1084:(BPHS) that emerged centuries later. One concern raised is the apparent admission by Sitram Jha in his 1944 publication of the BPHS that he changed and removed elements of the manuscript. Another concern raised by Vedic Astrologers such as Shyamasundara Dasa 'that casts doubt on the veracity of the modern BPHS is the complete lack of any ancient commentary on the text. The oldest commentary known to me is that of Devacandra Jha's Hindi commentary from the first half of the 20th century, that is, less than 100 years old'.
1489:"day and night" after dropping its first and the last syllable. However, the alleged derivation of Sanskrit horā from ahorātra is not very likely, nor does it follow common rules of Sanskrit word formation. And it is totally unlikely that the Greeks took over this word from Indian astrology, because in ancient Greek, this word was part of common language since old times whereas in Sanskrit it exist only as an astrological jargon.
51:
1349:"day and night" after dropping its first and the last syllable. However, the alleged derivation of Sanskrit horā from ahorātra is not very likely, nor does it follow common rules of Sanskrit word formation. In Greek language, the word was part of common language since old times whereas in Sanskrit it exist only as an astrological jargon.
1718:
1022:, used, for example, to determine the appropriate and most auspicious times for various events and ceremonies (i.e. depending on the anticipated planetary and star movements and positions).
869:(बृहत्) means 'great, large, wide, vast, abundant, compact, solid, massy, strong, mighty' or 'full-grown, old' or 'extended or bright (as a luminous body)' or 'clear, loud (said of sounds)'.
780:
843:, the origin and date of the original composition is unknown. The most popular version of the BPHS consists of 97 chapters, a 1984 translation by R. Santhanam.
1077:, he had never seen it. Thus we know it was lost for at least nine hundred years, until new manuscripts emerged from the early 20th century (see below).
1567:
773:
1534:
1499:
1462:
535:
766:
1777:
1767:
503:
1433:
491:
1524:
1385:
729:
530:
649:
654:
214:
194:
1772:
752:
634:
585:
1092:
According to R. Santhanam and J. Gonda, the following are the modern translations (and manuscripts) of the
560:
354:
219:
1583:
1569:
A History Of Indian
Literature Vol VI Fasc. 4 Jyotish Shastra Astral And Mathematical Literature J Gonda
565:
466:
1636:
1317:
985:
897:
859:
855:
639:
204:
161:
34:
1062:
575:
545:
261:
175:
71:
271:
238:
156:
644:
614:
914:(शास्त्र) means 'compendium', 'book', 'manual', 'rule', 'instruction', 'science', and 'advice'.
1530:
580:
518:
359:
243:
233:
944:. Excellent is Hora among the three distributions, consisting of the general part of Jyotisa.
306:
1272:
1019:
975:
937:
854:(बृहत् पराशर होरा शास्त्र) can be loosely translated to examples such as 'the great book on
829:
719:
669:
590:
555:
383:
364:
349:
301:
1409:
1070:
981:
955:
929:
825:
822:
709:
689:
664:
388:
316:
209:
1051:
17:
1661:
959:
1612:
1251:
1080:
As such, there are doubts in regards to the authenticity of various manuscripts of the
699:
479:
199:
180:
1761:
1689:
1166:
714:
704:
679:
674:
629:
442:
418:
408:
403:
393:
378:
344:
266:
1191:. Apparently admitted tampering with his published version of the BPHS manuscript.
1043:
876:
814:
684:
619:
540:
437:
432:
413:
398:
1005:
941:
818:
949:
Way of the native: Parasara's Hora Sastra By Dev
Bhattacharyy, Chapter 1, Verse 1
1441:
570:
550:
498:
452:
447:
104:
42:
1584:"Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra - Vedic Astrology Article | Vedic-Astrology.net"
1066:
724:
146:
133:
1728:
1039:
998:
925:
893:
879:
840:
837:
833:
694:
624:
525:
99:
1694:
1365:
807:
1735:
1140:
798:
486:
321:
128:
123:
94:
60:
50:
1122:
Giridhara Lala Sarma and
Govinda Sarma (Sri Venkateswata Press, Bombay)
909:
659:
603:
334:
311:
296:
289:
118:
89:
1042:... is deeply indebted to the ; it has also borrowed two verses from
1276:
734:
65:
1320:
translation (2 volumes in 1). 97 chapters without
Sanskrit slokas.
1058:
must have been written between ca. 600 and 750... but before 800'.
1010:
Mundane astrology (e.g. collective culture, community, and society)
1188:
1136:
967:
963:
933:
883:
607:
82:
1345:, although the BPHS (4.1-2) states that the word originates from
1073:
that 'in his commentaries he wrote that though he had heard of
802:
1030:
J. Gonda states that at 'some time after 600 was written the
1340:
1001:(e.g. planetary distances, movements, sizes, strengths, etc.)
1741:
1046:... and its existence is presupposed by the author of the
1750:
1637:"On the Authenticity of the Brhat Parasara Hora Sastra"
1296:
English translation. 97 chapters with
Sanskrit slokas.
1301:
André Kërr (Academia
Brasileira de Astrologia Védica)
1434:"Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: 'Hora'"
1500:"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit: 'Shastra'"
1485:BPHS (4.1-2) states that the word originates from
1463:"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit: 'Hora'"
1143:commentary. reprinted by Khemraj Press in 1961.
922:
1283:R. Santhanam (Ranjan Publications, New Delhi)
858:by Parashara' or 'Great Parashara's manual on
774:
8:
1196:Devachandra Jha (Chaukhambha Publications)
1135:First printed version of the BPHS. Partial
1018:is concerned with the predictive branch of
900:'; also means "hour" or "time", from Greek(
1275:translation (2 volumes); without Sanskrit
817:to BPHS) is the most comprehensive extant
781:
767:
29:
1729:http://www.reliableastrology.com/mphs.htm
1526:Way of the native: Parasara's Hora Sastra
1386:"Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (vol 2.)"
1098:
1332:
281:
41:
1370:. Ranjan Publications. pp. 10–11.
1367:Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (vol. 1)
1607:
1605:
1603:
1561:
1559:
1254:translation; without Sanskrit verses
970:. The three branches of Jyotiṣa are:
7:
1551:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.
1379:
1377:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1210:translated to Hindi; similar to the
1740:Translation and elaboration Online
1034:of what was to become known as the
962:or six disciplines linked with the
832:branch (predictive astrology, e.g.
1549:Flood, Gavin. Yano, Michio. 2003.
958:- Vedic Astrology - is one of the
25:
1613:"Bhaavachalita - Vedic Astrology"
1523:Bhattacharyya, Dev (2015-10-18).
1148:Thakuradasa Cudamana (Calcutta)
49:
1702:A History of Indian Literature
1259:N.N.K. Rao and V.B. Choudhari
1:
1305:A Bíblia da Astrologia Védica
795:Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra
1752:Brihat Parashara Hora Sastra
1743:Brihat Parashara Hora Sastra
1663:Brihat Parashar Hora Shastra
1054:in ca. 850 . Therefore, the
1050:, which was commented on by
988:, personal horoscopes, etc.)
982:Natal (genethliac) astrology
852:'bṛhat parāśara horā śāstra'
801:: बृहत् पराशर होरा शास्त्र;
1749:Translation and commentary
1732:Brihat Parasara Hora Sastra
1695:
980:Predictive astrology (e.g.
928:, leader among Muni-Sages
808:
1794:
1617:vedicastrology.wikidot.com
1341:
1094:Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra
1082:Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra
1075:Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra
1016:Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra
932:, the supreme limb of the
809:bṛhat parāśara horā śāstra
43:Hindu scriptures and texts
1088:Editions and translations
875:(पराशर) is the name of a
18:Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra
1778:8th-century Indian books
1768:Hindu astrological texts
1529:. DevB Inc. p. 11.
936:, has three divisions -
1026:Origin and authenticity
753:Timeline of Hindu texts
586:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
27:Hindu astrological text
1745:By Maharishi Parashara
1719:बृहत्पाराशरहोराशास्त्र
1704:, Vol VI Fasc 4 (1981)
1438:faculty.washington.edu
1364:Santhanam, R. (1984).
1102:Editors / translators
952:
836:). Though ascribed to
561:Eighteen Greater Texts
1641:shyamasundaradasa.com
566:Eighteen Lesser Texts
1723:Translations online
1410:"बृहत् - Wiktionary"
1327:Notes and references
1318:Brazilian portuguese
1234:translated to Hindi
1219:Ganesa Datta Pathak
1160:Bengali translation
986:horoscopic astrology
860:Horoscopic astrology
828:, in particular the
1588:vedic-astrology.net
576:Iraiyanar Akapporul
536:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
282:Related Hindu texts
1700:in J. Gonda (Ed.)
1553:Malden: Blackwell.
1504:spokensanskrit.org
1467:spokensanskrit.org
1339:Likely from Greek
1676:Pingree, pp.86-87
1536:978-1-5150-5024-7
1414:en.wiktionary.org
1324:
1323:
1036:Brhatparasarahora
791:
790:
581:Abhirami Anthadhi
519:Sangam literature
372:Vaishnava puranas
16:(Redirected from
1785:
1726:
1717:
1698:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1440:. Archived from
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1212:Varanasi edition
1114:First published
1099:
1071:Vedic astrologer
950:
811:
783:
776:
769:
720:Gheranda Samhita
670:Sushruta Samhita
591:Vinayagar Agaval
556:Five Great Epics
531:Divya Prabandham
462:
428:
374:
256:Other scriptures
229:
190:
171:
114:
53:
30:
21:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1758:
1757:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1660:Sanatan Dharm.
1659:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1090:
1028:
951:
948:
921:
849:
826:natal astrology
787:
758:
757:
748:
740:
739:
690:Divya Prabandha
665:Charaka Samhita
650:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
610:
596:
595:
551:Kamba Ramayanam
526:Saiva Tirumurai
521:
511:
510:
482:
472:
471:
458:
424:
370:
337:
327:
326:
292:
277:
276:
257:
249:
248:
225:
186:
167:
149:
139:
138:
110:
85:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1773:Sanskrit texts
1770:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1738:
1721:
1714:Original text
1710:
1709:External links
1707:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1652:
1628:
1599:
1575:
1555:
1542:
1535:
1515:
1491:
1478:
1454:
1425:
1401:
1384:Santhanam, R.
1373:
1351:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:translated to
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1089:
1086:
1038:, ascribed to
1027:
1024:
1012:
1011:
1002:
989:
946:
920:
917:
916:
915:
905:
892:(होरा) means '
887:
870:
848:
845:
789:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
700:Ramcharitmanas
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
660:Pramana Sutras
657:
652:
647:
642:
640:Mimamsa Sutras
637:
635:Samkhya Sutras
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Dharma Shastra
611:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
517:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
507:
506:
496:
495:
494:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
467:Devi Bhagavata
460:Shakta puranas
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
426:Shaiva puranas
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
368:
367:
362:
357:
355:Brahmavaivarta
352:
347:
340:Brahma puranas
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
264:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
241:
236:
223:
222:
217:
215:Shvetashvatara
212:
207:
202:
197:
195:Brihadaranyaka
184:
183:
178:
165:
164:
159:
150:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
86:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:by Maharishi
1733:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1716:(in Sanskrit)
1713:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:David Pingree
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1572:. p. 86.
1571:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1444:on 2020-08-20
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:Thakur Prasad
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:Edition name
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:Additionally
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:Govindasvamin
1049:
1048:uttara-khanda
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:Mathematical
996:
994:
990:
987:
983:
979:
977:
973:
972:
971:
969:
968:Vedic rituals
965:
961:
957:
945:
943:
940:, Gaṇita and
939:
935:
931:
927:
918:
913:
911:
906:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
863:
861:
857:
853:
846:
844:
842:
839:
835:
831:
827:
824:
820:
816:
812:
810:
804:
800:
796:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:Shiva Samhita
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Yoga Vasistha
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
680:Vastu Shastra
678:
676:
675:Natya Shastra
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Brahma Sutras
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Artha Shastra
618:
616:
613:
612:
609:
605:
600:
599:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
515:
514:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
476:
475:
468:
465:
464:
463:
461:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
427:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Varaha Purana
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
373:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
341:
336:
331:
330:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
286:
285:
280:
273:
270:
268:
267:Bhagavad Gita
265:
263:
260:
259:
253:
252:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
228:
227:Atharva vedic
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
189:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
170:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
148:
143:
142:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
115:
113:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
84:
79:
78:
73:
70:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1751:
1742:
1731:
1725:(in English)
1701:
1696:Jyotiḥśāstra
1693:
1672:
1662:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1568:
1550:
1545:
1525:
1518:
1507:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1442:the original
1437:
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:
1366:
1346:
1335:
1304:
1222:
1211:
1199:
1173:
1169:
1117:Description
1093:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1060:
1056:purva-khanda
1055:
1047:
1044:Sphujidhvaja
1035:
1032:purva-khanda
1031:
1029:
1015:
1013:
1004:
992:
991:
974:
953:
923:
907:
901:
889:
872:
866:
851:
850:
847:Nomenclature
806:
794:
792:
685:Panchatantra
645:Nyāya Sūtras
541:Thiruppugazh
459:
457:
425:
423:
371:
369:
339:
226:
224:
187:
185:
168:
166:
151:
111:
109:
1390:archive.org
1239:C.G. Rajan
1065:(circa 900
1063:Bhaṭṭotpala
966:to support
815:abbreviated
730:Vedantasara
655:Yoga Sutras
571:Aathichoodi
504:Historicity
499:Mahabharata
492:Historicity
188:Yajur vedic
105:Atharvaveda
1762:Categories
1684:References
1646:2020-03-21
1622:2020-03-21
1593:2020-03-21
1566:Gonda, J.
1509:2020-03-20
1472:2020-03-20
1448:2020-03-20
1419:2020-03-20
1395:2020-03-20
1200:Chaukambha
924:Venerable
873:'parāśara'
834:horoscopes
725:Panchadasi
710:Swara yoga
546:Tirukkuṟaḷ
360:Markandeya
205:Taittiriya
169:Sama vedic
162:Kaushitaki
147:Upanishads
134:Upanishads
1139:, mostly
1108:Chapters
1040:Parashara
999:astronomy
993:Siddhānta
898:horoscopy
894:horoscope
880:Maharishi
856:horoscopy
695:Tirumurai
625:Kamasutra
384:Bhagavata
365:Bhavishya
350:Brahmānda
307:Vyakarana
176:Chandogya
152:Rig vedic
112:Divisions
100:Yajurveda
1736:Parasara
1487:ahorātra
1347:ahorātra
1174:Varanasi
1141:Sanskrit
1096:(BPHS):
1069:) was a
947:—
926:Parāśara
882:('great
841:Parāśara
799:Sanskrit
747:Timeline
604:Shastras
487:Ramayana
389:Naradiya
322:Jyotisha
290:Vedangas
239:Mandukya
157:Aitareya
129:Aranyaka
124:Brahmana
95:Samaveda
35:a series
33:Part of
1273:English
1165:Sitram
1111:Verses
1006:Saṃhita
960:Vedāṅga
956:Jyotiṣa
942:Saṃhita
930:Jyotiṣa
919:Summary
867:'bṛhat'
838:Maharṣi
480:Itihasa
335:Puranas
312:Nirukta
302:Chandas
297:Shiksha
272:Tantras
244:Prashna
234:Mundaka
119:Samhita
90:Rigveda
1533:
1277:slokas
910:śāstra
890:'horā'
819:Śāstra
735:Stotra
608:sutras
443:Skanda
419:Matsya
404:Vamana
394:Garuda
379:Vishnu
345:Brahma
262:Agamas
220:Maitri
66:Smriti
61:Shruti
1314:2017
1293:1984
1269:1963
1252:Tamil
1231:1972
1189:Hindi
1184:1944
1181:5100
1157:1926
1137:Hindi
1132:1905
1129:5781
964:Vedas
934:Vedas
884:Rishi
877:Vedic
823:Vedic
438:Linga
433:Shiva
414:Kurma
399:Padma
317:Kalpa
210:Katha
83:Vedas
1531:ISBN
1067:C.E.
1020:Horā
1014:The
976:Horā
954:The
938:Horā
830:Horā
803:IAST
793:The
606:and
453:Agni
448:Vayu
200:Isha
181:Kena
72:List
1342:ὥρα
1309:97
1288:97
1264:25
1244:36
1178:71
1167:Jha
902:ώρα
896:or
862:':
821:on
1764::
1692:,
1639:.
1615:.
1602:^
1586:.
1558:^
1502:.
1465:.
1436:.
1412:.
1388:.
1376:^
1354:^
1214:.
984:,
904:).
886:')
813:;
805::
37:on
1727:[
1666:.
1649:.
1625:.
1596:.
1539:.
1512:.
1475:.
1451:.
1422:.
1398:.
1008::
995::
978::
912:'
908:'
797:(
782:e
775:t
768:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.