30:
329:
in the king's absence, administered royal castles, and managed the royal finances and revenue. The seneschal's power was over only viscounts and not castellans, and the constable was still superior to the seneschal due in part to the kingdom's constant state of war. During coronations the seneschal
112:
states. The constable was officially the second-in-command of the army, in which he exercised police authority and commanded a division twice as large as all others. In addition, constables also determined the boundaries and borders of the kingdom. During the coronation the constable would hold the
830:, but their specific duties are mostly unknown and were probably not particularly important; one of the duties of the viscount was apprehending criminals and administering justice in the lower-class burgess court. Like the office of butler, these offices may not have survived the move to Acre.
574:
is an interesting example of the fossilization of 11th century offices. It consisted of only a few secretaries and scribes, and never became the large administrative bureaucracy that had developed elsewhere in Europe. Chancellors tended to be clergymen who often became bishops or archbishops,
575:
sometimes while still holding the chancellery. The relative unimportance of the chancellor reflects the relative decentralization of royal authority as compared to states like France or
England that were at the same time becoming more centralized.
232:
was next-in-command (and, apparently, a literal vassal) to the constable. He led the mercenaries and was in charge of the army's horses, and distributed the spoils of a victorious battle. On coronation day the marshal would assist the constable.
444:
administered the royal household and its servants, and had other honorary duties such as administering oaths. On coronation day the chamberlain would robe the king. He had his own fief from which he drew his salary.
685:. In the 13th century the bailiff ruled essentially as a king himself, and was the most powerful man in the kingdom, as the kings were usually foreign monarchs who did not live permanently in the kingdom.
87:
The lists given below are incomplete, as the specific names and dates of the officers are sometimes unknown. After the fall of the
Kingdom of Jerusalem, the offices were sometimes awarded as honors by the
826:
These two offices were sometimes held by one person and sometimes held by two separate people; sometimes one or the other was not held at all. They were named by the king and occupied the
84:. The offices continued to develop in France and England, but in Jerusalem they tended to develop more slowly or not at all, taking on different roles than their European counterparts.
108:
and judged legal cases pertaining to the military. He was the most important officer in the kingdom, due to the almost constant state of warfare that existed between the
Christian and
325:
in
Jerusalem never achieved the prominence of its European counterparts but was important nonetheless. The seneschal administered the coronation ceremony, oversaw the
1055:
1050:
884:
814:
728:
398:
204:
156:
80:
Essentially these offices developed from the typical officials that existed in northern France in the 11th century, the homeland of the first
874:
940:
677:) administered the kingdom in the absence or minority of the king, in the capacity of a regent; for example, during the captivity of
1012:
966:
889:
879:
894:
174:
796:
603:
117:
642:
597:
571:
1045:
1000:
162:
778:
713:
682:
678:
479:
326:
150:
707:
648:
377:
341:
246:
802:
654:
210:
734:
633:
168:
1018:
790:
755:
623:
441:
404:
297:
144:
54:
808:
425:
29:
347:
288:
138:
766:
746:
740:
695:
613:
582:
392:
261:
240:
132:
81:
1008:
419:
413:
386:
186:
89:
542:
491:
849:
719:
701:
689:
609:
551:
368:
303:
279:
192:
126:
827:
1039:
990:
784:
772:
180:
17:
567:
333:
The office was similar to, but not as developed as, the
English office of the
62:
570:
drew up deeds and charters and managed the kingdom's diplomatic service. The
334:
322:
105:
101:
74:
50:
42:
529:
70:
670:
229:
66:
46:
528:
was in charge of the royal table and also administered the kingdom's
525:
109:
58:
1030:
Monarchy and
Lordship in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291
28:
330:
would hold the royal sceptre and oversee the coronation feast.
939:
Archer, Thomas Andrew; Kingsford, Charles
Lethbridge (1894).
978:
Feudal
Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291
941:"The Crusades: The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem"
1023:
The Feudal
Nobility in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277
980:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1932. Cf. pp. 252–60.
57:(which were known as the "Grand Offices"), the
987:. Oxford University Press, 1965 (trans. 1972).
934:
932:
930:
928:
8:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
216:Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (c. 1359?)
855:Roard the younger (castellan, 1165–1177?)
630:Conrad I from 1190), in Tyre) (1188–1192)
33:Coat of arms of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
906:
885:Officers of the Principality of Antioch
752:Odo of Montbéliard (1236–1240), at Acre
1056:Government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
858:Peter of Creseto (castellan, c. 1173?)
864:Peter of Creseto (castellan, c. 1178)
7:
1051:People from the Kingdom of Jerusalem
861:Balian of Jaffa (castellan, c. 1178)
843:Roard the elder (both?, 1135?–1150?)
39:officers of the kingdom of Jerusalem
875:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
65:. At certain times there were also
25:
967:Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange
890:Officers of the County of Tripoli
880:Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus
840:Anscatinus (viscount, 1120–1135?)
895:Officers of the County of Edessa
997:. Winfield and Nicholson, 1972.
681:, and the youth and illness of
1005:The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
995:The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
973:, ed. M.E-G. Rey, Paris, 1869.
1:
846:Arnoul (viscount, 1155–1181?)
725:Raymond III of Tripoli (1186)
604:Frederick, Archbishop of Tyre
509:Renaud of Caiphas (1230–1232)
506:Rohard of Caiphas (1201–1220)
473:Gauvain de la Roche (c. 1156)
198:Richard of Neublans (c. 1277)
90:kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem
1025:, Archon Books, London,1973.
837:Pisellus (viscount, c. 1110)
515:Philip of Cossie (1250–1269)
285:James of Dournai (1211–1217)
219:Peter of Lusignan (c. 1415?)
201:Simon of Montolif (c. 1284?)
1007:. North-Holland: New York.
834:Anselm (castellan, c. 1110)
643:Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre
410:Robert of Cresque (c. 1269)
1072:
763:John of Ibelin (1246–1248)
598:Ralph, bishop of Bethlehem
548:Robert Crispin (1145–1146)
512:John of Cossie (1232–1250)
500:Henry of Canelli (c. 1192)
383:Obertus Nepos (1187–1192?)
294:Philip of Cossie (c. 1250)
255:Gerard of Pugi (1169–1174)
365:Guy le François (c. 1164)
309:William Canet (1269–1273)
104:commanded the army, paid
1032:, Clarendon Press, 1989.
822:Viscounts and Castellans
634:Peter, bishop of Tripoli
476:Gerard of Pugi (c. 1169)
267:Walter Durus (1185–1192)
971:Les Familles d'Outremer
353:Hugo Chostard (c. 1112)
708:Raymond III of Tripoli
431:Philip of Ibelin (?–?)
378:Joscelin III of Edessa
247:Joscelin III of Edessa
34:
803:Roger of San Severino
356:Anscherius (c. 1122?)
312:James Vidal (c. 1277)
270:Hugh Martin (c. 1191)
163:Walter of Montbéliard
123:Hugh Caulis (c. 1120)
37:There were six major
32:
1019:Jonathan Riley-Smith
791:Geoffrey of Sergines
749:(1231–1242), at Tyre
714:Raynald of Châtillon
624:Conrad of Montferrat
470:Nicholas (1150–1152)
405:Geoffrey of Sergines
298:Geoffrey of Sergines
145:Humphrey II of Toron
18:Bailiff of Jerusalem
649:Raoul of MĂ©rencourt
591:Franco (1133–1135?)
480:Amalric of Lusignan
449:Strabulon (c. 1099)
348:Gervase of Bazoches
289:Riccardo Filangieri
252:William (1159–1171)
211:Amalric of Lusignan
151:Amalric of Lusignan
139:Manasses of Hierges
976:John L. La Monte,
747:Richard Filangieri
735:Odo of Montbéliard
696:William I of Bures
660:Maregnan (c. 1234)
655:Simon of Maugastel
614:archbishop of Tyre
594:Helias (1136–1142)
588:Amelinus (c. 1130)
497:Thomas (1190–1197)
464:Joscelin (c. 1138)
455:Gerard (1108–1115)
452:Geoffrey (c. 1099)
393:Raymond of Gibelet
262:Gerard of Ridefort
241:Eudes of St. Amand
175:Philip of Montfort
169:Odo of Montbéliard
133:William I of Bures
82:kings of Jerusalem
35:
815:Baldwin of Ibelin
619:Lambert (c. 1177)
557:Miles (1185–1186)
539:Gervais (c. 1107)
488:Raymond (c. 1184)
461:Ralph (1129–1130)
420:Jean I de Grailly
414:Olivier de Termes
399:Baldwin of Ibelin
387:Ralph of Tiberias
205:Baldwin of Ibelin
187:William of Botron
16:(Redirected from
1063:
954:
951:
945:
944:
936:
923:
920:
852:(both?, c. 1160)
797:Balian of Ibelin
741:Thomas of Aquino
536:Winric (c. 1099)
492:Balian of Ibelin
458:John (1119–1128)
342:Hugh of St. Omer
276:John (1194–1200)
273:Arnulf (c. 1193)
237:Sado (1125–1154)
21:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1046:Medieval titles
1036:
1035:
1028:Steven Tibble,
983:Hans E. Mayer,
963:
958:
957:
952:
948:
938:
937:
926:
921:
908:
903:
871:
850:Odo of St Amand
824:
758:(1240), at Acre
756:Walter Penenpié
720:Guy of Lusignan
702:Miles of Plancy
690:Eustace Grenier
667:
639:Eudes (c. 1190)
564:
552:Odo of St Amand
522:
467:Miles (c. 1138)
438:
374:Ralph (c. 1176)
369:Miles of Plancy
359:Isaac (c. 1149)
319:
304:John of Gibelet
280:Aymar de Lairon
226:
193:Balian of Arsuf
127:Eustace Grenier
98:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1016:
998:
988:
981:
974:
962:
959:
956:
955:
946:
924:
905:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
870:
867:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
828:Tower of David
823:
820:
819:
818:
812:
809:Odo Poilechien
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
779:John of Ibelin
776:
770:
764:
761:
760:
759:
753:
750:
738:
732:
729:John of Ibelin
726:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
652:
646:
640:
637:
631:
622:Bandinus (for
620:
617:
607:
601:
595:
592:
589:
586:
580:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
549:
546:
540:
537:
521:
518:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
503:John (c. 1194)
501:
498:
495:
489:
486:
485:John (c. 1179)
483:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
437:
434:
433:
432:
429:
426:Odo Poilechien
423:
417:
411:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
381:
375:
372:
371:(c. 1168–1174)
366:
363:
362:John (c. 1151)
360:
357:
354:
351:
345:
344:(c. 1100–1104)
321:The office of
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
307:
301:
295:
292:
286:
283:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
259:
258:John (c. 1179)
256:
253:
250:
244:
238:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
214:
208:
202:
199:
196:
190:
184:
181:John of Ibelin
178:
172:
166:
160:
157:John of Ibelin
154:
148:
142:
136:
130:
129:(c. 1123-1123)
124:
121:
113:king's horse.
97:
94:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1068:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:0-444-85092-9
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
991:Joshua Prawer
989:
986:
982:
979:
975:
972:
968:
965:
964:
960:
950:
947:
942:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
907:
900:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
868:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
831:
829:
821:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:John of Arsuf
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:John of Arsuf
771:
768:
765:
762:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
625:
621:
618:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
569:
561:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
533:
531:
527:
519:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
446:
443:
435:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
338:
336:
331:
328:
324:
316:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
223:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
107:
103:
95:
93:
91:
85:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
1029:
1022:
1004:
1001:Jean Richard
994:
985:The Crusades
984:
977:
970:
961:Bibliography
953:Richard, 76.
949:
922:Richard, 77.
825:
743:(1227–1228)
674:
668:
627:
579:Arnoul (?–?)
565:
523:
439:
436:Chamberlains
407:(1254–1267?)
332:
320:
227:
135:(1123–1141?)
99:
86:
79:
38:
36:
26:
817:(1286–1287)
811:(1281–1286)
805:(1277–1281)
799:(1276–1277)
793:(1259–1261)
787:(1256–1258)
781:(1254–1256)
775:(1249–1254)
769:(1248–1249)
767:Jean Fuinon
737:(1223–1227)
731:(1206–1210)
722:(1183–1185)
710:(1173–1177)
698:(1123–1124)
657:(1226–1227)
651:(1206–1215)
645:(1192–1200)
636:(1185–1192)
616:(1174–1183)
600:(1146–1174)
585:(1115–1128)
572:chancellery
562:Chancellors
554:(1164–1167)
545:(1120–1136)
494:(1183–1185)
482:(1175–1178)
442:Chamberlain
428:(1278–1286)
422:(1272–1276)
389:(1194–1220)
380:(1176–1190)
306:(1261–1262)
291:(1231–1242)
249:(1156–1159)
243:(1155–1156)
213:(1285–1300)
195:(1268–1277)
189:(1258–1262)
183:(1251–1258)
171:(1220–1244)
165:(1206–1211)
159:(1194–1205)
153:(1179–1194)
147:(1152–1179)
141:(1144–1151)
120:(1108–1115)
106:mercenaries
55:chamberlain
1040:Categories
1003:. (1979).
683:Baldwin IV
679:Baldwin II
568:chancellor
327:Haute Cour
317:Seneschals
96:Constables
75:castellans
63:chancellor
901:Citations
606:(c. 1150)
530:vineyards
401:(c. 1256)
395:(c. 1240)
350:(c. 1104)
335:exchequer
323:seneschal
300:(c. 1254)
282:(c. 1206)
264:(c. 1179)
207:(c. 1286)
177:(c. 1244)
102:constable
71:viscounts
51:seneschal
43:constable
869:See also
665:Bailiffs
224:Marshals
67:bailiffs
61:and the
671:bailiff
628:de jure
610:William
520:Butlers
230:marshal
47:marshal
1011:
716:(1177)
704:(1173)
692:(1123)
675:bailli
526:butler
416:(1269)
110:Muslim
59:butler
53:, the
49:, the
45:, the
41:: the
583:Pagan
543:Pagan
118:Simon
1009:ISBN
673:(or
669:The
566:The
524:The
440:The
228:The
100:The
73:and
77:.
1042::
1021:,
993:,
969:,
927:^
909:^
612:,
532:.
337:.
92:.
69:,
1015:.
943:.
626:(
20:)
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