Bakken formation - Knowledge (XXG)

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Creek law scholar Sarah Deer, this is often due the complicated 2013 reform of the Violence Against Women Act. The 2013 reform is limited to violence committed by spouses, former spouses, or dating partners, making it so that sexual violence committed on reservations often cannot be prosecuted. Legal scholar Ana Condes states that man camps are “hotbeds of rape, domestic violence, and sex trafficking, and American Indian women are frequently targeted due to a perception that men will not be prosecuted for assaulting them”. Author Lily Cohen also writes about this issue saying that “Native women face increased levels of sexual assault, sex trafficking, and other gender based violence when resource extraction projects are located near Native communities”. The trauma that is caused by the increased violent crime stemming from these man camps can also remain within these communities for generations. There has been a recent effort from leaders in man camps to write tighter rules for residents in these facilities to help prevent these issues.

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With the persistently low price of oil in 2015, there was pressure on rigs to maximize drilling speed, with associated additional risks to the crews. In 2015, the oil boom in North Dakota was reported to have brought with it the highest worker fatality rate in the United States. It was reported that on average, an oil worker died in the Bakken every six weeks. One company offered workers daily bonuses of $ 150 for drilling quickly, while those who proceeded more slowly, exercising caution, were offered only $ 40 a day. The well owner may avoid liability for accidents if the blame can be assigned to the rig subcontractor. Statutes have been established to prevent this in four other oil-producing states:

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the Garrison Dam in 1947 wiped out much of the farmland and forced a majority of the Three Affiliated Tribes to relocate to higher ground on the prairie. According to Lower Brule Sioux historian Nick Estes, the dam inundated the Fort Berthold Reservation and took 152,360 acres of their land, a loss of a quarter of the reservation's entire land base. The oil boom holds the potential to generate hundreds of million dollars for the tribes, offering the change to construct new roads, schools, and essential housing and healthcare facilities, but it also comes with a steep social cost with an increase in violence against Native populations.

1232:, which takes up a portion of the Bakken region, found that the practices in the region can result in many environmental harms. The fracking which occurs can result in the harm and displacement of vital habitat for native plants and animals. Fracking in the region can also result in ground and water pollution from spilled oil and fracking fluids. In just one week, more than 60 spills were reported in North Dakota's Bakken oil and gas fields in 2024. Man camps that house workers also contribute to pollution. In one instance, a camp outside of Williston was shut down after allowing sewage to discharge openly over the property. 1195:

same time, there was no corresponding rise in violent crime found in counties outside of the Bakken oil region. Violent victimizations were down 8% in this same time period in regions outside of the Bakken. The increase of violent victimization by strangers in the Bakken region increased by 53% in the region during those 6 years as well, with the victimization of Black and Native American people 2.5 times higher than corresponding rates for white people. Finally, serious violent victimization was found to increase 30% in the Bakken oil region while simultaneously decreasing 4% in the non-Bakken region.

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the oil difficult to extract—to Leigh Price's estimate of 50% recoverable. Reports issued by both the USGS and the state of North Dakota in April 2013 estimated up to 7.4 billion barrels of oil can be recovered from the Bakken and Three Forks formations in the Dakotas and Montana, using current technology. The flurry of drilling activity in the Bakken, coupled with the wide range of estimates of in-place and recoverable oil, led North Dakota senator

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brought online, total oil produced continued to increase until it peaked in mid-2015 at 1.15 million barrels per day. The increase ended because of a slow decline in daily production per well that began in 2013, down to 115 barrels in mid-2015. The peak production value reported by the EIA is about 9% larger. The EIA also reports that the Bakken rig count dropped about 60% over the year ending in October 2015 in response to the collapsing

654:, although to a lesser degree than in the US, since the 2004 discovery of the Viewfield Oil Field in Saskatchewan. The same techniques of horizontal drilling and multi-stage massive hydraulic fracturing are used. In December 2012, 2,357 Bakken wells in Saskatchewan produced a record high of 71,000 barrels per day (11,000 m/d). The Bakken Formation also produces in Manitoba, yielding 42.1 thousand barrels per day of crude oil in 2020. 174: 425: 857:(EIA), the statistics service of the Department of Energy, estimated in 2013 that there were 1.6 billion barrels and 2.2 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of technically recoverable oil and natural gas in the Canadian portion of the Bakken formation. Crescent Point Energy and other operators are implementing waterfloods in the Bakken Formation of the Viewfield Oil Field in Saskatchewan. Some believe that 441: 433: 982: 990: 935: 878: 36: 1113:. Part of the disaster at Lac-Mégantic has been blamed on the fact that much of the highly volatile Bakken oil was mislabeled as lower risk oil and was being shipped in substandard tank cars not designed to contain it. Because of the shortage of pipeline capacity out of North Dakota, over half of its production is sent to market by rail. 539:

lower estimate of 2.1 billion barrels (330,000,000 m) of technically recoverable oil in the Bakken. Various other estimates place the total reserves, recoverable and non-recoverable with today's technology, at up to 24 billion barrels. A recent estimate places the figure at 18 billion barrels. In April 2013, the

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mean of 3.65 billion. Later that month, the state of North Dakota's report estimated that of the 167 billion barrels (26.6 billion cubic metres) of oil in place in the North Dakota portion of the Bakken, 2.1 billion barrels (330 million cubic metres) were technically recoverable with current technology.

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These man camps have also been blamed for the increase of violent crime in the Bakken oil region. There is an even greater potential harm resulting from man camps when they are located on or near Native communities, which already face higher rates of violence against women. As pointed out by Muscogee

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There have also been reports of lack of proper safety precautions in the Bakken oil region. For example, Dustin Payne was an employee in the Bakken region who died after an oil tank he was welding exploded. Payne had previously expressed concerned for his safety. Before the incident, Payne texted his

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A major advance in extracting oil from the Bakken came in 1995, when geologist Dick Findley realized that the dolomitic Middle member of the Bakken Formation was a better exploration target than the upper or lower members. Although the middle member held less oil in place than the organic shales both

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Man camps are temporary housing compounds built to support the work force in the region. These camps are prominent in the Bakken oil region as the influx of an overwhelmingly male work force has flooded the region. The camps are made as a response to too many jobs and not enough beds to house all of

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Author Sari Horwitz for The Washington Post reports that the crime wave surrounding man camps is largely fueled by a market for illegal drugs, mainly heroin and methamphetamine. This has gone on to impact local reservations, which are often short staffed and unable to deal with these serious crimes.

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A portion of the Bakken oil region sits on the Fort Berthold Reservation, created in 1870. Fort Berthold is home to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation- also known as MHA Nation or the Three Affiliated Tribes. Fort Berthold was once home primarily to farmers and traders until the construction of

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The Bakken Formation has emerged in recent years as one of the most important sources of new oil production in the United States. Most Bakken drilling and production has been in North Dakota, although the formation also extends into Montana and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. As

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technologies has caused a boom in Bakken oil production since 2000. By the end of 2010, oil production rates had reached 458,000 barrels (72,800 m) per day, thereby outstripping the pipeline capacity to ship oil out of the Bakken. There is some controversy over the safety of shipping this crude

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Research has found an increase in violent crime in areas surrounding the Bakken oil region, primarily among indigenous communities. A study by the University of Colorado Boulder showed that between 2006 and 2012, the rate of violent victimization increased 70% in the Bakken oil region. During this

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Although the amount of oil in place is a very large oil resource, the percentage that can be extracted with current technology is another matter. Estimates of the Bakken's recovery factor have ranged from as low as 1%—because the Bakken shale has generally low porosity and low permeability, making

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geochemist Leigh Price in 1999 estimated the total amount of oil contained in the Bakken shale ranged from 271 to 503 billion barrels (43.1 to 80.0 billion cubic metres), with a mean of 413 billion barrels (65.7 billion cubic metres). While others before him had begun to realize that the

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oil price for drilling Bakken wells. The North Dakota Department of Natural Resources estimated overall break-even to be just below US$ 40 per barrel. An analyst for Wood Mackenzie said that the overall break-even price was US$ 62/barrel, but in high-productivity areas such as the Sanish Field and

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Between the years of 2009 and 2013, there were more than 9,000 injury claims related to the oil and gas industry filed with North Dakota's Workforce Safety & Insurance Agency. Between 2011 and 2015, at least 40 workers died as a result of their industries in North Dakota's oil and gas fields.

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According to the North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources, daily oil production per well reached a plateau at 145 barrels in June 2010. Although the number of wells tripled between June 2010 and December 2012, oil production per well remained essentially unchanged. However, as more wells were

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to ask the USGS to conduct a study of the Bakken's potentially recoverable oil. In April 2008 the USGS released this report, which estimated the amount of technically recoverable, undiscovered oil in the Bakken formation at 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels (480 to 680 million cubic metres), with a

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Most Bakken wells are drilled and completed in the middle member. Many wells are now being drilled and completed in the basal Sanish/Pronghorn member and in the underlying Three Forks Formation, which the North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources treats as part of the Bakken for oil production

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In April 2008, a USGS report estimated the amount of recoverable oil using technology readily available at the end of 2007 within the Bakken Formation at 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m), with a mean of 3.65 billion. Simultaneously the state of North Dakota released a report with a

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Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered volumes of 7.4 billion barrels of oil, 6.7 trillion cubic feet of associated/dissolved natural gas, and 0.53 billion barrels of natural gas liquids in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations in the

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The doubling of the estimate resulted largely because of the first look at the Three Forks Formation in North Dakota, which the Geological Survey said contains 3.73 billion barrels of oil. Its reassessment of the Bakken Formation, which lies above Three Forks, showed 3.65 billion barrels, only a

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discovery in 2000 have proven correct his claim that the oil generated by the Bakken shale was there. In April 2008, a report issued by the state of North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources estimated that the North Dakota portion of the Bakken contained 167 billion barrels (26.6 billion

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Inc. (CLR) declared that the "Bakken play in the Williston basin could become the world's largest discovery in the last 30–40 years," as ultimate recovery from the overall play is now estimated at 24 billion barrels (3.8 billion cubic metres). (Note: the recent discoveries off the coast of

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There are many negative consequences to the environment that come from activity on the Bakken oil formation, The Bakken Formation is considered a “carbon bomb” by PBS podcast host Ethan Brown, or a fossil fuel initiative projected to release more than one billion tons of carbon throughout its

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This increase in violent crime also disproportionately harms women, with higher rates of sexual assault and rape. Between 2006 and 2012 women saw a 54% surge in the incidence of unlawful sexual contact, primarily driven by an increase in statutory rape reports. This increase in violent crime

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of 2013, the Bakken was the source of more than ten percent of all US oil production. By April 2014, Bakken production in North Dakota and Montana exceeded 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m/d). As a result of increased production from the Bakken, and long-term production declines in

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S presents challenges such as "health and environmental risks, corrosion of wellbore, added expense with regard to materials handling and pipeline equipment, and additional refinement requirements." Bakken oil has historically been characterized as "sweet", meaning that it has little or no

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oil generated by the Bakken shales had remained within the Bakken, it was Price, who had spent much of his career studying the Bakken, who particularly stressed this point. If he was right, the large amounts of oil remaining in this formation would make it a prime

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techniques in which a well is drilled horizontally along bedding planes, rather than vertically through them. In this way, a borehole can contact many thousands of feet of oil reservoir rock in a unit with a maximum thickness of only about 140 feet (40 m).

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fiancée that he did not feel “comfortable welding this at all.” Al Jazeera correspondent Josh Rushing speculates that Payne's death is one that could have been avoided had the company he worked for had better safety measures in place for workers.

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There are sometimes only two tribal officers on duty responsible for protecting entire reservations. There is also a lack of substance-abuse treatment centers in the area to help treat the rising number of people struggling with addiction.

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bank during a time of shallower, well-oxygenated water. The middle dolomite member is the principal oil reservoir, roughly two miles (3 km) below the surface. Both the upper and lower shale members are organic-rich marine shale.

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Stephanie B. Gaswirth; Kristen R. Marra; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Donald L. Gautier; Debra K. Higley; Timothy R. Klett; Michael D. Lewan; Paul G. Lillis; Christopher J. Schenk; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Katherine J. Whidden.

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operational lifespan. The Bakken oil and gas field is also responsible for the leaking of large amounts of methane. Both CO2 and methane are amongst some of the most prominent and harmful gasses that contribute to air pollution.

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little more than a 2008 USGS estimate. The agency's conclusion that the formations contain 6.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 530 million barrels of natural gas liquids represented a tripling of previous estimates.

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for oil when thermally mature, significant producible oil reserves exist within the rock unit itself. Oil was first discovered within the Bakken in 1951, but past efforts to produce it have faced technical difficulties.

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wells in formations such as the Bakken was mostly responsible for the decrease in US oil imports since 2005. The US imported 52% of its oil in 2011, down from 65% in 2005. Hydraulically fractured wells in the Bakken,

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The shortage of pipeline capacity has caused some producers to ship oil out of the area by more expensive methods of truck or railroad. It was Bakken crude oil carried by train that caught fire in the deadly 2013

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enacted by the state of North Dakota in 2007, shifted attention in the Bakken from Montana to the North Dakota side. The number of wells drilled in the North Dakota Bakken jumped from 300 in 2006 to 457 in 2007.

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derailed and exploded in the town centre of Lac-Mégantic. It destroyed 30 buildings (half the downtown core) and killed 47 people. The explosion was estimated to have a one-kilometre (0.62 mi) blast radius.

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The viability of the play in North Dakota west of the Nesson Anticline was uncertain until 2009, when Brigham Oil & Gas achieved success with larger hydraulic fracturing treatments, with 25 or more stages.

3288: 2101: 1038:. LIG Assets, Inc. elected to participate in a 10% industry position in a group of oil leases located in the Bakken formation in North Dakota. The leases comprise approximately 1,280 acres (520 ha) in 2802: 2054:"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Fact Sheet Assessment of Undiscovered Oil Resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations, Williston Basin Province, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 2013" 1171:

large incomes from lease bonuses and royalties. The boom has reduced unemployment and given the state of North Dakota a billion-dollar budget surplus. North Dakota, which ranked 38th in per capita

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S over time has been observed in some Bakken wells, believed to be due to certain completion practices, such as hydraulic fracturing into neighboring formations, that may contain high levels of H

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There are also a host of other environmental impacts coming out of the region including disruption of natural ecosystems and pollution. An article by the National Park Service concerning

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above and below, it was able to maintain open fractures more than the shales. Horizontal wells in the middle Bakken were used successfully to develop the Elm Coulee Field in Montana.

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The industrialization and population boom has put a strain on water supplies, sewage systems, available housing and government services of the small towns and ranches in the area.

1962: 1587: 914:, where production is expected to ultimately total 270 million barrels (43,000,000 m), drew a great deal of attention to the trend where oil was trapped along the Bakken 1366:"USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3021: Assessment of Undiscovered Oil Resources in the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin Province, Montana and North Dakota, 2008" 3226: 3813: 3246: 1324: 3158: 2151: 1815: 1140:

completed a pipeline to take North Dakota oil north into Canada, where it hooks up to Enbridge's main pipeline delivering western Canadian oil to refineries in the

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target. Price died in 2000 before his research could be peer-reviewed and published. The drilling and production successes in much of the Bakken beginning with the

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J. W. Nordquist in 1953. The formation is entirely in the subsurface, and has no surface outcrop. It is named after Henry O. Bakken (1901–1982), a farmer in

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trains have occurred in the United States and Canada since 2006, and most small cities such as Lac-Megantic are not prepared for oil train explosions and fires.

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An April 2013 estimate by the USGS projects that 7.4 billion barrels (1.18 billion cubic metres) of undiscovered oil can be recovered from the Bakken and

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should be greater, with proven reserves of 30 billion, and a potential for 50 to 80.) This considerable increase has been made possible by the combined use of

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S) crude oil, and because sweet oil brings a higher price, oil transporters suspect that some sour oil is being blended into sweet Bakken crude. H

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The great increases in oil and gas production have exceeded the area's pipeline capacity to transport hydrocarbons to markets. There is only one

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in Texas, due in part to the higher cost of transport to major markets closer to tidewater with lower cost access to foreign oil markets.

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can raise the recovery factor at Viewfield from 19 percent to more than 30 percent, adding 1.5 to two billion barrels of additional oil.

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Diagenesis and Fracture Development in the Bakken formation, Williston Basin: Implications for Reservoir Quality in the Middle Member,

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light tight oil play. However, the presence of vertical to sub-vertical natural fractures makes the Bakken an excellent candidate for

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The Bakken formation has produced oil since 1953, when the #1 Woodrow Starr was completed in North Dakota by Stanolind Oil and Gas.

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particularly impacted minority and indigenous women as overall violence rates amongst these groups were the highest in the region.

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Oil extraction in Bakken field declined by around 20% from mid-2015 to mid-2016 and then remained rather stable through mid-2017.

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in the area. As a result, the oil and gas prices received have been much lower than the normal North American index prices of

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Map of Bakken wells in the US as of 2008, largely restricted to the southwest pinchout and the Nesson Anticline (USGS, 2013)

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Our history is the future: Standing Rock versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the long tradition of indigenous resistance

3788: 3763: 3340: 2850: 1106: 1046: 1039: 778:, and other tight oil targets enabled US crude oil production to rise in September 2013 to the highest output since 1989. 682: 559: 2000: 3773: 2969: 2579: 2284: 2086: 1343: 1148:, the pipeline project to carry American crude across the border was approved by the US government without controversy. 926: 286: 2890: 3655: 2908: 2870: 1918: 1792:"Fracking chemicals in spotlight as regulators investigate rail car corrosion and flammability of North Dakota crude" 1745:"Fracking chemicals in spotlight as regulators investigate rail car corrosion and flammability of North Dakota crude" 1545: 1126: 1942: 1894: 748:

S in crude oil is being investigated as a possible cause of the explosive nature of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster.

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The US EIA reported that proved reserves in the Bakken/Three Forks were 2.00 billion barrels of oil as of 2011.

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officials that about 50 Bakken oil trains pass through the state each week, mostly through the Twin Cities of

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the new workers. Capital Lodge and Tioga Lodge in the Bakken oil region house up to 3,700 residents.

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Technology-based oil and natural gas plays: Shale shock! Could there be billions in the Bakken?

1155:, it is merely flared on the spot; a 2013 study estimated the cost at $ 100 million per month. 3626: 3609: 3594: 3538: 3523: 3491: 3469: 3464: 3434: 3404: 3399: 3152: 3039: 3006: 2977: 2184: 1241: 843: 723:. The gas is flammable, corrosive, poisonous, and explosive; thus, oil with higher levels of H 225: 217: 207: 197: 1571: 701:

Production is also enhanced by artificially fracturing the rock, to allow oil to seep to the

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wells decreases more rapidly than from conventional wells drilled in more permeable rock.)

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Schematic north-south cross section showing the Bakken and adjacent formations (USGS, 2013)

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Assessment of undiscovered oil resources in the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation

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Increasing economic prosperity has also brought increasing crime and social problems.

3722: 3570: 3533: 3199: 3135:"The Bakken Oil Boom - Theodore Roosevelt National Park (U.S. National Park Service)" 2783: 2442: 2053: 1872: 1407: 1299:, Billings Geological Society, 4th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, pp. 68–82, 1953 1007: 943: 612: 575: 523:, who owned the land where the formation was initially discovered while drilling for 488: 359: 329: 132: 89: 85: 3173:"Extreme cold weather causing oil spills in North Dakota; 60 reports over past week" 2744: 2152:"A Brief History of Oil Production from the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin" 543:

released a new figure for expected ultimate recovery of 7.4 billion barrels of oil.

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age occupying about 200,000 square miles (520,000 km) of the subsurface of the

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The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World

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S. Some other formations in the Williston Basin have always produced "sour" (high H

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By 2015, some companies had sold assets in the Bakken, in favor of exploring the

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Map of the Bakken Formation reservoirs in the US portion of the Williston Basin (

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reported that a single well it had drilled into an oil-rich layer of shale near

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Medora, Mailing Address: PO Box 7; Us, ND 58645 Phone: 701 623-4466 Contact.

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The beginning and end of rape: confronting sexual violence in native America

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Bakken Region: New-well oil and gas production per rig, and number of rigs

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and 6.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 530 million barrels of

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Bakken Region in North Dakota: Oil and gas production rates (US only)

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Drilling Productivity Report for key tight oil and shale gas regions

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Williston Basin Province of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota.

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Oil wells producing from the Bakken Formation, US and Canada in 2011

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July 2006 press release from the North Dakota Industrial Commission

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discovery, combined with other factors, including an oil-drilling

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carrying 77 tank cars full of highly volatile Bakken oil through

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Efstathiou Jr., Jim; Keane, Angela Greiling (January 14, 2014).

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Geological rock formation known for crude oil and gas production

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no longer accepts crude with more than five parts per million H

2875: 2855: 2355: 2339: 1963:"Continental statement: Bakken's giant scope underappreciated" 1922: 470: 29: 2663:"Documentary highlights dangers for Bakken oil field workers" 2608:"Occidental Petroleum to Exit Bakken Shale Amid Heavy Losses" 1832:"Fracking pushes US crude output to highest level since 1989" 1606:"CER – Provincial and Territorial Energy Profiles – Manitoba" 689:—much lower than typical oil reservoirs, in today's terms an 464: 2565:"LIG Assets, Inc. Takes Position in North Dakota Oil Leases" 1604:

Government of Canada, Canada Energy Regulator (2024-02-22).

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by Janet K. Pitman, Leigh C. Price, and Julie A. LeFever,

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Increased US oil production from hydraulically fractured

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Besides the Bakken Formation being a widespread prolific

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State of North Dakota Bakken Formation Reserve Estimates

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conditions, and the dolomite was deposited as a coastal

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is north border). Prior to 2007, most oil came from the

2456: 1454:"Producers turn to railroads for shipping Bakken crude" 57: 2099:

Secondary recovery will drive the future of the Bakken

1531:"Graphic: Timeline of Events in Quebec Train Disaster" 1422:, Press Release, 30 Apr. 2013, Department of Interior. 3005:. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press. 2784:"N. Dakota adding pipelines, but oil trains still up" 2720:"Fracking in the Bakken comes with a high human cost" 2578:

Renshaw, Jarrett; Ngai, Catherine (3 November 2015).

1933: 1931: 1325:

US Energy Information Administration, November 2006,

1312: 1129:. At least 15 major accidents involving crude oil or 1006:

had drilling rigs in the Bakken trend. These include

591:, the break-even price was US$ 38–US$ 40 per barrel. 479: 467: 2909:"Bakken oil booms — and so does crime on the Plains" 1510:"Search resumes in Lac-Mégantic for 5 still missing" 461: 3370: 3302: 3269: 458: 396: 388: 380: 375: 365: 335: 324: 285: 280: 266: 252: 247: 239: 231: 213: 203: 193: 183: 79: 2262: 1769: 1480:"Bakken Crude Is Highly Volatile, Oil Study Shows" 2851:"New Boom Reshapes Oil World, Rocks North Dakota" 2294:, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, 2011. 1309:Son of Bakken formation namesake remains reserved 1666:"Using horizontal drilling techniques in Canada" 1433:"New Drilling Method Opens Vast U.S. Oil Fields" 1395:"ND study: 167 billion barrels of oil in Bakken" 1151:Absent the infrastructure to produce and export 1297:Mississippian stratigraphy of northern Montana 930:Pulling the Bakken core out of the core barrel 3247: 2352:2007 North Dakota Oil Production by Formation 2336:2006 North Dakota Oil Production by Formation 2285:Geology and geochemistry of the Parshall area 1699:Holubnyak, Yevhen; et al. (April 2011). 8: 2970:"Oil Rigs Bring Camps of Men to the Prairie" 2871:"Oil Boom Puts Strain on North Dakota Towns" 2767:"Lac Megantic: Train carried mislabeled oil" 2317:"What's happening at Parshall, North Dakota" 2261:Brooks Suzukamo, Leslie (December 8, 2007). 2159:North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources 1694: 1692: 582:As of January 2015, estimates varied on the 3157:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2385:ND Monthly Bakken Oil Production Statistics 1648:Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region 515:. The formation was initially described by 3254: 3240: 3232: 3085:"How Does North Dakota Tackle Oil Issues?" 1338: 1336: 658:Updated the statistic to be more current. 444:US Bakken and Three Forks wells as of 2013 405: 172: 76: 1881:part of the North Dakota state government 1136:In March 2013, Canadian pipeline company 765:Hydraulic fracturing in the United States 1652:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 1346:. U.S. Geological Survey. April 10, 2008 782:History of Bakken oil resource estimates 732:S. However, increased concentration of H 650:Bakken production has also increased in 3814:Oil-bearing shales in the United States 2233:"New USGS Bakken assessment on its way" 1262: 3150: 2838:"North Dakota sees growth in real GDP" 2836:US Energy Information Administration, 2688:"Oil Deaths Rise as Bakken Boom Fades" 2085:US Energy Information Administration, 1330:, PDF file, retrieved 16 January 2009. 1270:Lexicon of Canadian Geological Units. 235:200,000 square miles (520,000 km) 3784:Shale formations of the United States 2963: 2961: 2959: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2202: 2200: 1544:Zawadzki, Sabina (21 November 2013). 681:in the Bakken averages about 5%, and 599:The rock formation consists of three 7: 3284:Frontier exploration and development 2207:Horwitz, Sari (September 28, 2014). 1646:Donald Barrs, "Devonian System", in 942:New interest developed in 2006 when 58:move details into the article's body 3739:Geologic formations of Saskatchewan 3734:Geologic formations of North Dakota 3072:(1): 275–307 – via EBSCOhost. 2686:Berzon, Alexandra (12 March 2015). 1144:. Unlike the rejected cross-border 555:oil by rail due to its volatility. 3804:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 3214:, PDF file, retrieved 4 March 2009 3032:Northwestern University Law Review 2021:Lenny Bernstein (April 30, 2013). 1873:Bakken Formation Reserve Estimates 25: 2753:Energy Information Administration 2643:Energy Information Administration 2417:Energy Information Administration 2150:Nordeng, Stephan (January 2010). 2063:. United States Geological Survey 1725:from the original on June 2, 2018 1056:Worker safety versus productivity 855:Energy Information Administration 719:) is found to varying degrees in 558:This was illustrated by the 2013 3744:Devonian System of North America 3263:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin 3066:Harvard Environmental Law Review 2968:Sulzberger, A. G. (2011-11-26). 1230:Theodore Roosevelt National Park 454: 352: 340: 34: 2661:Uhlenhuth, Karen (2015-01-09). 2304:Measure offers oil tax rate cut 1834:, Bloomberg, 11 September 2013. 1418:US Department of the Interior, 1030:. In Canada, operators include 805:cubic metres) of oil in place. 670:Lower Bakken-3 Forks Transition 3729:Geologic formations of Montana 2942:University of Colorado Boulder 2718:Raphael, T.J. (18 June 2015). 2606:Cook, Lynn (28 October 2015). 1908:(1): 19–20 – via nd.gov. 1711:Society of Petroleum Engineers 1664:Yedlin, Deborah (2008-01-16). 1637:Professional Paper 1653, 2001. 1: 3227:Three tiers of US shale plays 822:In 2011, a senior manager at 685:are very low, averaging 0.04 243:up to 40 metres (130 ft) 3809:Oil-bearing shales in Canada 2372:National Geographic Magazine 1574:, accessed November 25, 2014 1185:Environmental Justice Issues 3769:Mississippian United States 3319:Northwestern Alberta Plains 2457:"Continental Resources Inc" 2104:September 26, 2013, at the 760:S, citing safety concerns. 647:in volume of oil produced. 384:Henry O. Bakken (1901-1982) 3835: 3819:Oil fields in North Dakota 3026:Condes, Ana (2021-10-10). 2724:Public Radio International 2493:"Marathon Oil Corporation" 2183:. London New York: Verso. 1883:thus in the public domain. 1654:, Denver, CO, 1972: p. 98. 1478:Cook, Lynn (14 May 2014). 1107:Lac-Mégantic rail disaster 1085:Oil and gas infrastructure 998:Exploration and production 906:The 2000 discovery of the 850:using current technology. 762: 627: 560:Lac-Mégantic rail disaster 2419:. October 2015. p. 3 2290:October 29, 2013, at the 1816:"Fuel to burn: now what?" 1583:Dan Kohlruss and others, 1435:. FoxNews.com. 2010-04-07 1409:, North Dakota government 570:from North Dakota to the 404: 171: 84: 3346:Northern Rocky Mountains 3220:Documentary produced by 2497:Marathon Oil Corporation 1167:has given those who own 1119:Canadian Pacific Railway 1020:Marathon Oil Corporation 912:Richland County, Montana 3794:Shallow marine deposits 3332:North-central foothills 3279:Oil sands and heavy oil 3218:Boom! Behind the Bakken 3205:, accessed 4 March 2009 3083:damianos (2023-03-22). 2698:Dow Jones & Company 2693:The Wall Street Journal 2618:Dow Jones & Company 2613:The Wall Street Journal 2209:"Dark Side of the Boom" 1490:Dow Jones & Company 1485:The Wall Street Journal 1095:West Texas Intermediate 662:Drilling and completion 178:Cut Bakken core samples 3799:Source rock formations 3209:US Geological Survey: 2270:St. Paul Pioneer Press 2135:Gold, Russell (2014). 1635:U.S. Geological Survey 1572:"Crude oil production" 1252:Dakota Access Pipeline 1173:gross domestic product 1127:Minneapolis–Saint Paul 994: 986: 948:Parshall, North Dakota 939: 931: 882: 844:Three Forks formations 675:statistical purposes. 671: 541:U.S. Geological Survey 499:, underlying parts of 445: 437: 429: 3759:Devonian Saskatchewan 3754:Devonian North Dakota 2859:. September 25, 2011. 2547:"Ridgeback Resources" 2461:Continental Resources 2322:May 28, 2010, at the 1247:Pony Express Pipeline 1220:Environmental Effects 1165:North Dakota oil boom 1036:Crescent Point Energy 1012:Continental Resources 992: 984: 937: 929: 880: 873:History of Bakken oil 824:Continental Resources 669: 630:North Dakota oil boom 443: 435: 427: 3789:Deep marine deposits 3764:Mississippian Series 3303:Depositional regions 3057:Cohen, Lily (2023). 3001:Deer, Sarah (2015). 2897:. February 18, 2012. 2811:Alberta Oil Magazine 2773:, 11 September 2013. 2511:"Diamondback Energy" 2179:Estes, Nick (2019). 2110:Oil and Gas Inquirer 2061:Fact Sheet 2013–3013 1981:on November 14, 2011 1311:, December 3, 2012, 1146:Keystone XL Pipeline 908:Elm Coulee Oil Field 837:hydraulic fracturing 802:Elm Coulee Oil Field 791:A research paper by 552:directional drilling 548:hydraulic fracturing 417:Elm Coulee Oil Field 309:48.3929°N 102.9399°W 188:Geological formation 3774:Dolomite formations 3289:Natural gas liquids 3271:Hydrocarbon history 3089:Peril & Promise 2879:. December 2, 2011. 2745:"Takeaway capacity" 2667:Energy News Network 2551:Ridgeback Resources 2439:"EOG Resources Inc" 2283:Jarvie and others, 2213:The Washington Post 2027:The Washington Post 1853:(unpublished paper) 1159:Effects of the boom 1032:Ridgeback Resources 898:Southwest pinch-out 848:natural gas liquids 833:horizontal drilling 695:horizontal drilling 572:Irving Oil Refinery 546:The application of 521:Tioga, North Dakota 493:Early Mississippian 305: / 94:Early Mississippian 86:Stratigraphic range 2974:The New York Times 2944:. January 29, 2020 2805:2013-09-26 at the 2529:"Hess Corporation" 2515:Diamondback Energy 2368:"Bakken shale oil" 2123:Crude oil reserves 1820:The New York Times 1804:. August 13, 2013. 1757:. August 13, 2013. 1671:The Calgary Herald 1590:2013-10-29 at the 1272:"Bakken Formation" 1024:Diamondback Energy 995: 987: 955:Parshall Oil Field 940: 932: 883: 750:Pipeline transport 672: 589:Parshall Oil Field 446: 438: 430: 314:48.3929; -102.9399 226:Torquay Formations 3716: 3715: 3683:Stony Mountain FM 3561:Mission Canyon FM 3519:Gypsum Springs FM 3329:North-east Plains 3012:978-0-8166-9631-4 2921:. April 23, 2012. 2798:Geoffrey Morgan, 2264:"Standing on oil" 2190:978-1-78663-674-4 1822:, April 11, 2012. 1719:10.2118/141434-MS 1610:www.cer-rec.gc.ca 1295:Nordquist, J.W., 1242:Double H Pipeline 715:S, also known as 422: 421: 208:Madison Limestone 198:Three Forks Group 75: 74: 54:length guidelines 16:(Redirected from 3826: 3779:Shale formations 3749:Devonian Montana 3617:Saskatchewan GRP 3410:Judith River GRP 3380:Cypress Hills FM 3324:Canadian Rockies 3310:Southern Alberta 3256: 3249: 3242: 3233: 3202:Bakken formation 3188: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3063: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2965: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2923: 2922: 2919:Associated Press 2905: 2899: 2898: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2847: 2841: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2796: 2790: 2780: 2774: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2755:. 17 April 2012. 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2658: 2647: 2646: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2533:Hess Corporation 2525: 2519: 2518: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2414: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2381: 2375: 2365: 2359: 2349: 2343: 2333: 2327: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2258: 2252: 2249:Elm Coulee Field 2246: 2240: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2204: 2195: 2194: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2156: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2132: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2096: 2090: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2058: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1977:. Archived from 1971: 1965: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1941:. Archived from 1935: 1926: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1899: 1890: 1884: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1848:. Archived from 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1773: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1696: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1674:. Archived from 1661: 1655: 1644: 1638: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1601: 1595: 1581: 1575: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1429: 1423: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1391: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1340: 1331: 1322: 1316: 1313:Associated Press 1306: 1300: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1274:. Archived from 1267: 1142:American Midwest 1028:Hess Corporation 1004:public companies 709:Hydrogen sulfide 477: 476: 473: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 450:Bakken Formation 409: 358: 356: 355: 346: 344: 343: 320: 319: 317: 316: 315: 310: 306: 303: 302: 301: 298: 176: 167: 104: 80:Bakken Formation 77: 70: 67: 61: 52:Please read the 38: 37: 30: 21: 18:Bakken shale oil 3834: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3719: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3708:Canadian Shield 3661:Winnipegosis FM 3639:Souris River FM 3595:Three Forks GRP 3366: 3315:Central Alberta 3298: 3265: 3260: 3196: 3191: 3182: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3116: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3093: 3091: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2986: 2984: 2967: 2966: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2936: 2935: 2926: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2840:, 12 July 2013. 2835: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2807:Wayback Machine 2797: 2793: 2782:David Shaffer, 2781: 2777: 2764: 2760: 2749:Today in Energy 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2650: 2645:. May 16, 2022. 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2366: 2362: 2350: 2346: 2334: 2330: 2324:Wayback Machine 2315:Julie Lefever, 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2292:Wayback Machine 2282: 2278: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2231: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2125:, Table 2, 2013 2120: 2116: 2106:Wayback Machine 2097: 2093: 2087:World shale gas 2084: 2080: 2066: 2064: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1929: 1917: 1913: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1871: 1867: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1813: 1809: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1728: 1726: 1698: 1697: 1690: 1681: 1679: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1645: 1641: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1592:Wayback Machine 1582: 1578: 1569: 1565: 1555: 1553: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1463: 1461: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1413: 1406: 1402: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1323: 1319: 1307: 1303: 1294: 1290: 1281: 1279: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1238: 1222: 1209: 1192: 1187: 1161: 1087: 1058: 1040:McKenzie County 1000: 924: 900: 891: 875: 867: 865:Proved reserves 811: 809:Recoverable oil 798:oil exploration 789: 784: 767: 759: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 721:crude petroleum 714: 664: 656: 632: 626: 597: 497:Williston Basin 457: 453: 410: 370:Williston Basin 353: 351: 350: 341: 339: 313: 311: 307: 304: 299: 296: 294: 292: 291: 179: 166: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 99: 98: 96: 71: 65: 62: 51: 48:may be too long 43:This article's 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3514:Gravelbourg FM 3511: 3506: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3479: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3415:Belly River FM 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3322:South-central 3320: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3195: 3194:External links 3192: 3190: 3189: 3164: 3125: 3100: 3075: 3049: 3038:(2): 515–560. 3018: 3011: 2993: 2955: 2924: 2900: 2882: 2862: 2842: 2829: 2815: 2813:, 6 Mar. 2013. 2791: 2775: 2758: 2736: 2710: 2678: 2648: 2630: 2598: 2570: 2556: 2538: 2520: 2502: 2484: 2475:"Chord Energy" 2466: 2448: 2430: 2401: 2376: 2360: 2344: 2328: 2308: 2296: 2276: 2253: 2241: 2225: 2196: 2189: 2171: 2142: 2127: 2114: 2091: 2089:, 17 May 2013. 2078: 2043: 2013: 1992: 1966: 1955: 1927: 1911: 1902:DMR Newsletter 1885: 1865: 1844:Price, Leigh. 1836: 1824: 1807: 1802:Bloomberg News 1797:Financial Post 1783: 1777:Bloomberg News 1760: 1755:Bloomberg News 1750:Financial Post 1736: 1688: 1656: 1639: 1621: 1596: 1576: 1563: 1536: 1522: 1501: 1470: 1445: 1424: 1411: 1400: 1381: 1357: 1332: 1317: 1301: 1288: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1221: 1218: 1208: 1205: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1169:mineral rights 1160: 1157: 1086: 1083: 1057: 1054: 999: 996: 923: 922:East side trap 920: 899: 896: 890: 887: 874: 871: 866: 863: 810: 807: 788: 785: 783: 780: 763:Main article: 757: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 712: 691:unconventional 683:permeabilities 663: 660: 625: 622: 596: 593: 420: 419: 402: 401: 398: 394: 393: 392:J.W. 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