333:, a former Buchenwald central warehouse and from October 1944 an independent concentration camp. 3 September 1946 was stipulated as the date for the transfer of the detainees and the extensive evidence concerning Buchenwald and Mittelbau; however, no representatives of the Soviet military administration appeared at the meeting point at the border zone. After 14 hours of waiting, the prisoners and the evidence were taken back to the detention center at Dachau. The Soviets may not have accepted the offer because they used the concentration camp after the takeover as
352:, demanded already at the beginning of 1946 the implementation of the Buchenwald trial before an international court. After the Soviet military authorities showed no interest, French and Belgian judicial authorities announced their desire to carry out the trial. This option was rejected by the American side having regard to the immense work of translation that should have been done. The lead investigator in the U.S. Army forced then the beginning of the process. By the end of December 1946 the preparation for the process was completed.
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298:(SMAD). After preliminary investigations against more than 6000 people until the fall of 1945, about 250 suspects were detained. However, witnesses were often no longer available to identify or incriminating photographs were not properly assigned; and some suspects managed to flee.
95:
The eight
American officers of the U.S. military tribunal at the trial of former camp personnel and prisoners from Buchenwald. From left to right: Lt. Col. Morris, Col. Robertson, Col. Ackerman, Brig. Gen. Kiel, Lt. Col. Dwinell, Col. Pierce, Col. Dunning, and Lt. Col.
321:, to transfer the Buchenwald trial to the Soviet government. After lengthy negotiations and hesitant inspection of the investigation files, the Soviet side expressed interest in the proceeding only with respect to the mass killing in
375:, were indicted. Also, three of the camp doctors and senior SS medical officers had to stand trial. Finally, even block leaders, detachment commanders, three prisoner functionaries and a civilian employee stood trial.
266:, American investigators began promptly with inquiries to identify those responsible for these crimes. The perpetrators were soon caught and detained, including the last commandant of Buchenwald concentration camp
329:. After the handover of the investigation of the 22 accused to the Soviet military authorities, it was agreed to perform the same procedure for the defendants in the Buchenwald concentration camp and
1376:
Buchenwald-Hauptprozess: Deputy Judge
Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407: (United States of America vs Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9), November 1947
1257:
Buchenwald-Hauptprozess: Deputy Judge
Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407: (United States of America vs Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9), November 1947
414:
364:
1406:(United States of America v. Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9). Review and Recommendations of the Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes, November 1947
239:, a subcamp of Buchenwald, that illustrate the horrific circumstances of the camp evacuation. As early as 12 April 1945 the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces,
279:
340:
Private negotiations regarding the competence of the
Buchenwald proceedings arose because of the significant delayed international criticism. In particular, the
379:
310:
172:
On 27 May 1945, a former
Buchenwald inmate shows American soldier Jack Levine a container with human organs that Nazi physicians removed from camp inmates.
243:, visited the Ohrdruf concentration camp and, because of the terrible camp conditions, he asked for U.S. and British politicians, representatives of the
295:
255:
where they could witness the remaining traces of the mass extinction. Elsewhere nearby residents had to bury the victims from the evacuation marches.
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Dr. Peter Zenkl, the 62-year-old deputy
Czechoslovak Prime Minister as the first witness in the Buchenwald trial from mid April 1947, cited in
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had the most victims (about 15,000) in
Buchenwald compared to the other nations involved, presumably other suspects were staying in the
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78:
60:
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Life imprisonment, commuted to four years imprisonment, then re-instated at retrial; committed suicide while serving her sentence
313:(OMGUS) considered to leave the Soviet Union in charge of the judicial process. On 9 November 1945, the deputy military governor
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A SS guard who allegedly abused prisoners was identified on 14 April 1945 by a former Soviet
Buchenwald prisoner at Buchenwald.
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The legal basis of the process was the "Legal and Penal
Administration" from March 1947, based on the decrees of the
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236:
215:, they were unprepared, partly because they were in the middle of combat, to face and trail the atrocities in the
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286:, and two truckloads of documentary material from the camp commander was used as evidence. Because of the London
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382:. The Control Council Law No. 10 of 20 December 1945, according to which any person who have been indicted for
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This article lacks significant coverage of aspects of the topic, including the trial itself and the verdicts.
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Die Todesmärsche von
Buchenwald. Räumung des Lagerkomplexes im Frühjahr 1945 und Spuren der Erinnerung.
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of thousands of prisoners who perished from starvation or shooting presented a difficult task for the
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Die Dachauer Prozesse und ihre Bedeutung im Rahmen der alliierten Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen.
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Die Dachauer Prozesse und ihre Bedeutung im Rahmen der alliierten Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen.
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998:
858:
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270:, who was arrested in June 1945 by American soldiers in Munich. The Command staff was interned in a
132:. It took place from April 11 to August 14, 1947 in the internment camp of Dachau, where the former
944:
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was indicted, because Buchenwald concentration camp was in his jurisdiction. The camp commander,
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Peter Zenkl, former Buchenwald inmate, Testimony in the Buchenwald Trial from mid April 1947.
593:
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Dachauer Prozesse – NS-Verbrechen vor amerikanischen Militärgerichten in Dachau 1945–1948.
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Dachauer Prozesse –NS-Verbrechen vor amerikanischen Militärgerichten in Dachau 1945–1948
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on 11 April 1945, the American soldiers had taken photographs after the capture of the
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The pigs in the SS stables received better feed, compared to the food of the prisoners
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submitted a proposal to the leader of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany,
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Die Dachauer Buchenwaldprozesse – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit – Anspruch und Wirkung.
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had been located until late April 1945. In this trial, 31 people were indicted for
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371:, and members of the command staff, as well as the widow of the first commander,
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Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager.
1387:
Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
1323:
Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
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Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
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Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–48.
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Deputy Judge Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407.
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282:. At least 450 former Buchenwald inmates were called as witnesses, including
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giving his eyewitness testimony on 16 April 1947 at the Buchenwald trial.
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and the U.S. press to view the camp. On 16 April 1945, 1000 people from
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Die alliierten Prozesse gegen Kriegsverbrecher und Soldaten 1943–1952.
1141:
489:
1466:
Die alliierten Prozesse gegen Kriegsverbrecher und Soldaten 1943–1952
248:
659:
Death, commuted to 10 years imprisonment; released 26 February 1952
451:
Death; died September 1948 before the sentence could be carried out
686:
10 years imprisonment, commuted to three years; released June 1948
548:
20 years imprisonment, commuted to 10 years; released 6 March 1952
521:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment, then 25 years; released 1955
148:, all of whom were convicted. The Buchenwald trial was part of the
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From the affidavit of August Bender in Kreuzau of 8 November 1948.
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Most of the indicted had been members of the camp staff, but also
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and may have feared future accusations of war crimes themselves.
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Buchenwald und die DDR – oder die Suche nach Selbstlegitimation.
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Buchenwald und die DDR – oder die Suche nach Selbstlegitimation.
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Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 16 December 1952
799:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 12 February 1954
394:
could be convicted, played no significant role in this process.
278:
and was interrogated shortly after the war ended in 1945 by the
713:
Life imprisonment, commuted to 20 years; may have escaped 1949
29:
431:
Life imprisonment, later commuted to 20 years; released 1950
772:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 28 June 1954
207:
When American troops reached the concentration camps of the
106:
United States of America vs. Josias Prince of Waldeck et al.
826:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 14 May 1954
1101:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released mid-1950s
993:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released mid-1950s
180:
American congressmen visited Buchenwald on 24 April 1945.
1170:
Life imprisonment, commuted to 15 years; released 1953
966:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 1957
1443:Entsetzen der Befreier: Das US-War Crimes Program.
572:Warehouse manager of Buchenwald's satellite camps
415:Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
365:Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1304:
1302:
195:
1224:15 years imprisonment, commuted to five years
963:Kommando leader and head of the arrest blocks
251:under American command were mandated to visit
219:. The care of mostly emaciated and very sick "
1544:"Der SS-Staat – Die Henker aus dem Totenwald"
1284:
1282:
8:
396:
290:, on 1 July 1945 the American military in
348:to prosecute war crimes committed by the
296:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
152:, which were held between 1945 and 1948.
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
1497:, Barbara Distel, Angelika Königseder:
1292:In: Ludwig Eiber, Robert Sigl (Hrsg.):
1236:
311:American military government in Germany
1356:Cf. Manfred Overesch, 1995, p. 207ff.
1123:15 years imprisonment; released 1950
545:Head of the Kommandanturschreibstube
7:
342:United Nations War Crimes Commission
1412:Ludwig Eiber, Robert Sigl (Hrsg.):
1194:KommandofĂĽhrer in Gustloff-Werk II
1129:Hans Wolf (Kapo concentration camp)
188:German historian and camp survivor
1552:. NÂş 16, 19 April 1947, p. 5.
1430:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995,
495:Wife of the first camp commandant
25:
1367:Cf. Katrin Greiser, 2007, S. 163.
1358:Cf. Katrin Greiser, 2007, p. 162.
1325:Frankfurt am Main 1992, p. 16 ff.
1255:Frankfurt am Main 1999, S. 227ff.
1150:Death; executed 19 November 1948
1047:Death; executed 26 November 1948
1020:Death; executed 19 November 1948
939:Death; executed 26 November 1948
912:Death; executed 19 November 1948
885:Death; executed 26 November 1948
745:Death; executed 26 November 1948
607:Death; executed 19 November 1948
575:Death; executed 19 November 1948
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1312:Frankfurt am Main 1992, S. 111f.
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1389:Frankfurt am Main 1992, p. 36f.
1071:Commander of the SS-Sturmbanns
778:Philipp Grimm (obersturmfĂĽhrer)
231:. Before the liberation of the
1416:. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2007,
309:or were there in custody, the
1:
1598:Buchenwald concentration camp
1503:Sachsenhausen und Buchenwald.
710:Physician in subcamp Ohrdruf
260:U.S. War Crimes Trial Program
253:Buchenwald concentration camp
233:Buchenwald concentration camp
142:Buchenwald concentration camp
1468:. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1999,
1449:Göttingen: Wallstein, 2008,
1197:Death, commuted to 20 years
1044:Crematorium Kommando leader
1017:Crematorium Kommando leader
478:Death; executed 7 June 1951
1221:Civilian personnel manager
518:Head of protective custody
475:Adjutant to Hermann Pister
356:Prosecution and legal bases
54:. The specific problem is:
1634:
237:Ohrdruf concentration camp
1483:Frankfurt: Campus, 1992,
1402:Buchenwald-Hauptprozess:
280:Counterintelligence Corps
134:Dachau concentration camp
1464:In: Gerd R. Ueberschär:
1296:Göttingen 2007, S. 160f.
805:Albert Fredrich Schwartz
769:Administrative director
223:" and the burial on the
130:American occupation zone
392:crimes against humanity
325:, where 1000 prisoners
211:in the final stages of
116:trial conducted by the
1343:Cf. Manfred Overesch:
1156:Edwin Katzenellenbogen
719:Friedrich Karl Wilhelm
307:Soviet occupation zone
294:handed it over to the
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1531:at Wikimedia Commons
1529:Buchenwald camp trial
1272:, nÂş 16, 1947, p. 5 (
990:Detention supervisor
602:SchutzhaftlagerfĂĽhrer
187:
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1505:Munich: Beck, 2006,
1288:Cf. Katrin Greiser:
457:Hans-Theodor Schmidt
427:SS and Police Leader
388:crimes against peace
362:SS and Police Leader
272:prisoner-of-war camp
241:Dwight D. Eisenhower
61:improve this article
50:to meet Knowledge's
1574:48.2703°N 11.4681°E
1570: /
380:Military Government
217:concentration camps
146:its satellite camps
128:, then part of the
1426:Manfred Overesch:
1385:Cf. Robert Sigel:
1308:Cf. Robert Sigel:
1249:Gerd R. Ueberschär
853:Life imprisonment
344:, a Commission of
229:United States Army
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118:United States Army
108:(also referred as
98:
1608:Buchenwald trials
1527:Media related to
1455:978-3-8353-0353-9
1436:978-3-525-01356-4
1422:978-3-8353-0167-2
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1227:
918:Hubert Krautwurst
554:Hermann Grossmann
327:were burned alive
319:Vasily Sokolovsky
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52:quality standards
43:This article may
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1565:11°28′05″E
1562:48°16′13″N
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301:Since the
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156:Background
138:war crimes
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484:Ilse Koch
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292:Thuringia
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