31:
102:, shifts in political thought led to increased federal involvement in education. The pre-war tradition of local funding of and control over education clashed with a push from reformers for increased state and federal educational leadership. Additionally, the creation of social science associations generated interest in data-driven approaches to governance at all levels.
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educational statistics had already begun in parts of Europe. The Office of
Education was created to meet the need to gather statistical information on the fast-growing educational institutions of the United States, along with histories and descriptive articles, pamphlets, reports and books, often in coordination with state universities. Reformers (especially
230:. It had no power to control the actions of educational institutions. At times during its first decades of its existence, attempts were made to change its name. These names (Board, Department, Office, and Bureau) were considered. In 1873, a bill (H. R. 3782) was introduced which would change its name to the Bureau of Education and Statistics.
215:) hoped that the Office would become a powerful federal agency, but were frustrated at every turn by Congress, which did not or want to trespass on the right of the states and local jurisdictions in the cities, towns and counties to control educational policy - the time of "states' rights" was still in full sway, despite the recent
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The Office of
Education had a unifying influence on the different educational institutions of the United States, caused by supplying the leaders of the institutions with information that enabled them to know of the practices of other institutions. The direct organizational descendant of the Office of
219:, and it would take several other domestic and foreign crises in the coming decades to bring a sense of a more centralized and national policy to the forefront to make up for increasingly embarrassing shortfalls in comparison between America and overseas educational programs, especially in Europe.
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The original non-Cabinet-level
Department of Education was created to provide educational information to the state and local education authorities (many of which had already been established and created during the preceding decades on the state, city, town and county levels). The collecting of
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introduced a bill for the establishment, through the aid of public land grants, of State colleges throughout the country primarily for the teaching of agriculture and the mechanical arts. On Monday, February 1, 1858, a petition of the
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was presented to the Senate "praying that a donation of land be made to each of the States for the establishment of agricultural colleges." Neither of the proposals was accepted until the time of the 16th
President, with the
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in which there had already been historically established a direct and prominent national
Federal role and obligation towards the treatment and education of Indians as well as all of the facilities in all of the other places.
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245:), other governmental officials and certain other persons. In 1875, 20,000 copies of the Report for 1874 were printed; 5,000 copies for the use of members of the
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administration (1861–65), after which it became necessary to gather information on the many schools already in existence, as well as on those being built.
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In 1972, Public Law 92-318 provided the repeal of the law which had created the Office of
Education. The repeal took effect on July 1, 1972.
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162:, the 34th chief executive. Barnard's personal book collection, later purchased by the Bureau, was the nucleus of what would become the
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338:"From Civic Imperative to Bird's-Eye View: Renegotiating the Idioms of Education Governance during the Reconstruction Era"
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The Office gathered information on diverse educational facilities such as those being built (i.e. the famous
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was required to prepare a Report annually, which was printed and given to members of
Congress (
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from 1870 to 1929), where it would remain until 1939 when transferred to the newly created
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92:
34:
289:(NCES), part of the Institute of Education Sciences in the U.S. Department of Education.
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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at the
National Library of Education website. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
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in 1867. On June 30, 1869, the Department lost its independent status and became the
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17:
253:, and 5,000 copies for the use of the Commissioner of Education and their Office.
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who remained Commissioner until 1886. In 1870, the unit began to be called the
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Addresses and Proceedings - National Education Association of the United States
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363:
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337:
114:, using the same titles as another unit which it superseded. Educator
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461:"The History of the NLE: Office of Education Library – Early Years"
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from 1867 to 1972. It is now separated into and succeeded by the
29:
485:"The History of the NLE: Library Consolidation – The HEW Library"
473:"The History of the NLE: Reorganized Office of Education Library"
268:) to bring an education and vocational/agricultural training to
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within the Department of the Interior (and temporarily renamed
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The Bureau, and later Office, of Education was a unit of the
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in 1929. By 1979, under the administration of 39th President
166:. Barnard resigned on March 15, 1870, and was replaced by
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was largely responsible for Congress creating the Office.
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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
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Copy of 1867 Department of Education Act As Enacted
501:Archived: National Library of Education - History
568:Defunct agencies of the United States government
152:U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
110:The Office was created on March 2, 1867, as the
249:, 10,000 copies for the use of members of the
8:
534:Bureau of Education Government Documents at
192:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
174:. The Bureau reverted to the original name
583:1972 disestablishments in the United States
37:poster promoting the Bureau of Education's
521:"Education, United States Bureau of"
226:, therefore it was under the aegis of the
573:History of education in the United States
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182:, old H.E.W. was split with a continuing
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536:Texas Tech University, from 1870 to 2013
287:National Center for Education Statistics
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124:United States Commissioner of Education
71:Department of Health and Human Services
27:U.S. education agency from 1867 to 1972
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158:and his newly inaugurated successor,
67:United States Department of Education
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154:in April 1953, under 33rd President
336:Steudeman, Michael J. (May 2018).
190:was set off along with a separate
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258:Carlisle Indian Industrial School
213:Progressive and liberal Democrats
394:Dictionary of American Biography
61:of the United States within the
39:United States School Garden Army
224:U.S. Department of the Interior
88:Ohio State Board of Agriculture
63:U.S. Department of the Interior
553:New International Encyclopedia
342:History of Education Quarterly
146:, until the setting-up of the
142:" programs of 32nd President,
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264:in the east and near western
188:U. S. Department of Education
164:National Library of Education
388:Bowerman, Sarah G. (1935).
122:was appointed as the first
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513:Seven pages of information
419:Wilson, J. Ormond (1900).
148:Presidential Cabinet-level
57:, was a small unit in the
235:Commissioner of Education
228:Secretary of the Interior
106:Inception and development
251:House of Representatives
49:, at times known as the
518:John H. Cornyn (1920).
136:Federal Security Agency
112:Department of Education
51:Department of Education
527:Encyclopedia Americana
277:Dissolution and legacy
262:Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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176:"Office of Education"
172:"Bureau of Education"
144:Franklin D. Roosevelt
81:In 1857, Congressman
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548:38th-43rd Congresses
194:, also still in the
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209:Radical Republicans
132:Bureau of Education
128:Office of Education
55:Bureau of Education
47:Office of Education
18:Bureau of Education
355:10.1017/heq.2018.3
138:(F.S.A.), in the "
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301:, (1953–79)
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495:References
293:Successors
168:John Eaton
77:Background
364:0018-2680
217:Civil War
202:Functions
100:Civil War
431:: 713–15
400:: 561–62
140:New Deal
69:and the
53:and the
542:Sources
196:Cabinet
93:Lincoln
83:Morrill
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247:Senate
41:(1918)
323:Notes
437:2014
406:2014
360:ISSN
241:and
233:The
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