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458:(1938) changed the street's status again. The main north-south artery moved west, bypassing Balchug. Houses between the bridge and Balchug street were razed (the northern end of this site remains vacant). What was left in the 1930s was destroyed in the 1990s. First, the old Balchug Hotel was built out from 4 to 9 stories high, then a Central Bank building replaced the few surviving buildings between the bridge and Balchug. One 19th century single-story building remains as a facade curtain for a nine-story office block (see
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Sadovniki East refers to a mixed neighborhood of residential, educational, and industrial buildings on
Sadovnicheskaya Street. It retained most of the traditional Zamoskvorechye air. The recent wave of development replaced the old textile mill with a block-sized office compound. Other than that, the
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Despite the lack of the name proper in some popular publications the island was either referred to by the name of one of the localities on it: Balchug, Bolotny, Sadovnicheskiy or due to its proximity to the
Kremlin as Kremlevskiy or due to its land value as Zolotoy (after gold) or simply Bezymyanniy
423:
Eventually, as the city grew south into
Zamoskvorechye, Balchug became a market street, with butchers, bakers, inns, and public baths, according to tax records from 1669. In 1701, the Gardens and Balchug were swept by fire; another fire followed in 1730. The market reappeared each time, but in 1735
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shipping up the canal. A new channel extension east was built to bypass the old 90-degree turn; as the 1853 map shows, the new canal cut the Red Hills neighborhood away from the mainland. For a while, the island was cut into three parts, then, when the
Balchug moat was filled, in two. The moat
532:
This plan was implemented in between 1783 and 1786 (the grain terminal was never built). An 1807 plan shows only one additional island west of
Bersenevka; otherwise, it follows Kazakov's project, with the main island cut into two halves by the Balchug moat.
427:
1783 flood destroyed most of
Balchug and Sadovniki, including the St. George bell tower. By 1786, the city built the original Vodootvodny Canal, a flood control dike following the old river bed. The first metal bridge in Moscow,
494:. In 1783, the area was swept away by a severe flood that damaged the bridge; in order to repair it, the Moskva River was temporarily drained, while its old riverbed was reconstructed into the four-kilometer-long
690:
Bersenevka, the oldest part of the island, boasts architectural diversity with buildings such as the Averky
Kirillov estate (1650s, rebuilt 1703–1711), including the manor house, and the St. Nicholas Church. The
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over the Moskva River and their lesser siblings over the Canal) cut the island into five distinct parts. In addition to the bridges listed above, the island is connected to the
Zamoskvorechye mainland by
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City planners have been considering converting
Bersenevka industrial buildings into an upscale hotel and condominium. The work accelerated when the Guta Development was hired to manage the project.
771:'s headquarters. The city had plans to rebuild the low-rise Boloto but as of 2007, they had not materialized. Many historical houses have been evacuated and have stood unattended for years.
868:). As recently as 15 years ago, the eastern tip of the island was occupied by low-rise industrial buildings, but they were torn down and replaced by offices, a hotel tower (2006), and the
740:, is literally "swamp". The territory was occupied by royal gardens until 1701. Later, it was cleared for a parade ground and witnessed a number of public executions, including that of
474:
1739 map, before the Canal. River level shown at a summer low: old river bed dried out, leaving isolated patches of mud. White fields near the rivers are the uninhabited floodlands
382:
as well as areas further east. The main trading road to the south and the river crossing also moved to the east, to present-day
Balchug and Pyatnitskaya streets. The name
400:
set up royal gardens west of Balchug Street across from the Kremlin. The gardeners settled east of Balchug, giving its name to the Sadovniki neighborhood and present-day
446:
361:
931:
440:, was completed in 1872. Until the 1930s, Balchug remained a street of two-story shops; the only four-story building belonged to the Novomoskovskaya Hotel (now the
521:
west of Bersenevka to create two more islands. In the east, he planned to flood uninhabited farmland and connect the canal to Moskva River inside the present-day
370:
Balchug is one of the oldest Moscow streets outside of the Kremlin walls. It emerged towards the end of the 14th century, when the new Kremlin built by
1093:
50:
780:
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393:, meaning "dirt" or "mud". Muddy conditions in the area were caused by migrations of the river bed, frequent floods, and inadequate drainage.
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803:), is the densest area of the island. It houses Moscow's first electrical powerplant (still active); offices are occupied by electrical (
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is under construction, scheduled for completion at the end of 2007. The City announced plans to build a pedestrian bridge across the
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was reduced to its present-day width (see 1824 map). The canal's eastern end was also reduced to its original width of 30 meters.
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in 1786. It does not have any historical, official or established name. In the relevant sources it is referred to simply as the
258:
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482:, the first permanent bridge in the city, linked Zamoskvorechye with the city to the north. Four years later, Russia's first
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19th-century architecture remains remarkably well preserved. Sadovniki also possess two 1930s memorial buildings, the
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Despite the unprepossessing name, Boloto was home to some of the finest mansions. One, owned by industrialist
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the government relocated the butchers beyond the city limits; by 1744 the market was selling mostly horses.
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1013:
Moscow as an Emergent World City: International Links, Business Developments and the Entrepreneurial City
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1003:, Архитектурный вестник, 2004, «Генплан Москвы. 1935. Вид на Лужники, Замоскворечье и Болотный остров.»
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experiment that led to the construction of block-wide apartment houses, one of which now serves as
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514:(senior). In addition to separating Balchug Island from Zamoskvorechye, he proposed cutting two
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984:// gzt.ru, 28.09.2009: Главный архитектор Москвы Александр Кузьмин о судьбе Болотного Острова
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860:, Red Hills was separated from the island by a narrow canal running just outside the
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420:. One moat was just 50 meters east of Balchug Street and survived until the 1850s.
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and warehouse. The moat east of Balchug had to be cleared and widened, too.
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275:. It is made up of an artificial island and is located right across from
1084:
This section is based on P.V.Sytin's "History of Moscow Streets" (1948)
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906:И. Л. Бусева-Давыдова, М. В. Нащокина, М. И. Астафьева-Длугач (1997).
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432:(1830), connected Balchug with the Zamoskvorechye mainland. A steel
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area. The island itself was split into four localities: Bersenevka (
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1015:// Russian Academy of Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder
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The first documented project was drawn in 1775, presumably by
26:
1039:"Остров везения: где можно купить элитное жилье на Балчуге"
498:(English: "Water Bypass Channel"), which is now spanned by
667:
in Red Hills, but no draft had been published as of 2007.
695:
are dominated by the red-brick buildings of the former
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was built in front of the bridge in order to welcome
525:; the island's east would also serve as the city's
416:—survive in the names of Raushskaya Embankment and
223:
218:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
994:Классическое и постклассическое градостроительство
901:
899:
799:, including Balchug Street and the beginning of
283:and its old riverbed, which was turned into the
537:Evolution of Vodootvodny Canal and the island
8:
930:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
659:over the Vodootvodny Canal; an extension of
129:
910:(in Russian). М.: Стройиздат. p. 212.
378:settlement into what is known today as the
128:
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
971:ЛЕГЕНДЫ О МОСКВЕ. Остров в Центре Москвы
895:
540:
923:
1045:. РосБизнесКонсалтинг. Archived from
982:«Кремлин-Сити» в Генплане не значится
791:Balchug is the short stretch between
602:separating it from the mainland were
366:(left), Central Bank building (right)
7:
1025:Юрий Александров, Кремлёвский остров
707:, facing east, houses two theaters.
657:two road and four pedestrian bridges
294:The island a part of the historical
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1068:"Районы-кварталы: Остров невезения"
870:Moscow International House of Music
418:St. George Church "v Endove" (1653)
199:Moscow International House of Music
908:Москва: Архитектурный путеводитель
856:Prior to the 1938 construction of
775:, which faces the canal, contains
617:west of the island, which enabled
25:
763:. In the 1890s, Moscow started a
626:was filled in the 1930s when the
880:The view of the island from the
697:Krasny Oktyabr chocolate factory
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31:
1037:Владимир Миронов (2016-12-05).
748:rebels on January 21 [
686:. Averky Kirillov estate, right
259:Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
42:needs additional citations for
1:
858:Bolshoy Krasnokholmsky Bridge
628:Bolshoy Krasnokholmsky Bridge
598:, the western island and the
351:Balchug street, as seen from
197:, Hotel Baltschug Kempinski,
1027:// «Наше Наследие» № 54 2000
613:In 1835, the city built the
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253:A view over Balchug and the
233:Central Administrative Okrug
66:"Island" Zamoskvorechye
793:Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
783:that personify human vice.
752:January 10] 1775.
456:Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
353:Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
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826:
726:Embassy in Boloto, facing
682:, 1927-1931, as seen from
950:"Остров в Центре Москвы?"
606:for development, and the
442:Baltschug Kempinski Hotel
436:north, to Red Square and
357:Baltschug Kempinski Hotel
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781:controversial sculptures
759:, eventually became the
454:Construction of the new
1148:Zamoskvorechye District
1143:River islands of Russia
797:Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge
699:(north) and the yellow
638:Four pairs of bridges (
238:Zamoskvorechye District
203:Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy
195:House on the Embankment
948:С. К. Романюк (2007).
886:
884:, an 1850s watercolour
829:Sadovnicheskaya Street
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801:Sadovnicheskaya Street
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550:1775 Canal project by
506:Kazakov's developments
480:Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge
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402:Sadovnicheskaya Street
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330:, after the gardens).
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827:Further information:
818:
807:) and oil companies.
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396:In the 15th century,
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1043:Элитная недвижимость
189:Clockwise from top:
51:improve this article
1138:Landforms of Moscow
1109:55.7444°N 37.6167°E
1105: /
705:House on Embankment
680:House on Embankment
615:Babyegorodskaya Dam
490:'s return from the
314:, swamp), Balchug (
257:, as seen from the
191:Saint Sophia Church
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999:2009-12-30 at the
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843:postconstructivist
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577:1824 map (project)
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242:Yakimanka District
1133:Islands of Russia
839:Textile Institute
777:Mikhail Chemiakin
701:Second Powerplant
684:Patriarshy Bridge
661:Patriarshy Bridge
589:1853 map (actual)
565:1807 map (actual)
496:Vodootvodny Canal
466:Vodootvodny Canal
285:Vodootvodny Canal
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492:Azov campaigns
484:triumphal arch
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372:Dmitri Donskoi
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343:Balchug Street
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296:Zamoskvorechye
269:Zamoskvorechye
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1074:. 2013-02-22.
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62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
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40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1090:
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1071:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
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665:Moskva River
644:Moskvoretsky
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612:
608:Moskva River
596:fire of 1812
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334:(nameless).
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281:Moskva River
279:between the
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255:Moskva River
209:Headquarters
113:
107:January 2021
104:
94:
87:
80:
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61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1112: /
862:Garden Ring
841:(1938) and
757:Gustav List
703:. The grey
693:river banks
624:Garden Ring
523:Garden Ring
500:ten bridges
445: [
414:Old Russian
386:comes from
374:pushed the
360: [
306:), Boloto (
304:Берсе́невка
277:the Kremlin
1127:Categories
1100:37°37′00″E
1097:55°44′40″N
1053:2019-04-29
890:References
846:School 518
671:Bersenevka
594:After the
527:grain port
380:Red Square
77:newspapers
926:cite book
852:Red Hills
805:Mosenergo
604:reclaimed
328:Садовники
219:Geography
997:Archived
872:(2003).
866:1853 map
821:Gershwin
648:Ustinsky
478:In 1692
460:facadism
438:Zaryadye
406:rovushki
224:Location
787:Balchug
769:Rosneft
746:Cossack
738:Russian
728:Kremlin
724:British
722:Former
488:Peter I
384:Balchug
338:History
324:Russian
320:Ба́лчуг
316:Russian
312:Боло́то
308:Russian
300:Russian
207:Rosneft
91:scholar
914:
734:Boloto
714:Boloto
434:bridge
410:endovy
391:balčyk
289:Island
273:Moscow
265:Island
228:Moscow
130:Island
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
864:(see
736:, in
619:barge
519:dikes
449:]
388:Tatar
376:posad
364:]
98:JSTOR
84:books
932:link
912:ISBN
795:and
750:O.S.
600:dike
408:and
267:(or
201:and
70:news
779:'s
462:).
451:).
412:in
53:by
1129::
1070:.
1041:.
952:.
940:^
928:}}
924:{{
898:^
650:,
646:,
642:,
502:.
447:ru
362:ru
355:.
326::
318::
310::
302::
291:.
205:,
193:,
1056:.
960:.
958:3
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920:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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