460:
1011:
951:
1002:
971:
431:
991:
694:
422:
471:
654:
634:
1230:
665:
685:
1325:
942:
480:
442:
674:
50:
982:
625:
962:
451:
645:
1837:
826:
was a mainly soft-bodied swimming predator which was gigantic for its time (up to 70 cm = 2ÂĽ feet long; some later species were 3 times as long); the soft, segmented body had a pair of broad fin-like flaps along each side, except that the last 3 segments had a pair of fans arranged in a V shape.
1367:
Trace fossils are associated with many
Burgess Shale-type deposits. They are often associated with the innards of soft-bodied organisms, and are particularly prevalent under the carapaces of bivalved arthropods. Burrowing organisms seem to have used the high-sulfur decay fluids as a nutrient source
1256:
made the audience laugh. The reconstruction showed a soft-bodied animal with: a slim, segmented body; a pair of flap-like appendages on each segment with gills above the flaps, except that the last 3 segments had no gills and the flaps formed a tail; five stalked eyes; a backward-facing mouth under
839:
apparently had no legs, and the grooved patches which are thought to have acted as gills were at the bases of the flaps, or even overlapping on to its back. The two eyes were on relatively long horizontal stalks; the mouth lay under the head and was a round-cornered square of plates which could not
1107:
The shelled fossils in the
Burgess Shale are similar in proportions to other shelly fossil deposits; however, they are a minor component of the biota, accounting for only 14% of the Burgess Shale fossils. When organisms that were not preserved are entered into the equation, the shelly fossils
861:
Nearly half of the
Chengjiang fossil species are arthropods, few of which had the hard, mineral-reinforced exoskeletons found in most later marine arthropods; only about 3% of the organisms known from Chengjiang have hard shells, and most of those are trilobites (although
1148:
is assumed to have been a mainly benthic (bottom-dwelling) creature that swam just above the ocean floor and used its appendages to scavenge or capture prey. It may be a member of the arachnomorphs, a group of arthropods that includes the chelicerates and
378:
The fauna of the middle
Cambrian has a cosmopolitan range. All assemblages preserving soft-part anatomy have a very similar fauna, even though they span almost every continent. The wide distribution has been attributed to the advent of pelagic larvae.
403:. Assemblages are typically diverse, with the most famous localities each containing in the region of 150 described species. The fauna of the Burgess Shale lived in the photic zone, as bottom-dwelling photosynthesisers are present in the assemblage.
607:. The outer parts of the top surfaces of the flaps have grooved areas which are thought to have acted as gills. Under each flap there is a short, fleshy leg. This arrangement suggests the animals are related to
2049:; Nielsen, A. T.; Smith, M. P.; Vinther, J. (2012). "Nonbiomineralized carapaces in Cambrian seafloor landscapes (Sirius Passet, Greenland): Opening a new window into early Phanerozoic benthic ecology".
1111:
Arthropods are the most abundant and diverse group of organisms in the
Burgess Shale, followed closely by sponges. Many Burgess Shale fossils are unusual and difficult to classify, for example:
1100:, which was largely responsible for non-scientists' awareness of the Cambrian explosion. The fossils date from the mid Cambrian, about 515 million years ago and 10 million years later than the
777:
date to between 525 million and 520 million years ago, about the middle of the early
Cambrian epoch, a few million years after Sirius Passet and at least 10 million years earlier than the
1132:
was a tiny animal (7 mm to 23 mm long) with: a head shield; a slim, segmented body covered on top by armor plates; a paddle-like tail; 3 pairs of legs under the head shield; a
840:
close completely; and in front of the mouth were two jointed appendages which were shaped like a shrimp's body, curved backwards and with short spines on the inside of the curve.
1144:; a pair of relatively large appendages at the front of the head shield, each with a pronounced "elbow" and ending in four long spines which may have functioned as "fingers".
1888:
Gaines, R; Kennedy, M; Droser, M (2005). "A New
Hypothesis for Organic Preservation of Burgess Shale Taxa in the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation, House Range, Utah".
1120:
is the most common fossil, but
Whittington's re-analysis showed that it belonged to none of the known marine arthropod groups (trilobites, crustaceans,
2125:
1718:
342:
1550:
Shu DG, Luo HL, Conway Morris S, Zhang XL, Hu SX, Chen L, Han J, Zhu M, Li Y, Chen LZ (1999). "Lower
Cambrian Vertebrates from South China".
1515:
1261:
which extended from under the front of the head and ended in a "claw" fringed with spines. Subsequent research has concluded that
1385:
Orr, P.; Benton, Michael J.; Briggs, Derek E.G. (2003). "Post-Cambrian
Closure of the Deep-Water Slope-Basin Taphonomic Window".
363:
62:
1974:
2261:
2046:
1368:
when farming bacteria in the microenvironment under the carapaces, indicated by their repeated uses of individual burrows.
2118:
1427:
Han, J; Zhang, Z.-F.; Liu, J.-N. (2008). "A preliminary note on the dispersal of the Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas".
289:
1246:
But the "weird wonders", creatures that resembled nothing known in the 1970s, attracted the most publicity, for example:
387:
The fauna is composed of a range of soft-bodied organisms; creatures with hard, mineralised skeletons are rare, although
1157:
was a soft-bodied animal which is classified as a trilobite because its appendages (legs, mouth-parts) are very similar.
132:
109:
72:
459:
335:
548:
which was formed about 527 million years ago. Its most common fossils are arthropods, but there is only a handful of
1010:
1001:
603:
because they have long, soft, segmented bodies with a pair of broad fin-like flaps on most segments and a pair of
1083:
595:
589:
2111:
1141:
206:
2266:
1823:
Taylor, R.S. (1999). "'Waptiid' Arthropods and the Significance of Bivalved Carapaces in the Lower Cambrian".
1531:
Budd, G.E. (1997). "Stem Group Arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Fauna of North Greenland". In
950:
850:
but considerably larger than most other Chengjiang animals. Both are thought to have been powerful predators.
858:
looks like a long-legged caterpillar with spines on its back, and almost certainly crawled on the seabed.
328:
2099:. Open-File Report. 81–743. U.S. Geological Survey: 47–49. USGS Library Call Number (200) R29o no.81-743.
1733:
1096:
990:
1750:
Caron, J-B; Jackson, D.A (2008). "Paleoecology of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale".
970:
2058:
1986:
1897:
1862:
1759:
1652:
1602:
1593:
Shu D, Zhang X, Chen L (1996). "Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest known hemichordate".
1559:
1436:
1394:
1182:
1087:
308:
430:
1703:
94:
2089:
693:
470:
421:
2020:
1676:
1618:
1575:
275:
248:
653:
633:
2235:
2152:
2012:
1954:
1668:
1511:
1091:
766:
89:
2193:
2188:
2177:
2066:
2002:
1994:
1944:
1936:
1905:
1870:
1767:
1695:
1660:
1610:
1567:
1483:
1475:
1444:
1402:
1284:
1269:, closely related to the arthropods and possibly even closer to ancestors of the arthropods.
1222:
1101:
774:
758:
1229:
1181:. It is uncertain whether these animals are related or acquired bivalve-like carapaces by
885:
119:
114:
1696:
2062:
1990:
1901:
1866:
1763:
1656:
1606:
1563:
1440:
1398:
684:
664:
17:
1949:
1924:
1874:
1532:
1488:
1463:
1308:
1211:
1079:
790:
770:
541:
400:
392:
222:
198:
181:
99:
1464:"Colour in Burgess Shale animals and the effect of light on evolution in the Cambrian"
1324:
2255:
1356:
1303:
1240:
1217:
1075:
842:
800:
778:
711:
600:
537:
527:
358:
240:
162:
103:
41:
673:
479:
441:
2230:
2147:
2028:
2024:
1680:
1622:
1579:
1279:
1273:
1121:
1046:
1028:
917:
913:
897:
854:
822:
815:
741:
503:
491:
257:
1283:
were first found in the Burgess Shale, but older specimens have been found in the
1909:
1771:
2157:
2097:
Short Papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981
941:
810:
735:
729:
497:
314:
156:
981:
624:
49:
2214:
1719:"The community structure of the Middle Cambrian Phyllopod Bed (Burgess Shale)"
1694:
Hou, X.-G.; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J.; Feng, X.-H. (2004).
1173:
1167:
961:
909:
905:
893:
889:
881:
864:
723:
717:
705:
565:
561:
515:
303:
227:
191:
151:
1448:
788:, the phylum to which all vertebrates belong. The 8 chordate species include
2172:
2162:
1789:(Trilobitoidea) from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia".
1288:
1258:
1052:
747:
576:
549:
545:
521:
509:
388:
146:
2016:
1958:
1940:
1672:
1479:
450:
2134:
1637:
1252:
1235:
1206:
1202:
1178:
1116:
1040:
1022:
925:
921:
901:
896:, a fan-like filter which occupied about of half of the internal space),
877:
795:
785:
608:
553:
233:
216:
140:
1998:
1664:
1108:
probably represent about 2% of the animals that were alive at the time.
2225:
2209:
2204:
1311:, i.e. fairly closely related to the ancestors of molluscs (see above).
1266:
1189:
1153:
1064:
805:
569:
396:
2007:
552:
species. There are also very few species with hard parts: trilobites,
2070:
1614:
1406:
1197:
1161:
1128:
1058:
1034:
873:
784:
The Chengjiang sediments provide what are currently the oldest-known
762:
604:
581:
557:
1299:
in most respects (except the eyes and feeding mechanisms)—see above.
391:
are quite commonly found. The major soft-bodied groups are sponges,
644:
2103:
1571:
1137:
2107:
1636:
Moysiuk, Joseph; Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2017).
1925:"Skimming the surface with Burgess Shale arthropod locomotion"
1319:
48:
1140:
under each body segment, probably used for swimming and/or
1193:
was a chelicerate-like arthropod with a long, narrow tail.
1929:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1468:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1336:
370:" covers assemblages based on taxonomic criteria only.
357:
fossil assemblages similar in character to that of the
1501:
1499:
1086:
in 1909), and the re-analysis of the Burgess Shale by
892:(these had bivalve-like shells, but fed by means of a
846:, also found at Chengjiang, was similar, smaller than
2090:"The Burgess Shale fauna as a mid-Cambrian community"
1975:"Primitive soft-bodied cephalopods from the Cambrian"
1923:
Minter, N. J.; Mangano, M. G.; Caron, J. -B. (2011).
1853:
and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group".
587:
The strangest-looking animals from Sirius Passet are
364:
preserved in a similar fashion to the Burgess Shale
1537:Arthropod Relationships – Special Volume Series 55
580:has features associated with more than one living
1890:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1752:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1825:Palaeontological Association 44th Annual Meeting
1307:is currently regarded as either a mollusc or a
757:There are several Cambrian fossil sites in the
2088:Conway Morris, S. (1981). Taylor, M. E (ed.).
2040:
2038:
2119:
336:
8:
1785:Whittington, H.B. (1971). "Redescription of
773:which preserves soft tissues very well. The
2143:
2126:
2112:
2104:
343:
329:
29:
2006:
1948:
1698:The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China
1487:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1090:and others in the 1970s was the basis of
1355:Other fauna include the Middle Cambrian
1239:, one of the strangest animals from the
1228:
1638:"Hyoliths are Palaeozoic lophophorates"
1377:
1250:Whittington's first presentation about
39:
1849:Budd, G.E. (1996). "The morphology of
1257:the head; a long, flexible, hose-like
765:province. The most significant is the
1808:Briggs D, Erwin D, Collier F (1994).
1209:until the discovery of the fish-like
7:
1791:Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin
1474:(1400). The Royal Society: 967–972.
1973:Smith, M. R.; Caron, J. B. (2010).
1875:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01831.x
25:
1136:flap-like appendage fringed with
599:. They are generally regarded as
27:Fossilized fauna of Burgess shale
2045:Mangano, M. G.; Bromley, R. G.;
1810:The Fossils of the Burgess Shale
1323:
1009:
1000:
989:
980:
969:
960:
949:
940:
692:
683:
672:
663:
652:
643:
632:
623:
605:segmented appendages at the rear
478:
469:
458:
449:
440:
429:
420:
1078:was the first of the Cambrian
884:(burrowing "worms" which were
1:
1838:Palaeontology's hidden agenda
1205:, and was the earliest-known
355:A number of assemblages bear
290:Cambrian substrate revolution
1910:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.07.034
1772:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.023
1732:(3): 423–467. Archived from
916:with small conical shells),
794:, possibly a very primitive
110:Mount Stephen trilobite beds
1510:. Oxford University Press.
1287:. They are now regarded as
2283:
1717:Conway Morris, S. (1986).
1539:. Systematics Association.
1506:Conway Morris, S. (1998).
804:, which may be related to
584:, and is discussed below.
2141:
1020:Clockwise from top left:
703:Clockwise from top left:
489:Clockwise from top left:
1508:The Crucible of Creation
1449:10.1016/j.gr.2007.09.001
814:may be the oldest-known
368:Burgess Shale-type fauna
18:Burgess Shale type fauna
1535:; Thomas, R.H. (eds.).
1357:Wheeler Shale Formation
924:(horseshoe worms), and
872:trilobite). Many other
1941:10.1098/rspb.2011.1986
1702:. Blackwell. pp.
1480:10.1098/rspb.1998.0385
1462:Parker, A. R. (1998).
1243:
362:. While many are also
84:Geology and localities
53:
2262:Burgess Shale animals
1232:
1201:resembled the modern
1082:to be discovered (by
270:Evolutionary concepts
52:
1812:. Smithsonian Books.
1183:convergent evolution
309:Convergent evolution
2063:2012Geo....40..519M
1999:10.1038/nature09068
1991:2010Natur.465..469S
1935:(1733): 1613–1620.
1902:2005PPP...220..193G
1867:1996Letha..29....1B
1764:2008PPP...258..222C
1665:10.1038/nature20804
1657:2017Natur.541..394M
1607:1996Natur.380..428S
1564:1999Natur.402...42S
1441:2008GondR..14..269H
1399:2003Geo....31..769O
1295:is very similar to
412:Sirius Passet fauna
95:Cathedral Formation
34:Part of a series on
1787:Marrella splendens
1335:. You can help by
1244:
1233:Reconstruction of
761:county of China's
276:Cambrian explosion
249:Small shelly fauna
54:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:
1985:(7297): 469–472.
1651:(7637): 394–397.
1601:(6573): 428–430.
1429:Gondwana Research
1353:
1352:
1177:had bivalve-like
1068:
876:are found there:
767:Maotianshan shale
751:
531:
399:, arthropods and
353:
352:
90:Stephen Formation
16:(Redirected from
2274:
2144:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2075:
2074:
2071:10.1130/G32853.1
2047:Harper, D. A. T.
2042:
2033:
2032:
2027:. Archived from
2010:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1896:(1–2): 193–205.
1885:
1879:
1878:
1851:Opabinia regalis
1846:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1615:10.1038/380428a0
1590:
1584:
1583:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1435:(1–2): 269–276.
1424:
1411:
1410:
1407:10.1130/G19193.1
1382:
1348:
1345:
1327:
1320:
1285:Chengjiang fauna
1223:Chengjiang fauna
1102:Chengjiang fauna
1019:
1013:
1004:
993:
984:
973:
964:
953:
944:
908:(comb jellies),
886:ambush predators
775:Chengjiang fauna
702:
696:
687:
676:
667:
656:
647:
636:
627:
615:Chengjiang fauna
488:
482:
473:
462:
453:
444:
433:
424:
345:
338:
331:
102:(containing the
30:
21:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2219:
2198:
2182:
2137:
2135:Cambrian Period
2132:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2082:Further sources
2079:
2078:
2044:
2043:
2036:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1558:(6757): 42–46.
1549:
1548:
1544:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1333:needs expansion
1318:
1309:lophotrochozoan
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
994:
986:
985:
976:
975:
974:
966:
965:
956:
955:
954:
946:
945:
934:
900:(arrow worms),
755:
754:
753:
752:
699:
698:
697:
689:
688:
679:
678:
677:
669:
668:
659:
658:
657:
649:
648:
639:
638:
637:
629:
628:
617:
535:
534:
533:
532:
485:
484:
483:
475:
474:
465:
464:
463:
455:
454:
446:
445:
436:
435:
434:
426:
425:
414:
409:
401:anomalocaridids
385:
376:
349:
320:
319:
271:
263:
262:
223:Anomalocaridids
177:
169:
168:
135:
125:
124:
120:Stanley Glacier
115:Odaray Mountain
85:
77:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2057:(6): 519–522.
2034:
2031:on 2016-01-27.
1964:
1915:
1880:
1841:
1830:
1815:
1800:
1777:
1758:(3): 222–256.
1742:
1739:on 2011-07-16.
1709:
1686:
1628:
1585:
1542:
1523:
1516:
1495:
1454:
1412:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1330:
1328:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1300:
1270:
1227:
1226:
1212:Myllokunmingia
1194:
1186:
1158:
1150:
1125:
1097:Wonderful Life
1018:
1017:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
997:
988:
987:
979:
978:
977:
968:
967:
959:
958:
957:
948:
947:
939:
938:
937:
936:
935:
933:
930:
880:(sponges) and
791:Myllokunmingia
701:
700:
691:
690:
682:
681:
680:
671:
670:
662:
661:
660:
651:
650:
642:
641:
640:
631:
630:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
616:
613:
487:
486:
477:
476:
468:
467:
466:
457:
456:
448:
447:
439:
438:
437:
428:
427:
419:
418:
417:
416:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Example faunas
405:
393:palaeoscolecid
384:
381:
375:
372:
351:
350:
348:
347:
340:
333:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
311:
306:
300:
299:
297:
293:
292:
286:
285:
283:
279:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
251:
245:
244:
237:
230:
225:
220:
212:
211:
209:
203:
202:
199:Vernanimalcula
195:
187:
186:
184:
182:Ediacara biota
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
159:
154:
149:
144:
136:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
100:Walcott Quarry
97:
92:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
70:
65:
59:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2279:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:Palaeontology
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:10.1038/46965
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1517:0-19-850256-7
1513:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1344:February 2009
1338:
1334:
1331:This section
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1304:Odontogriphus
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:Burgess Shale
1238:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:Haikouichthys
1214:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Burgess Shale
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1003:
992:
983:
972:
963:
952:
943:
932:Burgess Shale
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:Echinodermata
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
859:
857:
856:
851:
849:
845:
844:
843:Amplectobelua
838:
835:(see above),
834:
830:
825:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
802:
801:Haikouichthys
797:
793:
792:
787:
782:
780:
779:Burgess Shale
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
750:
749:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
712:Orthrozanclus
708:
707:
695:
686:
675:
666:
655:
646:
635:
626:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
601:anomalocarids
598:
597:
592:
591:
585:
583:
579:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Sirius Passet
530:
529:
528:Phragmochaeta
524:
523:
518:
517:
512:
511:
506:
505:
500:
499:
494:
493:
481:
472:
461:
452:
443:
432:
423:
411:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
360:
359:Burgess Shale
346:
341:
339:
334:
332:
327:
326:
324:
323:
316:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
259:
258:Helcionellids
256:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
241:Odontogriphus
238:
236:
235:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
218:
214:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:
194:
193:
189:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
176:Key organisms
173:
172:
165:
164:
163:Odontogriphus
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
129:
128:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
105:
104:Phyllopod bed
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
81:
80:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
58:
57:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:Burgess Shale
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
2267:Lagerstätten
2231:Jiangshanian
2148:Terreneuvian
2096:
2054:
2050:
2029:the original
1982:
1978:
1967:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1734:the original
1729:
1725:
1712:
1697:
1689:
1648:
1644:
1631:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1533:Fortey, R.A.
1526:
1507:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1432:
1428:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1366:
1354:
1341:
1337:adding to it
1332:
1302:
1296:
1293:Anomalocaris
1292:
1280:Hallucigenia
1278:
1274:Anomalocaris
1272:
1262:
1251:
1245:
1234:
1216:
1210:
1196:
1188:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1122:chelicerates
1115:
1110:
1106:
1095:
1080:lagerstätten
1073:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1047:Anomalocaris
1045:
1039:
1033:
1029:Hallucigenia
1027:
1021:
918:Nematomorpha
914:Lophophorata
912:, Hyolitha (
898:Chaetognatha
869:
863:
860:
855:Hallucigenia
853:
852:
848:Anomalocaris
847:
841:
837:Anomalocaris
836:
833:Pambdelurion
832:
829:Kerygmachela
828:
823:Anomalocaris
821:
820:
816:hemichordate
809:
799:
789:
783:
756:
746:
742:Microdictyon
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
611:arthropods.
596:Kerygmachela
594:
590:Pambdelurion
588:
586:
575:
574:
536:
526:
520:
514:
508:
504:Kerygmachela
502:
496:
492:Tamisiocaris
490:
386:
377:
367:
366:, the term "
356:
354:
315:crown groups
239:
232:
215:
207:Burgess-type
197:
190:
161:
139:
67:
63:Preservation
33:
2158:Miaolingian
1861:(1): 1–14.
1316:Other fauna
1149:trilobites.
1142:respiration
1088:Whittington
890:Brachiopoda
870:soft-bodied
811:Yunnanozoon
771:lagerstätte
736:Leanchoilia
730:Yunnanozoon
566:echinoderms
562:brachiopods
542:lagerstätte
498:Xystoscolex
383:Composition
2256:Categories
2215:Guzhangian
2008:1807/32368
1393:(9): 769.
1372:References
1363:Ichnofauna
1221:among the
1174:Plenocaris
1168:Canadaspis
906:Ctenophora
894:lophophore
882:Priapulida
865:Misszhouia
759:Chengjiang
724:Misszhouia
718:Vetulicola
706:Fuxianhuia
516:Aaveqaspis
389:trilobites
304:Cladistics
228:Halwaxiids
192:Kimberella
157:Opabiniids
152:Halwaxiids
147:Radiodonts
2173:Fortunian
2163:Furongian
1359:of Utah.
1259:proboscis
1179:carapaces
1053:Olenoides
922:Phoronida
786:chordates
748:Lyrarapax
577:Halkieria
564:, and no
550:trilobite
546:Greenland
522:Halkieria
510:Ooedigera
313:Stem and
2236:Stage 10
2153:Series 2
2017:20505727
1959:22072605
1673:28077871
1297:Opabinia
1289:lobopods
1263:Opabinia
1253:Opabinia
1236:Opabinia
1207:chordate
1203:lancelet
1117:Marrella
1094:'s book
1041:Sidneyia
1023:Marrella
926:Protista
902:Cnidaria
878:Porifera
806:lampreys
796:agnathid
609:biramous
570:molluscs
554:hyoliths
397:lobopods
234:Opabinia
217:Marrella
141:Marrella
2226:Paibian
2210:Drumian
2205:Wuliuan
2194:Stage 4
2189:Stage 3
2178:Stage 2
2059:Bibcode
2051:Geology
2025:4421029
1987:Bibcode
1950:3282348
1898:Bibcode
1863:Bibcode
1855:Lethaia
1797:: 1–24.
1760:Bibcode
1681:4409157
1653:Bibcode
1623:4368647
1603:Bibcode
1580:4402854
1560:Bibcode
1489:1689164
1437:Bibcode
1395:Bibcode
1387:Geology
1267:lobopod
1190:Molaria
1154:Naraoia
1084:Walcott
1065:Wiwaxia
827:Unlike
558:sponges
395:worms,
133:Fossils
73:History
2093:(djvu)
2023:
2015:
1979:Nature
1957:
1947:
1679:
1671:
1645:Nature
1621:
1595:Nature
1578:
1552:Nature
1514:
1486:
1291:, and
1198:Pikaia
1162:Waptia
1146:Yohoia
1134:single
1129:Yohoia
1059:Ottoia
1035:Waptia
763:Yunnan
582:phylum
374:Extent
296:Themes
282:Trends
2021:S2CID
1971:e.g.
1737:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
1677:S2CID
1641:(PDF)
1619:S2CID
1576:S2CID
1265:is a
1138:setae
1092:Gould
874:phyla
868:is a
540:is a
68:Biota
2013:PMID
1955:PMID
1669:PMID
1512:ISBN
1277:and
1215:and
1171:and
1074:The
831:and
798:and
769:, a
593:and
40:The
2067:doi
2003:hdl
1995:doi
1983:465
1945:PMC
1937:doi
1933:279
1906:doi
1894:220
1871:doi
1795:209
1768:doi
1756:258
1704:233
1661:doi
1649:541
1611:doi
1599:380
1568:doi
1556:402
1484:PMC
1476:doi
1472:265
1445:doi
1403:doi
1339:.
888:),
568:or
544:in
2258::
2095:.
2065:.
2055:40
2053:.
2037:^
2019:.
2011:.
2001:.
1993:.
1981:.
1977:.
1953:.
1943:.
1931:.
1927:.
1904:.
1892:.
1869:.
1859:29
1857:.
1793:.
1766:.
1754:.
1730:29
1728:.
1724:.
1675:.
1667:.
1659:.
1647:.
1643:.
1617:.
1609:.
1597:.
1574:.
1566:.
1554:.
1498:^
1482:.
1470:.
1466:.
1443:.
1433:14
1431:.
1415:^
1401:.
1391:31
1389:.
1165:,
1124:).
1104:.
1062:,
1056:,
1050:,
1044:,
1038:,
1032:,
1026:,
928:.
920:,
904:,
818:.
808:.
781:.
745:,
739:,
733:,
727:,
721:,
715:,
709:,
572:.
560:,
556:,
525:,
519:,
513:,
507:,
501:,
495:,
2127:e
2120:t
2113:v
2073:.
2069::
2061::
2005::
1997::
1989::
1961:.
1939::
1912:.
1908::
1900::
1877:.
1873::
1865::
1827:.
1774:.
1770::
1762::
1706:.
1683:.
1663::
1655::
1625:.
1613::
1605::
1582:.
1570::
1562::
1520:.
1492:.
1478::
1451:.
1447::
1439::
1409:.
1405::
1397::
1346:)
1342:(
1225:.
1185:.
344:e
337:t
330:v
106:)
20:)
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