391:-conducted European Working Conditions Survey, the study found that a low and declining proportion of employees considered their jobs to be "rarely" or "never" useful. The study also found that while there was some correlation between occupation and feelings of uselessness, they did not correspond neatly with Graeber's analysis; bullshit "taskmasters" and "goons" such as hedge-fund managers or lobbyists reported that they were vastly satisfied with their work, while essential workers like refuse collectors and cleaners often felt their jobs were useless. However, the study did confirm that feeling useless in one's job was correlated to poor psychological health and with higher rates of depression and anxiety. To account for the serious effects of working a bullshit job and why someone might feel their job is bullshit, the authors instead draw on the Marxist concept of
265:. The Puritan idea of virtue through suffering justified the toil of the working classes as noble. And so, one could argue that bullshit jobs justify contemporary patterns of living: that the pains of dull work are suitable justification for the ability to fulfill consumer desires, and that fulfilling those desires could be considered as the reward for suffering through pointless work in contemporary society. Accordingly, over time, the prosperity extracted from technological advances has been reinvested into industry and consumer growth for its own sake rather than the purchase of additional leisure time from work. Bullshit jobs also serve political ends, in which political parties are more concerned about having jobs than whether the jobs are fulfilling. In addition, populations occupied with
324:
315:, which he calls the "caring" or "care-giving" jobs. That is to say, a caring job is loosely defined as someone providing an essential task for others to thrive. He gives the viewpoint that our usual notion of a "caregiving" job lies within fields such as nursing, whereas in actuality it can extend all the way to the blue-collar working-class people. These people provide the every-day essentials for the world to run, thus taking care of those around them. It does not happen in the direct nurturing sense that is usually thought of, but nonetheless it still pertains to society's well-being.
296:, or Corporate Feudalism. He talks about big corporate meetings being the equivalent of "feudal jousts". Entire teams prepare for presentations of data and reports that no one will read. Here you will have various team members that are just there to say "I do the illustrations" and "I do the graphs" without doing anything physically productive. Graeber goes on to compare the people hiring these teams as "feudal lords". These corporate managers serve to inflate their own position by populating the ones below them without incentive for downsizing due to unproductivity.
1122:
276:, which would consist of a livable benefit paid to all people regardless of their status so that they may work at their leisure. The common trends within society today point people towards a very uneven work cycle that consists of sprints followed by low periods of unproductive work. Jobs such as farmers, fishers, soldiers, and novelists vary the intensity of their work based on the urgency to produce and the natural cycles of productivity, not arbitrary
2814:
370:
hate their jobs". The reviewer maintains that while "managerial feudalism" can explain the existence of flunkies, Graeber's other types of bullshit jobs owe their existence to competition, government regulation, long supply chains, and the withering of inefficient companies—the same ingredients responsible for luxuries of advanced capitalism such as smartphones and year-round produce.
335:, "On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs", which argued the pointlessness of many contemporary jobs, particularly those in fields of finance, law, human resources, public relations, and consultancy. Its popularity, with over one million hits, crashed the website of the essay's publisher. The essay was subsequently translated into 12 languages.
181:." Instead of producing more jobs that are fulfilling for our environment, they create meaningless jobs to provide everyone with an opportunity to work. While these jobs can offer good compensation and ample free time, the pointlessness of the work grates at their humanity and creates a "profound psychological violence".
145:
121:. Graeber describes five types of meaningless jobs, in which workers pretend their role is not as pointless or harmful as they know it to be: flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, and taskmasters. He argues that the association of labor with virtuous suffering is recent in human history and proposes unions and
299:
Some early works relating to
Feudalism making a comeback within corporate America highlight this idea as well. In his 1967 article for the Foundation for Economic Education, Clarence Carson makes much of the same points in the section on "Corporatism". He talks about this idea that the power of these
369:
argument convincing, but offered counterarguments on other points: that the average
British workweek has decreased in the last century, that Graeber's argument for the overall proportion of pointless work is over reliant on the YouGov survey, and that the same survey does not hold that "most people
176:
in 1930, but instead to "bullshit jobs": "a form of paid employment that is so completely pointless, unnecessary, or pernicious that even the employee cannot justify its existence even though, as part of the conditions of employment, the employee feels obliged to pretend that this is not the case".
244:
despite the idea that market competition would root out such inefficiencies. In companies, the rise of service sector jobs owes less to economic need than to "managerial feudalism", in which employers need underlings in order to feel important and maintain competitive status and power. In society,
398:
A 2023 study, using data from the
American Working Conditions Survey showed that 19% of respondents consider their jobs "rarely" or "never" useful to society. In addition, the survey shows that the occupations pointed out by Graeber are in fact most strongly perceived as socially useless, after
307:
in 2017, where he compares these large corporations to cancer cells growing uncontrollably. He explains that as these corporations continue to grow without check they are largely contributing to the "global scarcity of resources". This sapping of resources and concentration of wealth is what he
383:
turned the word "bullshit" into an official philosophical term when defining bullshit as the deceptive misrepresentation of reality that remains different from lying because contrary to the liar, the "bullshitter" does not aim specifically to deceive (p. 6–7). Along these lines, administrators
249:
is to be credited for making the labor of capitalism into religious duty: that workers did not reap advances in productivity as a reduced workday because, as a societal norm, they believe that work determines their self-worth, even as they find that work pointless. This cycle is a "profound
177:
Many people who are working these bullshit or pointless jobs know that they are working jobs that do not contribute to society in a thoughtful way. A review of the book notes: "Technology has advanced to the point where most of the difficult, labor-intensive jobs
151:
150:
147:
146:
152:
399:
controlling for working conditions. However this is still significantly below
Graeber’s claim that over 50% of all jobs are useless. It also does not show that the jobs are objectively useless, merely that the respondents feel this.
36:
149:
622:
117:
that postulates the existence of meaningless jobs and analyzes their societal harm. He contends that over half of societal work is pointless and becomes psychologically destructive when paired with a
395:. The authors suggest that toxic management and work culture may lead individuals to feel that they are not realizing their true potential, regardless of whether or not their job is actually useful.
2773:
1917:
365:
praises the book's academic rigor and humor, especially in some job examples, but altogether felt that
Graeber's argument was "enjoyably overstated". The reviewer found Graeber's historical
387:
A 2021 study empirically tested several of
Graeber's claims, such as that bullshit jobs were increasing over time and that they accounted for much of the workforce. Using data from the
2864:
1845:
261:
Work as a source of virtue is a recent idea. In fact, work was disdained by the aristocracy in classical times but inverted as virtuous through then-radical philosophers like
884:
128:
The book is an extension of a popular essay
Graeber published in 2013, which was later translated into 12 languages and whose underlying premise became the subject of a
772:
148:
2215:
300:
positions lies within the members looking down from the top of the ladder, and the people lying below have no general power but their identity with what's above them.
2725:
2001:
214:
Duct tapers, who temporarily fix problems that could be fixed permanently, e.g., programmers repairing shoddy code, airline desk staff who calm passengers with
2730:
604:
311:
As a counterpoint to this notion
Graeber also discusses the rise of non-bullshit jobs that coincides with his initial viewpoint during his interview for the
2735:
1431:
1166:
2720:
2087:
250:
psychological violence" and "a scar across our collective soul". One of the challenges to confronting our feelings about bullshit jobs is a lack of a
2279:
2061:
535:
2095:
1910:
962:
1854:
100:
2208:
923:
2859:
341:
undertook a related poll, in which 37% of some surveyed
Britons thought that their jobs did not contribute 'meaningfully' to the world.
795:
280:. Universal basic income offers the notion that this time pursuing pointless work could instead be spent pursuing creative activities.
2839:
561:
2705:
2430:
2395:
1903:
2700:
2695:
2400:
1827:
892:
132:
poll. Graeber solicited hundreds of testimonials from workers with meaningless jobs and revised his essay's case into book form;
2869:
2849:
2844:
2834:
2715:
2710:
2330:
2201:
1987:
655:
2646:
1938:
1802:
1589:
1159:
827:
764:
392:
2687:
2340:
2289:
2111:
1973:
323:
2804:
1945:
1815:
1745:
1483:
221:
Box tickers, who create the appearance that something useful is being done when it is not, e.g., survey administrators,
184:
More than half of societal work is pointless, both large parts of some jobs and five types of entirely pointless jobs:
2854:
2662:
2410:
2239:
2054:
1889:
1740:
195:
Goons, who act to harm or deceive others on behalf of their employer, or to prevent other goons from doing so, e.g.,
2315:
2284:
2119:
2078:
2028:
1808:
1730:
1127:
1115:
178:
1834:
2551:
2254:
1703:
1542:
1426:
1152:
473:
2781:
2531:
2345:
1772:
258:. In turn, rather than correcting this system, individuals attack those whose jobs are innately fulfilling.
2360:
1861:
1821:
1789:
1411:
1013:
384:
attempt to establish a work culture whose achievements are not factually false, but merely fake and phony.
344:
Graeber subsequently solicited hundreds of testimonials of bullshit jobs and revised his case into a book,
2224:
2151:
2047:
1924:
1609:
1299:
273:
122:
56:
2641:
2385:
2310:
2294:
2127:
1959:
1882:
1646:
1209:
739:
452:
379:
pointed to the initial definition of "bullshit" in philosophy. In his 1986 essay, Princeton philosopher
351:
By the end of 2018, the book was translated into French, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish, and
Chinese.
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118:
60:
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687:
68:
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1994:
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133:
79:
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665:
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95:
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1980:
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863:
428:
208:
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64:
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1966:
1952:
1868:
1735:
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1244:
1234:
447:
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380:
255:
2611:
1121:
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2601:
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2511:
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1713:
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1456:
1451:
1365:
1335:
1330:
1309:
1304:
1194:
1133:
522:
388:
375:
254:, in much the same way that people are unsure of how to feel if they are the object of
241:
2828:
2596:
2561:
2521:
2516:
2450:
2445:
2070:
1688:
1681:
1572:
1513:
1503:
1370:
1350:
1345:
1249:
1239:
1204:
1189:
656:"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory by David Graeber review – the myth of capitalist efficiency"
651:
418:
293:
114:
46:
2813:
1036:"Alienation Is Not 'Bullshit': An Empirical Critique of Graeber's Theory of BS Jobs"
605:"Review: Bullshit Jobs: A Theory by David Graeber — quit now, your job is pointless"
2818:
2591:
2475:
2390:
2274:
2177:
1796:
1767:
1752:
1718:
1661:
1624:
1552:
1446:
1390:
1385:
1279:
660:
277:
215:
204:
189:
161:
20:
2621:
2576:
2470:
2465:
2420:
2355:
2193:
2103:
2023:
1698:
1557:
1532:
1523:
1416:
1395:
1380:
1314:
1289:
1274:
1229:
443:
408:
2556:
2018:
1762:
1757:
1527:
1436:
1219:
1095:
1078:
1052:
1035:
851:
713:
366:
262:
165:
958:
836:
669:
618:
531:
2405:
1724:
1619:
1547:
1518:
1493:
1294:
1284:
868:
609:
438:
423:
361:
266:
1002:
987:
35:
1604:
1498:
413:
196:
169:
2667:
2264:
1578:
1567:
1138:
1079:"'Bullshit' After All? Why People Consider Their Jobs Socially Useless"
232:
Taskmasters, who create extra work for those who do not need it, e.g.,
481:
2415:
2375:
338:
129:
1144:
1034:
Soffia, Magdalena; Wood, Alex J; Burchell, Brendan (October 2022).
2365:
322:
188:
Flunkies, who serve to make their superiors feel important, e.g.,
143:
303:
This can go hand-in-hand with the essay Eric Armstrong wrote for
2039:
823:"Buch ĂĽber 'Bullshit Jobs': Sinn ist halt eine knappe Ressource"
822:
2197:
2043:
1148:
2774:
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work
192:, administrative assistants, door attendants, store greeters;
331:
In 2013, Graeber published an essay in the radical magazine
156:
The author interviewed on the premise of the book, June 2018
562:"Bullshit jobs: why they exist and why you might have one"
765:"37% of British workers think their jobs are meaningless"
19:
This article is about the book. For the phenomenon, see
272:
One solution that is offered by many is the idea of a
2802:
796:"Et vous, avez-vous un job Ă la con? Faites le test"
2749:
2686:
2634:
2494:
2438:
2429:
2303:
2232:
2170:
2077:
2011:
1844:
1781:
1404:
1323:
1182:
94:
86:
74:
52:
42:
1128:"On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs: A Work Rant"
474:"On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs: A Work Rant"
288:In his 2018 interview with Suzi Weissman for the
292:, Graeber compares the idea of Bullshit Jobs to
119:work ethic that associates work with self-worth
2865:Literature critical of work and the work ethic
646:
644:
642:
640:
2209:
2055:
2002:The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy
1160:
8:
885:"Arbeit: "Jobs, die die Welt nicht braucht'"
28:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
2435:
2216:
2202:
2194:
2062:
2048:
2040:
1432:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
1167:
1153:
1145:
1120:
34:
27:
2088:Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value
1094:
1063:1983/460fe471-7f93-4a6a-87dd-809316d5afbf
1061:
1051:
947:"Análisis – Socialismo milenial en EE UU"
916:"Il problema dei lavori che ci piacciono"
867:
821:Lessenich, Stephan (November 10, 2018).
2809:
2280:Right to an adequate standard of living
883:Kaufmann, Stephan (November 17, 2018).
794:Sardier, Thibaut (September 15, 2018).
464:
2096:Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology
1911:In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays
945:VallespĂn, Fernando (March 10, 2019).
1855:Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral
7:
914:Momigliano, Anna (October 2, 2018).
850:Taverna, Erhard (January 16, 2019).
681:
679:
555:
553:
926:from the original on April 4, 2020
775:from the original on July 26, 2019
738:Armstrong, Eric (April 29, 2017).
538:from the original on June 10, 2018
308:defines as "Corporate Feudalism".
14:
1904:Future Primitive and Other Essays
965:from the original on June 8, 2020
718:Foundation for Economic Education
712:Carson, Clarence (July 1, 1967).
113:is a 2018 book by anthropologist
2812:
2401:Political Party for Basic Income
1828:The Working Class Goes to Heaven
740:"The Coming Corporate Feudalism"
686:Weissman, Suzi (June 30, 2018).
625:from the original on May 5, 2018
136:published the book in May 2018.
1988:The Revolution of Everyday Life
516:Heller, Nathan (June 7, 2018).
284:Graeber and Corporate Feudalism
1939:On the Poverty of Student Life
1803:Swedish Public Freedom Service
1782:Theater, movies, music and art
1590:Occupational safety and health
1405:Terminology and related topics
828:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
240:These jobs are largely in the
1:
2647:AsignaciĂłn Universal por Hijo
2290:Universal basic income pilots
2112:Direct Action: An Ethnography
1974:The Human Use of Human Beings
1077:Walo, Simon (July 21, 2023).
247:Puritan-capitalist work ethic
1946:The Society of the Spectacle
1816:The Future of Work and Death
1484:Extermination through labour
1083:Work, Employment and Society
1040:Work, Employment and Society
603:Duncan, Emma (May 5, 2018).
560:Illing, Sean (May 8, 2018).
179:can be performed by machines
172:, as predicted by economist
2663:Iranian subsidy reform plan
2411:Sustainable Australia Party
1890:Critique of Economic Reason
891:(in German). Archived from
856:Schweizerische Ă„rztezeitung
688:"The Rise of Bullshit Jobs"
236:, leadership professionals.
2886:
2860:American non-fiction books
2840:Simon & Schuster books
2316:Basic Income Earth Network
2285:Technological unemployment
2029:Situationist International
1809:Take This Job and Shove It
1731:Technological unemployment
1130:, Graeber's original essay
269:have less time to revolt.
168:have not led to a 15-hour
18:
16:2018 book by David Graeber
2255:Guaranteed minimum income
1704:Right to rest and leisure
1543:Honeymoon-hangover effect
1427:Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich
1096:10.1177/09500170231175771
1053:10.1177/09500170211015067
125:as a potential solution.
33:
2782:The War on Normal People
1862:Bartleby, the Scrivener
1822:The Main Thing Is Work!
1412:996 working hour system
1018:"In Praise of Industry"
1014:Thorsten Botz-Bornstein
869:10.4414/saez.2019.17344
518:"The Bullshit-Job Boom"
346:Bullshit Jobs: A Theory
225:journalists, corporate
110:Bullshit Jobs: A Theory
2870:Universal basic income
2850:English-language books
2845:Books by David Graeber
2835:2018 non-fiction books
2552:Christopher Pissarides
2225:Universal basic income
2152:The Dawn of Everything
1925:Manifesto Against Work
1610:Performance punishment
1300:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
953:(in Spanish). Madrid.
328:
278:standard working hours
274:universal basic income
157:
123:universal basic income
57:Organizational culture
2642:Alaska Permanent Fund
2386:People Animals Nature
2311:Basic Income Alliance
2295:Universal inheritance
2128:The Democracy Project
1960:The Abolition of Work
1883:The Conquest of Bread
1835:Yama—Attack to Attack
1647:Protestant work ethic
889:Frankfurter Rundschau
453:Protestant work ethic
326:
155:
61:cultural anthropology
2572:Richard David Precht
2481:Juliet Rhys-Williams
2160:Pirate Enlightenment
1995:The Right to Be Lazy
1918:Inventing the Future
1652:Psychological safety
1637:Productivity theater
1630:Digital presenteeism
1600:Orange S.A. suicides
1585:Occupational burnout
1324:Contemporary persons
134:Simon & Schuster
80:Simon & Schuster
2790:Utopia for Realists
2542:Philippe Van Parijs
2371:Mein Grundeinkommen
2270:Negative income tax
2240:Basic income models
2136:The Utopia of Rules
1773:Work–life interface
1595:Occupational stress
1538:Happiness economics
1474:Effects of overtime
1442:Bare minimum Monday
1422:Abusive supervision
1361:Claus Peter Ortlieb
1265:Henry David Thoreau
1260:Friedrich Nietzsche
1134:Graeber interviewed
1024:, volume 137, 2020.
895:on January 20, 2019
714:"The New Feudalism"
227:compliance officers
174:John Maynard Keynes
69:White-collar worker
30:
2855:Anthropology books
2607:Christian Engström
2381:Party of Humanists
2336:Five Star Movement
2326:Breakthrough Party
2321:Basic Income Party
2245:Citizen's dividend
1642:Professional abuse
1356:Maurizio Lazzarato
1200:Alfredo M. Bonanno
1183:Historical persons
329:
327:The author in 2015
158:
2800:
2799:
2630:
2629:
2527:Sepp Kusstatscher
2191:
2190:
2037:
2036:
1790:À Nous la Liberté
1615:Post-work society
1509:Four-day workweek
1489:Career cushioning
1479:Employee ghosting
1376:Penelope Rosemont
1341:Madeleine Bunting
484:on August 7, 2018
252:behavioral script
234:middle management
223:in-house magazine
201:corporate lawyers
153:
106:
105:
101:978-1-5011-4331-1
2877:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2758:Agrarian Justice
2726:Nordic countries
2635:Related programs
2587:Osmo Soininvaara
2582:Annika Lillemets
2436:
2260:Jobless recovery
2250:Freedom dividend
2218:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2183:Critique of work
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
1932:New Escapologist
1709:Sampo generation
1563:Jobless employed
1468:Dolce far niente
1462:Cycle of poverty
1255:Bertrand Russell
1176:Critique of work
1169:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1116:Official website
1101:
1100:
1098:
1089:(5): 1123–1146.
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1031:
1025:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
880:
874:
873:
871:
847:
841:
840:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
683:
674:
673:
654:(May 25, 2018).
648:
635:
634:
632:
630:
600:
577:
576:
574:
572:
557:
548:
547:
545:
543:
513:
494:
493:
491:
489:
480:. Archived from
472:Graeber, David.
469:
429:Critique of work
209:public relations
154:
65:critique of work
38:
31:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2745:
2682:
2678:Social dividend
2626:
2537:Eduardo Suplicy
2507:Étienne Chouard
2490:
2461:Stephen Hawking
2456:Milton Friedman
2425:
2299:
2228:
2222:
2192:
2187:
2166:
2073:
2068:
2038:
2033:
2007:
1967:The End of Work
1953:Steal This Book
1869:Bonjour paresse
1840:
1777:
1736:Toxic workplace
1694:Refusal of work
1667:Quiet promotion
1400:
1319:
1270:Herbert Marcuse
1245:Walter Benjamin
1235:Mikhail Bakunin
1178:
1173:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1104:
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434:Refusal of work
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2612:Benoît Hamon
2592:Li Andersson
2532:Guy Standing
2495:Contemporary
2476:Thomas Paine
2391:Pirate Party
2351:Génération.s
2346:Fusion Party
2275:Real freedom
2178:Bullshit job
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1795:
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1768:Working poor
1753:Wage slavery
1723:
1719:Six-hour day
1662:Quiet hiring
1625:Presenteeism
1577:
1553:Job crafting
1466:
1447:Bullshit job
1391:Claire Wolfe
1386:Nick Srnicek
1280:Josef Pieper
1137:
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967:. Retrieved
950:
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928:. Retrieved
919:
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899:November 17,
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
888:
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804:. Retrieved
799:
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777:. Retrieved
769:yougov.co.uk
768:
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747:. Retrieved
743:
733:
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717:
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697:February 29,
695:. Retrieved
691:
661:The Guardian
659:
627:. Retrieved
608:
571:February 21,
569:. Retrieved
565:
540:. Retrieved
521:
488:February 21,
486:. Retrieved
482:the original
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164:benefits of
162:productivity
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21:bullshit job
2777:(monograph)
2721:Netherlands
2622:Andrew Yang
2577:Valter Mutt
2567:Götz Werner
2471:James Meade
2466:Ailsa McKay
2421:Volt Europa
2356:Green Party
2104:Lost People
2024:CrimethInc.
2012:Communities
1746:Psychopathy
1699:Resenteeism
1558:Job cuffing
1533:Glass cliff
1524:Uberisation
1417:Absenteeism
1396:John Zerzan
1381:Mark Slouka
1290:Max Stirner
1275:Jerry Rubin
1230:Ivan Illich
802:(in French)
692:Jacobin.com
444:On Bullshit
409:Decent work
319:Publication
2829:Categories
2761:(pamphlet)
2557:Claus Offe
2522:André Gorz
2517:Uffe Elbæk
2019:R/antiwork
1897:Fight Club
1846:Literature
1763:Workaholic
1758:Work ethic
1741:Narcissism
1528:Gig worker
1437:Autonomism
1220:Guy Debord
1205:André Gorz
1003:1141782257
988:1126618522
459:References
393:alienation
367:work ethic
263:John Locke
166:automation
78:May 2018 (
2688:By region
2431:Advocates
2406:ReCivitas
1981:The Idler
1725:Tang ping
1620:Precariat
1548:Hush trip
1519:Ghost job
1494:Careerism
1295:Max Weber
1285:Karl Marx
1210:Bob Black
959:1134-6582
862:(3): 65.
837:0174-4909
749:March 14,
744:Treelight
723:March 14,
670:0261-3077
619:0140-0460
610:The Times
532:0028-792X
439:Tang ping
424:Busy work
362:The Times
355:Reception
305:Treelight
267:busy work
197:lobbyists
75:Published
2651:Brazil (
2439:Historic
1605:Overwork
1526: /
1499:Flextime
1315:Zo d'Axa
969:June 26,
963:Archived
930:June 26,
924:Archived
806:June 26,
779:July 26,
773:Archived
623:Archived
536:Archived
414:Bullshit
403:See also
170:workweek
2706:Germany
2668:Omitara
2396:Podemos
2265:Mincome
2171:Related
1579:Neijuan
1568:Karoshi
1139:Book TV
951:El PaĂs
542:June 9,
333:Strike!
140:Summary
53:Subject
2805:Portal
2793:(book)
2785:(book)
2769:(book)
2741:Global
2701:Canada
2696:Brazil
2416:Vivant
2376:MERA25
2233:Topics
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2163:(2023)
2155:(2021)
2147:(2018)
2139:(2015)
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2123:(2011)
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339:YouGov
130:YouGov
43:Author
2819:Books
2750:Works
2716:Japan
2711:India
2366:LIVRE
2331:Enhet
87:Pages
2120:Debt
999:OCLC
984:OCLC
971:2020
955:ISSN
932:2020
901:2018
833:ISSN
808:2020
781:2019
751:2024
725:2024
699:2024
666:ISSN
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544:2018
528:ISSN
490:2023
245:the
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