153:
in their area in the 1880s, were employed by him in tracking and harvesting kills of this introduced animal. For many decades they dominated the industry. There was a dramatic population collapse in that area for the next three decades (1880-1920) due to introduced diseases and new colonial land use.
165:
reflects a
Gaagudja perspective, since Spencer's main informant, Cahill, happened to be fluent in that language and was an intermediary between Spencer and the three Indigenous informants, Mitcheralaka (Madjirrilaaga) of the Mirarr clan, Kopereiki (Gabhirrigi) of the Bunidj clan, and Wardiirdi, also
595:
148:
The
Cobourg cattle company took up a lease for hunting buffalo in the Alligator River area in 1876, and Aboriginal people were a major part of the workforce. The Gaagudju, with the arrival of the feral buffalo hunter
166:
of the Bunidj, and
Wudeirti, but at the same time Spencer realised that several other Aboriginal peoples were present at Oenpelli and that Cahill's Gaagudeju testimony covered their distinct traditions as well.
588:
1638:
1580:
581:
1615:
1608:
1573:
101:
peoples. Many of the latter ceased to speak their mother tongue in preference for
Gaagudju after the 1930s, and it became in turn their first language.
1587:
89:
is a language spoken by a primary group known by that name, and a secondary group of contiguous peoples who used it as a second language, such as the
169:
After Cahill's death the
Gaahudju shifted to the Alice and Mary River areas, to continue buffalo hunting, and gradually Oenpelli was occupied by the
1601:
1594:
537:
420:
521:
454:
529:
137:
The
Gaagudju were divided into four estate-owning clans, the Bunidj, the Djindibi (around Munmalarri), and two Mirarr clans.
114:
150:
970:
388:
1215:
117:(at the time called Oenpelli) as Gaagudju territory, for they happened to be the dominant group there at the time. In
140:
Three languages are spoken among the Mirrar or Mirarr clan group apart from
English. The majority speak Kundjeyhmi.
379:
129:, and running southwards as far as the mountain country. They were resident at both Cannon Hill and Mount Basedow.
526:
Aboriginal Tribes of
Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
604:
495:
470:
158:
110:
41:
1040:
505:
483:
474:
669:
1110:
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65:
45:
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984:
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86:
81:
69:
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1026:
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182:
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1440:
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122:
1510:
1412:
1321:
1166:
949:
921:
816:
760:
739:
517:
118:
64:
clans. Three languages are spoken among the Mirarr or Mirrar clan: the majority speak
1632:
1398:
1201:
1187:
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1173:
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1138:
879:
823:
1538:
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1356:
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1103:
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753:
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1349:
1342:
1328:
1194:
1075:
1061:
935:
844:
809:
725:
676:
655:
185:, last surviving speaker of the Gaagudju language and elder of the Bunitj clan
499:
1468:
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1433:
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1384:
1243:
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1033:
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872:
865:
837:
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641:
560:
1517:
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1335:
1306:
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1145:
1082:
795:
718:
162:
1552:
1496:
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1314:
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1250:
1236:
1117:
1054:
1047:
893:
802:
781:
746:
697:
620:
430:
17:
1531:
1377:
1370:
1257:
1229:
977:
942:
830:
774:
732:
690:
648:
170:
94:
90:
121:'s estimate, the Gaagudju possessed estates covering inland of the
1363:
1299:
928:
125:
some 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi) between the
577:
559:
Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2018). "Gagadu".
109:
The
Gaagudju were a people of the northern Kakadu area.
217:
215:
476:
Native tribes of the
Northern Territory of Australia
27:Aboriginal Australian people of northern Australia
281:
589:
8:
1639:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
596:
582:
574:
390:Die Eingeborenen der Kolonie Südaustralien
433:. Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation. n.d
329:
257:
233:
199:
353:
341:
317:
305:
269:
245:
221:
206:
372:"Cahill, Patrick (Paddy) (1863–1923)"
127:eastern and southern Alligator Rivers
7:
455:Center for World Indigenous Studies
562:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
376:Australian Dictionary of Biography
157:Most of the material collected by
48:. There are four clans, being the
25:
161:over two months on the people of
396:. Berlin: D.Reimer – via
293:
530:Australian National University
173:, who moved in from the west.
1:
447:"Mirarr - Indigenous Peoples"
72:and others another language.
501:Wanderings in wild Australia
113:identified the area around
95:Kundjeyhmi, Giimiyu, Bininj
1655:
380:Melbourne University Press
79:
1562:
615:
387:Eylmann, Erhard (1908).
518:Tindale, Norman Barnett
370:Clinch, M. A. (1979).
1568:By state or territory
408:A Grammar of Gaagudju
405:Harvey, Mark (2002).
68:, while others speak
42:Aboriginal Australian
1041:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
506:Macmillan Publishers
484:Macmillan Publishers
451:Intercontinental Cry
282:Intercontinental Cry
36:, also known as the
133:Social organisation
1581:Northern Territory
609:Northern Territory
144:History of contact
46:Northern Territory
1626:
1625:
1616:Western Australia
565:(21st ed.).
546:on 20 March 2020.
539:978-0-708-10741-6
422:978-3-110-87128-9
413:Walter de Gruyter
272:, pp. 1, 12.
209:, pp. 14–16.
82:Gaagudju language
76:Name and language
16:(Redirected from
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1350:Ritharngu/Diakui
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542:. Archived from
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510:Internet Archive
496:Spencer, Baldwin
491:
488:Internet Archive
481:
471:Spencer, Baldwin
466:
464:
462:
442:
440:
438:
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398:Internet Archive
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285:
279:
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183:Big Bill Neidjie
21:
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1629:
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1627:
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1595:South Australia
1593:
1586:
1579:
1574:New South Wales
1572:
1567:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1504:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
1502:
1495:
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654:
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619:
611:
607:peoples in the
602:
558:
555:
553:Further reading
550:
540:
516:
494:
479:
469:
460:
458:
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436:
434:
429:
423:
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386:
378:. Vol. 7.
369:
365:
360:
352:
348:
344:, pp. 3–4.
340:
336:
328:
324:
316:
312:
308:, pp. 2–3.
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264:
256:
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228:
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159:Baldwin Spencer
146:
135:
123:Van Diemen Gulf
111:Baldwin Spencer
107:
84:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1322:Pitjantjatjara
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1167:Murngin=Yolgnu
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358:
346:
334:
332:, p. 750.
322:
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274:
262:
260:, p. 228.
250:
238:
236:, p. 744.
226:
211:
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191:
188:
187:
186:
178:
177:Notable people
175:
145:
142:
134:
131:
119:Norman Tindale
106:
103:
80:Main article:
77:
74:
44:people of the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1202:Ngaanyatjarra
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:Nanggikorongo
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:Murrinh-Patha
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:Mulluk-Mulluk
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:Menhdheyangal
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880:Garrwa/Karawa
877:
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867:
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853:
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557:
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545:
541:
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531:
527:
523:
522:"Kakadu (NT)"
519:
515:
511:
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503:
502:
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468:
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88:
83:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
1525:Yindjilandji
1265:Ngolokwangga
1069:Marimanindji
957:Karrangpurru
851:
670:Anindilyakwa
663:Andakerebina
561:
544:the original
525:
508:– via
500:
486:– via
475:
459:. Retrieved
450:
435:. Retrieved
407:
389:
375:
356:, p. 4.
349:
337:
330:Spencer 1928
325:
313:
301:
289:
277:
265:
258:Tindale 1974
253:
248:, p. 3.
241:
234:Spencer 1928
229:
224:, p. 5.
202:
168:
156:
151:Paddy Cahill
147:
139:
136:
108:
85:
61:
57:
53:
49:
37:
33:
31:
29:
1279:Norweilemil
1111:Marrithiyal
1104:Marranunggu
901:Gungorogone
354:Harvey 2002
342:Harvey 2002
318:Clinch 1979
306:Harvey 2002
270:Harvey 2002
246:Harvey 2002
222:Harvey 2002
207:Harvey 2002
1588:Queensland
1476:Wongkamala
1448:Warndarang
1343:Rembarrnga
1329:Pongaponga
1293:Nunggubuyu
1223:Ngaliwurru
1195:Nangiomeri
1076:Marinunggo
1062:Maridjabin
985:Kungarakan
936:Jamindjung
845:Emmiyangal
810:Djerimanga
726:Bingongina
677:Anmatyerre
605:Aboriginal
567:Ethnologue
504:. London:
482:. London:
461:24 October
437:24 October
115:Gunbalanya
66:Kundjeyhmi
60:, and two
1469:Wilingura
1455:Warumungu
1434:Warlmanpa
1385:Wadjiginy
1244:Ngarinman
1209:Ngalakgan
1160:Muringura
1125:Matuntara
1034:Mangarayi
1020:Madngella
1006:Kwarandji
999:Kunwinjku
992:Kunibidji
908:Gunindiri
873:Gambalang
866:Gadjerong
838:Doolboong
789:Djalakuru
712:Bilingara
705:Beriguruk
656:Amijangal
642:Alyawarre
195:Citations
171:Kunwinjku
99:Umbugarla
40:, are an
1633:Category
1609:Victoria
1602:Tasmania
1518:Yaroinga
1483:Wulwulam
1441:Warlpiri
1427:Wardaman
1420:Wandjira
1336:Puneitja
1307:Perrakee
1272:Ngormbur
1146:Mudburra
1083:Marijedi
1013:Larrakia
964:Kaytetye
915:Gurindji
887:Giimbiyu
852:Gaagudju
719:Binbinga
684:Arrernte
520:(1974).
498:(1928).
473:(1914).
431:"Mirarr"
163:Oenpelli
87:Gaagudju
70:Gaagudju
58:Djindibi
34:Gaagudju
1553:Yunggor
1511:Yanyuwa
1497:Yangman
1490:Wurango
1413:Wambaya
1392:Wagoman
1315:Pintupi
1286:Nungali
1251:Ngarnka
1237:Ngardok
1118:Mati Ke
1055:Maridan
1048:Mariamo
971:Kukatja
950:Jingili
922:Iwaidja
894:Gudanji
817:Djinang
803:Djerait
782:Dhuwala
761:Dalabon
747:Dagoman
740:Burarra
698:Awinmul
621:Airiman
363:Sources
105:Country
91:Amurdak
1532:Yolngu
1399:Wakaya
1378:Wadere
1371:Waanyi
1258:Ngarti
1230:Ngandi
1216:Ngalia
1181:Nagara
978:Kunapa
943:Jawoyn
831:Djowei
824:Djinba
775:Dhuwal
733:Bininj
691:Awarai
649:Amarak
536:
419:
62:Mirarr
56:, the
54:Bunidj
50:Bunitj
38:Kakadu
18:Bunitj
1539:Yukul
1462:Watta
1364:Tjial
1300:Oitbi
1132:Maung
1097:Marra
1090:Mariu
929:Jaako
859:Gaari
796:Djaŋu
768:Dangu
635:Alura
628:Alawa
480:(PDF)
457:. n.d
394:(PDF)
190:Notes
1546:Yumu
1406:Walu
1357:Tiwi
754:Daii
534:ISBN
463:2021
439:2021
417:ISBN
97:and
32:The
294:GAC
52:or
1635::
532:.
528:.
524:.
453:.
449:.
415:.
411:.
374:.
214:^
93:,
1309:?
597:e
590:t
583:v
569:.
512:.
490:.
465:.
441:.
425:.
400:.
382:.
320:.
296:.
284:.
20:)
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