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176:(manumitted slaves) would normally keep the original letter in their possession, since the illegal enslavement of people of color was always a danger, but in order to protect themselves and to fully legalize the transition of status, the document was then taken to the nearest notary and transcribed in his register as well". Notarised copies survive in the public archives and are a valuable source for scholars. It is not clear how these documents escaped burning.
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111:- 23/12/1890 - Opposition to the destruction. On 20 December 1890, a motion in support of Ruy Barbosa's order was voted and approved in the National Congress. But, not without opposition. Representatives of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul were against the order. The 23 December edition of
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had been prohibited by law since 7 November 1831. Such possibility of seeking compensation from former slave owners was due to the fact that the 1831 law that abolished the slave trade was largely ignored. It is estimated that after 1831 around 300,000 enslaved
Africans entered Brazil through illegal
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After the abolition of slavery in Brazil, a process of oblivion of the country's slave past began. Because of this, it is argued that the burning of the records relating to slavery in the country was linked to the search for the erasure of a "shameful past" and the reconstruction of history through
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Historians of Brazil have so often repeated the myth that the documents on slavery were destroyed in the fervor of abolition that they have sometimes led themselves to believe it. While it is true that much documentation is now lost, there remain a wide variety of sources that simply have not been
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The note said that deputy
Francisco Coelho Duarte Badaró (MG) registered his protest against the burning of all slavery records in Brazil. After making the reservation that he was not speaking out against the "meritorious work of abolition" but rather against the destruction of documents, he said:
122:"Ours is a new life, but we need to have our history written with true evidence. By having a large number of documents burned on the history of Brazil, the shame will never disappear, the traces of slavery will never be erased from our history", the deputy continued.
90:, even though it was unsuccessful in its attempts to eliminate all slavery records, the incident takes on the meaning of an attempt to erase the slavery past and an attempt to restart Brazilian history from the present, in which Brazil found itself shortly after the
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on 13 May 1888. On the other hand, it is also believed that the burning of records prevented former slaves from having access to the dates of their purchases, which, in theory, could be used to demand compensation for having been illegally enslaved, since the
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of slaves was recorded, will be incinerated, and if they contain other records, these will be transported with the same order number to the new books of No. 2, 4 or 5" (Decree No. 370 of 2 May 1890, Article 11).
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The document signed by Ruy
Barbosa had a legal basis authorized by Article 11 of decree No. 370 of 2 May 1890, which was the Civil Registry Law created in the provisional government of president
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published on its cover a criticism of Ruy
Barbosa's order. It questioned a minister's right to the fate of documents that "belong to history rather than the archives of the offices".
44:, then the country's capital, where they would be burned. The burning of the records took place on 13 May 1891, the second anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the country.
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It is believed that
Barbosa issued the document with the intention that former slave owners would not be able to seek compensation after the abolition of slavery by the
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72:"The National Congress congratulates the Provisional Government for ordering the elimination of traces of slavery in Brazil from the national archives."
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Ruy
Barbosa's ministerial dispatch that ordered, under the civil registry law at the time, the burning of slavery records in Brazil on 14 December 1890
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the "ideals of progress", thus incorporating
Brazilian slaves into a capitalist modernization project. According to historian
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trafficking. The burning of the records would also have made the resumption by the new republican regime of princess
40:, including registration books, customs duties and tax records. The document determined that the records be sent to
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501:"O som do silêncio: sobre interditos e não ditos nos arquivos quando o tema é escravidão ou escorre para o racismo"
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142:. The article has the following original wording: "The registration books under No. 6, in which the
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491:(in Portuguese). Maceió: Governo do Estado de Alagoas/Secretaria de Estado da Comunicação Social.
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For example, when a living owner set a slave at liberty, it was done by a letter of
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66:'s plans to compensate former slaves with land and tools to work unfeasible.
413:"Medo do passado: quando Rui Barbosa tentou apagar a memória da escravidão"
519:(1974). "The Manumission of Slaves in Colonial Brazil: Bahia, 1684-1745".
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119:"we must not play the role of iconoclasts, we must have an archive".
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Motion of support from the
National Congress to Ruy Barbosa's order
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36:, ordered the burning of all records on the purchase and sale of
406:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa.
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468:"Por que Rui Barbosa queimou documentos da escravidão?"
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451:"Memória e luta política do povo negro no Brasil"
434:"A destruição dos documentos sobre a escravidão"
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103:reported, in different editions, on the topic:
320:A destruição dos documentos sobre a escravidão
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24:On 14 December 1890, a document signed by
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115:brought more details about the session.
521:The Hispanic American Historical Review
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487:Sant'ana, Moacir Medeiros de (1988).
411:Bernardo, João Vicente (4 May 2021).
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489:A queima de documentos da escravidão
125:In the edition of 21 December 1890,
400:Rui Barbosa e a queima dos arquivos
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345:"Portal da Câmara dos Deputados"
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449:Cardoso, Francilene (2013).
432:Estadão (14 December 2015).
92:proclamation of the republic
397:Barbosa, Francisco (1988).
322:. Estadão, estadão acervos.
192:Coleção de Livros do Banguê
97:At the time, the newspaper
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151:Survival of some documents
556:First Brazilian Republic
203:Post-abolition in Brazil
34:First Brazilian Republic
32:of the newly proclaimed
466:Gomide, Thiago (2020).
198:Afro-Brazilian history
186:Abolitionism in Brazil
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164:adequately exploited.
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417:Aventuras na História
100:O Estado de São Paulo
59:slave trade to Brazil
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517:Schwartz, Stuart B.
127:O Estado de S.Paulo
113:O Estado de S.Paulo
109:O Estado de S.Paulo
30:Minister of Finance
349:www2.camara.leg.br
157:Stuart B. Schwartz
140:Deodoro da Fonseca
28:, then serving as
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561:Slavery in Brazil
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527:(4): 603–635.
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472:History Brasil
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332:Sant'ana 1988
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390:Bibliography
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296:Cardoso 2013
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272:Barbosa 1988
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461:(1): 73–94.
248:Gomide 2020
170:manumission
159:wrote that
134:Legal basis
26:Ruy Barbosa
545:Categories
354:2024-08-31
209:References
54:Golden Law
48:Background
214:Citations
499:(2010).
455:Libertas
180:See also
174:Libertos
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478:10 May
440:10 May
423:10 May
144:pledge
64:Isabel
529:JSTOR
404:(PDF)
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