316:
483:
337:
324:
the desired level of protection without exceeding the 35,000 ton displacement treaty limit, furthermore the weight of the superimposed quadruple "B" turret brought the stability of the vessel into question, hence the "B" turret was changed to a smaller twin mount so the weight savings could be freed up for increased armour protection. The turret and ammunition-handling facilities incorporated many anti-flash measures and interlocks, improving safety but adding to complexity. Revolving weight of mountings: quadruple Mk III 1,582 tons, twin Mk II 915 tons.
473:
400:
573:
590:
44:
328:
to problems during prolonged actions. In order to bring ammunition into the turret at any degree of train, the design included a transfer ring between the magazine and turret; this did not have sufficient clearance to allow for the ship bending and flexing. These defects were addressed, and improved clearances, improved mechanical linkages, and better training led to greater reliability in the quadruple turrets but they remained controversial.
297:
was of an all-steel construction, using a radial expansion design; this was an advance on earlier
British heavy guns, which employed a wire-wound technology. The resulting gun was lighter, less prone to droop, more accurate and had a significantly longer barrel life. The estimated barrel life was 340
327:
In service, the quad turrets proved to be less reliable than was hoped for. Wartime haste in building, insufficient clearance between the rotating and fixed structure of the turret, insufficient full calibre firing exercises and extensive arrangements to prevent flash from reaching the magazines led
323:
The choice of mounting was a mechanically complex quadruple turret (each battleship had two quadruple turrets (Mark III) and one twin turret (Mark II)). Although the class of battleships was initially designed with three quadruple turrets, it proved impossible to include this amount of firepower and
350:
On entering operational service the turrets gained an initial reputation for unreliability, with individual guns and entire turrets jamming in action. However, it has been argued that these jams were typically caused by errors in drill, either due to lack of gun crew training, as was the case when
306:
The new 14-inch Armour
Piercing (AP) 1,590-pound/ 721 kg shell had, relative to its size, superior ballistic performance and armour-penetration compared to previous British shells, due to improvements in design and material which had taken place since World War I. The shell also carried a
302:
84 lbs. Weight of gun with counterbalance: 89 tons 2 cwt 84 lbs. Weight of breech mechanism: 1 ton 17 cwt. Rifling: polygroove, 72 grooves plain section, uniform right-hand twist of 1 turn in 30 calibres. The standard propellant charge: 338 lb (153 kg) of cordite.
450:
s first salvo put 'A' turret out of action; 'B' turret soon followed; a subsequent hit penetrated the German ship's armour, detonating in one of the boiler rooms and reducing the vessel's speed. This reduction in speed meant that the
268:
which set limits on the size, armament, and number of battleships constructed by the major powers. After disappointing experiences with the combination of high velocity but relatively light shell in the
439:, a fast and actively manoeuvring target, and a further 16 fell within 200 yards – an excellent performance, even when radar-control is taken into account. The effects of the 14-inch shellfire on
1521:
1163:
458:
By being instrumental in the destruction of two modern enemy battleships, the 14-inch Mark VII gun was, arguably, one of the most successful battleship main armaments of World War II.
1244:
1180:
1171:
1019:
1176:
1040:
1536:
1167:
427:'B' turret, causing an internal explosion which blew the rear face of the turret away. Underwater survey also shows that the 350 mm (14 in) vertical armour of
702:, The German KM 38 cm/52 SK C/34 (15-inch) carried a 41.4lb bursting charge, while the USN 16-inch Mk VI 2700 lb AP shell carried a 40.9lb bursting charge
497:
467:
1516:
1012:
954:
British
Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946
900:
242:
315:
1263:
1199:
1005:
1229:
572:
1321:
1219:
1128:
961:
946:
919:
1495:
298:
effective full charges. Length of bore: 630 inches (45 calibres long). Weight of gun (without breech or counterbalance: 77 tons 14
1224:
589:
1464:
1301:
868:, all the other battleships to suffer this fate were designs dating back to World War I, with various degrees of modernisation.
482:
1253:
1194:
1326:
839:
829:
387:
835:
280:
battleships, the
British reverted to the combination of lower velocities and (relatively) heavier shells in this weapon.
1153:
365:
1234:
1148:
1102:
1097:
336:
472:
1531:
1316:
1214:
1209:
1143:
1138:
849:
488:
359:
261:
644:
to denote Marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. This was the seventh model of BL 14-inch naval gun.
399:
1526:
1390:
1204:
1078:
1073:
1049:
853:
845:
1311:
1123:
352:
270:
219:
38,600 yd (35,300 m) at 40° with new linings, or 36,500 yd (33,400 m) at 40.7° (25% wear)
997:
809:
Other battleship main armaments largely or wholly responsible for destroying battleships in WWII: the German
1443:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1347:
1189:
993:
Movie clip of RN 14" gun loading and firing procedure (NOTE : external sequences are of different guns)
810:
274:
265:
368:(1941), or due to crew fatigue resulting from the prolonged nature of the engagement, as was the case when
1296:
1133:
580:
369:
230:
184:
1459:
1438:
1433:
1291:
1273:
825:
821:
380:
49:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
43:
1407:
1352:
1281:
1028:
393:
56:
211:
Standard Charge: 2,483 ft/s (757 m/s) (new gun), 2,400 ft/s (730 m/s) (25% wear)
608:
517:
Penetration at a muzzle velocity of 2483 ft/s, guns with new linings or with no significant wear:
164:
17:
1412:
957:
942:
915:
896:
501:
1306:
1286:
1258:
249:
860:. It is notable that the only modern battleships destroyed by battleship gunfire were the
206:
975:
1417:
933:
641:
340:
1510:
1114:
1088:
970:
713:
673:
559:
299:
699:
1059:
1032:
294:
196:
319:
A 14-inch gun being removed from a Mark III quadruple turret in the
Elswick Works
431:
s conning tower was penetrated by 14-inch shells. In the Battle of North Cape,
992:
987:
238:
234:
148:
1342:
856:(combined with the BL 14-inch Mk VII naval gun) destroyed 1 battleship, the
455:
could not escape pursuit, and was responsible for her eventual destruction.
67:
932:, Warship International No. 2. Available as a web version at NavWeaps.com
814:
928:
Garzke, William H. Jr., Dulin, Robert O. Jr. and Webb, Thomas G. (1994)
423:
penetrated the 340 mm (13 in)-thick armour of the barbette of
1362:
628:
174:
307:
proportionally large bursting charge of 39.8 lb (18.1 kg).
1489:
508:
to engage German batteries across the
Channel in occupied France.
505:
481:
471:
398:
335:
314:
1001:
912:
British, Soviet, French, and Dutch
Battleships of World War II
895:(2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
884:
Nelson to
Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945
532:
389 mm (15.3 in) @ 18,288 m (20,000 yd)
529:
452 mm (17.8 in) @ 13,716 m (15,000 yd)
552:
107 mm (4.2 in) @ 25,603 m (28,000 yd)
526:
531 mm (20.9 in) @ 9,144 m (10,000 yd)
549:
89 mm (3.5 in) @ 22,860 m (25,000 yd)
546:
69 mm (2.7 in) @ 18,288 m (20,000 yd)
543:
51 mm (2.0 in) @ 13,716 m (15,000 yd)
540:
33 mm (1.3 in) @ 9,144 m (10,000 yd)
976:
http://navweaps.com/index_nathan/Penetration_index.php
154:
52 ft 6 in (16.00 m) bore (45 calibres)
910:
Garzke, William H. Jr.; Dulin, Robert O. Jr. (1980).
346:
firing guns of 'A' turret at high elevation – c. 1942
1452:
1426:
1399:
1361:
1335:
1272:
1243:
1162:
1111:
1087:
1058:
1039:
215:
205:
195:
183:
173:
163:
147:
139:
131:
126:
115:
107:
102:
94:
86:
81:
73:
63:
34:
415:, a close-range hit from a 14-inch shell fired by
1522:World War II naval weapons of the United Kingdom
435:fired 52 broadsides; of these 31 straddled the
956:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
500:, nicknamed Winnie and Pooh, were mounted as
1013:
8:
1537:Military equipment introduced in the 1940s
1020:
1006:
998:
939:World War Two at Sea: The Last Battleships
468:Cross-Channel guns in the Second World War
31:
988:Video : "Winnie" firing, Dover, 1941
443:quickly degraded her fighting abilities:
260:The choice of calibre was limited by the
747:
745:
620:
568:
403:The breech of a 14-inch gun aboard HMS
523:729 mm (28.7 in) @ 0 m (0yd)
241:in the late 1930s. This gun armed the
7:
952:Raven, Alan; Roberts, John (1976).
714:"British 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Mark VII"
674:"British 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Mark VII"
627:With 338.3 lb (153.5 kg)
143:54 ft 3 in (16.54 m)
25:
1485:5-inch 51 caliber Mark 8 gun (US)
1480:4-inch 50 caliber Mark 9 gun (US)
941:, Pen and Sword Books, Barnsley.
1517:Naval guns of the United Kingdom
820:; a combination of the American
588:
571:
42:
18:BL 14 inch / 45 mk VII naval gun
662:Raven and Roberts, pp. 285, 423
48:Gunners and forward turrets of
1348:.50 Vickers Mk III machine gun
1297:QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk VIII
893:British Battleships, 1919–1939
640:Mk VII = Mark 7. Britain used
216:Maximum firing range
135:78.99 long tons (80.26 t)
116:
1:
813:(15-inch) sank 1 battleship,
419:or a 16-inch shell fired by
366:Battle of the Denmark Strait
1492:depth charge projector (US)
1264:QF 4-inch Mk XII & XXII
1230:QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII
487:"Winnie", a 14-inch gun at
227:BL 14-inch Mk VII naval gun
169:1,590 lb (720 kg)
1553:
1475:3-inch 50 caliber gun (US)
1470:3-inch 23 caliber gun (US)
751:Garzke & Dulin, p. 228
465:
411:During the battle against
262:Second London Naval Treaty
233:(BL) gun designed for the
1254:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V
1195:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V
971:Page from Nav weapons.com
854:BL 16 inch Mk I naval gun
846:BL 15-inch Mk I naval gun
836:16"/45 caliber Mark 6 gun
800:Raven and Roberts, p. 356
739:Raven and Roberts, p. 423
690:Raven and Roberts, p. 285
653:Raven and Roberts, p. 283
179:14 inches (355.6 mm)
158:
74:Place of origin
41:
838:destroyed 1 battleship,
271:BL 16 inch /45 naval gun
1453:Foreign-sourced weapons
930:Bismarck's Final Battle
811:38 cm SK C/34 naval gun
489:St Margaret's at Cliffe
351:the newly commissioned
266:Washington Naval Treaty
248:battleships during the
1400:Anti-submarine weapons
1343:.303 Lewis machine gun
1112:Secondary armament and
782:Garzke, Dulin and Webb
493:
491:near Dover, March 1941
479:
408:
347:
320:
264:, an extension of the
197:Rate of fire
1439:Vickers K machine gun
1274:Anti-aircraft weapons
1031:naval weapons of the
886:. Chatham Publishing.
485:
475:
402:
339:
318:
1427:Small craft armament
1408:depth charge thrower
1353:QF 3-pounder Vickers
1282:Unrotated projectile
1029:British Commonwealth
891:Burt, R. A. (2012).
477:"Pooh" in March 1941
394:Battle of North Cape
207:Muzzle velocity
57:Battle of North Cape
36:BL 14-inch Mark VII
1496:Mark 8 torpedo (US)
1327:QF 4.7-inch Mk VIII
1190:QF 6-pounder 10 cwt
882:Brown, D K (2006).
848:sank 1 battleship,
834:; and the American
828:sank 1 battleship,
700:Naval Weapons index
201:2 rounds per minute
1154:BL 6-inch Mk XXIII
937:Kaplan, P. (2014)
914:. London: Jane's.
826:14"/50 caliber gun
822:16"/45 caliber gun
762:Nelson to Vanguard
609:List of naval guns
512:Armour penetration
494:
480:
409:
348:
321:
103:Production history
1532:Coastal artillery
1504:
1503:
1235:QF 4.7-inch Mk XI
1225:BL 4.7-inch Mk II
1149:BL 6-inch Mk XXII
1103:BL 8-inch Mk VIII
1098:BL 7.5-inch Mk VI
902:978-1-59114-052-8
565:Surviving example
502:coastal artillery
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
1544:
1527:356 mm artillery
1434:Molins 6-pounder
1317:QF 4-inch Mk XVI
1307:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
1287:Holman Projector
1259:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
1215:QF 4-inch Mk XIX
1210:QF 4-inch Mk XVI
1144:BL 6-inch Mk XII
1033:Second World War
1022:
1015:
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999:
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906:
887:
869:
807:
801:
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792:
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771:
765:
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749:
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737:
731:
728:
722:
721:
712:Tony DiGiulian.
709:
703:
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691:
688:
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681:
672:Tony DiGiulian.
669:
663:
660:
654:
651:
645:
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632:
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592:
575:
558:Reproduced from
496:In World War II
449:
250:Second World War
118:
46:
37:
32:
21:
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1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1448:
1444:18-inch torpedo
1422:
1395:
1376:21-inch Mk VIII
1357:
1331:
1268:
1239:
1205:BL 4-inch Mk IX
1200:QF 4-inch Mk IV
1175:
1158:
1113:
1107:
1083:
1054:
1035:
1026:
984:
964:
951:
922:
909:
903:
890:
881:
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804:
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729:
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560:Nav weapons.com
514:
492:
478:
470:
464:
447:
355:Prince of Wales
334:
313:
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258:
190:
159:
87:In service
82:Service history
59:
35:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:20 mm Oerlikon
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1391:24.5-inch Mk I
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:21-inch Mk VII
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:QF 4-inch Mk V
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:20 mm Oerlikon
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:QF 4-inch Mk V
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1046:
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1024:
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983:
982:External links
980:
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888:
877:
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871:
870:
852:; the British
844:; the British
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
753:
741:
732:
723:
704:
692:
683:
664:
655:
646:
642:Roman numerals
633:
619:
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579:On display at
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510:
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476:
466:Main article:
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460:
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309:
290:
287:
285:
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257:
254:
231:breech loading
221:
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1402:
1398:
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1386:21-inch Mk XI
1384:
1382:
1379:
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1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
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1360:
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1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:main armament
1116:
1115:light cruiser
1110:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:main armament
1090:
1089:Heavy cruiser
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:main armament
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
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989:
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963:0-87021-817-4
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947:1-4738-3628-X
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921:0-7106-0078-X
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827:
823:
819:
818:
812:
806:
803:
797:
794:
788:
785:
779:
776:
773:Kaplan, p. 88
770:
767:
763:
757:
754:
748:
746:
742:
736:
733:
730:Kaplan, p. 88
727:
724:
719:
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607:
606:
602:
596:Breech detail
591:
586:
582:
574:
569:
564:
562:
561:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
536:
531:
528:
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519:
516:
515:
511:
509:
507:
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490:
484:
474:
469:
461:
459:
456:
454:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:King George V
414:
406:
405:King George V
401:
397:
395:
391:
390:
385:
384:
378:
374:
373:
372:King George V
367:
363:
362:
357:
356:
345:
344:
338:
331:
329:
325:
317:
310:
308:
304:
301:
296:
288:
283:
281:
279:
277:
272:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
245:
244:King George V
240:
236:
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228:
218:
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210:
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125:
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97:
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80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:
45:
40:
33:
27:
19:
1465:40 mm Bofors
1406:Thornycroft
1381:21-inch Mk X
1302:40 mm Bofors
1134:QF 5.25-inch
1068:
1060:Capital ship
953:
938:
929:
911:
892:
883:
865:
861:
857:
840:
830:
816:
805:
796:
791:Burt, p. 390
787:
778:
769:
761:
756:
735:
726:
717:
707:
695:
686:
677:
667:
658:
649:
636:
623:
557:
495:
462:Coastal guns
457:
452:
445:Duke of York
444:
440:
436:
433:Duke of York
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
410:
404:
388:
383:Duke of York
382:
379:in 1941 and
376:
371:
360:
358:engaged the
354:
349:
342:
326:
322:
305:
295:built-up gun
292:
275:
259:
243:
226:
224:
191:Coastal: 45°
151: length
95:Used by
52:Duke of York
51:
26:
1322:QF 4.5-inch
1220:QF 4.5-inch
1164:Minesweeper
1139:BL 5.5-inch
1129:QF 4.5-inch
866:Scharnhorst
581:Fort Nelson
453:Scharnhorst
441:Scharnhorst
437:Scharnhorst
389:Scharnhorst
332:Performance
235:battleships
119: built
1511:Categories
1079:BL 16-inch
1074:BL 15-inch
1069:BL 14-inch
1050:BL 15-inch
876:References
764:(2006) p31
425:Bismarck's
256:Background
239:Royal Navy
189:Naval: 41°
55:after the
1363:Torpedoes
1245:Submarine
1181:Destroyer
841:Kirishima
831:Yamashiro
429:Bismarck'
396:(1943).
381:HMS
370:HMS
353:HMS
341:HMS
185:Elevation
90:1940-1951
68:Naval gun
50:HMS
29:Naval gun
1413:Hedgehog
1183:armament
1172:Corvette
862:Bismarck
858:Bismarck
850:Bretagne
824:and the
718:NavWeaps
678:NavWeaps
603:See also
498:two guns
413:Bismarck
407:in 1943.
386:engaged
377:Bismarck
375:engaged
361:Bismarck
311:Mounting
108:Designed
1177:Frigate
1041:Monitor
629:cordite
392:in the
364:in the
273:of the
237:of the
175:Calibre
960:
945:
918:
899:
760:Brown
537:Decks
421:Rodney
284:Design
278:-class
276:Nelson
246:-class
229:was a
149:Barrel
140:Length
1490:Y-gun
1418:Squid
1168:Sloop
615:Notes
520:Belt
506:Dover
504:near
448:'
343:Anson
165:Shell
1247:guns
1179:and
1043:guns
958:ISBN
943:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
864:and
817:Hood
815:HMS
293:The
225:The
132:Mass
111:1937
64:Type
300:cwt
289:Gun
117:No.
1513::
1170:,
1166:,
744:^
716:.
676:.
252:.
122:78
98:UK
77:UK
1174:,
1021:e
1014:t
1007:v
966:.
924:.
905:.
720:.
680:.
631:.
20:)
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