494:(basic science examination in anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, pathology and microbiology) and the Final Examination (clinical subjects in dentistry). After the successful completion of the examinations and meeting the college requirements, the candidate is awarded the title of Fellow of Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS). For the dental specialists, the exam pathway is similar (Primary Examinations) and then clinical/oral examinations just prior to completing the specialist training leads to the award of the title Member of Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons in Special Field Stream (MRACDS (SFS)). For the busy GP dentists, MRACDS in general stream is also available.
1258:
to as GPR and AEGD. Most GPR and AEGD programs are one year in duration, but several are two years long or provide an optional second year. GPR programs are usually affiliated with a hospital and thus require the dentist to treat a wide variety of patients including trauma, critically ill, and medically compromised patients. Additionally, GPR programs require residents to rotate through various departments within the hospital, such as anesthesia, internal medicine, and emergency medicine, to name a few. AEGD programs are usually in a dental-school setting where the focus is treating complex cases in a comprehensive manner.
1341:(CITA) are the five regional testing agencies that administer licensing examinations. Once the examination is passed, the dentist may then apply to individual states that accept the regional board test passed. Each state requires prospective practitioners to pass an ethics/jurisprudence examination, as well, before a license is granted. To maintain one's dental license, the doctor must complete Continuing Dental Education (CDE) courses periodically (usually annually). This promotes the continued exploration of knowledge. The amount of CE required varies from state to state, but is generally 10-25 CE hours a year.
701:(PhD) research is strongly encouraged alongside postgraduate training, which is available in all four universities and lasts an additional 3–6 years. Starting in 2014, the University of Helsinki introduced a new doctoral training system. In this new system, all doctoral candidates belong to a doctoral programme within a doctoral school. FINDOS Helsinki – Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences – is a programme in the Doctoral School in Health Sciences.
655:). Recently, China has a new name for its master's degree as Master of Stomatological Medicine (MSM). The MSM has been offered by top class Chinese universities. This program includes a comprehensive syllabus to produce graduates with extensive knowledge in respective specialties, skills in clinical practice, and research potential. The other branches of dentistry remain the same as American universities.
1305:
Birmingham, University of
Louisville, University of Puerto Rico, Rutgers University, Tufts University, Oregon Health and Sciences University, University of Pennsylvania, Case Western Reserve University, University of Illinois at Chicago, Boston University, Temple University, Western University of Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and East Carolina University.
36:
691:
partially combined with physicians' second phase. Third-phase clinical training lasts for the remaining three years and includes periods of being on call at
University Central Hospital Trauma Centre, Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, and the Children's clinic. Candidates who successfully complete the fourth year of training qualify for a paid summer rotation in a
1516:
1167:, is also required for potential dental students. The DAT is usually taken during the spring semester of one's junior year. The vast majority of dental schools require an interview before admissions can be granted. The interview is designed to evaluate the motivation, character, and personality of the applicant.
1185:
Dental school is four academic years in duration and is similar in format to medical school: two years of basic medical and dental sciences, followed by two years of clinical training (with continued didactic coursework). Before graduating, every dental student must successfully complete the
National
1170:
For the 2009–2010 application cycle, 11,632 applicants applied for admission to dental schools in the United States. Just 4,067 were eventually accepted. The average dental school applicant entering the school year in 2009 had an overall GPA of 3.54 and a science GPA of 3.46. Additionally, their mean
1082:
Many universities award BDS and a few BChD (Baccalaureus
Chirurgiae Dental) degrees. In Nigeria, training in dentistry is through a six-year course, typically, three years of preclinical training followed by three years of clinical training after passing part I exams comprising anatomy, biochemistry,
641:
Canada has a reciprocal accreditation agreement with
Australia, Ireland, and the United States, which recognize the dental training of graduates of Canadian dental schools. Obtaining licensure to work in any of the three other countries often requires additional steps, such as successfully completing
1292:
on "Doctoris" instead of the nominative "Doctor" simply reflects that the syntax on the diploma was "the degree of Doctor of Dental
Medicine"; they are both correct.) The assertion that "dentistry was not a science" reflected the view that dental surgery was an art informed by science, not a science
1356:
are recognized in the United States. Becoming a specialist requires one to train in a residency or advanced graduate training program. Once residency is completed, the doctor is granted a certificate of specialty training. Many specialty programs have optional or required advanced degrees such as a
1257:
After graduating, the vast majority of new dentists go directly into practice, while others enter a residency program. Some residency programs train dentists in advanced general dentistry such as
General Practice Residencies and Advanced Education in General Dentistry Residencies, commonly referred
1048:
Many universities award BDS degrees, including the
University of Sheffield, the University of Bristol, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Birmingham, the University of Liverpool, the University of Manchester, the University of Glasgow, the University of Dundee,
762:
In India, training in dentistry is through a five-year
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) course, which includes four years of study followed by one year of internship. As of 2019, 310 colleges (40 run by the government and 292 in the private sector) were offering dental education. This amounts to an
663:
In
Finland, education in dentistry is through a 5.5-year Licenciate of Dental Medicine (DMD or DDS) course, which is offered after high school graduation. Application is by a national combined dental and medical school entry examination. As of 2011, dentistry is provided by Faculties of Medicine in
1086:
As of 2022, 11 dental schools, were active, including two with partial accreditations. Fully accredited programs are at the University of Lagos, University of Ibadan, University of Benin, University of Port-Harcourt, University of Nigeria (Enugu), University of Maiduguri, Bayero University (Kano),
502:
The graduation in Dentistry is named here as Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) also have diploma in Dentistry. At present there are three universities that have medical faculty that offer dental degrees: The University of Dhaka, the University of Chittagong, the University of Rajshahi, and diplomas
1503:
Dentists who have completed accredited specialty training programs in these fields are designated registrable (U.S. "Board Eligible") and warrant exclusive titles such as anesthesiologist, orthodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, endodontist, pedodontist, periodontist, or prosthodontist upon
650:
China has many universities teaching dental degrees both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Chinese universities have adapted the programmes of American and European degrees. The undergraduate degree is Bachelor of Medicine with a major in stomatology or dental surgery, and the postgraduate
493:
Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (RACDS) is a postgraduate body that focuses on postgraduate training of general practitioners and specialist dentists. Additional postgraduate qualifications can be obtained through the college after the candidate has completed the Primary Examination
690:
The first phase of training begins with a unified two-year preclinical training for dentists and physicians. Problem-based learning (PBL) is employed depending on university. The third year-autumn consists of clinico, theoretical phase in pathology, genetics, radiology and public health, and is
1283:
was the first dental school to award the DMD degree. Harvard only grants degrees in Latin, and the Latin translation of Doctor of Dental Surgery, "Chirurgiae Dentium Doctoris", did not share the "DDS" initials of the English term. "The degree 'Scientiae Dentium Doctoris', which would leave the
1275:
The DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and DMD (Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. They are awarded upon graduation from dental school to become a General Dentist. The majority of dental schools award the DDS degree; however, some award a DMD degree. The education and degrees are, in
1304:
Some other prominent dental schools that award the DMD degree are the University of Florida, Midwestern University-IL, Midwestern University-AZ, Medical University of South Carolina, Augusta University (formerly Medical College of Georgia), University of Connecticut, University of Alabama at
1300:
Other dental schools made the switch to this notation, and in 1989, 23 of the 66 North American dental schools awarded the DMD. No meaningful difference exists between the DMD and DDS degrees, and all dentists must meet the same national and regional certification standards to practice.
418:(*) indicates new university dental programs that have opened up to aim at increasing the number of rural dental students entering and to return to rural practice. Traditional "sandstone" universities have been Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland, Adelaide and Western Australia.
1288:; "Scientiae Dentium Doctoris" = "Doctoris Dentium Scientiae".) A Latin scholar was consulted. It was finally decided that "Medicinae Doctoris" be modified with "Dentariae". This is how the DMD, or "Doctor Medicinae Dentariae" degree, was started. (The genitive inflection
484:
Australia and Canada have a reciprocal accreditation agreement, which allows graduates of Canadian or Australian dental schools to register in either country. However, this only applies to the graduates of 2011 class and does not apply to the previous years' graduates.
475:
had been recognizing the Australian and New Zealand dental qualification as registrable degree until 2000. Graduates who have applied for dental license registration in the United Kingdom now have to sit the Overseas Registration Exam (ORE), a three-part examination.
1320:
To practice, a dentist must pass a licensing examination administered by an individual state or more commonly a region. A handful of states maintain independent dental licensing examinations, while the majority accept a regional board examination. The
1083:
and physiology. This is followed by one year of internship or housemanship, after which graduates can go into clinical practice as general dentists. Some go on to specialty training by completing a residency program, to become hospital consultants.
447:
The Faculty of Dentistry awards Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) and Master of Community Dentistry (MComDent) for public health & community dentistry, and Doctorate in Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent) for the other dental specialties.
2488:
997:
offered the BChD degree. In 2004, the dental faculties of the University of the Western Cape and Stellenbosch University merged and moved to the University of the Western Cape, which is currently the largest dental school in Africa.
1186:
Board Dental Examination Part I and II (commonly referred to as NBDE I & II). The NBDE Part I is usually taken at the end of the second year after the majority of the didactic courses have been completed. The NBDE Part I covers
2633:
1266:
In the United States, the Doctor of Dental Surgery and Doctor of Dental Medicine are terminal professional doctorates, which qualify a professional for licensure. The DDS and DMD degrees are considered equivalent. The
338:
In the U.S., most dental specialists attain Board Certification (Diplomate Status) by completing a series of written and oral examinations with the appropriate Boards. e.g. Diplomate, American Board of Periodontics.
1049:
the University of Aberdeen, King's College London, the University of Cardiff, Newcastle University, Queen's University Belfast, the University of Central Lancashire, and Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry.
1473:: seven or more years of experience in the practice of implant dentistry and have completed at least 75 implant cases. Applicants must successfully complete both the Part I and Part II examination within four year
272:
Certificate, Anesthesiology/Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology/Endodontics/Prosthodontics/Periodontics/Orthodontics/Dental Public Health/Pediatric Dentistry/OMS (American Dental Association – recognized specialty
1642:
1822:
864:
Training in South Africa generally comprises the five-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery, followed by one year's compulsory medical service/internship. The country has five universities with dental faculties:
424:
Postgraduate training is available in all dental specialties. Degrees awarded used to be Master of Dental Surgery/Science (MDS/MDSc), but lately have changed to Doctorate in Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent).
1900:
History of Dental Surgery: History of the development of dentistry, operative dentistry, prosthetic dentistry, orthodontia, oral surgery, dental literature, dental journalism, dental education and dental
2450:
2420:
2618:
766:
The three-year, full-time postgraduate Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) is the highest degree in dentistry awarded in India, and its holders are bestowed as consultants in one of these specialties:
2666:
2351:
2356:
2361:
1981:
2415:
2603:
2400:
2744:
2460:
2140:
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Both Australia and New Zealand recognize the educational and professional qualifications and grant professional licenses via reciprocity identical to the United States and Canada.
2671:
421:
Sydney (as of 2001), Melbourne (as of 2010) and Western Australia (as of 2013) have switched to 4-year graduate program that require a previous bachelor's degree for admission.
2425:
952:
503:
also by the state medical faculty. These public universities have dental colleges and hospitals that may be publicly or privately funded, that offer education for the degree.
2608:
2534:
2435:
2281:
2246:
1067:
3004:
2966:
2929:
2892:
2430:
2261:
2389:
2236:
1105:. No particular course of study is required as an undergraduate other than completing the requisite "predental" courses, which generally includes one year of general
1101:
In the United States, at least three years of undergraduate education are required to be admitted to a dental school; however, most dental schools require at least a
285:
In commonwealth countries, the Royal Colleges of Dentistry (or Faculty of Dentistry of the college) awards post-nominals upon completion of a series of examinations.
2691:
2638:
2587:
2385:
2256:
2111:
1344:
The completion of a dental degree can be followed by either an entrance into private practice, further postgraduate study and training, or research and academics.
3180:
2316:
2241:
1284:
initials of DDS unchanged, was then considered, but was rejected on the ground that dentistry was not a science." (The word order in Latin is not fixed, only the
2658:
2524:
2514:
2494:
2475:
1322:
1936:
2696:
2686:
2623:
2410:
2346:
2331:
2296:
2202:
2189:
1534:
1180:
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2504:
2405:
2336:
2326:
2266:
2212:
2648:
2613:
2552:
2371:
2306:
2301:
1153:, etc. The majority of predental students major in a science, but this is not required as some students elect to major in a nonscience-related field.
2764:
2455:
2376:
2321:
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2172:
2802:
2499:
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1989:
1330:
1554:
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2440:
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1338:
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2562:
2519:
1071:
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2711:
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1529:
1750:
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in at least the jurisdiction in which the degree was presented, assuming local and federal government licensure requirements are met.
2445:
2271:
1280:
856:
119:
1764:
2465:
1863:
1413:
1334:
1326:
2919:
2759:
2681:
1297:—notwithstanding that the scientific component of dentistry is today recognized in the Doctor of Dental Science (DDSc) degree.
973:
411:
1052:
In the Republic of Ireland, the University College Cork awards BDS degrees and Trinity College Dublin awards BDentSc degrees.
2858:
2572:
2547:
2366:
2231:
1387:
1362:
1096:
947:
814:
574:
57:
53:
2059:
100:
1504:
satisfying certain local (U.S. "Board Certified"), (Australia/NZ: "FRACDS"), or (Canada: "FRCD(C)") registry requirements.
2812:
2395:
1722:
683:
604:
580:
72:
2115:
1493:
Geriatric Dentistry: ranges from a weekend course to a 2-year masters course depending on the certificate issuing agency.
1214:. The NBDE Part II is usually taken during winter of the last year of dental school and consists of operative dentistry,
3215:
2701:
2484:
2381:
2165:
1357:
master's degree: (MS, MSc, MDS, MSD, MDSc, MMSc, MPhil, or MDent), doctoral degree: (DClinDent, DChDent, DMSc, PhD), or
842:
538:
550:
2915:
2787:
2782:
1309:
1268:
888:
289:
Fellow of the Medical College in Dental Surgery (FMCDS), the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN)
79:
2480:
1846:
586:
2011:
837:. The two schools have six-year program and grant the Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) degrees. In recent decades,
46:
3210:
2851:
2822:
2817:
1944:
1405:
619:
3220:
2984:
2754:
2734:
2311:
2225:
2221:
2217:
381:
369:
86:
1671:
615:, while the remaining Canadian dental schools offer the Doctor of Dental Medicine degree to their graduates.
2911:
2724:
2577:
2509:
2197:
2158:
1701:
1487:
994:
818:
692:
405:
2085:
262:
In some universities, especially in the United States, some postgraduate programs award certificates only.
2957:
927:
826:
668:
568:
472:
393:
68:
3018:
2341:
1369:
1211:
1157:
1001:
907:
695:
of their choice. Annual intake of dentists into Faculties of Medicine is a national total 160 students.
608:
600:
562:
387:
298:
Membership in the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
3132:
3088:
2994:
2980:
2938:
2883:
2807:
2719:
2557:
1443:
1102:
698:
612:
556:
363:
174:
1794:
1171:
DAT Academic Average (AA) was 19.00, while their DAT Perceptual Ability Test (PAT) score was 19.40.
506:
At present, postgraduate degrees in specialized dentistry exist in main four clinical specialities:
3146:
3123:
3108:
2827:
2749:
2739:
1437:
830:
673:
592:
529:
437:
399:
375:
135:
3205:
3050:
2797:
2207:
1496:
1353:
678:
2975:
3142:
2906:
2832:
2792:
1905:
1898:
1610:
1499:– ranges from a weekend course to a 1-year course depending on the certificate issuing agency.
1164:
1114:
544:
190:
1312:
do not include the DDS and DMD among the degrees that are equivalent to research doctorates.
3172:
3128:
3045:
2901:
2542:
1600:
292:
Fellow of the West African College of Surgeons (FWACS), the West African College of Surgeons
93:
3167:
3151:
3113:
3098:
3065:
2875:
1850:
1521:
1161:
1122:
1055:
The University of Leeds awards BChD and MChD (Bachelor/Master of Dental Surgery) degrees.
806:
1723:"Dentistry – University of Leeds – Faculty of Medicine And Health – University of Leeds"
3137:
3093:
2943:
1772:
1605:
1588:
1419:
1399:
1358:
1247:
1235:
1207:
1029:
1133:. Some dental schools have requirements that go beyond the basic requirements such as
3199:
2181:
1458:
1425:
1408:
1 year (a prosthodontist may elect to sub-specialize in maxillofacial prosthodontics)
1187:
1017:
810:
17:
301:
Membership in the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College Surgeons (MFDS RCS)
3055:
2112:"Dentistry | DOCTOR OF CLINICAL DENTISTRY (DClinDent) in Paediatric Dentistry"
1393:
1375:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1199:
1191:
1142:
1025:
1021:
982:
642:
national board examinations and fulfilling requirements of local governing bodies.
2037:
2063:
1450:
The following are currently recognized as dental specialties in the US under the
622:, which administers examinations for qualified dental specialists as part of the
3118:
1381:
1243:
1219:
35:
1451:
638:
in the college (FRCD(C)) and may be used for provincial registration purposes.
1511:
1285:
1195:
1150:
1134:
1126:
965:
3013:
2843:
1843:
1483:
The following are not currently recognized as dental specialties in the US.
1251:
1203:
1138:
1110:
959:
822:
770:
Prosthodontics (fixed, removable, maxillofacial, and implant prosthodontics)
623:
343:
139:
1628:
1614:
1937:"Structure of the U.S. Education System : Research Doctorate Degrees"
1130:
937:
834:
307:
Membership in the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (MRACDS)
2145:
2015:
1146:
1118:
1106:
916:
838:
441:
3103:
3070:
3060:
2989:
2014:. International Association for Dental Quality (IADQ). Archived from
897:
627:
142:
are offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.
1476:
1464:
1431:
331:
License of Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons (L.D.S. (Eng.))
1679:
599:
Several universities in Canada offer the DDS degree, including the
1672:"Statistics from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India"
1390:: 4–6 years (additional time for MD/MBBS degree granting programs)
1087:
Lagos State University, and Obafemi Awolowo University (Ile-Ife).
295:
Fellow of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons (FDSRCS)
2150:
451:
The body responsible for registering dental practitioners is the
310:
Membership in Orthodontics, Royal College of Surgeons (MOrth RCS)
2089:
1909:
304:
Fellow of Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS)
2847:
2154:
1037:
1033:
322:
Member of the College of Dental Surgeons of Hong Kong (MCDSHK)
319:
Fellow of the College of Dental Surgeons of Hong Kong (FCDSHK)
29:
1904:, vol. 1, National Art Publishing Company, p. 463,
334:
Fellowship in Sports Dentistry /Fellow Sports Dentistry (FSD)
452:
325:
Fellow College of Physician and Surgeons, Bangladesh (FCPS)
313:
Fellow of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada (FRCD(C))
1968:
1074:
award LDS (Licence/Licentiate in Dental Surgery) degrees.
2088:. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Archived from
1643:"Erikoishammaslääkärikoulutuksen opinto-opas 2013 – 2015"
845:(BMedSc) degree after the first three years of training.
328:
Fellow College of Physician and Surgeons, Pakistan (FCPS)
2146:
American Student Dental Association – Licensure by State
2141:
General Dental Council: UK primary dental qualifications
1470:
316:
Member of Royal College of Dentists of Canada (MRCD(C))
618:
Additional qualifications can be obtained through the
2672:
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
2114:. Health.adelaide.edu.au. 15 May 2001. Archived from
2062:. American College of Prosthodontics. Archived from
1823:"Advance Education Program Options and Descriptions"
3160:
3079:
3038:
3031:
3003:
2965:
2956:
2928:
2891:
2882:
2773:
2710:
2657:
2596:
2533:
2188:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1308:The United States Department of Education and the
1982:"Anesthesiology recognized as a dental specialty"
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
534:There are ten approved dental schools in Canada:
922:BDS, MDent, MDS (Master of Dental Science), PhD
1922:"Public perception of DDS versus DMD degrees."
1273:
1254:. NBDE Part I scores are Pass/Fail since 2012.
942:BChD, MChD, MSc Dentistry, PhD(Dentistry), DSc
3181:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1971: : Council of Interstate Testing Agencies
720:Prosthodontology and Stomatognathic Physiology
2859:
2166:
651:degree is Master of Medicine in stomatology (
489:Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons
8:
630:. The current examinations are known as the
342:Each fully qualifies the holder to practice
196:Master of Science in Dentistry (MSD or MScD)
2697:Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry
1926:. 1999. Fall; 66(3):29-37. Lalumandier, JA.
1924:Journal of the American College of Dentists
1535:List of dental schools in the United States
1452:American Board of Dental Specialties (ABDS)
1181:List of dental schools in the United States
737:Oral Clinical Microbiology (starts in 2014)
3035:
2962:
2888:
2866:
2852:
2844:
2173:
2159:
2151:
1795:"CHAPTER 3 : DECIDING WHERE TO APPLY"
867:
634:(NDSE). Successful completion may lead to
620:Royal College of Dentists of Canada (RCDC)
2712:Australian and New Zealand dental schools
1604:
1005:
782:Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1897:Koch, Charles R.E.; et al. (1910),
1004:is through one of the universities as a
510:Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
433:New Zealand has only one dental school:
233:Doctor of Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent)
1751:"Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria"
1546:
1348:Dental specialties in the United States
1331:Central Regional Dental Testing Service
1156:In addition to core prerequisites, the
1125:, and higher-level mathematics such as
248:Doctor of Philosophy in Dentistry (PhD)
217:Master of Stomatological Medicine (MSM)
180:Baccalaureus Dentalis Chirurgiae (BChD)
171:Bachelor of Science in Dentistry (BScD)
1339:Council of Interstate Testing Agencies
987:BDS, MDent, MSc(Dent), PhD(Dent), DSc
779:Conservative dentistry and endodontics
714:Pedodontology and Preventive Dentistry
516:Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
1629:"Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences"
794:Oral medicine diagnosis and radiology
632:National Dental Specialty Examination
239:Doctor of Science in Dentistry (DScD)
7:
1060:Royal College of Surgeons of England
1014:Colleges of Medicine of South Africa
791:Pedodontics and preventive dentistry
269:Certificate, GPR/AEGD/Orofacial Pain
214:Master of Clinical Stomatology (MCS)
162:Bachelor's degree of Dentistry (BDS)
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2040:. American Academy of Perodontology
1769:American Student Dental Association
1530:American Student Dental Association
1471:Oral Implantology/Implant Dentistry
763:annual intake of 33,500 graduates.
359:Australia has nine dental schools:
208:Master of Dental Science (MDentSci)
704:The 11 postgraduate programs are:
25:
1016:, with certifications offered in
857:Medical education in South Africa
797:Master in Public Health Dentistry
168:Bachelor of Dental Science (BDSc)
1599:(1050): 90–91. 3 November 1906.
1514:
1420:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1414:Oral and maxillofacial radiology
1335:Southern Regional Testing Agency
964:BChD, MChD, MSc(Dent), PhD, DSc(
731:Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
728:Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
467:General Dental Council of the UK
242:Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc)
199:Master of Medical Science (MMSc)
159:Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
34:
2920:Certificate of Higher Education
2682:Guy's, King's & St Thomas's
2535:Defunct American dental schools
974:University of the Witwatersrand
785:Oral pathology and microbiology
734:Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
459:Trans Tasman mutual recognition
412:University of Western Australia
236:Doctor of Dental Science (DDSc)
230:Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD)
45:needs additional citations for
2461:Southern Illinois–Edwardsville
1477:Dental Board of Anesthesiology
1388:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
1097:Dentistry in the United States
948:University of the Western Cape
776:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
748:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
575:University of British Columbia
513:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
227:Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
205:Master of Dental Surgery (MDS)
1:
1853:, American Dental Association
1175:Dental education and training
833:School of Dental Medicine in
821:School of Dental Medicine in
684:University of Eastern Finland
605:University of Western Ontario
581:University of Western Ontario
453:Dental Council of New Zealand
165:Bachelor of Dentistry (BDent)
2702:UCL Eastman Dental Institute
2456:Southern California (Ostrow)
2086:"Pediatric Dentist Training"
1771:. March 2013. Archived from
1555:"Search for Dental Programs"
1406:Maxillofacial prosthodontics
843:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
253:Certificates and fellowships
150:Dental degrees may include:
2916:Diploma of Higher Education
2775:South Korean dental schools
1702:"World Dental Schools List"
1310:National Science Foundation
1269:American Dental Association
1032:. Research degrees are the
889:University of KwaZulu-Natal
717:Cariology and Endodontology
245:Doctor of Dentistry (DDent)
202:Master of Dentistry (MDent)
3237:
1589:"Dentistry Qualifications"
1178:
1094:
1044:United Kingdom and Ireland
902:Diploma in Dental Therapy
587:University of Saskatchewan
527:
281:Commonwealth post-nominals
266:Diploma in Dentistry (SMF)
211:Master of Stomatology (MS)
2500:Texas Tech–El Paso (Hunt)
2060:"Prosthoodntist Training"
1849:17 September 2010 at the
652:
2735:Charles Sturt University
1323:Northeast Regional Board
1165:standardized examination
382:University of Queensland
370:Charles Sturt University
2912:Higher National Diploma
2597:Canadian dental schools
2362:Nebraska–Medical Center
2190:American dental schools
2038:"Periodontist Training"
1969:http://www.citaexam.com
1488:Special needs dentistry
1361:: (MD/MBBS specific to
995:Stellenbosch University
693:Community health center
406:University of Melbourne
177:in Dental Medicine (BM)
2659:British dental schools
2317:LSU Health–New Orleans
2012:"Endodontist Training"
1327:Western Regional Board
1316:Licensing examinations
1278:
928:University of Pretoria
827:Alpha Omega Fraternity
725:Diagnostic dentistry:
669:University of Helsinki
569:University of Manitoba
551:Université de Montréal
473:General Dental Council
394:University of Adelaide
184:
153:
3019:Candidate of Sciences
2489:UT Health–San Antonio
1363:maxillofacial surgery
1158:Dental Admission Test
908:University of Limpopo
841:are eligible for the
609:University of Alberta
601:University of Toronto
563:University of Alberta
539:University of Toronto
480:Canadian registration
388:James Cook University
18:Bachelor of Dentistry
3089:Academic certificate
2981:Postgraduate diploma
2583:Pennsylvania College
2357:Missouri–Kansas City
2232:Case Western Reserve
1992:on 21 September 2019
1444:Dental public health
1276:substance, the same.
1010:College of Dentistry
953:Faculty of Dentistry
932:School of Dentistry
708:Clinical dentistry:
699:Doctor of Philosophy
613:Dalhousie University
557:Dalhousie University
364:University of Sydney
175:Bachelor of Medicine
136:professional degrees
54:improve this article
3216:Dentistry education
3124:Professional degree
2765:University of Otago
2740:Griffith University
2548:Fairleigh Dickinson
2018:on 22 December 2015
1775:on 7 September 2019
1438:Pediatric dentistry
1006:Master of Dentistry
831:Tel Aviv University
788:Community dentistry
674:University of Turku
664:four universities:
530:Dentistry in Canada
471:The United Kingdom
438:University of Otago
400:La Trobe University
376:Griffith University
3051:Doctor of Sciences
2327:Maryland–Baltimore
2213:Boston U (Goldman)
1950:on 27 January 2012
1682:on 24 October 2010
1631:. 25 October 2017.
1497:Cosmetic Dentistry
1354:dental specialties
1281:Harvard University
751:Oral Public Health
679:University of Oulu
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3143:Specialist degree
3027:
3026:
2995:Engineer's degree
2952:
2951:
2939:Bachelor's degree
2907:Foundation degree
2841:
2840:
2760:Western Australia
2485:UT Health–Houston
2471:Temple (Kornberg)
2118:on 8 October 2011
2092:on 26 August 2010
1262:DDS vs DMD degree
1115:organic chemistry
1103:bachelor's degree
1036:(Dent) / MDS and
1008:, or through the
991:
990:
919:Campus, Pretoria
825:, founded by the
815:Hebrew University
545:McGill University
276:Certificate, DMTD
191:Master of Science
154:Bachelor's degree
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3228:
3211:Doctoral degrees
3129:Graduate diploma
3046:Higher doctorate
3036:
2963:
2902:Associate degree
2889:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2845:
2609:British Columbia
2421:Pacific (Dugoni)
2367:Nevada–Las Vegas
2282:Illinois–Chicago
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2128:
2127:
2125:
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2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
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1988:. Archived from
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
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1957:
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1943:. Archived from
1933:
1927:
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1678:. Archived from
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868:
654:
593:Université Laval
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3236:
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3231:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3221:Medical degrees
3196:
3195:
3194:
3185:
3168:Honorary degree
3156:
3152:Terminal degree
3114:Magister degree
3099:External degree
3081:
3075:
3023:
2999:
2976:Master's degree
2948:
2924:
2878:
2876:academic degree
2872:
2842:
2837:
2803:Gangneung-Wonju
2769:
2706:
2653:
2592:
2529:
2184:
2179:
2137:
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2019:
2010:
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2005:
1995:
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1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
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1930:
1921:
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1857:
1851:Wayback Machine
1842:
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1650:Med.helsinki.fi
1645:
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1587:
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1548:
1543:
1522:Medicine portal
1520:
1515:
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1350:
1318:
1264:
1183:
1177:
1162:multiple-choice
1099:
1093:
1080:
1046:
851:
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760:
686:, Kuopio Campus
661:
648:
532:
526:
500:
491:
482:
469:
461:
431:
357:
352:
283:
260:
255:
224:
187:
185:Master's degree
156:
148:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Dental degree"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
27:Academic degree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3234:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3191:
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3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3140:
3138:Higher diploma
3135:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Artist diploma
3091:
3085:
3083:
3082:classification
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3029:
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3016:
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3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2944:Honours degree
2941:
2935:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2886:
2880:
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2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:South Carolina
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:North Carolina
2393:
2379:
2374:
2369:
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2239:
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2229:
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2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2182:Dental schools
2180:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2135:External links
2133:
2130:
2129:
2103:
2077:
2066:on 10 May 2010
2051:
2029:
2003:
1973:
1961:
1928:
1915:
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1855:
1836:
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1786:
1756:
1742:
1714:
1693:
1663:
1652:. 10 June 2016
1634:
1620:
1580:
1578:BANGLADESH/SMF
1571:
1545:
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1542:
1539:
1538:
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1526:
1525:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1465:Orofacial pain
1462:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1432:Orofacial pain
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1400:Prosthodontics
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1370:Anesthesiology
1359:medical degree
1349:
1346:
1317:
1314:
1263:
1260:
1248:oral pathology
1236:prosthodontics
1208:dental anatomy
1179:Main article:
1176:
1173:
1095:Main article:
1092:
1089:
1079:
1076:
1045:
1042:
1030:prosthodontics
1002:Specialisation
989:
988:
985:
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976:
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962:
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935:
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811:dental schools
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800:
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721:
718:
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712:
711:Periodontology
688:
687:
681:
676:
671:
660:
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647:
644:
626:profession in
597:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
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548:
542:
528:Main article:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:Prosthodontics
517:
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128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3233:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Diplom degree
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2942:
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2934:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Undergraduate
2881:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
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2819:
2816:
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2811:
2809:
2806:
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2728:
2726:
2723:
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2718:
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2709:
2703:
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2660:
2656:
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2647:
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2642:
2640:
2637:
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2632:
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2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
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2607:
2605:
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2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
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2554:
2551:
2549:
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2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2525:West Virginia
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Texas A&M
2493:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
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2300:
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2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:East Carolina
2260:
2258:
2257:Detroit Mercy
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Augusta (DCG)
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2169:
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2139:
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2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2033:
2030:
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3173:
3056:Habilitation
3039:Postdoctoral
2958:Postgraduate
2639:Saskatchewan
2578:Oral Roberts
2573:Ohio College
2568:Northwestern
2122:27 September
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2106:
2096:19 September
2094:. Retrieved
2090:the original
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:the original
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:the original
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1990:the original
1985:
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1952:. Retrieved
1945:the original
1940:
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1923:
1918:
1899:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1759:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1676:Mohfw.nic.in
1675:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1637:
1623:
1596:
1593:The Hospital
1592:
1583:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1502:
1482:
1449:
1402:: 2–3 years
1394:Periodontics
1376:Orthodontics
1351:
1343:
1319:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1240:orthodontics
1232:pain control
1228:oral surgery
1224:periodontics
1216:pharmacology
1200:microbiology
1192:biochemistry
1184:
1169:
1155:
1143:biochemistry
1100:
1085:
1081:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1026:orthodontics
1022:periodontics
1009:
1000:
993:Until 2003,
992:
983:Johannesburg
871:Institution
863:
854:
849:South Africa
805:
773:Periodontics
765:
761:
745:Orthodontics
703:
697:
689:
662:
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640:
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337:
284:
261:
258:Certificates
149:
134:A number of
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3133:certificate
3119:Microdegree
3080:No dominant
2985:certificate
2436:Puerto Rico
2390:Stony Brook
2372:New England
2352:Mississippi
2247:Connecticut
2022:22 December
1730:Leeds.ac.uk
1479:: 3–4 years
1467:: 1–3 years
1461:: 2–4 years
1440:: 2–3 years
1434:: 1–3 years
1428:: 2–4 years
1422:: 3–5 years
1384:: 2–3 years
1382:Endodontics
1378:: 2–3 years
1372:: 3–4 years
1286:inflections
1271:specifies:
1244:pedodontics
1220:endodontics
1012:within the
429:New Zealand
193:(MS or MSc)
3200:Categories
3109:Licentiate
2874:Levels of
2755:Queensland
2745:James Cook
2553:Georgetown
2515:Washington
2406:Ohio State
2342:Midwestern
2312:Louisville
2307:Loma Linda
2218:California
1954:23 January
1873:23 January
1829:23 January
1807:23 January
1735:23 January
1707:8 November
1686:10 October
1656:23 January
1541:References
1196:physiology
1151:physiology
1135:psychology
1127:statistics
636:Fellowship
498:Bangladesh
110:March 2015
80:newspapers
3206:Dentistry
3174:Ad eundem
3145:/
3131:/
3014:Doctorate
2983:/
2918:/
2914:/
2813:Kyungpook
2808:Kyung Hee
2725:Melbourne
2692:Newcastle
2687:Liverpool
2614:Dalhousie
2476:Tennessee
2441:Rochester
2347:Minnesota
2322:Marquette
2302:Lake Erie
2252:Creighton
1844:"DDS/DMD"
1825:. Ada.org
1490:: 3 years
1446:: 3 years
1416:: 3 years
1396:: 3 years
1252:radiology
1212:occlusion
1204:pathology
1139:sociology
1111:chemistry
1064:Edinburgh
960:Cape Town
880:Location
855:Related:
823:Jerusalem
624:dentistry
355:Australia
344:dentistry
273:programs)
222:Doctorate
140:dentistry
3161:Unearned
2828:Wonkwang
2750:La Trobe
2730:Adelaide
2667:Aberdeen
2634:Montréal
2624:Manitoba
2520:WesternU
2411:Oklahoma
2337:Michigan
2297:Kentucky
2242:Columbia
2237:Colorado
1996:12 March
1941:2.ed.gov
1910:09017597
1901:colleges
1868:Ohsu.edu
1847:Archived
1802:Adea.org
1779:17 March
1615:29812187
1564:12 March
1508:See also
1337:(SRTA),
1329:(WREB),
1325:(NERB),
1131:calculus
1040:(Dent).
938:Pretoria
877:Founded
839:students
835:Tel Aviv
829:and the
819:Hadassah
809:has two
455:(DCNZ).
3147:diploma
3007:level 8
2969:level 7
2932:level 6
2895:level 5
2798:Dankook
2788:Chonnam
2783:Chonbuk
2677:Glasgow
2649:Western
2644:Toronto
2604:Alberta
2446:Rutgers
2386:Buffalo
2332:Meharry
2287:Indiana
2272:Harvard
2267:Florida
2203:Arizona
1986:ada.org
1606:5194299
1559:ada.org
1352:Twelve
1147:anatomy
1123:English
1119:physics
1107:biology
1078:Nigeria
1072:Ireland
1068:Glasgow
917:MEDUNSA
874:School
742:Other:
659:Finland
595:(1971)
589:(1968)
583:(1966)
577:(1964)
571:(1958)
565:(1923)
559:(1908)
553:(1905)
547:(1905)
541:(1868)
442:Dunedin
350:Oceania
146:Degrees
94:scholar
3176:degree
3104:Laurea
3071:Fellow
3066:Tenure
3061:Docent
2833:Yonsei
2793:Chosun
2720:Sydney
2629:McGill
2588:Wash U
2563:Loyola
2558:Harris
2416:Oregon
2277:Howard
2070:5 June
2044:5 June
1908:
1613:
1603:
1295:per se
1250:, and
1206:, and
1070:, and
1028:, and
898:Durban
813:, the
807:Israel
802:Israel
653:口腔医ĺ¦çˇ•ĺŁ«
628:Canada
611:, and
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524:Canada
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378:, QLD*
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2930:ISCED
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2543:Emory
2505:Tufts
2481:Texas
2466:Touro
1948:(DOC)
1798:(PDF)
1726:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
966:Odont
758:India
646:China
408:, VIC
384:, QLD
366:, NSW
101:JSTOR
87:books
2431:Pitt
2426:Penn
2401:Nova
2382:SUNY
2292:Iowa
2226:UCSF
2222:UCLA
2124:2011
2098:2010
2072:2010
2046:2010
2024:2015
1998:2019
1956:2017
1906:LCCN
1875:2017
1831:2017
1809:2017
1781:2014
1737:2017
1709:2019
1688:2010
1658:2017
1611:PMID
1566:2019
1210:and
1160:, a
1129:and
1058:The
1020:and
414:, WA
396:, SA
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2510:VCU
2377:NYU
2198:UAB
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