:
2333:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2142:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1975:Paracryphiales
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1900:Caryophyllales
1897:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1483:Mesangiosperms
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:Polypodiophyta
1422:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1314:
1313:External links
1311:
1309:
1308:
1298:"Boraginaceae"
1290:
1270:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1193:
1168:
1147:
1127:(5): 508–518.
1110:
1094:
1080:10.12705/653.5
1074:(3): 502–522.
1056:
1038:(3): 253–268.
1025:
993:
987:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:
931:
908:
904:External links
902:Website. (see
887:
875:
852:
837:
825:
806:(2): 287–299.
783:
768:
756:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
677:
675:
672:
562:Wellstediaceae
492:s.s. or s.str.
478:
475:
376:was placed in
264:
261:
259:
256:
231:
230:
228:
227:
225:Wellstediaceae
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
137:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
40:Echium vulgare
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2408:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2098:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Metteniusales
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Escalloniales
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:Superasterids
1873:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Zygophyllales
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:Core eudicots
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:Petrosaviales
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Chloranthales
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:Lindley, John
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
980:
979:
974:
969:
968:
963:
956:
952:
949:(4):482–496.
948:
945:
941:
935:
932:
929:
925:
921:
918:
912:
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
888:
884:
883:Ferguson 1998
879:
876:
873:
869:
866:(2):139-169.
865:
862:
856:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
760:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
737:d'Aillon 2016
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
702:
697:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
673:
671:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
646:
645:
641:as sister to
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
601:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
578:
577:
573:
572:holoparasites
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:
526:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
471:
465:
461:
457:
456:APG IV system
452:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:DNA sequences
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:(2016) as an
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
262:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:
171:
168:
159:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2121:
2007:
1945:Aquifoliales
1838:Picramniales
1800:Cucurbitales
1780:Malpighiales
1730:Saxifragales
1662:Ranunculales
1630:Zingiberales
1625:Commelinales
1578:Dioscoreales
1459:Amborellales
1435:Angiospermae
1331:Boraginaceae
1302:
1277:
1265:
1260:
1256:"Boragineae"
1222:
1204:
1201:Tournefortia
1200:
1197:Heliotropium
1196:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1124:
1118:
1102:. Retrieved
1089:2158/1062790
1071:
1065:
1035:
1029:
1010:
1004:
977:
964:Bibliography
946:
943:
939:
934:
919:
916:
911:
903:
890:
878:
863:
860:
855:
828:
803:
799:
759:
732:
725:Jussieu 1789
720:
713:Lindley 1853
708:
696:
668:Gelsemiaceae
650:
649:
642:
628:
627:
618:
604:
602:
580:
574:
566:
553:
549:
534:
528:
522:
513:characterize
490:
486:
483:phylogenetic
480:
467:
464:monophyletic
454:In the 2016
453:
436:of selected
427:phylogenetic
403:paraphyletic
384:
382:
315:
306:Boraginaceae
303:
298:
293:(1820), the
276:
271:(1789) when
268:
266:
248:Boraginaceae
235:
234:
185:Coldeniaceae
172:
170:Boraginaceae
139:
123:
110:
97:
84:
71:
38:
24:Boraginales
18:
2226:iNaturalist
2152:Boraginales
2146:Wikispecies
2122:Boraginales
2013:Gentianales
2008:Boraginales
1937:Campanulids
1853:Brassicales
1775:Celastrales
1717:Superrosids
1706:Dilleniales
1607:Commelinids
1596:Asparagales
1566:Alismatales
1538:Magnoliales
1465:Nymphaeales
1446:Angiosperms
1407:Supergroup
1337:Boraginales
1013:(1): 1–20.
940:Pteleocarpa
652:Pteleocarpa
619:Hoplestigma
606:Hoplestigma
509:monogeneric
501:Ehretiaceae
358:Ehretiaceae
328:(1997) and
236:Boraginales
195:Ehretiaceae
140:Boraginales
91:Angiosperms
2385:Categories
2081:Alismatids
1993:Icacinales
1970:Dipsacales
1895:Santalales
1848:Huerteales
1843:Sapindales
1823:Geraniales
1785:Oxalidales
1701:Gunnerales
1584:Pandanales
1523:Canellales
1515:Magnoliids
1390:Orders of
1325:Genus list
1120:Cladistics
861:Cladistics
674:References
644:Sphenoclea
587:Lennoaceae
558:Codonaceae
554:Wellstedia
530:Wellstedia
497:Cordiaceae
470:BWG (2016)
460:Codonaceae
395:Lennoaceae
366:Lennoaceae
354:Cordiaceae
346:APG system
320:including
311:Hutchinson
283:type genus
281:, now the
215:Lennoaceae
190:Cordiaceae
180:Codonaceae
2319:100352422
2028:Vahliales
2023:Solanales
2003:Garryales
1960:Bruniales
1950:Asterales
1667:Proteales
1528:Piperales
1415:Bryophyta
1296:(1853) .
661:molecular
639:Solanales
615:cladistic
611:confirmed
411:Euasterid
378:Solanales
348:. In the
326:Takhtajan
156:Families
61:Kingdom:
2391:Asterids
2337:VicFlora
2326:VASCAN:
2314:Tropicos
2137:Q2538910
2131:Wikidata
2097:Category
2087:Lilioids
2018:Lamiales
1927:Ericales
1922:Cornales
1910:Asterids
1858:Malvales
1828:Myrtales
1649:Eudicots
1615:Arecales
1590:Liliales
1560:Acorales
1548:Monocots
1533:Laurales
1254:(1820).
1230:Archived
1212:Archived
1143:11954615
999:(2016).
833:APG 2016
820:24509797
752:BWG 2016
689:BWG 2019
664:evidence
635:Asa Gray
630:Hydrolea
582:Pholisma
423:unplaced
370:Lamiales
344:and the
330:Kubitzki
324:(1980),
322:Dahlgren
258:Taxonomy
220:Namaceae
117:Asterids
104:Eudicots
2293:5261925
2270:1538097
2218:7226464
2192:6349111
1985:Lamiids
1965:Apiales
1815:Malvids
1805:Fagales
1795:Rosales
1790:Fabales
1752:Vitales
1677:Buxales
1286:5161409
1052:2419504
657:anomaly
621:is the
407:APG III
338:systems
263:History
244:asterid
136:Order:
130:Lamiids
65:Plantae
2368:886392
2277:NZOR:
2257:846605
2231:523723
2166:217666
1762:Fabids
1740:Rosids
1620:Poales
1396:APG IV
1284:
1187:28 May
1162:27 May
1141:
1104:27 May
1100:. 2019
1050:
985:
922::1-6.
906:below)
898:. At:
818:
598:Nameae
576:Lennoa
520:genera
442:sister
415:lamiid
364:) and
360:, and
340:, the
278:Borago
252:lianas
238:is an
174:s.str.
2363:WoRMS
2301:Plazi
2244:12178
2239:IRMNG
2205:1BORO
2179:8ZXGF
1409:Plant
1349:APweb
1343:Trees
1264:[
1139:S2CID
1067:Taxon
1048:JSTOR
613:in a
595:tribe
591:clade
550:Codon
546:study
535:Codon
524:Codon
438:genes
430:study
419:clade
334:order
240:order
145:Juss.
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
2265:NCBI
2252:ITIS
2213:GBIF
2200:EPPO
2161:APNI
1282:OCLC
1227:here
1209:here
1189:2019
1177:UQAM
1164:2019
1106:2019
983:ISBN
816:PMID
579:and
567:The
560:and
552:and
527:and
487:s.l.
393:and
386:s.l.
289:and
164:List
2350:WFO
2187:EoL
2174:CoL
1352:At:
1346:At:
1340:At:
1322:And
1129:doi
1084:hdl
1076:doi
1040:doi
1015:doi
1011:181
997:APG
951:doi
947:175
942:".
924:doi
868:doi
808:doi
804:101
432:of
413:I (
147:ex
2387::
2365::
2352::
2339::
2316::
2303::
2290::
2267::
2254::
2241::
2228::
2215::
2202::
2189::
2176::
2163::
2148::
2133::
1334:At
1328:At
1300:.
1258:.
1250:;
1218:).
1199:,
1175:.
1137:.
1125:30
1123:.
1117:.
1082:.
1072:65
1070:.
1064:.
1046:.
1036:23
1034:.
1009:.
1003:.
975:.
920:72
864:30
840:^
814:.
802:.
786:^
771:^
744:^
681:^
647:.
564:.
533:.
503:,
499:,
495:,
473:)
451:.
417:)
380:.
356:,
299:ex
126::
113::
100::
87::
74::
2329:9
2085:³
2079:²
2073:¹
1598:³
1592:³
1586:³
1580:³
1574:³
1568:²
1562:²
1473:¹
1467:¹
1461:¹
1411::
1398:)
1394:(
1383:e
1376:t
1369:v
1288:.
1236:)
1191:.
1166:.
1145:.
1131::
1108:.
1092:.
1086::
1078::
1054:.
1042::
1023:.
1017::
991:.
957:.
953::
926::
885:.
870::
850:.
835:.
822:.
810::
781:.
766:.
754:.
739:.
727:.
715:.
703:.
691:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
