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27:
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250:, three or possibly four have yielded some pottery most likely dating from the 2nd-4th centuries (Late Roman period). Due to the scarcity of the findings, researchers are not yet able to identify the population which hid in the caves, or the historical events which forced them to hide underground. What these three caves have in common is that they are only accessible with the help of ropes, are not suitable for long-term habitation, and contain no installations. Research needs to be continued.
372:. It stands out as one of the earliest refuge caves discovered outside the Judaean Desert; instead, it was found in the Judean Mountainsโa epicenter of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Excavations uncovered skeletal remains of rebels, alongside three hoards of coins, notably containing a substantial number of Bar Kokhba coins likely from three distinct families. Additionally, two weapons, including a locally made spear, were found, concealed yet readily available for immediate use.
125:. Moreover, these caves have served as time capsules, preserving household items and valuable objects such as metalwork, pottery, glassware, jewelry, textiles, sandals and keys. These artifacts provide valuable insights into daily life during this tumultuous period, illuminating the experiences of refugees who were prepared for an uncertain future and hopeful for a return to their homes. Among the finds are letters authored by
291:
1648:
1658:
214:. Epigraphic evidence suggests that some refugees even came from farther east of the Dead Sea. Eshel and Amit proposed that caves near settlements were used by ordinary people, while leaders of communities and high officials of the Bar Kokhba administration sought refuge in more remote caves that were harder to access.
413:
period, but most are from the early Roman period. A local resident and metal detector expert reported finding over 25 Bar Kokhba coins, including 20 bronze coins with a palm tree, one with a jar, and 6 silver dinars. David Amit and Amos
Frumkin suggest that the cave was used by the rebels as a refuge
93:
during its suppression of the revolt. These caves are thought to have offered sanctuary to those in the eastern
Judaean Mountains and the Jordan Valley. Some caves show signs of successful refuge, while others contain skeletal remains of adults and children, indicating deaths due to starvation,
851:
Schifman, L. H., (2012), On the Edge of the
Diaspora: Jews in the Dead Sea Region in the First Two Centuries CE. pp. 175โ 95 in โGo out and Study the Landโ (Judges 18:2): Archaeological, Historical and Textual Studies in Honor of Hanan Eshel, ed. A. M. Maeir, J. Magness, and L. H. Schifman.
1308:
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earned its name from discoveries made during excavations in 1955. Among these were the skeletons of multiple women and children, alongside everyday objects and remnants of food. A subsequent excavation in 1961 unearthed fragments of a
141:
cliff, the almost inaccessible Yoram Cave, whose only opening is located some 4 metres (13 ft) above an exposed access path and 100 metres (330 ft) below the plateau, has been found to contain 6,000-year-old
438:). The 'Caves of the Spear' are a group of five refuge caves discovered north of Ein Gedi during the 2001-2004 survey, where Bar Kokhba coins, glass vessels, and weaponry were found, including a rare spearhead.
1062:
Zisu, Boaz; Langford, Boaz; Porat, Roi; Raviv, Dvir; Frumkin, Amos (2017). "ืืขืจืช ืขืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืจืืืืื - ืชืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืช ืืืืจ ืืืฆืืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืชืื ืืืืฆื ืืงืจืื ". In Tavger, Aharon; Amar, Zohar (eds.).
402:, within the eastern-central region of the West Bank. Explored by Boaz Zissu, Boaz Langford, and Amos Frumkin, the site yielded artifacts such as oil lamps, metalwork, glassware, and Bar Kokhba coinage.
861:
Refuge Caves of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, Vol. 1. ERETZโGeographic
Research and Publications Project for the Advancement of Knowledge of Eretz Israel. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University (Hebrew). pp. 14โ16
418:
A survey of less studied parts of the southern
Judaean Desert began in 2001. Before that date, 27 Bar Kokhba refuge caves were known from the Judaean Desert. In the Ein Gedi oasis, centered on two
242:, however, only the first two types of hideouts are known with certainty, with no refuge caves reported or published until 2018. At that point however, from among the 136 caves surveyed in the
430:, there are numerous caves, two of which have yielded Bar Kokhba findings since 2001, the Har Yishai Cave and the Sabar Cave, both on the northern side of Nahal David. In 2004, fragments of a
150:
people fleeing an unknown catastrophe and carrying with them the grain into the desert, the closest place where the barley could have been grown being at least 20 kilometers (12 miles) away.
262:, also known as Nahal Darga, is a ravine located in the northern Judaean Desert. It houses three karstic caves that served as refuges during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Excavated in 1952 by
926:
Zissu, Boaz; Eshel, Hanan; Langford, Boaz; Frumkin, Amos (2010). "Coins from the Bar Kokhba Revolt, hidden in Mearat Ha-Teomim (Mughรขret Umm et Tรปeimรฎn), Western
Jerusalem Hills".
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270:, the caves yielded textiles, basketry, ropes, and fragments of leather and papyrus inscribed in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek. Among the discoveries were biblical texts, a
1714:
26:
19:
This article is about natural caves used by refugees in the latter phase of the Bar Kokhba revolt. For the hideout systems built in preparation for the revolt, see
1709:
1689:
344:
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603:(2005). "ืืขืจืืืช ืืืกืชืืจ ืืืจืฅ ืืืืื: ืขืืืื ืืจืืืืืืืื ืืืืืืืจืคื ืฉื ืืฉืชืจืขืืช ืืืืืช ืืจ ืืืืื". In ืืืจ, ืื ืื; ืคืกืืืจ, ื'ืง; ืจืื ื, ืืฉืจืื; ืืฉืื ืื, ืืขืงื (eds.).
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thirst, or encounters with Roman forces, as evidenced by the construction of siege camps and the discovery of arrowheads embedded in cave ceilings.
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scroll, brought to the cave in the summer of 135 CE, at the end of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, were discovered in the 'Nahal Arugot cave' (see
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157:, the Kamon Cave, was found to hold large storage jars as well as valuables, placed there at the end of the 4th century BCE during the
1385:
1699:
719:
612:
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and is one of the largest caves in the western highlands of the
Southern Levant. Among the few potsherds found, several date to the
842:
Ilan, T., (2001), Witnesses in the
Judaean Desert Documents: Proso pographical Observations. Scripta Classica Israelica 20: 174โ176
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113:, have yielded many notable archaeological artifacts. These include fragments of Biblical scrolls, documents inscribed in
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327:โ featuring the documents of a upper-middle class woman โ and a collection of letters in Hebrew and Aramaic written by
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667:"Glass Vessel Use in Time of Conflict: The Evidence from the Bar Kokhba Refuge Caves in Judaea, Israel (135/136 C.E.)"
463:
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182:. These caves are believed to have provided sanctuary for Jewish refugees fleeing from their homes in the eastern
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Klein, Eitan; Ganor, Amir; Distelfeld, Nir; Langford, Boaz; Ullman, Micka; Porat, Roi; Frumkin, Amos (2023).
632:
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which often contain hewn installations, the refuge caves remained largely untouched by human intervention.
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666:
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987:"Religious Aspects of the Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Founding of Aelia Capitolina on the Ruins of Jerusalem"
633:"Religious Aspects of the Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Founding of Aelia Capitolina on the Ruins of Jerusalem"
1362:
1025:"Glass Use as a Reflection of Abandonment Processes: The 'Abud Refuge Cave, Roman Judea (133/134 C.E.)"
872:
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in the
Judaean Desert. In 1960, artifacts dating back to the Bar Kokhba revolt were discovered here by
1607:
90:
442:
323:. Among the findings were skeletal remains of several families, garments, vessels, the archive of
74:. Some were also found in ravines flowing into the Dead Sea, while others were nestled within the
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347:. Arrowheads embedded in the cave's ceiling provide evidence of Roman attacks on the refugees.
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226:, cliff shelters, and refuge caves) were documented in what in biblical terms is known as the
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542:"The Meiron Valley Cave Survey and the Use of Karstic Caves for Refuge in the Roman Period"
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Until recently, the vast majority of the hideout systems datable to the Bar Kokhba revolt (
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1444:
359:, near Beit Shemesh, where hoards of coins, skeletons and two concealed weapons were found
312:
295:
154:
137:
Caves were used for refuge throughout history in the region. Up the southern slope of the
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himself, offering a direct glimpse into the leadership and administration of the revolt.
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368:, also known as the Twins Cave, is situated in the western Jerusalem Mountains near
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1203:"The 'Caves of the Spear' Refuge Caves from the Bar-Kokhba Revolt North of En-Gedi"
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446:
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The 'Aboud Cave, situated in the western
Benjamin Hills near the modern village of
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78:. Unlike the other two hideout systems used by the rebels, the man-made rock-cut
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816:"The Kamon Cave Survey: A Refuge Cave from the Time of the Wars of the Diadochi"
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513:
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388:
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316:
121:, a variety of weaponryโboth locally produced and plundered from the Romansโand
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31:
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763:"Domestication of barley began in northern Israel, 6000-year-old grains reveal"
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1165:"Fragments of a Leviticus scroll (Aruglev) found in the Judean desert in 2004"
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820:
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66:, nestled within steep cliffs far away from settlements, many overlooking the
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found 16 coins there, including four minted by the Bar Kokhba administration.
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790:"6 millennia old but 'almost fresh,' Masada seeds unravel barley's origins"
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35:
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161:, which wrought havoc in the region including the destruction of nearby
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seeds. Researchers believe that it was a place of short-term refuge for
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1380:
991:
The Religious Aspects of War in the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome
852:
Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 148. Leiden: Brill.
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The Religious Aspects of War in the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome
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Situated on the southern flank of Nahal Hever, near the Dead Sea, the
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387:/Wadi es-Suweinit, a stream in the northern Judaean Desert. In 1997,
243:
143:
138:
1231:
1019:
Jackson-Tal, Ruth E.; Raviv, Dvir; Langford, Boaz; Davidovich, Uri;
1613:
943:"Eusebius and Hadrian's Founding of Aelia Capitolina in Jerusalem"
350:
289:
25:
912:
Eshel, H. (2010). Gleaning of scrolls from the Judean Desert. In
737:"Genome of 6,000-year-old barley grains sequenced for first time"
607:(in Hebrew). ืืจืืฉืืื: ืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืจ ืืชืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื. p. 125.
419:
1235:
405:
The Tur Saffa cave is located in the western Hebron Hills near
1096:
Amit, David; Amos, Frumkin. Eshel, Hanan; Porat, Roi (eds.).
1124:"Finds from the Bar Kokhba Revolt from Two Caves at En Gedi"
1103:. ืืขืจืช ืืืจ-ืฆืคื: ืืขืจืช ืืคืื ืืืื ืืจื ืืจ-ืืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืจ ืืืจืื.
230:. More recently, such caves were discovered north of it, in
441:
Other known Bar Kokhba refuge caves are 'Araq el-Battan in
1201:
Porat, Roi; Eshel, Hanan; Frumkin, Amos (January 2009).
335:, namely, Yehonatan ben Be'ayah and Masabala ben Shimon.
89:
Jews taking shelter in refuge caves aimed to escape the
714:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. ix.
671:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
16:
Natural caves used as sanctuaries by Jewish refugees
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1563:
1526:
1488:
1415:
1408:
1371:
1340:
1333:
1316:
1281:
510:The Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Archaeological Evidence
449:cave, and the Wadi el-Makkuk (Nahal Makuk) caves.
178:Over 30 refuge caves have been discovered in the
1163:Eshel, Hanan; Baruchi, Yosi; Porat, Roi (2006).
1122:Porat, Roi; Eshel, Hanan; Frumkin, Amos (2007).
54:are natural caves that were used for shelter by
282:scroll was found in a small crevice there by a
62:. Most of the refuge caves were located in the
190:, mainly originated from nearby areas such as
1247:
605:ืืืืจืืื: ืงืืืฅ ืืืงืจืื ืืชืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืขืช ืืขืชืืงื
123:coins minted by the Bar Kokhba administration
8:
873:"Chapter 3: Discoveries at Wadi Murabba'at"
1412:
1396:Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus
1337:
1254:
1240:
1232:
1075:and Hari Gofna Midrash. pp. 172โ173.
508:; Zissu, Boaz (2019). "The Refuge Caves".
958:
710:; VanderKam, James C. (2000). "Preface".
540:Shivtiel, Yinon; Osband, Mechael (2018).
985:Zissu, Boaz; Eshel, Hanan (2016-01-01),
1715:130s establishments in the Roman Empire
1581:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
1098:"Refuge Caves of the Bar Kokhba Revolt"
484:
980:
978:
1710:Archaeological sites in the West Bank
871:Vaux, Father Roland de (2009-01-01),
591:
589:
535:
533:
7:
1690:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
1657:
1634:Rabbinic stance on Bar Kokhba revolt
877:The Dead Sea Scrolls, A Full History
712:Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
702:
700:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
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315:is located in the northern cliff of
1023:; Porat, Roi; Zissu, Boaz (2020).
14:
683:10.5615/bullamerschoorie.376.0029
38:, where refuge caves such as the
1656:
1647:
1646:
1307:
1071:] (in Hebrew). Vol. 7.
941:Hofman, Miriam Ben Zeev (2019).
1129:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
960:10.4467/20800909el.19.007.11210
194:along the western shore of the
58:during the later phases of the
34:, a riverbed near the southern
1705:Archaeological sites in Israel
788:Ilan Ben Zion (18 July 2016).
735:BIU spokesman (19 July 2016).
665:Jackson-Tal, Ruth Eve (2016).
345:Minor Prophets Scroll in Greek
202:, and northern locations like
1:
631:; Eshel, Hanan (2016-01-01),
1417:Bar Kokhba hiding complexes
993:, Brill, pp. 389โ393,
879:, Brill, pp. 115โ129,
464:Bar Kokhba hiding complexes
286:a few years later, in 1955.
198:, villages in the southern
21:Bar Kokhba hiding complexes
1746:
1208:Israel Exploration Journal
1181:10.1163/156851706776205941
1105:Israel Exploration Society
298:, where letters sent from
109:, as well as those within
18:
1642:
1534:Bar Kokhba revolt coinage
1305:
1269:
928:Israel Numismatic Journal
885:10.1163/9789004193741_004
97:Refuge caves such as the
1700:Historic sites in Israel
1334:Belligerents and leaders
1142:10.1179/003103207x163004
1029:Journal of Glass Studies
264:Gerald Lankester Harding
82:, and the hard-to-reach
1685:Bar Kokhba refuge caves
1490:Bar Kokhba refuge caves
1069:In the Highland's Depth
549:In the Highland's Depth
52:Bar Kokhba refuge caves
1619:Legio XXII Deiotariana
1294:First JewishโRoman War
708:Schiffman, Lawrence W.
639:, Brill, p. 389,
360:
307:
274:, and letters sent by
47:
1391:Sextus Julius Severus
1386:Quintus Tineius Rufus
743:. Bar-Ilan University
741:Bar-Ilan in the Press
354:
293:
29:
1317:Military engagements
1169:Dead Sea Discoveries
914:The Dead Sea Scrolls
1608:Lamentations Rabbah
916:(pp. 47-87). Brill.
794:The Times of Israel
218:Samaria and Galilee
153:A refuge cave from
1602:Messiah in Judaism
1551:Archive of Babatha
1539:Bar Kokhba weights
1363:Eleazar of Modi'im
1353:Yeshua ben Galgula
565:10.26351/ITHD/8/14
516:. pp. 62โ64.
361:
331:to the leaders of
308:
228:territory of Judah
133:Older refuge caves
48:
1725:Bar Kokhba revolt
1672:
1671:
1559:
1558:
1404:
1403:
1274:JewishโRoman wars
1263:Bar Kokhba revolt
1082:978-965-91808-0-6
1000:978-90-04-32476-3
894:978-90-04-19374-1
765:. Ido Efrati for
646:978-90-04-32476-3
523:978-965-217-429-1
514:Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi
383:located in Nahal
302:to the people of
272:marriage contract
76:Judaean Mountains
60:Bar Kokhba revolt
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329:Simon bar Kokhba
300:Simon bar Kokhba
276:Simon bar Kokhba
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184:Judean Mountains
127:Simon bar Kokhba
80:hiding complexes
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111:Wadi Murabba'at
99:Cave of Letters
56:Jewish refugees
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1440:Khirbet Jamjum
1437:
1432:
1430:Khirbet Kelafa
1427:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1325:Siege of Betar
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1193:
1155:
1114:
1088:
1081:
1054:
1011:
999:
974:
933:
930:(17): 113โ147.
918:
905:
893:
863:
854:
844:
835:
824:(112): 251โ277
806:
780:
769:. 19 July 2016
754:
727:
720:
696:
657:
645:
620:
613:
585:
559:Press: 27โ55.
529:
522:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
454:
451:
416:
415:
403:
396:
373:
349:
348:
340:Cave of Horror
336:
288:
287:
280:Minor Prophets
268:Roland de Vaux
255:
252:
219:
216:
180:Judaean Desert
175:
174:Judaean Desert
172:
170:
167:
134:
131:
103:Cave of Horror
84:cliff shelters
64:Judaean Desert
40:Cave of Horror
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
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1701:
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1665:
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1645:
1644:
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1627:
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1610:
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1598:
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1579:
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1574:
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1569:
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1501:
1499:
1496:
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1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Horvat Midras
1468:
1466:
1465:Horvat 'Ethri
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Horvat Burgin
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Kiryat Arbaya
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Khirbet Almit
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
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1339:
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1332:
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1323:
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1320:
1315:
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1268:
1264:
1257:
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1238:
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1234:
1230:
1214:
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1197:
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1182:
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1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1107:(in Hebrew).
1106:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
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1034:
1030:
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1002:
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
975:
970:
966:
961:
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952:
948:
944:
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934:
929:
922:
919:
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909:
906:
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890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
864:
858:
855:
848:
845:
839:
836:
823:
822:
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810:
807:
795:
791:
784:
781:
768:
764:
758:
755:
742:
738:
731:
728:
723:
721:0-19-508450-0
717:
713:
709:
703:
701:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:
648:
642:
638:
634:
630:
624:
621:
616:
614:965-227-210-8
610:
606:
602:
598:
592:
590:
586:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
543:
536:
534:
530:
525:
519:
515:
512:. Jerusalem:
511:
507:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
485:
479:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
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448:
444:
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429:
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421:
412:
408:
404:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
362:
358:
353:
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341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:
253:
251:
249:
248:Upper Galilee
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Hebron region
197:
193:
189:
188:Jordan Valley
185:
181:
173:
168:
166:
164:
160:
159:Diadochi Wars
156:
151:
149:
145:
140:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:Jordan Valley
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
1662:
1606:
1518:Te'omim Cave
1489:
1460:Horvat 'Eqed
1373:Roman Empire
1272:Part of the
1271:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1212:
1206:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1175:(1): 55โ60.
1172:
1168:
1158:
1136:(1): 35โ53.
1133:
1127:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1091:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1032:
1028:
1014:
1004:, retrieved
990:
950:
946:
936:
927:
921:
913:
908:
898:, retrieved
876:
866:
857:
847:
838:
826:. Retrieved
819:
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:
783:
771:. Retrieved
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
730:
711:
674:
670:
660:
650:, retrieved
636:
623:
604:
576:. Retrieved
552:
548:
509:
506:Eshel, Hanan
447:Nahal Qidron
443:Nahal Shiloh
440:
428:Nahal Arugot
417:
411:Chalcolithic
381:karstic cave
370:Beit Shemesh
366:Te'omim Cave
357:Te'omim cave
321:Yigael Yadin
221:
177:
152:
148:Chalcolithic
136:
96:
88:
83:
51:
49:
1597:Cassius Dio
1571:Ten Martyrs
1513:El-Jai cave
1450:Hazan caves
1409:Archaeology
1358:Rabbi Akiva
1021:Frumkin, A.
629:Zissu, Boaz
597:ืงืืื ืจ, ืขืืืก
424:Nahal David
377:El-Jai cave
317:Nahal Hever
107:Nahal Hever
32:Nahal Hever
1679:Categories
1629:Tur Shimon
1480:Tel Lavnin
1215:(1): 21โ46
1111:: 397โ401.
1006:2024-05-02
900:2024-05-02
652:2024-05-02
601:ืืืกื, ืืืขื
480:References
407:Tarqumiyah
91:Roman army
30:A view of
1564:Aftermath
1475:Tel Goded
1150:0031-0328
1065:ืืืขืื ืืืจ
1041:0075-4250
1035:: 69โ82.
969:1897-3426
799:12 August
773:12 August
747:12 August
691:0003-097X
677:: 56โ57.
573:2308-247X
432:Leviticus
208:Jerusalem
1652:Category
1049:26951073
947:Electrum
453:See also
333:Ein Gedi
304:Ein Gedi
254:Examples
232:Benjamin
204:Herodium
196:Dead Sea
192:Ein Gedi
186:and the
70:and the
68:Dead Sea
36:Dead Sea
1663:Commons
1624:Koseiba
1381:Hadrian
1282:Origins
953:: 120.
821:'Atiqot
767:Haaretz
459:Babatha
385:Michmas
325:Babatha
284:Bedouin
240:Galilee
236:Samaria
212:Jericho
169:Regions
115:Aramaic
1289:Judaea
1148:
1079:
1047:
1039:
997:
967:
891:
718:
689:
643:
611:
571:
520:
474:Qumran
445:, the
400:'Aboud
244:Meiron
210:, and
144:barley
139:Masada
1614:Legio
1219:5 May
1186:4 May
1101:(PDF)
1067:[
1045:JSTOR
828:3 May
578:3 May
545:(PDF)
420:wadis
414:cave.
393:Zissu
389:Eshel
379:is a
238:. In
119:Greek
1221:2024
1188:2024
1146:ISSN
1077:ISBN
1037:ISSN
995:ISBN
965:ISSN
889:ISBN
830:2024
801:2016
775:2016
749:2016
716:ISBN
687:ISSN
641:ISBN
609:ISBN
580:2024
569:ISSN
518:ISBN
426:and
391:and
375:The
364:The
311:The
294:The
278:. A
266:and
234:and
163:Acre
117:and
101:and
50:The
42:and
1544:Zuz
1177:doi
1138:doi
1134:139
955:doi
881:doi
679:doi
675:376
561:doi
105:in
1681::
1213:59
1211:.
1205:.
1173:13
1171:.
1167:.
1144:.
1132:.
1126:.
1043:.
1033:62
1031:.
1027:.
989:,
977:^
963:.
951:26
949:.
945:.
887:,
875:,
818:.
792:.
739:.
699:^
685:.
673:.
669:.
635:,
599:;
588:^
567:.
555:.
551:.
547:.
532:^
487:^
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206:,
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1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
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1190:.
1179::
1152:.
1140::
1109:2
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1051:.
971:.
957::
883::
832:.
803:.
777:.
751:.
724:.
693:.
681::
617:.
582:.
563::
553:8
526:.
23:.
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