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to obtain the promised funds from the
Byzantines, the Crusaders conquered the most powerfully protected city in the world. Stunned at their own success and unsure of what to do next, the leaders adopted a similar track as their forefathers had during the First Crusade. They elected one of their own, Count Baldwin of Flanders as emperor (of what modern historians refer to as the Latin Empire) and divided imperial lands into feudal counties.
609:. This Marie began sufficiently young to devote herself to divine obedience in prayers, vigils, fasts and alms. Her husband Baldwin, a young knight, by chaste living, scorning all other women, began to love her alone with a fervent love, which is rarely found in any man, so that he devoted himself to his sole wife only and was content with her alone. The solemn rejoicing of the wedding was celebrated at
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794:. While Boniface was considered the most probable choice, due to his connections with the Byzantine court, Baldwin was young, gallant, pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly, and the most popular leader in the host. With Venetian support he was elected on 9 May 1204, and crowned on 16 May in the
760:
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Baldwin left behind his two-year-old daughter and his pregnant wife, Countess Marie. Marie was regent for
Baldwin for the two years she remained in Flanders and Hainaut, but by early 1204, she had left both her children behind to join him in the East. They expected to return in a couple of years, but
750:
in large part due to the exiled
Byzantine prince Alexios (future Emperor Alexios IV Angelos) who promised them supplies and money in return for their help in ousting his uncle Emperor Alexios III Angelos, and freeing his father Isaac II Angelus. In April 1204, after numerous negotiations attempting
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For some time
Baldwin's fate was uncertain, and in the meanwhile Henry, his brother, assumed the regency. Not until the middle of July the following year was it ascertained that he was dead. The circumstances of Baldwin's death are not exactly known. It seems that he was at first treated well as a
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principles; the emperor was feudal superior of the princes who received portions of the conquered territory: in
October 1204 he enfeoffed 600 knights who occupied lands formerly held by Greek nobles. His own special portion consisted of the city of Constantinople, the adjacent regions both on the
158:
989:
Twenty years later, in 1225, a man appeared in
Flanders claiming to be the presumed dead Baldwin. His claim soon became entangled in a series of rebellions and revolts in Flanders against the rule of Baldwin's daughter Jeanne. A number of people who had known Baldwin before the
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by
Baldwin V of Hainaut, although the two had been on seemingly uncordial terms since the 1186 treaty. Baldwin V thereupon ruled as Baldwin VIII of Flanders by right of marriage. When Countess Margaret I died in 1194, Flanders descended to her eldest son, Baldwin IX.
685:
took
Baldwin's brother, Philippe of Namur, prisoner, Baldwin was forced to agree to a truce to ensure his safety. The Treaty of Péronne was signed in January 1200 on the condition that Baldwin receive the territories he had won during the war. Baldwin was made the
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and the counts of
Flanders had tried to help Jerusalem relatives in their struggle. Baldwin wanted to continue the tradition. Margaret died in 1194, and the younger Baldwin became Count of Flanders. His father died the next year, and he succeeded to
1690:
731:. One detailed an extensive criminal code, and appears to be based on a now-lost charter of his father. The other laid down specific rules for inheritance. These are an important part of the legal tradition in Belgium.
509:
left on the last of his personal crusades in 1177, he designated
Baldwin, his brother-in-law, as his heir. When Philip returned in 1179 after an unsuccessful siege of Harim during a joint campaign on behalf of the
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Back in Flanders, however, there seemed to be doubt whether Baldwin was truly dead. In any case, Baldwin's other brother Philip of Namur remained as regent, and eventually both of Baldwin's daughters,
1683:
573:, Count Philip signed a peace treaty with Philip Augustus and Count Baldwin V on 10 March 1186, recognizing the cession of Vermandois to the king, although he was allowed to retain the title
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569:. Philip gave Matilda a dower of a number of major Flemish towns, in an apparent slight to Baldwin V. Fearing that he would be surrounded by the royal domain of France and the
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846:. In this enterprise in the summer of 1204, Baldwin came into collision with Boniface of Montferrat, the rival candidate for the empire, who received a large territory in
605:
Immediately after this arrangement, the count of Hainaut's son Baldwin, thirteen years old, received as wife Marie, the count of Champagne's sister, twelve years old, at
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Baldwin's own family had also been involved in the defence of Jerusalem: his uncle Philip had died on Crusade. Baldwin's maternal grandmother was great-aunt of Queen
937:, which passed into the hands of the Franks. According to a Bulgarian legend, Baldwin had caused his own downfall by trying to seduce Kaloyan's wife. The historian
920:, marched to besiege that city. The Frankish knights were defeated (14 April 1205); the count of Blois was slain, and the emperor captured by the Bulgarians (see
677:, and another significant piece to his own wife. Isabelle had died in 1190, but King Philip still retained her dowry, on behalf of Isabelle's son, the future
912:, whose overtures of alliance had been rejected by the emperor. The garrison of Adrianople was expelled. Baldwin along with Dandolo, the count of Blois, and
798:
at a ceremony which closely followed Byzantine practices. During his coronation, Baldwin wore a very rich jewel that had been bought by Byzantine Emperor
1506:
Wolff, Robert Lee (July 1952), "Baldwin of Flanders and Hainaut, First Latin Emperor of Constantinople: His Life, Death, and Resurrection, 1172–1225",
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for the remainder of his life. Philip died without further issue of disease on the Third Crusade at the siege of Acre in 1191, he was succeeded in
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Boniface hoped to make himself quite independent of the empire, to do no homage for his kingdom, and he opposed Baldwin's proposal to march to
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Meanwhile, desperate for funds to support themselves and pay for their expenses, the leaders of the Fourth Crusade were persuaded to divert to
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869:, where Baldwin had established a governor; civil war seemed inevitable. An agreement was effected by the efforts of Dandolo and Count
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in the 1190s (leaving a widow and two daughters who needed help to keep and regain their territories in Palestine). Marie's uncles
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and other Flemish territories as dowry, much to the dismay of Baldwin V. In 1180, war broke out between King Philip and his mentor
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valuable hostage, but was executed by the Bulgarian monarch in a sudden outburst of rage, perhaps in consequence of the revolt of
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rejected his claim, but he nonetheless attracted many followers from the ranks of the peasantry. Eventually unmasked as a
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It was not until July 1206 that the Latins in Constantinople had reliable information that Baldwin was dead. His brother
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838:. The territories still had to be conquered; first of all it was necessary to break the resistance of the Greeks in
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681:. The eight years of Baldwin's rule in Flanders were dominated by his attempts to recover some of this land. After
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describes Baldwin as being infatuated with his young bride, who nevertheless preferred prayer to the marital bed.
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Through Marie, Baldwin had additional connections and obligations to the defenders of the Holy Land: her brother
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in the end neither would see their children or their homeland again. In their absence Baldwin's younger brother
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In this fight against the French king, Baldwin allied with others who had quarrels with Philip, including kings
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1794:
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was regent in Flanders, with custody of the daughters. Baldwin's uncle William of Thy (an illegitimate son of
806:. There she learned of her husband's election as emperor, but died in August 1204 before she could join him.
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Harris, Jonathan, 'Collusion with the infidel as a pretext for military action against Byzantium', in
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from the emperor, and was appointed commander of the forces which were to march to the conquest of
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As part of his effort to leave his domains in good order, Baldwin issued two notable charters for
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Moore, John C. (January 1962), "Baldwin IX of Flanders, Philip Augustus and the Papal Power",
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790:, who refused it. The choice then lay between Baldwin and the nominal leader of the crusade,
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Romancing the Past: The Rise of Vernacular Prose Historiography in Thirteenth-century France
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aggravated the quarrel. Baldwin insisted on going to Thessalonica; Boniface laid siege to
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The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
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for 62,000 silver marks. Baldwin's wife Marie, unaware of these events, had sailed to
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1429:"The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth Crusade – A New Annotated Translation"
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44:
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558:
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1416:, ed. S. Lambert and H. Nicholson, Turnhout: Brepols, 2012, pp. 99–117.
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During the following winter (1204–1205) the Franks prosecuted conquests in
724:. He spent the next two years preparing, finally leaving on 14 April 1202.
522:. One year later, Philip of Flanders had his protégé married to his niece,
461:) from 1195 to 1205. Baldwin was one of the most prominent leaders of the
1437:
The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)
909:
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542:; King Philip refused to give open battle and gained the upper hand, and
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side, along with some outlying districts, and several islands including
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serf named Bertrand of Ray, the false Baldwin was executed in 1226.
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with an abundance of knights and ladies and men of whatever status.
1190:
The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary
1222:
A history of the Crusades, Volume II: the later Crusades 1189–1311
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1220:
Kenneth M. Setton, Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard eds.,
720:, Baldwin took the cross, meaning he committed to embark on a
38:
956:, reporting that Baldwin had died in prison. A tower of the
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AR maille or 'petit denier' struck in Ypres under Baldwin IX
1156:
The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare
30:"Baldwin of Flanders" redirects here. For other uses, see
673:, given by Philip of Alsace as dowry to Baldwin's sister
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died in 1183, and Philip Augustus seized the province of
1085:
968:; supposedly, it was the tower where he was interned.
1491:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
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1402:, London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2014.
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1414:Clash of Cultures: the Languages of Love and Hate
1072:Baldwin was in fact 14 years old when he married
690:of Philip II, and the king returned portions of
27:Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1172 – c. 1205)
1918:13th-century people from the county of Flanders
1913:12th-century people from the county of Flanders
1224:(London and Madison, second edition 1969), 159.
1868:13th-century Latin emperors of Constantinople
1684:
8:
960:fortress of the medieval Bulgarian capital,
514:, he was designated as the chief adviser of
477:. The following year he was defeated at the
469:in 1204, the conquest of large parts of the
1516:(3), Medieval Academy of America: 281–322,
782:The imperial crown was at first offered to
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1193:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 49.
1118:. University of California Press. p.
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665:Baldwin took possession of a much-reduced
546:, at first allied with his brother-in-law
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1898:Prisoners who died in Bulgarian detention
1453:(1), Medieval Academy of America: 79–89,
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669:, lessened by the large chunk, including
585:In 1186, the younger Baldwin had married
489:, and spent his last days as a prisoner.
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1007:
1257:
873:. Boniface received Thessalonica as a
861:. The antagonism between Flemings and
1344:Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
1312:The Fourth Crusade: Event and Context
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1159:. Taylor & Francis. p. 32.
941:reports that the Tsar had Baldwin's
67:adding citations to reliable sources
32:Baldwin of Flanders (disambiguation)
1763:as guardian and senior co-emperor)
1272:The Franks in the Aegean: 1204–1500
1086:Gislebert of Mons & Napran 2005
949:almost four hundred years before.
809:The Latin Empire was organized on
716:(23 February) 1200 in the town of
534:, resulting in the devastation of
150:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
1372:; Napran, Laura (trans.) (2005),
561:on behalf of Elisabeth's sister,
359:Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
1878:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
1832:
1352:University of Pennsylvania Press
394:Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
43:
1903:13th-century monarchs in Europe
1601:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
975:was crowned emperor in August.
904:, relying on the assistance of
712:. A month after the treaty, on
166:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
54:needs additional citations for
1704:Latin Empire of Constantinople
943:skull made into a drinking cup
329:(now Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria)
1:
1327:The Pursuit of the Millennium
1110:Gabrielle M. Spiegel (1993).
653:Count of Flanders and Hainaut
497:Baldwin was the son of Count
493:Early life and family history
431:
312:
1908:13th-century peers of France
1342:Evergates, Theodore (1999),
565:. Philip then remarried, to
473:, and the foundation of the
518:by his sickly father, King
505:. When the childless Count
439:Emperor of the Latin Empire
384:Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
18:Baldwin I of Constantinople
1934:
1400:Byzantium and the Crusades
945:, just as had happened to
888:Seal of Baldwin as emperor
743:) was regent for Hainaut.
354:Joan, Countess of Flanders
78:"Baldwin I, Latin Emperor"
29:
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1314:, Harlow: Pearson, 2003.
1187:Jana K. Schulman (2002).
155:
148:
1893:People from Valenciennes
1153:Matthew Bennett (1998).
465:, which resulted in the
453:) from 1194 to 1205 and
1335:Oxford University Press
1141:Treaty of Péronne 1200.
642:Isabella I of Jerusalem
512:Principality of Antioch
1839:Catholicism portal
952:Tsar Kaloyan wrote to
889:
792:Boniface of Montferrat
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503:Margaret I of Flanders
467:sack of Constantinople
427:
419:
1439:, Leiden: Brill, 2011
1325:Cohn, Norman (1970),
914:Marshal Villehardouin
887:
762:
741:Baldwin IV of Hainaut
660:
633:had just been on the
619:Henry II of Champagne
603:
1374:Chronicle of Hainaut
1270:Lock, Peter (1995),
922:Battle of Adrianople
852:king of Thessalonica
679:Louis VIII of France
627:Richard I of England
591:Henry I of Champagne
589:, daughter of Count
553:Count Philip's wife
548:Philip I of Flanders
544:Baldwin V of Hainaut
532:Philip I of Flanders
507:Philip I of Flanders
499:Baldwin V of Hainaut
479:Battle of Adrianople
63:improve this article
1378:Woodbridge, Suffolk
1236:, pp. 283–287.
1032:, pp. 281–282.
928:Captivity and death
683:Philip II of France
675:Isabelle of Hainaut
631:Philip II of France
575:Count of Vermandois
567:Matilda of Portugal
524:Isabelle of Hainaut
520:Louis VII of France
1883:Counts of Flanders
1483:Setton, Kenneth M.
1398:Harris, Jonathan,
1074:Marie of Champagne
964:, is still called
939:George Acropolites
890:
850:with the title of
780:
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339:Marie of Champagne
318:(aged about 32–33)
1888:Counts of Hainaut
1845:
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1711:Reigning emperors
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1639:Succeeded by
1632:Count of Flanders
1608:Succeeded by
1596:
1592:Byzantine Emperor
1555:House of Flanders
1427:Savignac, David.
1408:978-1-78093-767-0
1370:Gislebert of Mons
1310:Angold, Michael,
1296:, pp. 89–93.
954:Pope Innocent III
800:Manuel I Komnenos
623:King of Jerusalem
597:. The chronicler
571:County of Hainaut
485:, the emperor of
447:Count of Flanders
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303:Kingdom of France
212:Count of Flanders
205:Henry of Flanders
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595:Marie of France
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1061:Evergates 1999
1053:
1051:, p. 282.
1034:
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962:Veliko Tarnovo
929:
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788:Doge of Venice
784:Enrico Dandolo
772:Veliko Tarnovo
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463:Fourth Crusade
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781:
778:, built 1848
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611:Valenciennes
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295:Valenciennes
234:Baldwin VIII
194:Hagia Sophia
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61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
1863:1205 deaths
1858:1172 births
1791:Catherine I
1774:(1261–1383)
1713:(1204–1261)
1258:Setton 1976
1206:21 February
1172:21 February
1135:21 February
984:Margaret II
896:, in which
842:and secure
707:German King
435: 1205
316: 1205
265:Predecessor
226:Predecessor
1852:Categories
1816:Philip III
1781:Baldwin II
1756:Baldwin II
1663:1195–1205
1636:1194–1205
1621:Margaret I
1605:1204–1205
1331:Oxford, UK
1304:References
1246:Wolff 1952
1234:Wolff 1952
1200:0313308179
1166:1579581161
1129:0520077105
1098:Wolff 1952
1049:Wolff 1952
1030:Wolff 1952
1018:Wolff 1952
996:Burgundian
908:, tsar of
867:Adrianople
705:, and the
559:Vermandois
459:Baldwin VI
451:Baldwin IX
230:Margaret I
188:Coronation
89:newspapers
1811:Robert II
1805:Philip II
1720:Baldwin I
1652:Baldwin V
1584:Alexios V
1563:July 1172
1538:163762031
1475:159905474
1294:Cohn 1970
958:Tsarevets
918:historian
848:Macedonia
768:Tsarevets
699:Richard I
621:had been
599:Gislebert
555:Elisabeth
420:Boudewijn
412:Baldwin I
292:July 1172
275:Successor
269:Baldwin V
260:1195–1205
240:Successor
221:1194–1205
201:Successor
182:1204–1205
170:Claimant
144:Baldwin I
1786:Philip I
1751:Robert I
1700:Monarchs
1509:Speculum
1485:(1976).
1446:Speculum
1076:in 1186.
910:Bulgaria
894:Bithynia
863:Lombards
818:and the
816:European
776:Bulgaria
770:castle,
667:Flanders
579:Flanders
563:Eleonore
487:Bulgaria
428:Baudouin
400:Religion
325:Bulgaria
119:May 2020
1795:Charles
1737:Yolanda
1702:of the
1530:2853088
1467:2850600
992:crusade
906:Kaloyan
820:Asiatic
766:in the
729:Hainaut
722:crusade
710:Otto IV
647:Hainaut
536:Picardy
483:Kaloyan
321:Tarnovo
299:Hainaut
103:scholar
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688:vassal
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424:French
390:Mother
380:Father
335:Spouse
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1568:Died:
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1471:S2CID
1463:JSTOR
1002:Notes
973:Henry
898:Henry
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832:Chios
587:Marie
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179:Reign
110:JSTOR
96:books
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1493:ISBN
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