322:, a former Buchenwald central warehouse and from October 1944 an independent concentration camp. 3 September 1946 was stipulated as the date for the transfer of the detainees and the extensive evidence concerning Buchenwald and Mittelbau; however, no representatives of the Soviet military administration appeared at the meeting point at the border zone. After 14 hours of waiting, the prisoners and the evidence were taken back to the detention center at Dachau. The Soviets may not have accepted the offer because they used the concentration camp after the takeover as
341:, demanded already at the beginning of 1946 the implementation of the Buchenwald trial before an international court. After the Soviet military authorities showed no interest, French and Belgian judicial authorities announced their desire to carry out the trial. This option was rejected by the American side having regard to the immense work of translation that should have been done. The lead investigator in the U.S. Army forced then the beginning of the process. By the end of December 1946 the preparation for the process was completed.
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287:(SMAD). After preliminary investigations against more than 6000 people until the fall of 1945, about 250 suspects were detained. However, witnesses were often no longer available to identify or incriminating photographs were not properly assigned; and some suspects managed to flee.
84:
The eight
American officers of the U.S. military tribunal at the trial of former camp personnel and prisoners from Buchenwald. From left to right: Lt. Col. Morris, Col. Robertson, Col. Ackerman, Brig. Gen. Kiel, Lt. Col. Dwinell, Col. Pierce, Col. Dunning, and Lt. Col.
310:, to transfer the Buchenwald trial to the Soviet government. After lengthy negotiations and hesitant inspection of the investigation files, the Soviet side expressed interest in the proceeding only with respect to the mass killing in
364:, were indicted. Also, three of the camp doctors and senior SS medical officers had to stand trial. Finally, even block leaders, detachment commanders, three prisoner functionaries and a civilian employee stood trial.
255:, American investigators began promptly with inquiries to identify those responsible for these crimes. The perpetrators were soon caught and detained, including the last commandant of Buchenwald concentration camp
318:. After the handover of the investigation of the 22 accused to the Soviet military authorities, it was agreed to perform the same procedure for the defendants in the Buchenwald concentration camp and
1365:
Buchenwald-Hauptprozess: Deputy Judge
Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407: (United States of America vs Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9), November 1947
1246:
Buchenwald-Hauptprozess: Deputy Judge
Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407: (United States of America vs Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9), November 1947
403:
353:
1395:(United States of America v. Josias Prince zu Waldeck et al. – Case 000-50-9). Review and Recommendations of the Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes, November 1947
228:, a subcamp of Buchenwald, that illustrate the horrific circumstances of the camp evacuation. As early as 12 April 1945 the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces,
268:
329:
Private negotiations regarding the competence of the
Buchenwald proceedings arose because of the significant delayed international criticism. In particular, the
368:
299:
161:
On 27 May 1945, a former
Buchenwald inmate shows American soldier Jack Levine a container with human organs that Nazi physicians removed from camp inmates.
232:, visited the Ohrdruf concentration camp and, because of the terrible camp conditions, he asked for U.S. and British politicians, representatives of the
284:
244:
where they could witness the remaining traces of the mass extinction. Elsewhere nearby residents had to bury the victims from the evacuation marches.
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Dr. Peter Zenkl, the 62-year-old deputy
Czechoslovak Prime Minister as the first witness in the Buchenwald trial from mid April 1947, cited in
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had the most victims (about 15,000) in
Buchenwald compared to the other nations involved, presumably other suspects were staying in the
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Life imprisonment, commuted to four years imprisonment, then re-instated at retrial; committed suicide while serving her sentence
302:(OMGUS) considered to leave the Soviet Union in charge of the judicial process. On 9 November 1945, the deputy military governor
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A SS guard who allegedly abused prisoners was identified on 14 April 1945 by a former Soviet
Buchenwald prisoner at Buchenwald.
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The legal basis of the process was the "Legal and Penal
Administration" from March 1947, based on the decrees of the
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225:
204:, they were unprepared, partly because they were in the middle of combat, to face and trail the atrocities in the
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275:, and two truckloads of documentary material from the camp commander was used as evidence. Because of the London
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371:. The Control Council Law No. 10 of 20 December 1945, according to which any person who have been indicted for
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This article lacks significant coverage of aspects of the topic, including the trial itself and the verdicts.
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Die Todesmärsche von
Buchenwald. Räumung des Lagerkomplexes im Frühjahr 1945 und Spuren der Erinnerung.
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of thousands of prisoners who perished from starvation or shooting presented a difficult task for the
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Die Dachauer Prozesse und ihre Bedeutung im Rahmen der alliierten Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen.
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Die Dachauer Prozesse und ihre Bedeutung im Rahmen der alliierten Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen.
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259:, who was arrested in June 1945 by American soldiers in Munich. The Command staff was interned in a
121:. It took place from April 11 to August 14, 1947 in the internment camp of Dachau, where the former
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251:, a U.S. program for the instauration of legal standards and a judicial system to prosecute German
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was indicted, because Buchenwald concentration camp was in his jurisdiction. The camp commander,
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Peter Zenkl, former Buchenwald inmate, Testimony in the Buchenwald Trial from mid April 1947.
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Dachauer Prozesse – NS-Verbrechen vor amerikanischen Militärgerichten in Dachau 1945–1948.
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Dachauer Prozesse –NS-Verbrechen vor amerikanischen Militärgerichten in Dachau 1945–1948
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on 11 April 1945, the American soldiers had taken photographs after the capture of the
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The pigs in the SS stables received better feed, compared to the food of the prisoners
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submitted a proposal to the leader of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany,
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Die Dachauer Buchenwaldprozesse – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit – Anspruch und Wirkung.
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had been located until late April 1945. In this trial, 31 people were indicted for
80:
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360:, and members of the command staff, as well as the widow of the first commander,
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Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager.
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Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
1312:
Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
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Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–1948.
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Im Interesse der Gerechtigkeit. Die Dachauer Kriegsverbrecherprozesse 1945–48.
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Deputy Judge Advocate’s Office 7708 War Crimes Group European Command APO 407.
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271:. At least 450 former Buchenwald inmates were called as witnesses, including
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giving his eyewitness testimony on 16 April 1947 at the Buchenwald trial.
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and the U.S. press to view the camp. On 16 April 1945, 1000 people from
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Die alliierten Prozesse gegen Kriegsverbrecher und Soldaten 1943–1952.
1130:
478:
1455:
Die alliierten Prozesse gegen Kriegsverbrecher und Soldaten 1943–1952
237:
648:
Death, commuted to 10 years imprisonment; released 26 February 1952
440:
Death; died September 1948 before the sentence could be carried out
675:
10 years imprisonment, commuted to three years; released June 1948
537:
20 years imprisonment, commuted to 10 years; released 6 March 1952
510:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment, then 25 years; released 1955
137:, all of whom were convicted. The Buchenwald trial was part of the
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From the affidavit of August Bender in Kreuzau of 8 November 1948.
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Most of the indicted had been members of the camp staff, but also
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and may have feared future accusations of war crimes themselves.
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Buchenwald und die DDR – oder die Suche nach Selbstlegitimation.
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Buchenwald und die DDR – oder die Suche nach Selbstlegitimation.
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Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 16 December 1952
788:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 12 February 1954
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could be convicted, played no significant role in this process.
267:
and was interrogated shortly after the war ended in 1945 by the
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Life imprisonment, commuted to 20 years; may have escaped 1949
18:
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Life imprisonment, later commuted to 20 years; released 1950
761:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 28 June 1954
196:
When American troops reached the concentration camps of the
95:
United States of America vs. Josias Prince of Waldeck et al.
815:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 14 May 1954
1090:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released mid-1950s
982:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released mid-1950s
169:
American congressmen visited Buchenwald on 24 April 1945.
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Life imprisonment, commuted to 15 years; released 1953
955:
Death, commuted to life imprisonment; released 1957
1432:Entsetzen der Befreier: Das US-War Crimes Program.
561:Warehouse manager of Buchenwald's satellite camps
404:Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
354:Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
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184:
1213:15 years imprisonment, commuted to five years
952:Kommando leader and head of the arrest blocks
240:under American command were mandated to visit
208:. The care of mostly emaciated and very sick "
1533:"Der SS-Staat – Die Henker aus dem Totenwald"
1273:
1271:
8:
385:
279:, on 1 July 1945 the American military in
337:to prosecute war crimes committed by the
285:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
141:, which were held between 1945 and 1948.
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1486:, Barbara Distel, Angelika Königseder:
1281:In: Ludwig Eiber, Robert Sigl (Hrsg.):
1225:
300:American military government in Germany
1345:Cf. Manfred Overesch, 1995, p. 207ff.
1112:15 years imprisonment; released 1950
534:Head of the Kommandanturschreibstube
7:
331:United Nations War Crimes Commission
1401:Ludwig Eiber, Robert Sigl (Hrsg.):
1183:KommandofĂĽhrer in Gustloff-Werk II
1118:Hans Wolf (Kapo concentration camp)
177:German historian and camp survivor
1541:. NÂş 16, 19 April 1947, p. 5.
1419:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995,
484:Wife of the first camp commandant
14:
1356:Cf. Katrin Greiser, 2007, S. 163.
1347:Cf. Katrin Greiser, 2007, p. 162.
1314:Frankfurt am Main 1992, p. 16 ff.
1244:Frankfurt am Main 1999, S. 227ff.
1139:Death; executed 19 November 1948
1036:Death; executed 26 November 1948
1009:Death; executed 19 November 1948
928:Death; executed 26 November 1948
901:Death; executed 19 November 1948
874:Death; executed 26 November 1948
734:Death; executed 26 November 1948
596:Death; executed 19 November 1948
564:Death; executed 19 November 1948
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1378:Frankfurt am Main 1992, p. 36f.
1060:Commander of the SS-Sturmbanns
767:Philipp Grimm (obersturmfĂĽhrer)
220:. Before the liberation of the
1405:. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2007,
298:or were there in custody, the
1:
1587:Buchenwald concentration camp
1492:Sachsenhausen und Buchenwald.
699:Physician in subcamp Ohrdruf
249:U.S. War Crimes Trial Program
242:Buchenwald concentration camp
222:Buchenwald concentration camp
131:Buchenwald concentration camp
1457:. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1999,
1438:Göttingen: Wallstein, 2008,
1186:Death, commuted to 20 years
1033:Crematorium Kommando leader
1006:Crematorium Kommando leader
467:Death; executed 7 June 1951
1210:Civilian personnel manager
507:Head of protective custody
464:Adjutant to Hermann Pister
345:Prosecution and legal bases
43:. The specific problem is:
1623:
226:Ohrdruf concentration camp
1472:Frankfurt: Campus, 1992,
1391:Buchenwald-Hauptprozess:
269:Counterintelligence Corps
123:Dachau concentration camp
1453:In: Gerd R. Ueberschär:
1285:Göttingen 2007, S. 160f.
794:Albert Fredrich Schwartz
758:Administrative director
212:" and the burial on the
119:American occupation zone
381:crimes against humanity
314:, where 1000 prisoners
200:in the final stages of
105:trial conducted by the
1332:Cf. Manfred Overesch:
1145:Edwin Katzenellenbogen
708:Friedrich Karl Wilhelm
296:Soviet occupation zone
283:handed it over to the
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1520:at Wikimedia Commons
1518:Buchenwald camp trial
1261:, nÂş 16, 1947, p. 5 (
979:Detention supervisor
591:SchutzhaftlagerfĂĽhrer
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1494:Munich: Beck, 2006,
1277:Cf. Katrin Greiser:
446:Hans-Theodor Schmidt
416:SS and Police Leader
377:crimes against peace
351:SS and Police Leader
261:prisoner-of-war camp
230:Dwight D. Eisenhower
50:improve this article
39:to meet Knowledge's
1563:48.2703°N 11.4681°E
1559: /
369:Military Government
206:concentration camps
135:its satellite camps
117:, then part of the
1415:Manfred Overesch:
1374:Cf. Robert Sigel:
1297:Cf. Robert Sigel:
1238:Gerd R. Ueberschär
842:Life imprisonment
333:, a Commission of
218:United States Army
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107:United States Army
97:(also referred as
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1597:Buchenwald trials
1516:Media related to
1444:978-3-8353-0353-9
1425:978-3-525-01356-4
1411:978-3-8353-0167-2
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907:Hubert Krautwurst
543:Hermann Grossmann
316:were burned alive
308:Vasily Sokolovsky
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41:quality standards
32:This article may
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