1175:
2226:
554:
830:
1681:
2212:
5092:
1049:
2240:
1291:
1643:
Byzantine's position in Italy had weakened significantly. In 800 CE, Charlemagne, now a king of multiple territories, was proclaimed "Emperor of the Romans" by the Pope. Charlemagne's claim to the imperial title of the Romans began a prolonged diplomatic controversy which was resolved only in 812 when the
Byzantines agreed to recognize him as "
1517:
2179:. Both to assert national independence from the will of the Great Powers, and to emphasize the constitutional responsibilities of the monarch towards the people, his title was modified to "King of the Hellenes", which remained the official royal title, until the abolition of the Greek monarchy in 1924 and 1973.
2395:
used the title "basileus": Two legal documents in which she signed herself as "Emperor of the Romans" and a gold coin of hers found in Sicily bearing the title of "basileus". In the case of the coin's inscription, its lettering is of poor quality and the attribution to Irene may, therefore, be
47:
1642:
The Pope would seize this opportunity to cite the imperial throne being held by a woman as vacant and establish his position as able to divinely appoint rulers. Leading up to this, Charlemagne and his
Frankish predecessors had increasingly become the Papacy's source of protection while the
682:, which is rendered conventionally in English as "kings". However, a more accurate translation may be "princes" or "chieftains", which would better represent conditions in Greek society in Homer's time, and also the roles ascribed to Homer's characters. Agamemnon tries to give orders to
1861:". The Byzantine title in turn produced further diplomatic incidents in the 10th century, when Western potentates addressed the emperors as "emperors of the Greeks". A similar diplomatic controversy (this time accompanied by war) ensued from the imperial aspirations of
1613:(r. 780–797). After Constantine's coming of age, Irene eventually decided to rule in her own name. In the conflict that ensued, Irene was victorious, and Constantine was blinded and imprisoned, to die soon afterward. The revulsion generated by this incident of
2090:
675:/ king", used in Linear B tablets to refer to various craftsmen serving the king (e.g. the "palace", or royal, spinner, or the ivory worker), and to items belonging or offered to the king (javelin shafts, wheat, spices, precincts etc.).
2066:, owing to the renewed influence of classical writers on the language, reverted to its earlier meaning of "king". This transformation had already begun in informal usage in the works of some classicizing Byzantine authors. In the
1752:
dynasty, in their correspondence with the Pope and foreign rulers, styled themselves as "in Christ the God faithful, Emperor, crowned by God, Anax, the powerful, the exalted, ever
Augustus, Autocrat of the Romans, the Angelos"
1569:. This usage was initially accepted by the "barbarian" kings of Western Europe themselves: Despite having neglected the fiction of Roman suzerainty from the 6th century onward, they refrained from adopting imperial titles.
2171:, Otto ruled as an absolute monarch, and his autocratic rule, which continued even after he was forced to grant a constitution, made him very unpopular. After being ousted in 1862, the new Danish dynasty of the House of
3261:
1572:
The situation began to change when the
Western European states began to challenge the Empire's political supremacy and its right to the universal imperial title. The catalytic event was the coronation of
1513:(r. 780–797). "BASILEUS" was initially stamped on Byzantine coins in Latin script, and only gradually were some Latin characters replaced with Greek ones, resulting in mixed forms such as "BASIΛEVS".
3971:
2343:
1355:
amply illustrates that contemporaries clearly perceived that the Roman Empire was a monarchy in all but name. Nevertheless, despite its widespread use, due to its "royal" associations the title
2776:
Roppa, Andrea (7 May 2018). "Connectivity, trade, and Punic persistence: Insularity and identity in late Punic to Roman
Republican Sardinia (3rd–1st century BC)". In Kouremenos, Anna (ed.).
1408:, whose importance was rather peripheral in the Byzantine worldview. Consequently, the title acquired the connotation of "emperor", and when barbarian kingdoms emerged on the ruins of the
3010:(2014). "Byzantium and the West – the West and Byzantium (ninth-twelfth centuries): focusing on Zweikaiserproblem. An outline of ideas and practices". In Pitsakis, Konstantinos G. (ed.).
1877:
of the
Bulgarians" by the Byzantines. From the 12th century however, the title was increasingly, although again not officially, used for powerful foreign sovereigns, such as the kings of
1991:, the term basileus acquired a new Christian theological meaning out of the further concept of basileus as a chief religious officer during the Hellenistic period. Jesus is titled both
1647:", while continuing to refuse any connection with the Roman Empire. In an effort to emphasize their own Roman legitimacy, the Byzantine rulers thereafter began to use the fuller form
4204:
5149:
3184:
5164:
5080:
3434:
3335:
4768:
3345:
3278:
3293:
3288:
1023:
was one of the richest
Athenians during the age of Lycurgus of Athens, he was honoured archon basileus in 293–292 BCE. Similar vestigial offices termed
534:
also has almost the same meaning as "chieftain".) Linear B only represents syllables of single vowel, or of a consonant-vowel form, therefore any final
1359:
remained unofficial for the
Emperor, and was restricted in official documents to client kings in the East. Instead, in official context the imperial titles
5154:
4369:
3355:
3330:
2413:
2172:
4720:
4703:
3360:
3340:
2182:
The two Greek kings who had the name of
Constantine, a name of great sentimental and symbolic significance, especially in the irredentist context of the
1665:
was also revived by the early 9th century (and appears in coins from 912 on). It was reserved for the senior ruling emperor among several co-emperors (
4419:
4265:
4237:
3881:
3873:
3350:
3283:
1697:
4615:
3976:
3147:
1799:('heir to the crown of Constantine the great'), in order to distinguish and prioritize the 'New' Rome of the east over the 'Old' Rome of the west.
4464:
1485:, "faithful in Christ Emperor" was used instead. The adoption of the new imperial formula has been traditionally interpreted by scholars such as
4944:
4469:
1806:, the full style of the Emperor was finalized in the phrase, "in Christ the God faithful Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans, the Palaiologos" (
1701:
4868:
3628:
3621:
3177:
2984:
2957:
2882:
2837:
2736:
2711:
2556:
2491:
1128:
in their native language. In fact, this office conformed to largely republican frameworks, being approximately equivalent in mandate to the
4479:
3767:
4620:
2153:. Second, that the kingship did not depend on the will of the Greek people, a fact further underlined by Otto's addition of the formula "
3611:
2785:
5134:
4949:
4362:
1276:
acquired a fully royal connotation, in stark contrast with the much less sophisticated earlier perceptions of kingship within Greece.
5119:
5050:
3616:
3061:
2521:
1174:
4113:
3170:
5085:
4907:
3439:
3207:
2142:
5055:
5045:
4917:
4838:
4524:
4096:
4040:
3961:
3828:
2873:
1843:
1816:
1763:
4656:
5129:
5124:
4912:
4902:
4817:
4572:
4357:
505:
774:") derives from their social functions or offices, whereas the sovereign derives his power from himself. Sovereigns have
4986:
4954:
4858:
4567:
4539:
4347:
3886:
1914:
1479:
in 628. Finally, in a law promulgated on 21 March 629, the Latin titles were omitted altogether, and the simple formula
502:
4710:
4352:
4199:
3956:
3707:
3078:
2168:
5030:
4976:
4715:
4587:
4577:
4277:
4157:
4035:
3966:
3854:
3823:
3666:
3606:
31:
4890:
4414:
4270:
4055:
3946:
3833:
2067:
1878:
1784:
in
Christo Deo fidelis imperator divinitus coronatus sublimis potens excelsus semper augustus moderator Romanorum
1497:
of the Empire by that time. In imperial coinage, however, Latin forms continued to be used. Only in the reign of
731:
267:
2513:
Composition of Scientific Words: A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics
553:
4189:
3941:
3428:
2197:
1229:
727:
366:
3307:
2498:
Od. A. Hdt. E. Pl. AR. Plu (sc. Odyssey; Aeschylus; Herodotus; Euripides; Plato; Apollonius Rhodius; Plutarch)
2141:, i.e. "King of the Greeks". This title had two implications: first, that Otto was the king only of the small
1770:
en Khristō to Theō pistos basileus, theostephēs, anax, krataios, hupsēlos, augoustos, kaì autokratōr Rhōmaiōn
800:
407:), denoting some sort of court official or local chieftain, but not an actual king. Its hypothetical earlier
5095:
4519:
4245:
4065:
3951:
2231:
2193:
1886:
1807:
1754:
1590:
432:
362:
356:
263:
247:
1467:("king of kings"). The title appears to have slowly crept into imperial titulature after that, and Emperor
5139:
5020:
4610:
4452:
3896:
3702:
3676:
3671:
3444:
3420:
3416:
3383:
1550:
1182:
1020:
791:
320:
183:
718:
did not automatically translate to "king": In a number of places authority was exercised by a college of
5159:
5144:
4738:
4592:
3782:
3692:
3656:
3541:
3271:
3266:
3155:
3132:
Analects Describing the Universal Man – commemorative publication for Oswald Panagl on his 65th birthday
2511:
2217:
1953:
1693:
1685:
1395:
was applied in official usage exclusively to the two rulers considered equals to the Roman Emperor: the
1285:
1158:. Roman and early Christian writings sourced from Greek fostered further mischaracterizations, with the
4329:
2538:
2473:
1118:
with eastern stereotypes of absolutist non-Hellenic government, termed the Punic chief magistrate, the
2188:, were often, although never officially, numbered in direct succession to the last Byzantine Emperor,
829:
4981:
4964:
4785:
4544:
4509:
4392:
4324:
3859:
3802:
2015:= literally King of those being kings, 1 Timothy 6:15) in the New Testament. Other titles involving
1918:
1862:
1759:ἐν Χριστῷ τῷ Θεῷ πιστὸς βασιλεύς, θεοστεφής, ἄναξ, κραταιός, ὑψηλός, αὔγουστος καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Ῥωμαίων
1728:
1498:
1409:
1364:
1142:
902:
3891:
3807:
3797:
3661:
3424:
3412:
3299:
2610:
2164:
1894:
1225:
1115:
834:
420:
5091:
634:. Otherwise the term survived almost exclusively as a component in compound personal names (e.g.,
46:
4969:
4959:
4833:
4504:
4387:
4304:
4167:
3519:
3499:
3479:
3469:
3235:
3083:
2927:
2810:
2801:
Bell, Brenda (1989). "Roman literary attitudes to foreign terms and the Carthaginian 'sufetes'".
2396:
problematic. In reality, she used the title "basilissa" in all other documents, coins and seals.
2176:
2094:
1803:
1788:
1582:
1490:
1137:
918:
349:) has meanings such as 'sovereignty', 'royalty', 'kingdom', 'reign', 'dominion' and 'authority'.
243:
239:
3026:
2910:
Chrysos, Evangelos K. (1978). "The title ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ in early Byzantine international relations".
5025:
4930:
4863:
4843:
4811:
4743:
4730:
4651:
4646:
4397:
4162:
4012:
3531:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3151:
3105:
3057:
2980:
2953:
2878:
2833:
2781:
2732:
2707:
2552:
2517:
2487:
2270:
basileus during the event) went through a ceremony of marriage to the wine god. Comparable to
1965:
1882:
1850:
1778:
1602:
1440:
1343:
in the ordinary and literary speech of the Greek-speaking Eastern Mediterranean. Although the
1305:
1155:
490:
424:
52:
690:
serves as his charioteer. His will, however, is not to be obeyed automatically. In Homer the
4895:
4688:
4636:
4582:
4549:
4499:
4292:
4282:
4060:
3748:
3640:
3563:
3546:
3524:
3509:
3494:
3408:
3193:
2919:
2631:
2544:
2479:
1792:
1704:. The full imperial title uses both typically Byzantine and revived archaic Roman elements:
1689:
1249:
1151:
1112:
980:
890:
808:
627:
195:
5040:
4873:
4853:
4848:
4803:
4793:
4753:
4748:
4693:
4474:
4080:
3997:
3992:
3732:
3722:
3558:
3552:
3536:
3514:
3504:
3489:
2699:
2425:
2392:
1969:
1910:
1723:
Manuel, by the grace of Christ the God, faithful Basileus and Autocrat of the Romans, the
1708:ΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ ΕΝ ΧΩ ΤΩ ΘΩ ΠΙϹΤΟϹ ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ Ο ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟϹ ΚΑΙ ΑΕΙ ΑΥΓΟΥϹΤΟϹ
1598:
1405:
1396:
1301:
1245:
1241:
1233:
995:
985:
886:
878:
866:
698:
by consensus rather than by coercion, which is why Achilles rebels (the main theme of the
471:
2448:
1906:
1865:
in the early 10th century. Aspiring to conquer Constantinople, Simeon claimed the title "
786:. Pseudo-Archytas aimed at creating a theory of sovereignty completely enfranchised from
3128:
Analecta Homini Universali Dicata – Festschrift für Oswald Panagl zum 65 Geburtstag
4878:
4758:
4491:
4250:
4144:
4130:
3929:
3792:
3633:
3388:
2948:
James, Liz (2009). "Men, women, eunuchs: Gender, sex, and power". In Haldon, J. (ed.).
2572:
2378:
2366:
2335:
2323:
2189:
2150:
2083:
2024:
1957:
1945:
1839:
1827:
1631:. Although it is often claimed that, as monarch, Irene called herself in the male form
1610:
1566:
1510:
1506:
1459:("Caesar of the Romans"), while the Persian ruler refers to himself correspondingly as
1452:
1361:
1348:
922:
384:
235:
169:
134:
123:
110:
3148:"The Linear B tablets and Mycenaean social, political, and economic organization"
1680:
1661:", a practice that continued in official usage until the end of the Empire. The title
1601:(r. 797–802), who had gained control after the death of her husband, the Emperor
726:
could also be applied to the hereditary leaders of "tribal" states, like those of the
5113:
4798:
4675:
4641:
4379:
4314:
4287:
4172:
3787:
3727:
2417:
2245:
2036:
2005:, Revelation 17:14, 19:16, a previous Near Eastern phrase for rulers of empires, and
2002:
1597:. The matter was complicated by the fact that the Eastern Empire was then managed by
1494:
1340:
1269:
1261:
1028:
942:
1290:
4559:
4534:
4514:
4319:
4297:
4152:
3400:
3395:
3229:
2752:
2680:
2372:
2329:
1890:
1586:
1332:
1129:
1042:
818:
814:
711:
643:
483:
255:
117:
1048:
607:(the plural form) appear the topmost potentates in Greek society. In the works of
2974:
5060:
5035:
4529:
4339:
4106:
3712:
3697:
2409:
2295:
2253:
2184:
2079:
2071:
1724:
1574:
1486:
1444:
1178:
1016:
763:
751:
722:
drawn from a particular clan or group, and the office had term limits. However,
525:
449:
408:
2089:
1781:; these are nearly direct translations of the Greek title into Latin, such as:
4334:
4194:
4184:
4017:
4007:
3717:
2282:
2207:
1870:
1831:
1777:
Variations of this title are found in letters of the Angelid emperors to Pope
1562:
1516:
1463:, thereby dropping his own claim to the Greek equivalent of his formal title,
1400:
1384:
1344:
1053:
1011:
overseeing religious rites and homicide cases. His wife had to ritually marry
776:
416:
1897:. In time, the title was also applied to major non-Christian rulers, such as
4883:
4763:
4255:
4123:
4070:
4002:
2275:
2262:
1902:
1898:
1835:
1624:
1476:
1468:
1378:
1265:
1133:
1038:
1000:
961:
874:
870:
631:
596:
305:
251:
2653:
1304:(r. 886–912). The reverse shows the Latin-transcribed Greek titles used in
714:
demonstrates that even at the apex of Geometric and Archaic Greek society,
3162:
2976:
The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228)
2548:
2537:
Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge; Diggle, James (2021-04-22).
2483:
2472:
Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge; Diggle, James (2021-04-22).
869:, most Greek states had abolished the hereditary royal office in favor of
524:, now transcribed with a Latin "r" by uniform convention. (Similarly, the
4409:
4309:
4260:
4118:
4050:
3838:
3034:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). University of Birmingham. pp. 85, 359
2300:
2289:
2271:
2257:
2075:
1981:
1937:
1823:
en Christō tō Theō pistós basileus kai autokratōr Rhōmaíōn ho Palaiológos
1737:
1620:
1614:
1521:
1439:
in official context comes from the Persians: in a letter sent to Emperor
1147:
1012:
957:
906:
894:
782:
743:
683:
654:"), i.e. of the royal palace. The latter is essentially the same word as
599:" or "overlord". With the collapse of Mycenaean society, the position of
466:
392:
61:
3028:
Florence, Byzantium and the Ottomans (1439-1481). Politics and Economics
3014:. Athens, Greece: National Hellenic Research Foundation. pp. 374–5.
2814:
415:. Some linguists assume that it is a non-Greek word that was adopted by
194:
that has signified various types of monarchs throughout history. In the
17:
4775:
4661:
4602:
4101:
4075:
3753:
2931:
1961:
1749:
1628:
1253:
1097:
990:
914:
771:
754:" than into "king". The reason for this is that it designates more the
592:
574:
453:
332:
227:
203:
159:
154:
2753:"The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Indo-Greeks: Agathocleia (Agathokleia)"
1351:
institutions and to not formally adopt monarchical titles, the use of
1045:
it was a League office of unclear duties, and was even held by women.
4698:
4404:
4179:
4045:
3134:]. Vol. 1. Stuttgart, DE: Hans Dieter Heinz. pp. 84−94.
3007:
2729:
Roman Ionia: Constructions of Cultural Identity in Western Asia Minor
2421:
2267:
2146:
2049:
2044:
1858:
1812:ἐν Χριστῷ τῷ Θεῷ πιστὸς βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Ῥωμαίων ὁ Παλαιολόγος
1606:
1296:
1032:
969:
910:
898:
805:, or "living law", which is the origin, according to Agamben, of the
530:
487:
456:
palaces originally destroyed by fire. The tablets are dated from the
234:. The title was used by sovereigns and other persons of authority in
56:
2923:
2088:
1988:
1679:
1515:
1412:
in the 5th century, their rulers were referred to in Greek not as
1120:
881:(who served as joint commanders of the army, and were also called
702:) when he decides that Agamemnon is treating him disrespectfully.
699:
608:
587:
191:
4683:
2731:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74, 77–78.
2121:
The Great Powers furthermore ordained that his title was to be "
2032:
1677:("Great Emperor") was also sometimes used for the same purpose.
1594:
1429:
1339:
came to be used, in the Hellenistic tradition, to designate the
1237:
950:
619:
578:
474:
in 1952 and corresponds to a very early form of Greek. The word
215:
149:
5009:
4440:
4225:
3917:
3584:
3205:
3166:
3054:
The Icon in the Life of the Church: Doctrine, liturgy, devotion
1731:. Of his sons, John, the eldest and co-emperor, is also termed
3126:". In Krisch, Thomas; Lindner, Thomas; Müller, Ulrich (eds.).
1913:, assumed the imperial title, based on his Bulgarian mother's
905:. The Greeks also used the term to refer to various kings of "
787:
734:, in which cases the term approximated the meaning of "king".
448:
The first written instance of this word is found on the baked
2979:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 64.
2830:
Culture and Ideology under the Seleukids: Unframing a Dynasty
2353:
1944:(Decree from Caesar Augustus, Dogma para Kaisaros Augoustou,
1652:
1480:
1186:
1057:
838:
344:
278:
198:-speaking world it is perhaps most widely understood to mean
66:
1821:
1768:
678:
Most of the Greek leaders in Homer's works are described as
3012:
Aureus. Volume dedicated to Professor Evangelos K. Chrysos
2828:
Anagnostou-Laoutides, Eva; Pfeiffer, Stefan (2022-01-19).
486:" (in one particular tablet the chieftain of the guild of
877:
rule. Some exceptions existed, namely the two hereditary
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
1557:
Until the 9th century, the Byzantines reserved the term
1084:
By contrast, the authoritarian rulers were never termed
427:. Schindler argues for an inner-Greek innovation of the
2685:
Basileus: The evidence for kingship in geometric Greece
2543:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 274.
2478:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 275.
1471:
is attested as using it alongside the long-established
2391:
There are only three instances where it is known that
1928:
which was, however, not recognized by the Byzantines.
1007:
divided the powers of Athens' ancient kings, with the
837:
with reverse showing Zeus' eagle. Greek legend reads:
655:
396:
2706:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 70.
2404:
2402:
4926:
4826:
4784:
4729:
4674:
4629:
4601:
4558:
4490:
4451:
4378:
4236:
4143:
4089:
4028:
3985:
3928:
3872:
3847:
3816:
3775:
3766:
3741:
3685:
3649:
3595:
3453:
3369:
3316:
3247:
3218:
2832:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 316.
1748:During the 12th century, Byzantine emperors of the
1037:that represented it to the League sanctuary of the
573:). Written in the archaic Corinthian dialect using
165:
145:
140:
130:
102:
92:
2778:Insularity and Identity in the Roman Mediterranean
1657:, "emperor of the Romans") instead of the simple "
1623:was compounded by the traditional (and especially
1027:existed in other Greek city-states. Thus in the
2626:
2624:
2074:agreed that the new Greek state should become a
1873:and of the Romans", but was only recognized as "
630:") and of very few human monarchs, most notably
30:"Basilissa" redirects here. For other uses, see
3106:"King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie"
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2780:(1st ed.). Oxbow Books. pp. 144–164.
1684:Early 15th-century miniature depicting Emperor
3553:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1404:("king of kings"), and to a lesser degree the
1323:Leo, by the grace of God Emperor of the Romans
557:Inscription on ceramic fragment; ΝΙ ϜΑΝΑΚΤΙ, (
3178:
2943:
2941:
2675:
2673:
2149:, whose majority still remained ruled by the
1917:royal line, self-styling himself in Greek as
1368:, translated or transliterated into Greek as
993:, magistrates selected by lot. Of these, the
8:
1565:rulers exclusively for their own emperor in
806:
39:
2414:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2154:
2132:
2122:
2102:
2062:During the post-Byzantine period, the term
2010:
1996:
1782:
1713:
1706:
1533:
1526:
1313:
1195:
1066:
925:. The Persian king was also referred to as
847:
591:, another word used more specifically for "
558:
444:Original senses encountered on clay tablets
435:material rather than a Mediterranean loan.
310:
298:
288:
72:
5006:
4457:
4448:
4437:
4233:
4222:
3934:
3925:
3914:
3772:
3599:
3592:
3581:
3215:
3202:
3185:
3171:
3163:
2597:New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin
2093:1876 five-drachma coin, bearing a bust of
1424:, the hellenized forms of the Latin title
5150:Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
2952:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 45–46.
2918:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks: 29–75.
2054:(Lord of Glory), from 1 Corinthians 2:8.
1347:were careful to retain the façade of the
1136:'s otherwise positive description of the
968:, constrained by law, from the unlimited
2345:Byzantine and Modern Greek pronunciation
2173:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
2131:, meaning "King of Greece", instead of "
2039:, standard depictions of Jesus included
1842:conquest of the Byzantine Empire in the
1669:), who exercised actual power. The term
1289:
1173:
1100:of Argos is described by Aristotle as a
1047:
828:
552:
5165:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2449:"www.synaxaristis - ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ"
2440:
2312:
2043:(King of Glory), a phrase derived from
1826:), as exemplified in documents such as
367:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3122:Janda, Michael (2004). "Annäherung an
2365:
2322:
1635:, in fact she normally used the title
1116:supremacy in the western Mediterranean
419:Greeks from a pre-existing linguistic
109:
38:
2803:Classical Association of South Africa
2377:
2334:
1838:issued in 1451, two years before the
1493:as indicative of the almost complete
1132:. This conflation appears notably in
1076:of the Goddess-like queen Agathocleia
976:), who had generally seized control.
937:, a translation of the Persian title
122:
27:Greek title roughly meaning 'monarch'
7:
2654:"IG IV 220 – PHI Greek Inscriptions"
1795:added to his title the Latin phrase
1003:(polemos archon = war lord) and the
750:is more adequately translated into "
2112:George I, King of the Hellenes
1627:) aversion to the idea of a female
1447:, Maurice is addressed in Greek as
1272:. It is at this time that the term
1064:Basilissēs Theotropou Agathokleias,
999:(for whom the year was named), the
794:. He goes so far as qualifying the
694:is expected to rule over the other
516:. Linear B uses the same glyph for
5155:Government of the Byzantine Empire
1543:Emperor of the Romans, the younger
790:, being itself the only source of
512:, transformed in later Greek into
25:
5051:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
2516:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
1787:. In his correspondence with the
746:'s treatise "On justice and law"
686:among many others, while another
5090:
3077:Brozan, Nadine (13 April 1994).
2871:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991).
2615:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
2238:
2224:
2210:
2167:". For 10 years, until the
2099:ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ Α! ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ
1797:haeres coronae Constantini magni
1735:, while his brothers are titled
1146:, as well as in the writings of
1111:Many Greek authors, reconciling
1059:BAΣIΛIΣΣHΣ ΘEOTPOΠOY AΓAΘOKΛEIAΣ
949:king". There was also a cult of
603:ceases to be mentioned, and the
585:The word can be contrasted with
470:script, which was deciphered by
262:, is a common given name in the
45:
3440:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
3262:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
2727:Hallmannsecker, Martin (2022).
1505:appear in silver coins, and on
4525:Great Palace of Constantinople
4266:Patriarchate of Constantinople
3150:. Bronze Age: Lesson 25.
2874:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1853:were also conceded the title "
1256:. The feminine counterpart is
482:and its original meaning was "
1:
2950:A Social History of Byzantium
2510:Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956).
2031:, i.e. King of the Jews (see
1936:While the terms used for the
1609:for their nine-year-old son,
909:" (i.e. non-Greek) tribes in
780:, whereas magistrates retain
671:/ king" or "belonging to the
452:discovered in excavations of
4987:University of Constantinople
4568:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
3718:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
3407:Byzantine successor states (
1915:Theodora Smilets of Bulgaria
1885:, the tsars of the restored
1822:
1769:
1589:on 25 December 800, at
1435:The first documented use of
1391:By the 4th century however,
1310:+LEON EN ΘEO bASILEVS ROMEON
1185:with the Greek inscription:
1033:
618:, mostly in descriptions of
4657:Saint Catherine's Monastery
3713:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
3708:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
2877:. Oxford University Press.
2634:(1976). "On the Greek type
2540:The Cambridge Greek Lexicon
2475:The Cambridge Greek Lexicon
2169:3 September 1843 Revolution
2165:By the Grace (Mercy) of God
1692:, and three of their sons,
1501:(r. 717–741) did the title
738:Pseudo-Archytas' definition
497:). Here the initial letter
464:and are inscribed with the
5181:
5046:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3667:Comes sacrarum largitionum
3052:Galavaris, George (1981).
2973:Van Tricht, Filip (2011).
2354:
1980:, "of King Herod", and by
1811:
1758:
1653:
1520:11th-century depiction of
1481:
1283:
1187:
1058:
839:
656:
646:in the description of the
626:, "king of men and of the
397:
345:
279:
258:), deriving from the term
187:
67:
32:Basilissa (disambiguation)
29:
5135:Byzantine imperial titles
5073:
5016:
5005:
4616:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
4460:
4447:
4436:
4232:
4221:
3937:
3924:
3913:
3602:
3591:
3580:
3214:
3201:
2155:
2133:
2123:
2012:Βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων
2011:
2007:Basileus tōn basileuontōn
1997:
1707:
1688:with his family: empress
1527:
1482:πιστὸς ἐν Χριστῷ βασιλεύς
1224:were exclusively used by
1138:Carthaginian Constitution
1088:in classical Greece, but
737:
642:) and is still in use in
311:
299:
289:
268:Eastern Catholic Churches
44:
5120:Ancient Greek government
4190:Droungarios of the Fleet
3025:Virgilio, Carlo (2013).
1451:instead of the habitual
1260:(queen), meaning both a
1162:mislabeled as the Latin
1104:who made himself into a
210:, referring to either a
4704:Early Byzantine mosaics
4066:Domestic of the Schools
2232:Byzantine Empire portal
1926:of the Romans and Serbs
1844:Siege of Constantinople
1528:Βασιλεύς Ῥωμαίων ὁ νέος
1183:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
1031:each member city had a
624:ánax andrōn te theōn te
595:" and usually meaning "
273:The feminine forms are
264:Eastern Orthodox Church
238:(especially during the
5021:Byzantine commonwealth
3783:Praetorian prefectures
3703:Logothetes tou genikou
3677:Quaestor sacri palatii
3672:Comes rerum privatarum
3445:Fall of Constantinople
3384:Sack of Constantinople
2687:. New Haven, CT: Yale.
2118:
1783:
1745:
1605:(r. 775–780), as
1554:
1551:Menologion of Basil II
1328:
1210:
1081:
1056:. Greek legend reads:
1021:Philippides of Paiania
939:xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām
901:and Kings of Arcadian
862:
807:
762:of king: the power of
582:
355:This article contains
248:kings of modern Greece
190:) is a Greek term and
4721:Komnenian renaissance
4716:Macedonian period art
4621:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
4593:Walls of Thessaloniki
3693:Logothetes tou dromou
3308:Twenty Years' Anarchy
3272:Valentinianic dynasty
3267:Constantinian dynasty
3056:. BRILL. p. 38.
2912:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
2658:epigraphy.packhum.org
2617:. Brill. p. 203.
2549:10.1017/9781139050043
2484:10.1017/9781139050043
2218:Ancient Greece portal
2198:Constantine XIII
2092:
2029:Basileus tōn Ioudaiōn
1954:Render unto Caesar...
1895:emperors of Trebizond
1686:Manuel II Palaiologos
1683:
1583:Emperor of the Romans
1524:with the Greek title
1519:
1293:
1286:Byzantine bureaucracy
1280:Romans and Byzantines
1177:
1051:
845:Basileо̄s Ptolemaiou,
832:
614:appears, in the form
556:
431:inflection type from
5130:Ancient Roman titles
5125:Ancient Greek titles
4918:Units of measurement
4652:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
4545:Pammakaristos Church
4393:Corpus Juris Civilis
4344:Missionary activity
3803:Exarchate of Ravenna
3629:Imperial bureaucracy
3104:Barret, Matt (ed.).
2599:. 2008. p. 330.
2194:Constantine XII
2139:Vasilefs ton Ellénon
2134:Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων
2129:Vasilefs tes Elládos
2124:Βασιλεὺς τῆς Ἑλλάδος
2068:Convention of London
2021:Basileus tōn Ouranōn
1905:. Finally, in 1354,
1863:Simeon I of Bulgaria
1499:Leo III the Isaurian
1410:Western Roman Empire
1345:early Roman Emperors
1193:Basileо̄s Dēmētriou,
989:was one of the nine
917:, as well as to the
742:According to pseudo-
648:anáktoron / anáktora
65:. Inscription reads
55:. The reverse shows
4442:Culture and society
4305:Ecumenical councils
3808:Exarchate of Africa
3798:Quaestura exercitus
3662:Magister officiorum
3657:Praetorian prefects
3300:Byzantine Dark Ages
3110:A History of Greece
2642:. pp. 349−352.
2336:[vasiˈlefs]
2324:[basile͜ús]
2086:as its first king.
1976:(in his coins also
1579:imperator Romanorum
1226:Alexander the Great
1170:Alexander the Great
1096:(tyrant); although
840:BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠTOΛEMAIOY
835:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
421:Pre-Greek substrate
339:. The related term
124:[vasiˈlefs]
111:[basile͜ús]
41:
4859:Flags and insignia
4505:Baths of Zeuxippus
4388:Codex Theodosianus
4278:Oriental Orthodoxy
3236:Later Roman Empire
3084:The New York Times
2704:State of Exception
2638:". In Meid (ed.).
2379:[vasiˈlis]
2367:[basilêːs]
2177:King George I
2119:
2041:Basileus tēs Doxēs
1972:is referred to as
1804:Palaiologan period
1789:Holy Roman Emperor
1746:
1555:
1491:George Ostrogorsky
1329:
1211:
1188:ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ
1082:
964:distinguished the
863:
583:
549:in Mycenaean times
493:is referred to as
383:is uncertain. The
357:special characters
303:), or the archaic
244:Byzantine emperors
240:Hellenistic period
5107:
5106:
5069:
5068:
5026:Byzantine studies
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4812:Alexander Romance
4670:
4669:
4647:Nea Moni of Chios
4510:Blachernae Palace
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4398:Code of Justinian
4246:Eastern Orthodoxy
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4139:
4138:
4013:Scholae Palatinae
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3874:Foreign relations
3868:
3867:
3762:
3761:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3375:(1204–1453)
3152:Dartmouth College
2986:978-90-04-20323-5
2959:978-1-4051-3241-1
2884:978-0-19-504652-6
2839:978-3-11-075562-6
2738:978-1-009-15018-7
2713:978-0-226-00925-4
2558:978-1-139-05004-3
2493:978-1-139-05004-3
2453:www.synaxarion.gr
2351:
2145:, and not of all
2143:Kingdom of Greece
1998:Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων
1993:Basileus Basileōn
1820:
1767:
1649:basileus Rhomaíōn
1473:Autokratōr Kaisar
1465:basileus basileōn
1449:basileus Rhomaíōn
1437:basileus Rhomaíōn
1205:of King Demetrius
1156:Diogenes Laertius
1041:, whereas in the
935:Basileus Basileōn
758:of king than the
379:The etymology of
363:rendering support
175:
174:
82:of king Antiochus
68:ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ
53:Antiochus I Soter
16:(Redirected from
5172:
5094:
5007:
4950:Imperial Library
4896:Byzantine Greeks
4637:Daphni Monastery
4588:Panagia Chalkeon
4583:Hagios Demetrios
4550:Prison of Anemas
4500:Basilica Cistern
4458:
4449:
4438:
4293:West Syriac Rite
4283:Alexandrian Rite
4234:
4227:Religion and law
4223:
4158:Maritime themata
4114:Palaiologan army
3967:Military manuals
3935:
3926:
3915:
3773:
3749:Megas logothetes
3600:
3593:
3582:
3455:By modern region
3376:
3323:
3322:(717–1204)
3254:
3216:
3203:
3194:Byzantine Empire
3187:
3180:
3173:
3164:
3159:
3154:. Archived from
3135:
3114:
3113:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3008:Kolia-Dermitzaki
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2906:
2889:
2888:
2867:
2844:
2843:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2445:
2429:
2406:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2256:– a festival of
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2158:
2157:
2136:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2078:, and chose the
2023:, translated as
2014:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1978:Basileōs Herodou
1887:Bulgarian Empire
1825:
1815:
1813:
1786:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1744:
1741:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1656:
1655:
1654:βασιλεύς Ῥωμαίων
1591:St. Peter's
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1484:
1483:
1443:(r. 582–602) by
1397:Sassanid Persian
1382:, translated as
1374:Kaisar Augoustos
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1306:imperial coinage
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1152:Diodorus Siculus
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1036:
933:(Great King) or
891:Kings of Macedon
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
842:
841:
812:
706:Archaic basileus
659:
658:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
469:
463:
462:11th century BCE
459:
458:15th century BCE
402:
401:
400:
348:
347:
338:
335:
330:
326:
323:
318:
314:
313:
302:
301:
292:
291:
282:
281:
233:
230:
225:
221:
218:
213:
209:
206:
201:
189:
166:Region of origin
126:
121:
113:
108:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
70:
69:
49:
42:
21:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5100:
5065:
5041:Cyrillic script
5012:
4993:
4938:
4922:
4822:
4804:Digenes Akritas
4780:
4725:
4666:
4630:Other locations
4625:
4597:
4554:
4486:
4475:Cross-in-square
4443:
4424:
4374:
4228:
4209:
4135:
4085:
4081:Varangian Guard
4024:
3998:East Roman army
3993:Late Roman army
3981:
3920:
3901:
3864:
3843:
3812:
3758:
3737:
3733:Epi ton deeseon
3723:Epi tou eidikou
3681:
3645:
3587:
3568:
3555:
3458:
3456:
3449:
3435:Palaiologan era
3377:
3374:
3365:
3336:Nikephorian era
3324:
3321:
3312:
3255:
3253:(330–717)
3252:
3243:
3223:
3210:
3197:
3191:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3121:
3117:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2924:10.2307/1291418
2909:
2908:
2907:
2892:
2885:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2847:
2840:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2787:978-178570580-9
2775:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2426:Imperial Russia
2407:
2400:
2393:Irene of Athens
2390:
2386:
2371:
2362:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2097:and the legend
2084:Otto of Bavaria
2060:
1942:Kaisar Augustos
1934:
1851:German emperors
1834:to the city of
1779:Innocentius III
1742:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1475:in a letter to
1461:Persōn basileus
1370:Kaisar Sebastos
1335:rule, the term
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1302:Leo VI the Wise
1288:
1282:
1246:Attalid kingdom
1242:Seleucid Empire
1234:Ptolemaic Egypt
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1172:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
996:archon eponymos
986:archon basileus
945:"), or simply "
887:Kings of Cyrene
879:Kings of Sparta
867:classical times
859:
857:of king Ptolemy
856:
853:
850:
827:
825:Classical times
817:'s theories on
740:
708:
638:agóras, Pleisto
577:and a Σ-shaped
570:
567:
564:
561:
551:
501:represents the
472:Michael Ventris
465:
461:
457:
446:
441:
423:of the Eastern
411:form would be *
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361:Without proper
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4573:Byzantine Bath
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4492:Constantinople
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4251:Byzantine Rite
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4131:Grand domestic
4128:
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4109:
4104:
4097:Komnenian army
4093:
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3972:Military units
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3942:Battle tactics
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3634:Medieval Greek
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3389:Fourth Crusade
3380:
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3364:
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3353:
3348:
3346:Macedonian era
3343:
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3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
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3305:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3279:Theodosian era
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
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3211:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:on 2004-09-10.
3142:
3141:External links
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2690:
2669:
2645:
2640:Studies Palmer
2620:
2611:Beekes, R.S.P.
2602:
2588:
2577:billmounce.com
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2522:
2502:
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2363:Ancient Greek:
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2250:
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2190:Constantine XI
2151:Ottoman Empire
2059:
2056:
2025:King of Heaven
1958:Pontius Pilate
1933:
1930:
1891:Latin emperors
1828:Constantine XI
1808:Medieval Greek
1755:Medieval Greek
1675:Basileus Megas
1671:Megas Basileus
1611:Constantine VI
1567:Constantinople
1511:Constantine VI
1453:Middle Persian
1284:Main article:
1281:
1278:
1232:successors in
1222:Basileus Megas
1218:Megas Basileus
1171:
1168:
1052:Coin of queen
931:Basileus Megas
927:Megas Basileus
826:
823:
739:
736:
707:
704:
661:wa-na-ka-te-ro
550:
540:
478:is written as
445:
442:
440:
439:Ancient Greece
437:
376:
373:
365:, you may see
353:
352:
351:
236:ancient Greece
173:
172:
170:Ancient Greece
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138:
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107:Ancient Greek:
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50:
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10:
9:
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4:
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5156:
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5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:Byzantine law
5138:
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5128:
5126:
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4948:
4946:
4945:Encyclopedias
4943:
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4869:Hellenization
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4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
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4829:
4827:Everyday life
4825:
4819:
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4813:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:Acritic songs
4797:
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4642:Hosios Loukas
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4318:
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4315:Monophysitism
4313:
4311:
4308:
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4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Armenian Rite
4286:
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4206:
4205:Naval battles
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3990:
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3740:
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3731:
3729:
3728:Protasekretis
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3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Komnenian era
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:Heraclian era
3292:
3290:
3289:Justinian era
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3097:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3063:90-04-06402-8
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2982:
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2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2758:
2757:coinindia.com
2754:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:as quoted by
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2632:Schindler, J.
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2523:9780874742862
2519:
2515:
2514:
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2481:
2477:
2476:
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2419:
2418:July Monarchy
2415:
2411:
2405:
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2399:
2394:
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2299:
2297:
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2285:
2284:
2280:
2277:
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2269:
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2265:
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2260:, in which a
2259:
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2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:Greece portal
2236:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
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2166:
2162:
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2130:
2100:
2096:
2095:George I
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:in 1832, the
2069:
2065:
2058:Modern Greece
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:Byzantine art
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2004:
2003:King of Kings
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:2:1) or just
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:Roman emperor
1932:New Testament
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
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1876:
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1765:
1756:
1751:
1740:
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1734:
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1687:
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1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
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1553:
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1518:
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1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:Hellenization
1492:
1488:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
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1394:
1389:
1388:, were used.
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:Roman Emperor
1338:
1334:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:queen consort
1267:
1263:
1262:queen regnant
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
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1109:
1107:
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1091:
1087:
1065:
1055:
1050:
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1040:
1035:
1030:
1029:Ionian League
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
988:
987:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
943:King of Kings
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
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884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
846:
836:
831:
824:
822:
820:
816:
811:
810:
809:Führerprinzip
804:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
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735:
733:
729:
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721:
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629:
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541:
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485:
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477:
473:
468:
455:
451:
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433:Indo-European
430:
426:
425:Mediterranean
422:
418:
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406:
394:
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257:
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197:
193:
185:
184:Ancient Greek
181:
180:
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168:
164:
161:
156:
151:
148:
144:
139:
136:
133:
129:
125:
119:
112:
105:
103:Pronunciation
101:
98:
95:
91:
64:
63:
59:seated on an
58:
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5160:Royal titles
5145:Clay tablets
4810:
4578:Hagia Sophia
4560:Thessalonica
4535:Hagia Sophia
4515:Chora Church
4453:Architecture
4330:Great Schism
4320:Paulicianism
4298:Miaphysitism
4153:Karabisianoi
3457:or territory
3417:Thessalonica
3401:Latin Empire
3396:Frankokratia
3371:
3331:Isaurian era
3318:
3249:
3234:
3230:Roman Empire
3220:
3156:the original
3131:
3127:
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3082:
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3027:
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2975:
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2823:
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2756:
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2722:
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2657:
2648:
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2576:
2567:
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2532:
2512:
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2497:
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2467:
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2452:
2443:
2410:Great Powers
2387:
2373:Modern Greek
2359:
2330:Modern Greek
2315:
2288:
2281:
2261:
2183:
2181:
2160:
2138:
2128:
2120:
2098:
2072:Great Powers
2063:
2061:
2048:
2040:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1992:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1949:
1941:
1935:
1923:
1919:
1907:Stefan Dušan
1874:
1866:
1854:
1848:
1801:
1796:
1774:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1705:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1617:
1587:Pope Leo III
1578:
1571:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1525:
1507:gold coinage
1502:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1457:kēsar-i Hrōm
1456:
1455:appellation
1448:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:King of Axum
1399:
1392:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1336:
1330:
1309:
1295:
1273:
1257:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1192:
1163:
1159:
1141:
1130:Roman consul
1125:
1119:
1113:Carthaginian
1110:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1063:
1043:Roman period
1024:
1008:
1004:
994:
984:
978:
973:
965:
953:
946:
938:
934:
930:
926:
882:
864:
844:
819:dictatorship
815:Carl Schmitt
799:
795:
781:
775:
767:
759:
755:
747:
741:
723:
719:
715:
709:
695:
691:
687:
679:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
651:
647:
644:Modern Greek
639:
635:
623:
615:
611:
604:
600:
586:
584:
546:
542:
538:is omitted.
535:
529:
521:
517:
513:
509:
498:
494:
479:
475:
450:clay tablets
447:
428:
412:
404:
388:
380:
378:
354:
340:
304:
294:
284:
274:
272:
259:
178:
177:
176:
118:Modern Greek
96:
93:Romanization
60:
36:
5061:Megali Idea
5036:Byzantinism
4739:Agriculture
4530:Hagia Irene
4363:Kievan Rus'
4340:Mount Athos
4163:Cibyrrhaeot
4107:Vestiaritai
3962:Mercenaries
3839:Catepanates
3698:Sakellarios
3617:Family tree
3542:Mesopotamia
3361:Angelid era
3341:Amorian era
3079:"Chronicle"
2992:5 September
2700:Agamben, G.
2412:" were the
2296:Sovereignty
2254:Anthesteria
2185:Megali Idea
2175:began with
2080:Wittelsbach
2047:24:10, and
1793:Isaakios II
1725:Palaiologos
1667:symbasileis
1603:Leo IV
1575:Charlemagne
1509:only under
1487:Ernst Stein
1445:Chosroes II
1230:Hellenistic
1179:Tetradrachm
1092:(ruler) or
1054:Agathocleia
1017:Anthesteria
893:and of the
764:magistrates
710:A study by
526:Old Persian
409:Proto-Greek
315:), meaning
250:. The name
131:Language(s)
5114:Categories
5056:Third Rome
4982:University
4965:Philosophy
4955:Inventions
4818:Historians
4786:Literature
4769:Varangians
4611:San Vitale
4540:Hippodrome
4520:City Walls
4420:Mutilation
4415:Hexabiblos
4335:Bogomilism
4325:Iconoclasm
4195:Megas doux
4185:Greek fire
4168:Aegean Sea
4041:Kleisourai
4018:Excubitors
4008:Bucellarii
3860:Despotates
3829:Kleisourai
3768:Provincial
3612:Coronation
3586:Governance
3351:Doukid era
3284:Leonid era
3090:2022-08-13
3038:2024-08-23
2762:2024-06-27
2663:2023-12-13
2582:2024-07-20
2573:"βασιλεία"
2458:2024-06-27
2436:References
2352:; plural
2283:Auctoritas
2276:charivaris
2274:and other
2161:eléo Theou
1987:Regarding
1960:is termed
1924:autokratōr
1909:, king of
1871:Bulgarians
1849:The later
1832:chrysobull
1698:Andronikos
1663:autokratōr
1401:shahanshah
1385:Autokratōr
1349:republican
1240:(e.g. the
1019:festival.
919:Achaemenid
903:Orchomenus
895:Molossians
883:arkhagetai
875:oligarchic
871:democratic
792:legitimacy
777:auctoritas
732:Messenians
667:, "of the
665:wanákteros
657:𐀷𐀩𐀏𐀳𐀫
650:(" of the
508:consonant
506:labiovelar
495:qa-si-re-u
480:qa-si-re-u
417:Bronze Age
405:qa-si-re-u
387:form was *
246:, and the
4884:Octoechos
4764:Silk Road
4256:Hesychasm
4124:Paramonai
4071:Hetaireia
4003:Foederati
3892:Diplomacy
3887:Diplomats
3793:Provinces
3622:Empresses
3425:Trebizond
3221:Preceding
2809:: 29–36.
2681:Drews, R.
2307:Footnotes
2272:carnivals
2263:basilinna
2156:ἐλέῳ Θεοῦ
2052:tēs Doxēs
1903:Mehmed II
1899:Tamerlane
1817:romanized
1764:romanized
1637:basilissa
1629:sovereign
1563:Christian
1477:Kavadh II
1469:Heraclius
1379:Imperator
1266:Cleopatra
1264:(such as
1258:basilissa
1134:Aristotle
1039:Panionion
1001:polemarch
962:Aristotle
921:kings of
803:empsykhos
768:arkhontes
752:Sovereign
728:Arcadians
632:Agamemnon
597:High King
484:chieftain
454:Mycenaean
413:gʷatileus
389:gʷasileus
385:Mycenaean
375:Etymology
312:βασιλίννα
306:basilinna
290:βασίλισσα
285:basilissa
252:Basileios
4977:Scholars
4970:Rhetoric
4960:Medicine
4935:Learning
4834:Calendar
4711:Painters
4410:Basilika
4348:Bulgaria
4310:Arianism
4261:Hayhurum
4238:Religion
4200:Admirals
4119:Allagion
4051:Droungos
3957:Generals
3919:Military
3882:Treaties
3788:Dioceses
3607:Emperors
3520:Sardinia
3500:Dalmatia
3480:Bulgaria
3470:Anatolia
3429:Theodoro
3423: /
3419: /
3411: /
3124:basileús
2815:24591869
2702:(2005).
2683:(1983).
2613:(2009).
2360:basileis
2355:βασιλεῖς
2301:Basilica
2290:Imperium
2258:Dionysus
2204:See also
2163:, i.e. "
2076:monarchy
2064:basileus
2019:include
2017:basileus
1982:Josephus
1974:basileus
1920:basileus
1893:and the
1875:basileus
1867:basileus
1855:basileus
1738:despotes
1733:basileus
1729:Augustus
1702:Theodore
1659:basileus
1645:basileus
1633:basileus
1625:Frankish
1621:regicide
1615:filicide
1559:basileus
1522:Basil II
1503:basileus
1414:basileus
1393:basileus
1365:Augustus
1357:basileus
1353:basileus
1337:basileus
1274:basileus
1268:) and a
1228:and his
1214:Basileus
1148:Polybius
1143:Politics
1126:basileus
1106:tyrannos
1102:basileus
1094:tyrannos
1086:basileus
1034:basileus
1025:basileus
1013:Dionysus
1009:basileus
1005:basileus
974:tyrannos
966:basileus
958:Lebadeia
954:Basileus
907:barbaric
833:Coin of
796:Basileus
783:imperium
748:Basileus
744:Archytas
730:and the
724:basileus
720:basileis
716:basileus
712:R. Drews
696:basileis
688:basileus
684:Achilles
680:basileís
605:basileis
568:to King
543:Basileus
476:basileus
467:Linear B
399:𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄
393:Linear B
381:basileus
346:βασιλεία
341:basileia
295:basillis
280:βασίλεια
275:basileia
260:basileus
188:βασιλεύς
179:Basileus
97:basileus
62:omphalos
51:Coin of
40:Βασιλεύς
18:Basilius
5086:Outline
5031:Museums
4931:Science
4908:Slavery
4864:Gardens
4844:Cuisine
4776:Dynatoi
4744:Coinage
4731:Economy
4699:Mosaics
4662:Mystras
4603:Ravenna
4465:Secular
4353:Moravia
4102:Pronoia
4076:Akritai
4061:Tagmata
4036:Themata
3977:Revolts
3947:Battles
3855:Kephale
3824:Themata
3754:Mesazon
3596:Central
3532:Maghreb
3485:Corsica
3475:Armenia
3465:Albania
3208:History
2932:1291418
2636:hippeús
2106:
2082:Prince
1968:27:2),
1966:Matthew
1962:Hegemon
1956:), and
1869:of the
1857:of the
1840:Ottoman
1819::
1802:By the
1766::
1750:Angelos
1727:, ever
1717:
1548:in the
1537:
1441:Maurice
1416:but as
1317:
1294:Bronze
1254:Macedon
1199:
1140:in the
1098:Pheidon
1070:
1015:at the
991:archons
915:Illyria
885:), the
851:
813:and of
772:archons
562:
460:to the
333:empress
300:βασιλίς
242:), the
228:emperor
204:monarch
196:English
160:Monarch
155:Emperor
146:Meaning
76:
5096:Portal
5011:Impact
4891:People
4839:Cities
4689:Enamel
4470:Sacred
4405:Ecloga
4271:Saints
4180:Dromon
4056:Bandon
4046:Tourma
4029:Middle
3952:Beacon
3834:Bandon
3817:Middle
3686:Middle
3641:Senate
3564:Thrace
3547:Serbia
3525:Sicily
3510:Greece
3495:Cyprus
3413:Epirus
3409:Nicaea
3319:Middle
3196:topics
3060:
2983:
2956:
2930:
2881:
2836:
2813:
2784:
2735:
2710:
2555:
2520:
2490:
2424:, and
2422:France
2268:archon
2147:Greeks
2050:Kyrios
2045:Psalms
2035:). In
2027:, and
1950:Kaisar
1911:Serbia
1889:, the
1883:Sicily
1879:France
1859:Franks
1836:Ragusa
1607:regent
1585:") by
1561:among
1376:, and
1362:Caesar
1331:Under
1297:follis
1252:) and
1250:Pontus
1244:, the
1154:, and
1090:archon
983:, the
981:Athens
970:tyrant
923:Persia
911:Thrace
899:Epirus
889:, the
760:office
756:person
491:smiths
488:bronze
222:or an
141:Origin
57:Apollo
5081:Index
4913:Death
4903:Women
4874:Music
4854:Dress
4849:Dance
4794:Novel
4754:Trade
4749:Mints
4694:Glass
4684:Icons
4480:Domes
4358:Serbs
4173:Samos
3986:Early
3776:Early
3650:Early
3559:Syria
3537:Malta
3515:Italy
3505:Egypt
3490:Crete
3421:Morea
3250:Early
3130:[
3032:(PDF)
2928:JSTOR
2811:JSTOR
2408:The "
2192:, as
1989:Jesus
1970:Herod
1952:(see
1599:Irene
1422:rēgas
1333:Roman
1160:sufet
1124:, as
1121:sufet
801:nomos
700:Iliad
692:wanax
673:wanax
669:wanax
612:wanax
609:Homer
601:wanax
588:wanax
547:wanax
531:vazir
528:word
510:*/gʷ/
321:queen
256:Basil
192:title
135:Greek
4879:Lyra
4759:silk
4370:Jews
4145:Navy
4090:Late
3930:Army
3897:Wars
3848:Late
3742:Late
3372:Late
3058:ISBN
2994:2024
2981:ISBN
2954:ISBN
2879:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2782:ISBN
2733:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2518:ISBN
2488:ISBN
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