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171:. Some oral histories claim that the land as empty before their arrival, but also date the arrival to the 11th century CE, while archaeological finds show human occupation of the region to be much older. The Bainuk as such may have been formed by a merger between original inhabitants who had lived in Casamance for centuries and newcomers from the
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cultural customs. There is supposedly a curse on the Bainuk, laid by a tyrannical king upon his execution by his rebellious subjects, which pushes some people to downplay their origins and language. Others, however, are reclaiming Bainuk heritage and preserving their history.
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traders and denying them access to inland trade routes. At the end of the 16th century they relaxed this policy as part of collaboration with the
Portuguese against Kasa, but gradually clamped back down afterwards. In 1830 the Bainuk kingdom, a vassal of
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is attributed to the
Portuguese, who derived the word from Mandinka and applied it as a collective name for a number of groups settled at strategic sites along waterways, portages, and trade paths between the Gambia and Cacheu rivers.... Possibly
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oral history from the Pakao area of the middle
Casamance records that the name "Bainouk" was a pejorative term, first used after the Mandinka defeated them battle in the late 16th century, meaning "those who are chased away," from the
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Many Bainuk are adherents of Islam, a process that began around the 17th century due to the influence of Muslim Mande scholars and merchants settling in the region. Some also practice their traditional
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430:
Drame, Aly (2009). "Migration, Marriage, and
Ethnicity: The Early Development of Islam in Precolonial Middle Casamance". In Diouf, Mamadou; Leichtman, Mara (eds.).
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Mane, Idrissa (2021). "Les Banun: espaces, origines, et formation". In Fall, Mamadou; Fall, Rokhaya; Mane, Mamadou (eds.).
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Schaffer, Matt. “Bound to Africa: The
Mandinka Legacy in the New World.” History in Africa, vol. 32, 2005, p 332. JSTOR,
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The Bainuk states dominated the riverine and coastal trade in the region, heavily restricting the activities of
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179:. This gave rise to the eastern Banyun, the Ijaxer, who joined the Gunyun and Nanyun, or western Banyun.
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was originally a Bainuk tradition, mixed with Mande concepts, that has been adopted by the Jola.
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New
Perspectives on Islam in Senegal: Conversion, Migration, Wealth, Power, and Femininity
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Institut
Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire. Musée Historique de Gorée Exhibit (August 2024).
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381:"Western Africa To c1860 A.D. A Provisional Historical Schema Based On Climate Periods"
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Western Africa, 1000-1630
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In the fifteenth century, there were at least five Bainuk states including
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The Bainuk are believed to have been the first inhabitants of the lower
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identifies Mande traders engaged in long-distance commerce (Map 9).
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194:. The Bainuk were also a major component of the population of the
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476:(Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1994) p. 73, 179.
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The
Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
113:) are an ethnic group that today lives primarily in
491:(in French). Dakar: HGS Editions. pp. 317–376.
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27:
983:This article about an ethnic group in Africa is a
489:Bipolarisation du Senegal du XVIe - XVIIe siecle
237:In modern times the Bainuk have heavily adopted
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483:(Cambridge: University Press, 1998), p. 21
143:served as a generic term for "trader," much as
504:Bainouk and its main contact language Mandinka
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175:areas to the east, pushed west by the rising
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472:Clark, Andrew F. and Lucie Colvin Phillips,
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340:Olson, James Stuart; Meur, Charles (1996).
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388:Indiana University African Studies Program
346:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 70.
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436:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 169–182.
481:Senegambia and the Atlantic Salve Trade
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198:. They dominated the area between the
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309:http://www.jstor.org/stable/20065748
987:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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379:Brooks, George E. (August 1985).
159:word "bai" meaning "chase away."
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474:Historical Dictionary of Senegal
266:The Bainuk are known as skilled
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891:Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau
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54:African traditional religion
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725:Ethnic groups in the Gambia
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1049:African ethnic group stubs
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1034:Ethnic groups in Senegal
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311:. Accessed 4 June 2023.
290:(Westview Press, 1993;
117:as well as in parts of
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851:The Gambia portal
230:, was destroyed by a
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286:George E. Brooks,
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65:(also called
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989:expanding it
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216:Jola peoples
200:Cacheu river
196:Kasa kingdom
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19:Ethnic group
16:Ethnic group
177:Mali Empire
1028:Categories
957:Portuguese
678:Toucouleur
296:0813312620
234:invasion.
223:Portuguese
596:Karoninka
457:Mane 2021
418:Mane 2021
367:Mane 2021
321:Mane 2021
298:), p. 87.
257:animistic
184:Bichangor
134:The name
129:Etymology
28:Languages
942:Mankanya
932:Mandinka
806:Niominka
786:Mankanya
776:Mandinka
766:Jakhanke
646:Niominka
621:Mankanya
611:Mandinka
601:Konyagui
586:Jakhanke
208:Mandinka
202:and the
192:Buguando
186:, Jase,
157:Mandinka
152:Mandinka
44:Religion
927:Landuma
917:Biafada
912:Bassari
907:Balanta
828:Soninke
756:Biafada
751:Bassari
746:Balanta
668:Soninke
571:Biafada
561:Bassari
556:Balanta
467:Sources
250:Culture
232:Balanta
212:Balanta
163:History
115:Senegal
99:Banyung
91:Bagnoun
83:Bainunk
79:Bainouk
937:Manjak
902:Bainuk
796:Laalaa
781:Manjak
741:Bainuk
636:Laalaa
616:Manjak
566:Bedick
551:Bainuk
440:
394:30 May
350:
294:
204:Gambia
190:, and
141:Banyun
136:Banyun
119:Gambia
111:Elunay
107:Elomay
95:Banhum
87:Banyum
75:Banyun
67:Banyuk
23:Bainuk
952:Papel
833:Wolof
821:Saafi
816:Palor
791:Serer
683:Wolof
661:Saafi
656:Palor
631:Serer
626:Papel
576:Dyula
390:: 184
384:(PDF)
274:Notes
268:dyers
261:Kumpo
239:Mande
228:Kaabu
173:Tenda
145:dyula
109:, or
71:Banun
50:Islam
985:stub
947:Nalu
922:Jola
811:Noon
801:Ndut
771:Jola
761:Fula
673:Susu
651:Noon
641:Ndut
606:Lebu
591:Jola
581:Fula
438:ISBN
396:2023
348:ISBN
292:ISBN
243:Jola
241:and
214:and
188:Foni
121:and
61:The
736:Aku
103:Ñuñ
1030::
386:.
328:^
218:.
210:,
125:.
105:,
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398:.
356:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.