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159:, because the mathematics and computation involved is relatively simple, which was important given the computing power available in the late 1970s. Due to the inherent distortions caused by map projections, the buffer computed this way will not be identical to one drawn on the surface of the Earth; at a local scale, the difference is negligible, but at larger scales, the error can be significant.
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Common buffers, in which the buffers for each feature in a layer are dissolved into a single polygon. This is most commonly used when one is not concerned about which feature is near each point in space, only that a point is nearby some (anonymous)
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Side preference may be important, such as needing the buffer on only one side of a line, or on a polygon, selecting only the outer buffer or the inner buffer (sometimes called a
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The buffer operation has been a core part of GIS functionality since the original integrated GIS software packages of the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as
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Polyline, which consists of an ordered list of points (vertices) connected by straight lines. This is also used for the boundary of a polygon.
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Software implementations of the buffer operation typically use alterations of this strategy to process more efficiently and accurately.
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Endcaps at the end of linear buffers are rounded by default, but may be squared off or a butt end (truncated at the final vertex).
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Variable width, in which the features in a layer may be buffered using different radii, usually given by an attribute.
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GIS software may offer variations on the basic algorithm, which may be useful in different applications:
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Create a rectangle along each line segment by creating a duplicate line segment offset the distance
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Geospatial
Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Techniques, and Software Tools
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139:(or difference) of a geometry and a disk. Other terms used: Offsetting a Polygon.
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The fundamental method to create a buffer around a geographic feature stored in a
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Diagram showing the construction of a buffer (red) of a polyline feature (blue)
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containing locations that are within a specified distance of that feature, the
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in JTS, the library at the foundation of many open-source GIS implementations
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Traditional implementations assumed the buffer was being created on a planar
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Bhatia, Sumeet; Vira, Viral; Choksi, Deepak; Venkatachalam, P. (2012).
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de Smith, Michael J.; Goodchild, Michael F.; Longley, Paul A. (2018).
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Merge or dissolve the rectangles and circles into a single polygon.
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Single point: Create a circle around the point with radius
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135:In Mathematics, GIS Buffer operation is a
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118:Create a circle buffer around each vertex
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19:For broader coverage of this topic, see
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162:Some current software, such as Esri
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98:data model, with a given radius
326:Geo-spatial Information Science
498:Geographic information systems
28:geographic information systems
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357:"How Buffer (Analysis) Works"
451:. You can help Knowledge by
339:10.1080/10095020.2012.747643
305:Wade, T. and Smmer, S. eds.
143:Planar vs. geodesic distance
125:perpendicular to each side.
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149:cartesian coordinate space
38:is the determination of a
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361:ArcGIS Pro Documentation
264:tool in Esri ArcGIS Pro
234:OGC ST_Buffer function
172:spherical trigonometry
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411:PostGIS documentation
215:Dilation (morphology)
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221:Erosion (morphology)
151:(i.e., created by a
157:Euclidean geometry
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56:proximity analysis
44:geographic feature
21:Proximity analysis
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287:"4.4.5 Buffering"
262:Buffer (Analysis)
223:(negative buffer)
217:(positive buffer)
168:geodesic distance
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513:Technology stubs
508:Spatial analysis
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407:"ST_Buffer"
48:buffer zone
492:Categories
421:2012-11-02
392:2023-11-21
308:A to Z GIS
269:References
164:ArcGIS Pro
30:(GIS) and
246:in turfjs
58:methods.
50:(or just
42:around a
503:Geometry
367:16 March
256:v.buffer
250:BufferOp
209:See also
204:feature.
155:) using
68:ARC/INFO
238:PostGIS
195:setback
182:Options
72:Odyssey
62:History
363:. Esri
96:vector
74:, and
52:buffer
449:stub
369:2021
76:MOSS
40:zone
334:doi
26:In
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
