627:
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623:) at a range of 36,000 yards (32,918 m) and made naval history as the heaviest shell fired from the largest gun at the longest range in action. She fired 52 shells that day and found that the recoil from her 18–inch gun moved her sideways with her shallow hull and also caused her to roll, which slowed her rate of fire. She fired a total of 81 rounds before the end of the war.
655:, but she was not ready for combat until 13 October 1918. She fired three rounds the following day, but had to cease fire to avoid hitting friendly advancing troops. One round had already been loaded when the order came to cease fire so she fired it, with a reduced charge, into a minefield to seaward. A total of 85 18-inch shells were fired in action by both guns. Wear on
535:
495:
The original concept for land use involved a special elevating slide that could traverse 6° to either side. Ammunition handling, elevation and ramming were to be done via hydraulic pump, but the breech was hand-worked. The gun was to be installed in a turf-covered concrete dome with a gunport for the
491:
of monitors. He also thought that they could be used on the decks of monitors and as such a dual purpose carriage was designed for the guns, which could be used both afloat and ashore. Only a limited amount of traverse was required for either role, but elevation had to be increased to 45° to maximize
511:
After the
British Army failed to capture Westende, the mounting was optimised for use on a monitor. It was very simple, consisting of two large girders connected together at each end with the gun and its carriage between them. The mount could only traverse 10° inside its fixed, ½-inch (12.7 mm)
618:
was assigned to the Dover Patrol on 15 August 1918, but did not fire on any targets until 28 September, when a large force of monitors was gathered to harass German lines of communication. She was anchored bow and stern, broadside to her target, and had difficulties dealing with the tidal currents.
516:
and was aimed over the starboard side of the monitor. It was loaded at a fixed angle of 10°, but it could only fire between 22° and 45° to equalize the stresses on the carriage and the ship. It was provided with hydraulically powered cranes, loading tray, rammer and breech mechanism to minimize the
525:
mounted on rails, two one-sixth charges at a time, which reduced the rate of fire to about one round about every 3–4 minutes. The monitors had to be extensively modified to handle the gun. Numerous additional structural supports had to be added underneath the gun to support its weight of 384 long
602:
While the new mounting was being designed, further effort was put into the ammunition to extend the range as much as possible. Use of a supercharge, where one of the six charges was increased in weight to 165 pounds (74.8 kg), making a total of 690 pounds (313.0 kg) propellant, and
419:
The gun and its breech mechanism weighed a total of 149 long tons (151 t), almost half again as much as the 15-inch gun's 100 long tons (102 t). It was mounted in a single-gun turret, also designated as the 15-inch B, derived from the twin-gun 15-inch Mark I/N turret. The
496:
barrel. As much as possible of the gun and its mount was designed to be assembled out of range of German artillery and then moved on a special broad-gauge railway to the site on specially-designed wheels. The transportable section weighed 210 long tons (213 t).
690:, which had been modified to accept it earlier in the year, but the war ended before it was mounted, although the monitor was ordered to Portsmouth to have it fitted on 19 October. The guns were removed from the monitors in December 1920. Gun No. 1, from
444:
of 2,270 ft/s (690 m/s) to a distance of 28,900 yards (26,400 m). It could fire one round per minute. The turret's revolving mass was 826 long tons (839 t), only a slight 2% more than the 810 long tons (823 t) of its predecessor.
428:
were designed to accommodate either turret, in case problems arose with the 18-inch gun's development. The gun could depress to −3° and elevate to a maximum of 30°. Ammunition development for the gun was naturally focused on anti-ship shells for
415:
was the only company capable of manufacturing such a large gun and began design work in 1915. It was designated as the "15-inch B" to conceal its real size and was derived from the design of the 15-inch Mk I already in service.
607:
shells, with a longer, thinner ballistic cap, were ordered, but only two shells had been delivered before the end of the war. Some of the existing stock of 500 APC and 500 CPC (common, pointed, capped) shells on hand from
517:
crew's workload, but the ammunition parties had to use muscle power. The shells were stowed below deck and had to be moved by overhead rail to the hatch in the deck behind the gun to be lifted up and loaded. The
1625:
397:, for the biggest possible gun mounted on the fastest possible ship. He conceived of what he called "large light cruisers" carrying four 15-inch (380 mm) guns, which became the
1064:
377:
for coast-bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for
553:
in March 1917, before she was completed, when she was ordered to be converted to a seaplane carrier. The second gun was removed later in 1917, and she was converted into an
526:
tons (390 t); the sides had to be plated in to accommodate the additional crewmen and the interior rearranged for the 18–inch shells and the loading arrangements.
1164:
670:
and practice, with 57 being supercharges. This indicates the gun would have been good for well over 300 EFC, comparable with most other
British ordnance using
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521:
propellant charges were kept in eighteen steam-heated storage tanks mounted on the forecastle deck abaft the funnel and moved to the gun on a
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range. The concept was approved 23 September 1917, and
Elswick was ordered to design the new 'B CD' mounts for delivery in five months.
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light hull, and they became available for other uses during 1917, after trials showed the ship could not handle the stress of firing.
1021:
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increasing the elevation to 45° extended the range to about 36,900 yards (33,700 m) with the existing 4 crh shells. New 8 crh
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1199:
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394:
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had a larger calibre, 18.1 inches (46 cm), but it fired a lighter shell. The gun was a scaled-up version of the
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349:. Its barrel length of 60 ft (18 m) was just 40 calibres, slightly limiting its muzzle velocity.
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battleships. It remained in use until 1942 and was scrapped in 1947. The other two guns were used at
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697:'Y' turret, was lined down to 16 inches (410 mm) and used in cordite-proving tests for the
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were modified with the new cap and were probably the only shells used during the war.
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She opened fire on the railway bridge at
Snaeskerke (4 miles (6.4 km) south of
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was not ready to begin firing trials until 7 August. She was given the nickname of '
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and was developed to equip the "large light cruiser" (a form of battlecruiser)
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467:, conceived a plan to mount two guns inside the shell of the Palace Hotel in
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959:(2nd, revised and expanded ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
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421:
331:. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the
170:
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s gun was measured at about 0.37 in (9.4 mm) after firing 161
541:, fitted with a single, aft 18 inch gun and a forward flight deck (1917)
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587:', as the enormous gun-mount structure dominated the ship's profile.
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A total of three guns were built by
Armstrong Whitworth, two for
1046:
974:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "British Super-Heavy Guns, Part 3".
957:
Big Gun
Monitors: Design, Construction and Operations 1914–1945
507:, showing her 18-inch gun in its fixed mounting (November 1918)
352:
Only three guns were built, but they did not see combat with
598:; her BL 18 inch gun is at its full elevation, November 1918
479:, provided that the hotel was captured during the upcoming
389:
The 18-inch gun had its genesis in the insistence of the
356:
before they were removed from her and transferred to the
557:. The new 'B CD' mounts were delayed, and the mount for
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A gun and its shells being prepared for display at the
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from where they could bombard the naval facilities at
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978:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 196–201.
572:was not delivered until 20 June 1918. The gun from
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723:One mount survived and was used to mount a spare
632:Imperial War Museum and Great Victory Exhibition
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720:for similar duties; they were scrapped in 1933.
579:'A' turret was lifted aboard on 9 July, but the
433:, and it fired a 3,320-pound (1,510 kg), 4
1626:World War I naval weapons of the United Kingdom
995:The Big Gun: Battleship Main Armament 1860-1945
549:and a spare. The forward gun was removed from
483:. He planned to transport the guns across the
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8:
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1051:
1043:
42:
31:
1016:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
997:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
940:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
737:in 1940, and the combination was named "
767:
448:The guns proved to be too powerful for
7:
938:British Battleships of World War One
803:
801:
716:and Yantlet artillery ranges in the
25:
809:"Britain 18"/40 (45.7 cm) Mark I"
757:World War II Japanese 18-inch gun
411:to carry an even bigger gun. The
1611:Naval guns of the United Kingdom
287:Effective firing range
196:60 ft (18.3 m) (L/39)
1260:QF 14-pounder Maxim-Nordenfelt
298:40,500 yd (37,000 m)
295:Maximum firing range
290:31,400 yd (28,700 m)
282:2,420 ft/s (740 m/s)
150:
1:
701:, intended for the cancelled
684:'Y' turret, was intended for
666:(EFC) - 105 rounds including
212:3,320 lb (1,510 kg)
56:in a single-gun turret (1917)
1421:QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk II
1265:QF 14-pounder Mk I & II
1180:EOC 12-inch 45 cal. Mk XIII
913:Buxton, pp. 68, 74, 227–228
391:First Lord of the Admiralty
1642:
1508:Spherical Mk I, II and III
1341:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk II
1175:BL 12-inch Mk XI & XII
850:Buxton, pp. 73–74, 226–227
222:18 in (45.72 cm)
1038:page from Nav weapons.com
341:BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun
314:BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun
306:243 lb (110 kg)
200:
70:Place of origin
48:An 18-inch gun fitted to
41:
18:BL 18 inch Mk I naval gun
1447:.303 Vickers machine gun
1320:BL 7.5-inch Mk II – Mk V
1200:EOC 14-inch 45 cal. Mk I
413:Elswick Ordnance Company
185:62 ft (18.9 m)
137:Elswick Ordnance Company
120:Elswick Ordnance Company
1315:BL 6-inch Mk XIII-XVIII
1150:Vickers 10-inch 45 cal.
733:. It was emplaced near
503:A view of the stern of
481:Battle of Passchendaele
438:armour-piercing, capped
1527:Anti-submarine weapons
1462:QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
1452:QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss
1370:Merchant ship armament
1334:small cruiser armament
1243:Secondary armament and
1185:BL 13.5-inch Mk I – IV
1012:Roberts, John (1997).
993:Hodges, Peter (1981).
895:Buxton, pp. 67–68, 227
664:effective full charges
649:spare, was mounted in
639:
599:
542:
508:
404:, but he wanted their
385:Design and development
1377:QF 4.7-inch Mk I – IV
1076:naval weapons of the
725:BL 14-inch Mk VII gun
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593:
537:
502:
1457:QF 3-pounder Vickers
1295:QF 6-inch Mk I – III
1255:QF 12-pounder 18 cwt
955:Buxton, Ian (2008).
936:Burt, R. A. (1986).
727:from the battleship
677:The third gun, from
278:Muzzle velocity
1590:QF 12-pounder 8 cwt
1564:Type G Depth charge
1559:Type F Depth charge
1554:Type E Depth charge
1549:Type D Depth charge
1544:Type C Depth charge
1539:Type B Depth charge
1534:Type A Depth charge
1480:18-inch Mk V – VIII
1155:EOC 10-inch 45 cal.
1100:BL 9.2-inch Mk VIII
832:Buxton, pp. 225–226
699:BL 16-inch Mk I gun
585:Elephant and Castle
463:, commander of the
303:Filling weight
1413:Anti-aircraft guns
1195:BL 13.5-inch Mk VI
1160:BL 12-inch Mk VIII
1115:BL 12-inch Mk VIII
1110:BL 9.2-inch Mk XII
904:Buxton, p. 227–228
705:, and used in the
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440:(APC) shell, at a
233:Welin breech block
111:Production history
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1574:7.5-inch howitzer
1513:Vickers Elia mine
1382:QF 4.7-inch Mk V*
1351:BL 4-inch Mk VIII
1234:BL 9.2-inch Mk XI
1190:BL 13.5-inch Mk V
1095:BL 9.2-inch Mk VI
966:978-1-59114-045-0
877:Buxton, pp. 66–67
841:Hodges, pp. 81–82
703:G3 battlecruisers
310:
309:
258:, +22° to + 45°,
16:(Redirected from
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1616:460 mm artillery
1426:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
1403:QF 4-inch Mk XII
1361:BL 4.7-inch Mk I
1346:QF 4-inch Mk III
1310:BL 6-inch Mk XII
1300:BL 6-inch Mk VII
1290:BL 5.5-inch Mk I
1275:BL 4-inch Mk VII
1270:QF 4-inch Mk III
1229:BL 9.2-inch Mk X
1224:BL 7.5-inch Mk I
1215:Armoured cruiser
1165:BL 12-inch Mk IX
1120:BL 14-inch Mk II
1105:BL 9.2-inch Mk X
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83:In service
78:Service history
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1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:main armament
1247:
1246:light cruiser
1241:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:main armament
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:main armament
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1023:1-55750-068-1
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1004:0-87021-917-0
1000:
996:
991:
987:
985:0-85177-204-8
981:
977:
972:
968:
962:
958:
953:
949:
947:0-87021-863-8
943:
939:
934:
933:
929:
919:
916:
910:
907:
901:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
871:
865:
862:
859:Buxton, p. 73
856:
853:
847:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
814:
810:
804:
802:
798:
792:
790:
786:
780:
777:
774:Hodges, p. 83
771:
768:
761:
756:
753:
752:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
730:King George V
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
709:
704:
700:
693:
689:
688:
687:Prince Eugene
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
658:
657:General Wolfe
654:
653:
645:
637:
633:
628:
624:
622:
617:
616:General Wolfe
613:
611:
606:
597:
592:
588:
586:
582:
581:General Wolfe
575:
571:
570:
569:General Wolfe
566:
563:
561:
556:
552:
548:
540:
536:
529:
527:
524:
520:
515:
506:
501:
497:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
446:
443:
439:
436:
432:
427:
423:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
401:
396:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
375:
370:
369:
368:General Wolfe
365:
362:
360:
355:
350:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
279:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
45:
40:
33:
27:
19:
1583:Landing guns
1569:Cruiser Mine
1141:Capital ship
1130:
1013:
994:
975:
956:
937:
930:Bibliography
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
816:. Retrieved
812:
783:Burt, p. 308
779:
770:
729:
722:
714:Shoeburyness
707:
691:
686:
678:
676:
656:
651:
643:
641:
631:
615:
614:
609:
601:
595:
580:
573:
568:
559:
550:
546:
544:
538:
510:
504:
494:
465:Dover Patrol
449:
447:
430:
425:
418:
408:
399:
388:
373:
367:
358:
353:
351:
345:
323:used by the
313:
311:
259:
255:
193: length
134:Manufacturer
91:Used by
51:
26:
1518:Type H mine
976:Warship III
406:half-sister
329:World War I
321:naval rifle
153: built
105:World War I
1605:Categories
1122:(US built)
672:Cordite MD
652:Lord Clive
596:Lord Clive
560:Lord Clive
514:gun shield
505:Lord Clive
400:Courageous
374:Lord Clive
359:Lord Clive
325:Royal Navy
260:Lord Clive
173:(151
95:Royal Navy
54: (47)
1472:Torpedoes
1330:Destroyer
741:", after
594:On board
473:Zeebrugge
422:barbettes
335:Japanese
250:Elevation
171:long tons
145:1916–1920
129:1915–1916
86:1918–1947
65:Naval gun
50:HMS
29:Naval gun
749:See also
469:Westende
364:monitors
268:Traverse
142:Produced
126:Designed
116:Designer
1086:Monitor
692:Furious
679:Furious
644:Furious
634:at the
610:Furious
574:Furious
565:monitor
551:Furious
547:Furious
539:Furious
530:Service
519:cordite
457:Admiral
450:Furious
431:Furious
426:Furious
409:Furious
379:cordite
354:Furious
346:Furious
327:during
256:Furious
218:Caliber
52:Furious
1020:
1001:
982:
963:
944:
818:4 June
710:-class
708:Nelson
621:Ostend
562:-class
477:Bruges
361:-class
316:was a
240:Recoil
228:Breech
209:weight
191:Barrel
182:Length
1500:Mines
762:Notes
735:Dover
695:'
682:'
668:proof
660:'
647:'
577:'
523:bogie
453:'
402:class
262:class
207:Shell
1088:guns
1018:ISBN
999:ISBN
980:ISBN
961:ISBN
942:ISBN
820:2016
739:Pooh
475:and
459:Sir
371:and
312:The
169:149
166:Mass
101:Wars
62:Type
1332:and
435:crh
424:of
272:10°
151:No.
1607::
811:.
800:^
788:^
745:.
674:.
393:,
1066:e
1059:t
1052:v
1026:.
1007:.
988:.
969:.
950:.
822:.
177:)
175:t
156:3
20:)
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