286:
473:
156:
373:
143:), and hence the need for abbreviations is greatly diminished; if an abbreviation is used at all, the uncontroversial standard abbreviation "DE" for "Deutschland" is often used. However, since the end of the Cold War the term "BRD" has lost some of its potency as an insult intended to attack the Federal Republic of Germany, as it was used by East Germany and far-left terrorists such as the Red Army Faction, and the term "BRD" has been listed in the German dictionary
724:
600:
500:, this was a key doctrine in the foreign policy of West Germany after 1955, which prescribed that the Federal Republic of Germany would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR. Although this changed after 1973, with the Federal Republic no longer asserting an
126:
term following its widespread use in East
Germany since 1968; thus the term was regarded as a possible expression of an extremist, anti-constitutional and anti-democratic sentiment by West German authorities. The term was not banned by law, but its use was discouraged or forbidden in schools in West
630:
or "Greater Berlin", but changed this "Berlin (West)", although it also used the hyphenated "West-Berlin". However, the East German government commonly referred to it as "Westberlin". Starting from 31 May 1961, East Berlin was officially called
58:
1200:
651:
or "Eastern Sector". These different naming conventions for the divided parts of Berlin, when followed by individuals, governments, or media, commonly indicated their political leanings, with the centre-right
539:
be avoided. On 31 May 1974 the heads of the federal and state governments recommended that the full name should always be used in official publications. In
November 1979 the federal government informed the
555:
Under the West German federal system, the states were generally responsible for school education, and by the 1970s, some of them had either already recommended omitting the initialism, or, in the case of
1330:
The Two
Germanies: Rivals struggle for Germany's soul - As worries surface in Bonn about the influx from the East, there are anxieties across Europe about the likely economic and international effects
884:
226:
or "German
Federal Republic" (abbreviated "DBR"), because they also considered East Germany part of Germany, and thus would not permit the West German government to use the name "Germany".
285:
403:("BRD? No Thanks!"). Thus in the West the initialism became even more objectionable and using it was often considered either unreflecting or even expressing naïve Communist sympathies.
127:
Germany from the 1970s, and treated as an error. As a result of its use by East
Germany and the war on the abbreviation by the West German government, far-left terrorists such as the
79:
until 1990, and just
Germany since reunification. It was occasionally used in the Federal Republic itself during the early Cold War; it was commonly used between 1968 and 1990 by the
1132:
Wörter und
Wortgebrauch in Ost und West: ein rechnergestütztes Korpus-Wörterbuch zu Zeitungstexten aus den beiden deutschen Staaten : Die Welt und Neues Deutschland 1949-1974
591:
found, this debate on the initialism had little influence on changing the West German parlance with the usage of the initialism - in any event limited - unaffected by the debate.
351:, at which its flag and anthem were used for the first time Until 1959, the GDR had used an identical flag to that of the Federal Republic, before adopting a version with the
755:, a language closely related to Slovak, but the Slovak authorities claimed that "Federal Republic of Germany" could not be translated grammatically into Slovak. However, the
607:
A similar ideological question was the question whether to use "Berlin (West)" (the officially preferred name) or "West Berlin", and even whether to write "West Berlin" in
1666:
385:
1454:
214:
began to enter into such regular usage in West German scientific and ministerial circles, that it was added to the western edition of the German language dictionary
147:
as an "unofficial abbreviation" for the
Federal Republic of Germany since the 1990s, and is occasionally used by national newspapers across the political spectrum.
1158:
181:
1512:
1596:
892:
87:(East Germany), resulting in a strong deprecation of its use in West Germany. The East German regime had previously used the term "German Federal Republic" (
222:
or "West
Germany" (abbreviated "WD") for the Federal Republic of Germany, but since the 1950s the East German government insisted on calling West Germany
1130:
406:
As a result, the initialism reached only occasional frequency in West German parlance. In order to be precise West
Germans increasingly used the terms
131:
tended to use the term as a way to attack West Germany; additionally the term "BRD" has been used by some far-right groups for the same purpose. After
122:
was strongly discouraged by the authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany itself from the 1970s, because it was considered to be a derogatory
1114:
639:, or simply "Berlin", by East Germany, and "Berlin (Ost)" by the West German Federal government. Other names used by West German media included
210:. Starting in June 1949 the abbreviation was sometimes used in the Federal Republic of Germany without any special connotations. The initialism
206:
Therefore, the term Germany had an importance as part of the official name, which is reflected in the naming conventions which developed in the
913:
1439:
95:), which it abbreviated as "DBR", to refer to West Germany. The most widely used abbreviation for West Germany in the country itself was its
1661:
675:
803:
588:
524:
embassies headed by ambassadors. Similarly, relations with the GDR were not conducted through the Foreign Office, but through a separate
1406:
1389:
1375:
384:
fitted perfectly into the official East German policy of downplaying the concept of a united Germany. In 1974, the GDR had replaced the
525:
195:
did so. However the latter was prevented by Allied objection on account of the city being a quadripartite allied occupation area. The
572:
decided on 12 February 1981 to not print the initialism in books, maps, and atlases for schools. with pupils being required to write
19:
This article is about the Cold War-era abbreviation for the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). For the current country, see
827:
1031:
1608:
1144:
603:
Map of divided Berlin, indicating by the broken line at Berlin's western border the territorial redeployment decided by the Allies
472:
1656:
1626:
1484:
1320:, Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut) Verlag des Instituts für Angewandte Geodäsie, 1981
268:
80:
668:
352:
155:
1246:
1214:
654:
1554:
1461:
580:
a person's or source's political leaning from the name used for West Germany, with far-left movements in the country using
1362:
298:
172:("Federal Republic of Germany"). The name, even though in the beginning referring only to the republic established in the
1542:
Das Widerstandsrecht: Entwickelt anhand d. höchstrichterl. Rechtsprechterl. Rechtsprechung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1528:
Die Agrarpolitik in Mitteldeutschland: und ihre Auswirkung auf Produktion und Verbrauch landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse
667:
The naming of the German Democratic Republic was also a controversial issue, West Germans at first preferring the names
235:
72:
973:
191:, then under Allied control, to join the new Federal Republic. In 1949 the original eleven states in the Trizone and
1540:
1526:
1260:
1172:
626:"Berlin", unless further distinction was necessary. The West German Federal government initially called West Berlin
863:
372:
115:
84:
1186:
1077:
111:
763:
that they were using "German Federal Republic" to show their displeasure with German attitudes to the country.
497:
51:
1514:
Bezeichnungen für "Deutschland" in der Zeit der "Wende": dargestellt an ausgewählten westdeutschen Printmedien
1047:
Bezeichnungen für "Deutschland" in der Zeit der "Wende": dargestellt an ausgewählten westdeutschen Printmedien
1033:
Der Vertrag von Versailles und seine Folgen für die Pfalz oder deutsche Sozialdemokraten verraten Deutschland
274:
The East German decision to abandon the idea of a single German nation was accompanied by omitting the terms
569:
306:
159:
Allied occupation zones in post-war Germany: British (green), Soviet (red), American (orange), French (blue)
1651:
1003:
957:
756:
660:
238:
of the German Democratic Republic. The communists no longer strove for German reunification, and the name
1420:
576:
in full and use of the term being deemed an error. The different usages were so ingrained that one could
1581:
Proven Partnerships with Development Potential: Germany's relations with the Czech Republic and Slovakia
1562:
1315:
326:
200:
1498:
1045:
1347:
465:
After the newly established states of the German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic,
1301:
1274:
977:
969:
961:
880:
439:
423:
348:
290:
132:
271:'s daily newspaper, while East German official sources adopted that initialism as standard in 1973.
1329:
1288:
1248:
Kontroverse Begriffe: Geschichte des öffentlichen Sprachgebrauchs in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
858:
399:. This was rejected by the West, where some motorists displayed bumper stickers with the slogan
989:
965:
561:
509:
489:
443:
337:
96:
1580:
1592:
545:
501:
365:
263:
185:
176:, was to reflect a name for all of Germany, therefore it was particularly to include the term
531:
In 1965 the Federal Minister of All-German Affairs (later Intra-German Relations) issued the
1017:
704:
493:
330:
128:
103:
1005:
Deutschland seit 1945: eine dokumentierte gesamtdeutsche Geschichte in der Zeit der Teilung
1631:
736:
723:
608:
319:
88:
30:
1174:
Hörfunk und Fernsehen in der DDR: Funktion, Struktur u. Programm des Rundfunks in der DDR
814:
In: Deutsche Rechts-Zeitschrift, J. C. B. Mohr, Tübingen 1949, S. 265–270. Nachdruck in
759:
had used it until the previous year, leading to suggestions in the Bratislava newspaper
1279:, Klaus Mehnert, Heinrich Schulte Rheinisch-Westfälisches Verlagskontor, 1953, page 520
941:
829:
Dialectics, Dogmas, and Dissent: Stories from East German Victims of Human Rights Abuse
752:
363:
or "Socialist Unity Party of Germany" remained unchanged, as did that of its newspaper
315:
180:("Germany"). This corresponded to the spirit of the then West German constitution, the
1228:
1059:
784:
743:(literally "German Federal Republic") owing to its Cold War connotations, instead of
1645:
867:
329:
became "Fernsehen der DDR" in 1972, its radio counterpart having always been called
1613:
1334:
953:
712:
686:
560:, forbidden it. Similarly, a decree by the educational authorities in the state of
520:
exchanged "permanent missions", headed by "permanent representatives", rather than
76:
1559:
die DDR wurde: Der Verzicht auf die Gänsefüßchen kam in der WELT zur rechten Zeit"
340:, covering the north of East and West Germany, appeared in East German atlases as
1358:
1233:
1064:
933:
920:
789:
623:
517:
192:
492:
determining its foreign and interior policy until the early 1970s. Named after
203:
of the East did so with effect from 3 October 1990, including reunited Berlin.
1091:
844:
731:
In 1995, a disagreement arose between reunified Germany and newly independent
599:
577:
243:
99:
country code "DE", which has remained the country code of reunified Germany.
541:
395:
and demanded that West Germany recognise the division by likewise accepting
250:, trying to express the equality of the states. The West would speak of the
123:
1115:
Stefan Schmidt, "Die Diskussion um den Gebrauch der Abkürzung «BRD»", in:
1567:
732:
414:("Federal Republic", or "Federal Territory") to refer to the country and
207:
196:
1531:, Edgar Tümmler, Konrad Merkel, Georg Blohm, Duncker & Humblot, 1969
945:
937:
557:
376:
DDR international vehicle registration oval, used between 1974 and 1990
254:
or "so-called 'DDR'" when intending to belittle East German statehood.
173:
20:
488:, or two separate German states. This claim was also reflected in the
418:("Federal Citizen") as to its citizens, with the pertaining adjective
818:, Hrsg. Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache, 1988, S. 137 ff.
1455:"Article 127 [Extension of law to the French zone and to Berlin"
808:
Die verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1408:
Rechts um--zum Abitur: der geistige Wandel an deutschen Oberschulen
301:
became the National Front of the German Democratic Republic in 1973
1251:, Georg Stötzel, Martin Wengeler Walter de Gruyter, 1995, page 320
949:
722:
598:
471:
371:
284:
215:
154:
144:
917:
Subtitle: "Die Attraktivität der BRD könnte noch geringer werden"
699:
513:
1290:
Der 17. Juni 1953 in der Literatur der beiden deutschen Staaten
635:(Berlin, Capital of the GDR), replacing the formerly used term
508:
diplomatic relations with East Germany. Under the terms of the
218:
in 1967. The German Democratic Republic at first used the name
1303:
Wirtschafts-Ploetz: die Wirtschaftsgeschichte zum Nachschlagen
1262:
Konfession und Wahlverhalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
689:
when West German authorities started using the official name,
549:
1517:, Ute Röding-Lange Königshausen & Neumann, 1997, page 149
1444:, Andreas Glaeser University of Chicago Press, 2000, page 104
1380:, A. James McAdams Princeton University Press, 1994, page 107
1149:, Michael G. Clyne, Cambridge University Press, 1995, page 74
469:("Germany") has always been used as the official short name.
1489:, Emily Pugh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014, page 344
1205:, James Riordan, Manchester University Press, 1991, page 143
1050:, Ute Röding-Lange Königshausen & Neumann, 1997, page 84
570:
conference of all the states ministers for school education
314:("Germany, united fatherland") ceased to be sung following
1441:
Divided in Unity: Identity, Germany, and the Berlin Police
1394:, Josef Korbel, Princeton University Press, 2015, page 191
1219:, Henry Ashby Turner, Yale University Press, 1992, page 83
1160:
Rereading East Germany: The Literature and Film of the GDR
1177:, Heide Riedel, Literarischer Verlag Braun, 1977, page 84
504:
over the whole of Germany, West Germany only established
1135:, Manfred W. Hellmann Gunter Narr Verlag, 1992, page 813
135:, the country is usually referred to simply as Germany (
1545:, Günther Scheidle Duncker & Humblot, 1969, page 65
1119:, Deutscher Bundestag – Wissenschaftliche Dienste (ed.)
1486:
Architecture, Politics, and Identity in Divided Berlin
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1036:, Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag e.K., 2004, page 143
1265:, Karl Schmitt, Duncker & Humblot, 1989, page 307
1503:, Ernst Renatus Zivier, Berlin Verlag, 1974, page 53
1079:
Facts about Germany: The Federal Republic of Germany
1583:, Konrad Adenauer-Stiftung, September 2010, page 47
1317:
Geographisches Namenbuch Bundesrepublik Deutschland
528:, to which the East German mission was accredited.
1306:, Hugo Ott, Hermann Schäfer Ploetz, 1985, page 495
847:, RdErl. 4 October 1976 (NBl. KM. Schl.-H. S. 274)
199:joined with effect from 1 January 1957, while the
1411:, Michael Preute Ch. Links Verlag, 1995, page 122
915:Deutschland steht vor Revolution am Arbeitsmarkt.
391:, hitherto shared with the Federal Republic, for
697:, but many conservative German newspapers, like
595:Naming difficulties over Berlin and East Germany
289:East German team at the opening ceremony of the
16:Abbreviation for the Federal Republic of Germany
1377:Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification
832:, John Rodden, Penn State Press, 2010, page xi
747:. This was almost identical to the equivalent
282:("German") in a number of terms, for example:
1425:, Liga gegen den Imperialismus, 1972, page 30
444:government of the Federal Republic of Germany
8:
840:
838:
484:Germany, and did not like the comparison to
137:
1163:, Cambridge University Press, 2016, page 47
526:Federal Ministry for Intra-German Relations
446:and media sometimes used the abbreviations
1435:
1433:
1431:
845:Erlass der Schulbehörde Schleswig-Holstein
564:of 4 October 1976 declared the term to be
361:Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands
1402:
1400:
1022:, Heinrich Siegler Siegler, 1971, page 46
1008:, Gerhart Binder, Seewald, 1969, page 600
976:. The latter two and the first merged in
802:Its first recorded use (according to the
780:
778:
776:
544:that the West German public broadcasters
533:Directives for the appellation of Germany
1627:Name-calling upsets the Federal Republic
1609:Semantic Spat Pits German Against Slovak
1146:The German Language in a Changing Europe
735:, as Germany objected to the use of the
647:(both meaning "East Berlin") as well as
71:) is an unofficial abbreviation for the
1216:Germany from Partition to Reunification
994:, Helmut Berschin, Olzog, 1979, page 76
932:The initial states were the following:
772:
658:using "Ost-Berlin" and the centre-left
359:However, the ruling party's full name,
480:West Germany had always claimed to be
1391:Detente in Europe: Real or Imaginary?
727:Germany (green) and Slovakia (orange)
434:To distance themselves from the term
52:[ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːkˈdɔʏtʃlant]
50:
7:
347:The GDR sent a separate team to the
299:National Front of Democratic Germany
1667:East Germany–West Germany relations
1359:East-West German trade up 8 percent
589:Association for the German Language
380:Therefore, using the abbreviation
1500:Der Rechtsstatus des Landes Berlin
1019:Dokumentation zur Deutschlandfrage
552:agreed not to use the initialism.
304:The words of the national anthem,
14:
804:Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache
430:Opposition to use in West Germany
75:, informally known in English as
1082:, 1959 - Germany (West), page 20
991:Deutschland - Ein Name im Wandel
864:Bibliographisches Institut GmbH
785:Wer BRD sagt, richtet Unheil an
691:Deutsche Demokratische Republik
1276:Deutschland-Jahrbuch, Volume 2
1202:Sport, Politics, and Communism
1121:, No. 71/09 (4 September 2009)
655:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
325:The state television service,
234:This changed in 1968 with the
1:
1617:, Tony Barber, 10 August 1995
1363:The Christian Science Monitor
535:recommending that the use of
257:At that time, the initialism
168:The official name was and is
806:(GfdS)) was: Wilhelm Grewe:
344:(Northern Plain of the GDR).
312:Deutschland, einig Vaterland
1662:Cold War history of Germany
1597:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1422:Kampf dem BRD-Imperialismus
870:. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
719:Similar naming difficulties
622:Most Westerners called the
342:Nördliches Tiefland der DDR
73:Federal Republic of Germany
69:Federal Republic of Germany
1683:
1348:History of the Berlin Wall
1068:, 21 October 1968, page 65
868:Stichwort "Bundesrepublik"
749:Spolková republika Německo
745:Spolková republika Nemecko
741:Nemecká spolková republika
685:. This only changed under
677:Sowjetische Besatzungszone
633:Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR
611:as two hyphenated words -
574:Bundesrepublik Deutschland
170:Bundesrepublik Deutschland
85:German Democratic Republic
18:
1561:, Heiner Bröckermann and
496:, State secretary at the
386:vehicle registration code
246:counter-term to the term
974:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
856:Dudenredaktion (Hrsg.):
679:(Soviet Occupation Zone)
1657:History of West Germany
322:as party leader in 1971
307:Auferstanden aus Ruinen
224:Deutsche Bundesrepublik
93:Deutsche Bundesrepublik
958:North Rhine-Westphalia
728:
707:company, always wrote
604:
568:or "undesirable". The
477:
377:
293:
160:
138:
92:
34:
1563:Sven Felix Kellerhoff
812:Das Besatzungsstatut.
726:
715:until 1 August 1989.
602:
475:
375:
333:or "Radio of the GDR"
327:Deutscher Fernsehfunk
288:
269:Socialist Unity Party
158:
1337:', 15 September 1989
962:Rhineland-Palatinate
440:German reunification
349:1972 Summer Olympics
310:, which referred to
291:1972 Summer Olympics
261:had been adopted by
242:was introduced as a
133:German reunification
885:"Regionenvergleich"
793:, 25 September 1978
664:using "Ostberlin".
661:Süddeutsche Zeitung
615:- or as one word -
566:nicht wünschenswert
230:Use in East Germany
1366:, 8 September 1982
966:Schleswig-Holstein
729:
672:("Middle Germany")
605:
562:Schleswig-Holstein
490:Hallstein Doctrine
478:
378:
369:("New Germany") .
338:North German Plain
294:
161:
97:ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
1117:Aktueller Begriff
1095:, 8 December 1970
1093:Neues Deutschland
978:Baden-Württemberg
970:Württemberg-Baden
757:Slovak government
670:Mitteldeutschland
637:Democratic Berlin
502:exclusive mandate
401:BRD - Nein Danke!
366:Neues Deutschland
264:Neues Deutschland
1674:
1636:
1624:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1599:, Czech Republic
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1571:, 1 August 2009.
1552:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1460:. Archived from
1459:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1404:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1229:Kennzeichen BÄÄH
1226:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1191:, 1989, page 158
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1001:
995:
987:
981:
930:
924:
912:Dorothea Siems:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
891:. Archived from
877:
871:
854:
848:
842:
833:
825:
819:
816:Der Sprachdienst
800:
794:
782:
587:However, as the
494:Walter Hallstein
476:Walter Hallstein
424:federally German
331:Rundfunk der DDR
278:("Germany") and
236:new constitution
141:
129:Red Army Faction
112:IOC country code
62:
61:
60:
54:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:, 4 August 1995
1632:The Independent
1625:
1621:
1607:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1100:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1072:
1060:Vom Sogenannten
1058:
1054:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1002:
998:
988:
984:
931:
927:
911:
907:
898:
896:
881:Tobias Wiethoff
879:
878:
874:
855:
851:
843:
836:
826:
822:
801:
797:
783:
774:
769:
737:Slovak language
721:
703:, owned by the
681:abbreviated as
624:Western sectors
597:
448:BR Deutschland,
432:
353:national emblem
320:Walter Ulbricht
232:
220:Westdeutschland
184:, allowing all
166:
153:
110:was used as an
57:
56:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1619:
1601:
1585:
1573:
1547:
1533:
1519:
1505:
1491:
1477:
1446:
1427:
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1396:
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116:FIFA trigramme
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1469:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1449:
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954:Lower Saxony
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897:. Retrieved
893:the original
888:
875:
859:Duden online
857:
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828:
823:
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713:scare quotes
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201:"new states"
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107:
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81:ruling party
77:West Germany
68:
64:
44:
40:
36:
35:
26:
25:
1234:Der Spiegel
1065:Der Spiegel
921:Welt Online
790:Der Spiegel
628:Groß-Berlin
613:West-Berlin
518:East Berlin
467:Deutschland
318:succeeding
276:Deutschland
193:West Berlin
178:Deutschland
139:Deutschland
106:equivalent
63:; English:
1646:Categories
1471:2016-01-27
899:2008-08-11
810:, Teil I:
767:References
641:Ost-Berlin
617:Westberlin
461:or simply
244:propaganda
186:states or
164:Background
102:While the
47:eutschland
649:Ostsektor
645:Ostberlin
542:Bundestag
512:in 1972,
182:Basic Law
124:communist
1568:Die Welt
980:in 1952.
733:Slovakia
705:Springer
506:de facto
459:BR Dtld.
438:, until
208:Cold War
197:Saarland
43:epublik
1593:Německo
946:Hamburg
938:Bavaria
889:Faz.net
558:Bavaria
522:de jure
280:deutsch
174:Trizone
151:History
104:English
83:of the
21:Germany
972:, and
942:Bremen
609:German
578:deduce
451:BR-Dt.
442:, the
188:Länder
114:and a
89:German
31:German
1465:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
950:Hesse
753:Czech
739:name
709:"DDR"
463:Dtld.
455:BRDt.
216:Duden
145:Duden
39:undes
700:Bild
674:and
643:and
548:and
516:and
514:Bonn
336:The
1557:DDR
751:in
711:in
695:DDR
693:or
683:SBZ
582:BRD
550:ZDF
546:ARD
537:BRD
486:DDR
482:the
457:,
436:BRD
426:).
410:or
397:BRD
393:DDR
382:BRD
259:BRD
248:DDR
240:BRD
212:BRD
120:BRD
108:FRG
65:FRG
27:BRD
1648::
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