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98:"During the more humid period from c. 1450 or 1500 to c. 1600. the lands of the central and northern Gibla came to be settled once again, this time apparently by Bafur villagers. Bafur place-names and desert traditions about the Bafur survive, but little else. The ethnic identity of the Bafur apparently was transformed in the period before the late seventeenth century and absorbed into the ethnic categories of
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for horses for their military campaigns. As is common among trading peoples, over time intermarriage had taken place between the Idaw al-Hajj and Wolof peoples, and the northerners gradually became assimilated into the sub-Saharan
African community, including the use of Wolof as their language.
159:
The relationship between the Bafour and any modern-day West
African ethnic group is unclear. They are at times referred to as the descendants of local pre-Berber peoples. Others have argued that they were initially a non-Sanhaja Berber group that later mixed with Soninke and Fula.
163:
French art historian Jean Laude wrote, "In the pre-Islamic period (before the ninth century), according to oral tradition, Mauritania was occupied by the Bafour, a population of possibly mixed origin from whom the eastern
245:
McDougall EA. The View from
Awdaghust: War, Trade and Social Change in the Southwestern Sahara, from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Century. The Journal of African History. 1985;26(1):1-31. doi:10.1017/S0021853700023069
114:
According to Webb's study of oral traditions, from 1600 to 1850, in the pre-colonial period, there was a well-established commercial route between communities of the
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79:. The earliest European sources refer to the region as 'Adrar al Bafur', or 'Bafur Mountains'. They are credited with introducing
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Some historians believe that Bafour hunter-gatherers were the dominant population group in
Mauritania during the
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UNESCO General
History of Africa, Vol. III, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
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142:, from where they dominated the gum arabic trade, as well as shipment of grain from the Wolof region to the
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Berber populations increasingly came to dominate the region, the Bafur mixed and traded with them.
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43:. Scholars such as H.T. Norris describe "Bafur (Bafour)" as a loose term encompassing the pre-
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134:, in present-day Western Sahara. A group known as Idaw al-Hajj ("sons of pilgrims" in
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Desert
Frontier: Ecological and Economic Change Along the Western Sahel, 1600–1850
327:, University of California Press, 1973 (translated by : Jean Decock), p 50,
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71:. Others propose that they were agriculturalists living in and around the
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James L.A. Webb, "The
Evolution of the Idaw al-Hajj Commercial Diaspora"
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Vol. III, Abridged
Edition: Africa from ... edited by M. El Fasi
206:, 1995, Volume 35:Issue 138-139, pp. 455–475, accessed 4 November 2013
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Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An
Encyclopedia
438:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An
Encyclopedia
176:
are derived." They may also be the ancestors of the coastal
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146:(white North Africans), and trade between Wolofs and the
138:) gradually settled in trading areas of northwestern
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122:and Mauritania. Over four centuries before that,
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305:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism
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307:, Greenwood Publishing Group (1991), p 399,
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303:Olson, James Stuart & Shadle, Robert,
47:inhabitants of the region, who were "part
356:(3rd revised ed.). Scarecrow Press.
291:
218:
1045:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof
110:, and thus remains somewhat mysterious."
1060:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof
189:
1150:The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof
1055:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
1040:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
1035:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
195:
193:
7:
1160:The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof
279:
230:
353:Historical Dictionary of Mauritania
94:Historian James L.A. Webb writes,
35:were a group of people inhabiting
25:
1155:The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof
429:UNESCO General History of Africa,
377:. University of Wisconsin Press.
408:
394:
75:, at that time the edge of the
814:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
809:States headed by Serer Lamanes
1:
350:Pazzanita, Anthony G (2008).
1324:Social history of Mauritania
1105:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof
1022:(ancient kings / landowners)
1319:Ethnic groups in Mauritania
267:
204:Cahiers d'Ă©tudes africaines
83:and the cultivation of the
1360:
1081:Queens & Queen Mothers
1272:
1050:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
824:Timeline of Serer history
371:Webb, James L.A. (1994).
559:Classical Ndut teachings
325:The Arts of Black Africa
1070:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof
1065:Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof
259:
118:reaching north to the
112:
1145:Joos Maternal Dynasty
126:mixed with Bafur and
96:
1110:Serer maternal clans
1100:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
1095:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
819:Battle of Logandème
784:Kingdom of Biffeche
1090:Lingeer Fatim Beye
172:, and the western
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1305:
1302:
1301:
1289:Toucouleur people
1261:
1260:
1030:Lamane Jegan Joof
929:
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789:kingdom of Saloum
750:
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727:Point of Sangomar
440:By John A. Shoup
416:Mauritania portal
384:978-0-299-14334-3
363:978-0-8108-5596-0
16:(Redirected from
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779:Kingdom of Baol
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634:Supreme deities
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423:Further reading
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120:Western Sahara
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323:Laude, Jean,
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77:Sahara desert
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73:Adrar Plateau
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69:Neolithic Era
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42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
18:Bafour people
1339:Serer people
1334:Wolof people
1294:Wolof people
1223:Maad a Sinig
1175:royal titles
1122:royal houses
1014:
896:Lehar/Laalaa
839:Demographics
764:Amar Godomat
697:Sacred sites
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180:community.
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32:
28:
26:
1284:Lebu people
1279:Jola people
1243:Sene family
1238:Sarr family
1233:Njie family
1228:Ngum family
1218:Maad Saloum
1193:Joof family
1188:Faye family
1140:Joof family
1130:Faye family
956:Inheritance
717:Sine-Saloum
677:Kumba Njaay
659:Roog (main)
55:, and part
1313:Categories
861:Mauritania
732:Tattaguine
712:Sine River
545:Key topics
116:Senegambia
87:there. As
81:irrigation
37:Mauritania
881:Languages
847:By region
614:Symbolism
574:Festivals
569:Criticism
280:Webb 1994
231:Webb 1994
136:Hassaniya
85:date palm
1171:Families
1135:Guelowar
961:Marriage
742:Yaboyabo
644:Kokh Kox
609:Saltigue
599:Religion
537:Religion
507:Niominka
178:Imraguen
1203:Lingeer
1020:Lamanes
1001:Royalty
934:Culture
866:Senegal
756:History
687:Tiurakh
594:Pangool
584:Junjung
579:Jaaniiw
487:Peoples
344:Sources
166:Songhai
148:Maghreb
140:Senegal
89:Sanhaja
63:History
51:, part
45:Sanhaja
1253:Thilas
1248:Teigne
1198:Lamane
966:Mbalax
891:Cangin
856:Gambia
774:Khasso
707:Fatick
682:Takhar
589:Lamane
497:Laalaa
480:topics
381:
360:
331:
311:
256:French
106:, and
104:Berber
57:Semite
49:Berber
29:Bafour
1183:Buumi
1017:) and
1011:Kings
986:Tassu
976:Sabar
971:Njuup
951:Death
941:Birth
921:Serer
916:Safen
911:Palor
737:Tukar
619:Women
604:Sadax
522:Saafi
517:Palor
478:Serer
268:Fulɓe
262:; in
184:Notes
174:Serer
144:Bidan
132:Wadan
124:Arabs
100:Wolof
53:Negro
33:Bafur
1344:Fula
1213:Maad
1208:Loul
1015:Maad
991:Njom
981:Tama
906:Noon
901:Ndut
722:Somb
649:Koox
624:Xooy
554:CiiÉ—
527:Seex
512:Noon
502:Ndut
379:ISBN
358:ISBN
329:ISBN
309:ISBN
264:Fula
260:Peul
108:Fula
39:and
27:The
1173:and
254:In
130:in
59:."
31:or
1315::
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258::
238:^
211:^
202:,
192:^
102:,
1013:(
470:e
463:t
456:v
387:.
366:.
270:.
20:)
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