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828:, also railroad ties, telephone, and power poles are salvaged to be used as corner posts (poles and railroad ties were often treated with chemicals determined to be an environmental hazard and cannot be reused in some jurisdictions). In Canada spruce posts are sold for this purpose. Posts are 10 centimetres (4 in) in diameter driven at least 1.2 metres (4 ft) and may be anchored in a concrete base 51 centimetres (20 in) square and 110 centimetres (42 in) deep. Iron posts, if used, are a minimum 64 millimetres (2.5 in) in diameter. Bracing wire is typically smooth 9-gauge. Line posts are set to a depth of about 76 centimetres (30 in). Conversely, steel posts are not as stiff as wood, and wires are fastened with slips along fixed teeth, which means variations in driving height affect wire spacing.
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ground. The wire stood on these supports on a thick web, about four feet high and from thirty to forty feet across. The wire used was generally as thick as sailor's marline stuff, or two twisted rope yarns. It contained, as a rule, some sixteen barbs to the foot. The wire used in front of our lines was generally galvanized, and remained grey after months of exposure. The (German) wire, not being galvanized, rusted to a black color, and shows up black at a great distance.
552:" incident in the 1880s. This occurred because of the instinctual migrations of cattle away from the blizzard conditions of the Northern Plains to the warmer and plentiful Southern Plains, but by the early 1880s this area was already divided and claimed by ranchers. The ranchers in place, especially in the Texas Panhandle, knew that their holdings could not support the grazing of additional cattle, so the only alternative was to block the migrations with barb wire fencing.
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barbs were much closer together, often forming a continuous sequence. Barbed wire could be exposed to heavy bombardments because it could be easily replaced, and its structure included so much open space that machine guns rarely destroyed enough of it to defeat its purpose. However, barbed wire was defeated by the
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post) is held to one corner post with wire rings which act as hinges. On the other end a full-length post, the tractor post, is placed with the pointed end upwards with a ring on the bottom stapled to the other corner post, the latch post, and on top a ring is stapled to the tractor post, tied with a
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Galvanized wire is classified into three categories; Classes I, II, and III. Class I has the thinnest coating and the shortest life expectancy. A wire with Class I coating will start showing general rusting in 8 to 10 years, while the same wire with Class III coating will show rust in 15 to 20 years.
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Between 1873 and 1899 there were as many as 150 companies manufacturing barbed wire. Investors knew that the business required minimal capital, and almost anyone with determination could profit by manufacturing a new wire design. There was then a sharp decline in the number of manufacturers, and many
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Later
Glidden was joined by Ellwood who knew his design could not compete with Glidden's for which he applied for a patent in October 1873. Meanwhile, Haish, who had already secured several patents for barbed wire design, applied for a patent on his third type of wire, the S barb, and accused Glidden
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Ranchers moved out on the plains, and needed to fence their land in against encroaching farmers and other ranchers. The railroads throughout the growing West needed to keep livestock off their tracks, and farmers needed to keep stray cattle from trampling their crops. Traditional fence materials used
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One
British writer described how the Germans used barbed wire as follows: The enemy wire was always deep, thick, and securely staked with iron supports, which were either crossed like the letter X, or upright, with loops to take the wire and shaped at one end like corkscrews so as to screw into the
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to prevent movement, with deadly consequences. Barbed wire entanglements were placed in front of trenches to prevent direct charges on men below, increasingly leading to greater use of more advanced weapons such as high-powered machine guns and grenades. A feature of these entanglements was that the
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or one of numerous other opening bindings. Wires are then tied around the post at one end then run to the other end where they are stretched by hand or with a stretcher, before posts are stapled on every 1.2 metres (4 ft). Often this type of gate is called a portagee fence or a portagee gate in
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Gates for cattle tend to have four wires when along a three wire fence, as cattle tend to put more stress on gates, particularly on corner gates. The fence on each side of the gate ends with two corner posts braced or unbraced depending on the size of the post. An unpounded post (often an old broken
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Crimp sleeves. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and bound to the incoming wire using metal sleeves which are crimped using lock cutters. This method should be avoided because while sleeves can work well on repairs in the middle of the fence where there is not enough wire for hand knotting,
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in the UK, a New
Zealand gate in some areas, and often simply a "gate" elsewhere. Made of wire with posts attached at both ends and in the middle, it is permanently wired on one side and attaches to a gate post with wire loops on the other. Most designs can be opened by hand, though some gates that
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connects the top of the two posts, and a diagonal wire connects the top of the brace post to the bottom of the corner post. This diagonal wire prevents the brace post from leaning, which in turn allows the horizontal brace to prevent the corner post from leaning into the brace post. A second set of
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Smaller companies were decimated because of economies of scale and the smaller pool of consumers available to them, compared to the larger corporations. The
American Steel and Wire Company established in 1899 employed vertical integration: it controlled all aspects of production, from producing the
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Fencing consisting of flat and thin wire was first proposed in France, by Leonce Eugene
Grassin-Baledans in 1860. His design consisted of bristling points, creating a fence that was painful to cross. In April 1865 Louis François Janin proposed a double wire with diamond-shaped metal barbs; Francois
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In high soil-fertility areas where dairy cattle are used in great numbers, 5- or 7-wire fences are common as the main boundary and internal dividing fences. On sheep farms 7-wire fences are common with the second (from bottom) to fifth wire being plain wire. In New
Zealand wire fences must provide
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works well for this) often using a staple to hold the height and then reeled out along the span of the fence replacing the roll every 400 m. It is then wrapped around the opposite corner post, pulled tightly with wire stretchers, and sometimes nailed with more fence staples, although this may make
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Barbed wire is cited by historians as the invention that tamed the West. Herding large numbers of cattle on open range required significant manpower to catch strays. Barbed wire provided an inexpensive method to control the movement of cattle. By the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of
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of
Illinois began to promote barbed wire, now a proven product, in the lucrative markets of Texas. At first, Texans were hesitant, as they feared that cattle might be harmed, or that the North was somehow trying to make profits from the South. There was also conflict between the farmers who wanted
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in
England in the early 18th century. These disputes were decisively settled in favor of the farmers, and heavy penalties were instituted for cutting a barbed wire fence. Within 2 years, nearly all of the open range had been fenced in under private ownership. For this reason, some historians have
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are installed along the span of the fence at intervals of 2.5 to 15 m (8 to 50 ft). An interval of 5 m (16 ft) is most common. Heavy livestock and crowded pasture demands the smaller spacing. The sole function of a line post is not to take up slack but to keep the barbed wire
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This was simply a wooden block with wire protrusions designed to keep cows from breaching the fence. That day, Glidden was accompanied by two other men, Isaac L. Ellwood, a hardware dealer and Jacob Haish, a lumber merchant. Like
Glidden, they both wanted to create a more durable wire fence with
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in 1876 showed that the wire could keep cattle contained, and sales then increased dramatically. Gates eventually parted company with
Ellwood and became a barbed wire baron in his own right. Throughout the height of barbed wire sales in the late 19th century, Washburn, Ellwood, Gates, and Haish
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Barbed wire production greatly increased with Glidden and Ellwood's establishment of the Barb Fence Company in DeKalb following the success of "The Winner". The company's success attracted the attention of Charles Francis Washburn, Vice President of Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, an
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For this reason, horse fences may have rubber bands nailed parallel to the wires. More than 60 different species of wildlife have been reported in Australia as victims of entanglement on barbed wire fences, and the wildlife friendly fencing project is beginning to address this problem. Grazing
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for longevity. High-tensile wire is made with thinner but higher-strength steel. Its greater strength makes fences longer lasting because it resists stretching and loosening better, coping with expansion and contraction caused by heat and animal pressure by stretching and relaxing within wider
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The gaps between posts vary depending on type and terrain. On short fences in hilly country, steel posts may be placed every 3 metres (3 yd), while in flat terrain with long spans and relatively few stock they may be spaced up to 30 to 50 metres (33 to 55 yd) apart. Wooden posts are
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More patents followed, and in 1867 alone there were six patents issued for barbed wire. Only two of them addressed livestock deterrence, one of which was from American Lucien B. Smith of Ohio. Before 1870, westward movement in the United States was largely across the plains with little or no
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Movement against barbed wire can result in moderate to severe injuries to the skin and, depending on body area and barbed wire configuration, possibly to the underlying tissue. Humans can manage not to injure themselves excessively when dealing with barbed wire as long as they are cautious.
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As with any fence, barbed wire fences require gates to allow the passage of persons, vehicles and farm implements. Gates vary in width from 3.5 metres (12 ft) to allow the passage of vehicles and tractors, to 12 metres (40 ft) on farm land to pass combines and swathers.
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to help enforce their claims, livestock continued to cross range boundaries. Fences of smooth wire did not hold stock well, and hedges were difficult to grow and maintain. Barbed wire's introduction in the West in the 1870s dramatically reduced the cost of enclosing land.
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are often trained and inured to the injuries caused by barbed wire. Several soldiers can lie across the wire to form a bridge for the rest of the formation to pass over; often any injury thus incurred is due to the tread of those passing over and not to the wire itself.
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The government of the United States built its first international border fence from 1909 to 1911 along the California-Mexico border. It included barbed wire and was intended to keep cattle from moving between the two countries. In 1924, the United States created its
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in the Eastern U.S., like wood and stone, were expensive to use in the large open spaces of the plains, and hedging was not reliable in the rocky, clay-based and rain-starved dusty soils. A cost-effective alternative was needed to make cattle operations profitable.
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Most barbed wire fences, while sufficient to discourage cattle, are passable by humans who can simply climb over or through the fence by stretching the gaps between the wires using non-barbed sections of the wire as handholds. To prevent humans crossing, many
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Zinc-coated steel wire. Galvanized steel wire is the most widely used steel wire during barbed wire production. It has commercial type, Class 1 type and Class 3 type. Or it is also well known as electric galvanized steel wire and hot dipped galvanized steel
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ended with the passage of a Texas law in 1884 that made fence cutting a felony. Other states followed, although conflicts occurred through the early years of the 20th century. An 1885 federal law forbade placing such fences across the public domain.
1131:. The limited mobility of someone climbing a fence makes passing conventional barbed wire more difficult. On some chain link fences, these strands are attached to a bracket tilted 45 degrees towards the intruder, further increasing the difficulty.
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and comes in rolls of 400 m (1,320 ft) length. Barbed wire is usually placed on the inner (pasture) side of the posts. Where a fence runs between two pastures livestock could be with the wire on the outside or on both sides of the fence.
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important producer of plain wire in the Eastern U.S. Washburn visited DeKalb and convinced Glidden to sell his stake in the Barb Wire Fence Company, while Ellwood stayed in DeKalb and renamed the company I.L Ellwood & Company of DeKalb.
940:(springy) nature, it is harder to handle and somewhat dangerous for inexperienced fencers. Soft wire is much easier to work but is less durable and only suitable for short spans such as repairs and gates, where it is less likely to tangle.
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115:, a thorny bush that is time-consuming to transplant and grow). When wire fences became widely available in the United States in the late 19th century, it became more affordable to fence much larger areas than before, and intensive
440:. Glidden, a farmer in 1873 and the first of the "Big Four," is often credited for designing a successful sturdy barbed wire product, but he let others popularize it for him. Glidden's idea came from a display at a fair in
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Many of the herds were decimated in the winter of 1885, with some losing as many as three-quarters of all animals when they could not find a way around the fence. Later other smaller scale cattlemen, especially in central
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is using Norwegian (and other Northern European region) hides for producing leather interior in their cars, since the hides from Norwegian cattle have fewer scratches than hides from countries where barbed wire is used.
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were used for the installation of wire obstacles; these were metal rods with eyelets for holding strands of wire, and a corkscrew-like end that could literally be screwed into the ground rather than hammered, so that
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where prisoners were gassed or experimented on were often separated from other areas by electrified wire and were often braided with branches to prevent outsiders from knowing what was concealed behind their walls.
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normally spaced at 10 metres (11 yd) on all terrain, with 4 or 5 battens in between. However, many farmers place posts 2 metres (2 yd) apart as battens can bend, causing wires to close in on one another.
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in most regions of the United States, but not all countries. The wire is aligned under tension between heavy, braced, fence posts (strainer posts) and then held at the correct height by being attached to wooden or
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Hand-knotting. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and knotted by hand. This is the most common method of attaching wire to a corner post. A timber hitch works well as it stays better with wire than with
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Most gates can be opened by push post. The chain is then wrapped around the tractor post and pulled onto the nail, stronger people can pull the gate tighter but anyone can jar off the chain to open the gate.
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is added in-line. This has the function of a corner post and brace assembly but handles tension from opposite sides. It uses diagonal brace wire that connects the tops to the bottoms of all adjacent posts.
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Corner posts are 15 to 20 centimetres (6 to 8 in) in diameter or larger, and a minimum 2.5 metres (8 ft) in length may consist of treated wood or from durable on-site trees such as osage orange,
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Because of the risk of injuries, in 2010 Norway prohibited making new fences with barbed wire for limiting migration of animals. Electric fences are used instead. Consequently, automotive brands such as
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Conventional twist. The strand wire (line wire) are twisted in single direction, which is also known as traditional twist. Besides, the barb wires are twisted between the two strand wire (line wire).
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fixed barbs. Glidden experimented with a grindstone to twist two wires together to hold the barbs on the wire in place. The barbs were created from experiments with a coffee mill from his home.
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As the war progressed, the wire was used in shorter lengths that were easier to transport and more difficult to cut with artillery. Other inventions were also a result of the war, such as the
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126:, California, area, who spent nearly $ 4,000 (equivalent to $ 102,000 in 2023) to have wood for fencing delivered and erected to protect 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) of wheat crop from
1229:. Horses panic easily, and once caught in barbed wire, large patches of skin may be torn off. At best, such injuries may heal, but they may cause disability or death (particularly due to
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readjustment of tension or replacement of the wire more difficult. Then it is attached to all of the line posts with fencing staples driven in partially to allow stretching of the wire.
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A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort and possibly injury. Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire, and fixing devices such as
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Wire wrap. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and wrapped onto a special, gritted helical wire which also wraps around the incoming wire, with friction holding it in place.
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Barbed wire began to be widely used as an implement of war during World War I. Wire was placed either to impede or halt the passage of soldiers, or to channel them into narrow
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Barbed wire was used for the first time by Portuguese troops defending from African tribes during the Combat of Magul in 1895. Less well known is its extensive usage in the
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steel rods to making many different wire and nail products from that steel. It later became part of U.S. Steel, and barbed wire remained a major source of revenue.
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were consolidated into larger companies, notably the American Steel and Wire Company, formed by the merging of Gates's and Washburn's and Ellwood's industries.
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Barbed wire was important in protecting range rights in the Western U.S. Although some ranchers put notices in newspapers claiming land areas, and joined
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architecture, where it usually surrounded the camp and was electrified to prevent escape. Barbed wire served the purpose of keeping prisoners contained.
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was granted a patent. Michael Kelly from New York had a similar idea, and proposed that the fencing should be used specifically for deterring animals.
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An 1880 US District Court decision upheld the validity of the Glidden patent, effectively establishing a monopoly. This decision was affirmed by the
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Papers, 1878-1938, of Texas rancher and co-inventor Isaac L. Ellwood in Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University
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competed with one another. Ellwood and Gates eventually joined forces again to create the American Steel and Wire Company, later acquired by The
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2009:"Stock Photo - TEL AVIV, PALESTINE, 1948: Israeli Haganah fighter dashes across a human bridge formed by two comrades over barbed wire obstacle"
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Reverse twist. The strand wire (line wire) are twisted in opposite direction. Besides, the barb wires are twisted outside of the two line wire.
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An example of the costs of fencing with lumber immediately prior to the invention of barbed wire can be found with the first farmers in the
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it takes no room, exhausts no soil, shades no vegetation, is proof against high winds, makes no snowdrifts, and is both durable and cheap.
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in 1892. In 1898 Gates took control of Washburn and Moen, and created the American Steel and Wire monopoly, which became a part of the
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of John W. Gates, barbed wire promoter who monopolized the industry with the American Steel and Wire Company, accessed March 29, 2006
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constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strands. Its primary use is the construction of inexpensive
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was infamous for using a baseball bat wrapped in barbed wire—and infrequently as a covering of or substitute for the ring ropes.
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vehicles. The vehicles were used to drive into protesters and rioters and were nicknamed "Daly dozers" after then-Chicago mayor
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in 1876. The demonstration showing cattle restrained by the new kind of fencing was followed immediately by invitations to the
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became increasingly aimed at cutting the barbed wire that was a major component of trench warfare, particularly once new
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are frequently opened and closed may have a lever attached to assist in bringing the upper wire loop over the gate post.
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between open range ranchers and farmers in the late 19th century. These were similar to the disputes which resulted from
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1900:"The barbed-wire enclosed camp for migratory workers at the Cannon [Canning] Company of Bridgeville, Delaware"
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of interference, deferring Glidden's approval for his patented wire, nicknamed "The Winner," until November 24, 1874.
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and founded the Southern Wire Company, which became the largest manufacturer of unlicensed or "bootleg" barbed wire.
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Polymer-coated steel wire. Zinc steel wire or zinc-aluminum steel wire with PVC, PE or other organic polymer coating.
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Restriction of movement, appropriate clothing, and slow movement when close to barbed wire aid in reducing injury.
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Once these posts and bracing have been erected, the wire is wrapped around one corner post, held with a hitch (a
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in La Crosse, Kansas is the only museum in the world dedicated solely to barbed wire and the history of fencing.
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Single barb. Also known as 2-point barbed wire. It uses single barb wire twisted on the line wire (strand wire).
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is commonly referred to with the short phrase "Mauer und Stacheldraht" (that is, "wall and barbed wire"), and
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to place orders. Gates subsequently had a falling out with Washburn and Moen and Isaac Ellwood. He moved to
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1940:"Immigrant Life: Home, Community, and Social Aspects · Immigrants and the American West · Digital Exhibits"
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Single strand. Simple and light duty structure with single line wire (also known as strand wire) and barbs.
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Wire vise. The wire is passed through a hole drilled into the corner post and is anchored on the far side.
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Zinc-aluminum alloy coated steel wire. Barbed wire is available with zinc, 5% or 10% aluminum alloy and
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The frequent use of barbed wire on prison walls, around concentration camps, and the like, has made it
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Joseph M., McFadden, "Monopoly in Barbed Wire: The Formation of the American Steel and Wire Company."
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Joseph M., McFadden, "Monopoly in Barbed Wire: The Formation of the American Steel and Wire Company."
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Double barb. Also known as 4-point barbed wire. Two barb wires twisted on the line wire (strand wire).
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An early handmade specimen of Glidden's "The Winner" on display at the Barbed Wire History Museum in
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Masefield, John, "The Old Front Line'" The Macmillan Company, New York, Copyright 1917, pages 87-88.
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in 1873, by Henry B. Rose. Rose had patented "The Wooden Strip with Metallic Points" in May 1873.
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without the necessity of hammering stakes into the ground and drawing attention from the enemy.
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could work at night near enemy soldiers and not reveal their position by the sound of hammers.
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The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of
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and the bracing assembly. A barbed wire fence is under tremendous tension, often up to half a
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1995:"Architectures of Revolt: The Cinematic City Circa 1968 [PDF] [53qb1co901l0]"
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A commonly seen alternative is the placement of a few strands of barbed wire at the top of a
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Wire fences are cheaper and easier to erect than their alternatives (one such alternative is
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passage for dogs since they are the main means of controlling and driving animals on farms.
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The most important and most time-consuming part of a barbed wire fence is constructing the
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of oppression and denial of freedom in general. For example, in Germany, the totality of
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into Pakistan was controlled in Pakistan's largest province, Balochistan, under General
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More significantly, barbed wire was used extensively by all participating combatants in
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era of American history to the invention and subsequent proliferation of barbed wire.
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2523:– "single piece of metal with four points, attached to a flat rail" (February, 1874)
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Double strand. Conventional structure with double strand wire (line wire) and barbs.
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are placed in-line about 2.5 metres (8 ft) from the corner post. A horizontal
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the plains were extensively settled, consolidating America's dominance over them.
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1180:, by making the refugees stay for controlled durations in barbed wire camps (see
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Barbed wire for agricultural fencing is typically available in two varieties:
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1833:"The Raging Controversy at the Border Began with This Incident 100 Years Ago"
93:. It is simple to construct and quick to erect, even by an unskilled person.
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Blood sweat and gas: Print media and the 1968 Democratic National Convention
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animals with slow movements that will back off at the first notion of pain (
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Stainless steel wire. It is available with SAE 304, 316 and other materials.
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736:) is used whenever the barbed wire span exceeds 60 metres (200 ft).
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Barbed wire fences remain the standard fencing technology for enclosing
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2169:"Norge selger klør, tunger, tarmer, mager, skinn og bein for millioner"
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1245:
1739:"1873: Joseph Glidden applies for a patent on his barbed wire design"
1161:, which enabled construction of wire obstacles to be done at night in
848:
548:
Barbed wire emerged as a major source of conflict with the so-called "
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1847:"29 photos that show the US-Mexico border's evolution over 100 years"
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Aluminum-coated wire is occasionally used, and yields a longer life.
570:
123:
4496:
2023:"1945 Human Bridge to Cross Barbed Wire Original News Service Photo"
677:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2340:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2143:"Bruk av piggtrĂĄd i gjerder for ĂĄ regulere dyrs ferdsel er forbudt"
1062:, barbed wire was used to enclose the concentration camps, such as
585:
Examples of barbed wire used in the late 1800s in Arizona Territory
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elastic limits. It also supports longer spans, but because of its
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27:
Type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points
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1926:"Journalism, Behind Barbed Wire | Library of Congress Blog"
1226:
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75:
67:
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1222:
1116:, and other high-security installations construct fences with
1024:, migratory work camps in the United States used barbed wire.
739:
When the barbed wire span exceeds 200 m (650 ft), a
718:
642:
137:
2091:"Human rights group uncovers evidence of torture in Zimbabwe"
762:
There are several ways to anchor the wire to a corner post:
781:
Barbed wire for agriculture use is typically double-strand
1346:"The American Experience Technology Timeline: 1752 - 1990"
2199:
The Perfect Fence: Untangling the Meanings of Barbed Wire
1682:"Greggory E. Davies, William Edenborn of Winn Parish, La"
1710:
about his uncle's accomplishments regarding barbed wire.
1382:. Ohio Historical Society. July 31, 2006. Archived from
1252:
matches, often as a covering for another type of weapon—
1073:, barbed wire was attached to the fronts of police and
666:
165:
2367:, Volume 13, October 1939, accessed September 20, 2006
2388:
Barbed wire changes life on the American Great Plains
1217:
Injuries caused by barbed wire are typically seen in
970:
In 1899 barbed wire was also extensively used in the
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2604:
2492:– tensioner for fence with palings (pickets) (1871)
2444:– "rotary spools with projecting spurs" (June 1867)
2208:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1576:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1538:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1507:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1481:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1451:
History of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley
1424:. New Jersey: John Wiley & Songs, Inc. p.
1587:
1585:
1244:Barbed wire has been reported as a tool for human
592:demonstrated barbed wire for Washburn and Moen in
2563:– barb installable on existing fence wire, (1876)
1333:first patent in the United States for barbed wire
82:, it is a major feature of the fortifications in
74:, and it is also used as a security measure atop
2346:Wire Fence and the Dіffеrent Styles They Come In
998:in 1916, as shown by the Allied breakthrough at
424:'s Improvement to barbed wire (24 November 1874)
30:"Barb wire" redirects here. For other uses, see
2838:
1723:Anderson, Terry Lee & Leal, Donald (2001).
205:steel wire, which is also known as Galfan wire.
3400:
3346:
3164:
3010:
2038:"Barbed wire fencing as a hazard for wildlife"
1421:Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries
956:A wiring party deploying entanglements during
4512:
4055:
3785:
3614:
3590:
3207:
3198:
3155:
2879:
2675:
2666:
2582:
2145:. Mattilsynet. April 22, 2014. Archived from
473:fencing and the ranchers who were losing the
8:
4174:
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4146:
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2933:
2816:
2793:
2508:– "strips provided with metal points" (1873)
2361:Barbed Wire Fencing - Its Rise and Influence
2234:McCallum, Henry D. & Frances T. (1965).
1248:. It is also frequently used as a weapon in
2825:
2807:
2753:
2739:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
1718:
1716:
751:strands spaced equally and off the ground.
119:was made practical on a much larger scale.
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2589:
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2567:
1579:(London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2002), p. 23.
1541:. London: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 28.
1484:. London: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 16.
2316:"History of the invention of barbed wire"
2114:
1510:(London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2002), p.19.
693:Learn how and when to remove this message
1764:
1752:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1561:
1530:
1528:
1154:were introduced midway through the war.
1050:Infirmaries in extermination camps like
1002:through German lines on August 8, 1918.
874:various ranching communities of coastal
264:
2240:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
2201:(Texas A&M University Press, 2017).
2101:(7333). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd: 317.
1324:
1058:During the United States' World War II
51:Roll of modern agricultural barbed wire
2490:Improvement in Constructing Wire fence
2197:Bennett, Lyn Ellen, and Scott Abbott.
2089:Ferriman, Annabel (February 9, 2002).
1811:. Vol. 2. ANC-Clio. p. 107.
1182:Controlling Soviet–Afghan war refugees
6098:Bibliography of the American frontier
2460:– "sharpened spur wheels" (July 1867)
2401:The Wildlife Friendly Fencing project
1912:
1778:"Honoring the Wire That Won the West"
1356:from the original on February 7, 2009
1352:. Public Broadcasting Systems. 2000.
1107:is a curved variation of barbed wire.
771:they tend to slip when under tension.
7:
6154:Cuisine of the Western United States
2531:– Joseph Glidden, DeKalb, Illinois,
2248:Barbed wire. An ecology of modernity
1963:from the original on March 23, 2020.
1959:(MA thesis). University of Montana.
1877:
1865:
1519:
401:1873 meeting and initial development
3981:Weapons Storage and Security System
2351:Development and Rise of Barbed Wire
2048:: 210–217 – via ResearchGate.
1203:has a barbed wire in their symbol.
428:The "Big Four" in barbed wire were
100:, who is regarded as the inventor.
5890:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
1138:in which small arms, particularly
1027:In the 1930s and 1940s Europe the
622:This led to disputes known as the
25:
6138:Timeline of the American Old West
2543:– Jacob Haish, DeKalb, Illinois,
2298:Website of the Devils Rope Museum
7146:
7145:
4480:
4479:
2371:Glidden's patent for barbed wire
2267:Barbed Wire: A Political History
1727:. 0-312-23503-8. pp. 30–31.
1593:"A Brief History of Barbed Wire"
1060:Internment of Japanese Americans
860:One style of gate is called the
647:
436:, Charles Francis Washburn, and
389:settlement occurring. After the
142:
5794:First transcontinental railroad
2561:Improvement in Wire-fence Barbs
2545:Improvement in Wire-fence Barbs
1406:patent for the modern invention
1250:hardcore professional wrestling
709:Barbed wire fence in line brace
2269:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2191:References and further reading
1805:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013).
1702:Glen Coleman, great-nephew of
577:In the Southwest United States
157:format but may read better as
1:
3876:British "hedgehog" road block
2311:The Kansas Barbed Wire Museum
2250:. Wesleyan University Press.
2237:The Wire that Fenced the West
1015:Japanese prisoner of war 1945
1013:Barbed wire and containment:
5969:Battle of the Little Bighorn
2521:Improvement in Barbed Fences
2036:van der Ree, Rodney (2016).
1953:Love, Sarah Switzer (2001).
1808:A Military History of Africa
1725:Free Market Environmentalism
927:or mild-steel wire and high-
831:During the First World War,
532:Rusted barbed wire in a roll
5994:First Battle of Adobe Walls
5938:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
5933:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
4286:Cities with defensive walls
3871:Defensive fighting position
3786:
3591:
3401:
3347:
3208:
3199:
3165:
3156:
3011:
2428:accessed September 21, 2006
2379:accessed September 21, 2006
2377:Antique Barbed Wire Society
2095:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
2064:wildlifefriendlyfencing.com
1975:"1968: Whole world watched"
1708:The Man Who Fenced the West
1669:The Business History Review
1656:The Business History Review
948:Warfare and law enforcement
673:the claims made and adding
536:One fan wrote the inventor
480:Demonstrations by Gates in
464:Promotion and consolidation
78:surrounding property. As a
7213:
5749:Great Western Cattle Trail
2533:Improvement in Wire-fences
2506:Improvement in Wire-fences
2393:The History of Barbed Wire
2303:February 22, 2011, at the
2211:. London: Reaktion Books.
32:Barb wire (disambiguation)
29:
7141:
6278:
5837:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
5659:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
5381:Frederick Russell Burnham
4534:
4470:
3916:Hardened aircraft shelter
3891:Entry control point (ECP)
1418:Carlisle, Rodney (2004).
1304:Kansas Barbed Wire Museum
1046:Auschwitz fence in Poland
522:stockgrowers associations
513:fence which has caught a
43:Close-up of a barbed wire
5178:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
4413:Continuity of government
2107:10.1136/bmj.324.7333.317
1684:. files.usgwarchives.net
852:Wire or "Hampshire" gate
5979:Battle of Washita River
5964:Battle of Glorieta Pass
5842:Lost Ship of the Desert
5784:Southern Emigrant Trail
5744:Great Platte River Road
5411:George Armstrong Custer
5203:William "Bill" Tilghman
4716:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
4235:Motte-and-bailey castle
3941:Missile launch facility
3936:Main line of resistance
2631:
2502:DeKalb County, Illinois
2486:Seneca County, New York
2476:– "thorny fence" (1868)
2373:accessed March 29, 2006
2357:accessed March 29, 2006
2265:Razac, Olivier (2003).
1350:The American Experience
1172:, the accommodation of
1096:with barbed wire on top
732:brace posts (forming a
166:converting this section
6189:Rocky Mountain oysters
4311:Military installations
4175:
4156:
4147:
4138:
4056:
3727:
3702:
3678:
3668:Scarp and Counterscarp
3639:
3630:
3615:
3582:
3568:
3539:
3510:
3501:
3477:
3438:
3243:
3224:
3142:
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3038:
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2826:
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2794:
2754:
2740:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2622:
2355:University of Virginia
1266:Rolls-Royce Motor Cars
1108:
1097:
1047:
1017:
960:
900:
853:
710:
586:
533:
517:
425:
413:
52:
44:
6024:Wounded Knee Massacre
5974:Battle of San Jacinto
5943:Variety Hall shootout
5918:Battle of Coffeyville
5900:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
5880:Black Hills Gold Rush
5557:Thomas William Sweeny
5421:Samuel P. Heintzelman
5198:John Horton Slaughter
5092:Richens Lacey Wootton
4626:Five Civilized Tribes
4080:Floating water castle
3811:Admiralty scaffolding
3104:Fortified buildings (
2474:Improvement in Fences
2458:Improvement in Fences
2246:Netz, Reviel (2004).
2131:on February 12, 2008.
1609:, Devil's Rope Museum
1449:Winchell, Lilbourne.
1201:Amnesty International
1103:
1092:
1045:
1012:
955:
898:
851:
803:-coated (galvanized)
708:
631:dated the end of the
584:
531:
508:
419:
408:
50:
42:
7172:Engineering barrages
7079:Washington Territory
6819:New Mexico Territory
6184:Pacific Northwestern
6103:Cowboys and cowgirls
5885:California Gold Rush
5862:Seven Cities of Gold
5847:Montezuma's treasure
5654:One-room schoolhouse
5502:George E. Goodfellow
5396:Texas Jack Omohundro
5239:"Curly Bill" Brocius
5037:Liver-Eating Johnson
5012:Tomás VĂ©lez CachupĂn
4566:Assiniboine (Nakota)
4423:Subterranean warfare
3376:Viking ring fortress
2383:Barbed Wire in Texas
2365:Agricultural History
2205:Krell, Alan (2002).
2070:on December 29, 2016
2042:Victorian Naturalist
1671:, 52, 4, 1978, p. 5.
1658:, 52, 4, 1978, p. 2.
1535:Krell, Alan (2002).
1478:Krell, Alan (2002).
1380:Ohio History Central
1284:Barbed Wire Act 1893
1152:"wire-cutting" fuzes
1146:bombardments on the
1031:used barbed wire in
741:braced line assembly
501:In the American West
7192:Area denial weapons
7177:American inventions
6067:Pleasant Valley War
6009:Sand Creek massacre
5959:Battle of the Alamo
5832:Long Tom's treasure
5527:Octaviano Larrazolo
5441:Ranald S. Mackenzie
5391:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
5102:"Old Bill" Williams
5052:William John Murphy
4240:Quadrangular castle
3976:Weapon storage area
3332:Quadrangular castle
2552:U.S. patent 185,346
2540:U.S. patent 167,240
2528:U.S. patent 157,124
2513:U.S. patent 147,756
2497:U.S. patent 138,763
2484:– Joshua Rappleye,
2481:U.S. patent 116,755
2418:on December 7, 2008
2175:. December 21, 2015
1880:, pp. 124–127.
1786:. September 2, 2000
1767:, pp. 165–166.
1085:Safety and injuries
976:concentration camps
617:United States Steel
468:In the late 1870s,
420:Patent drawing for
130:livestock in 1872.
6892:Oklahoma Territory
6077:Sutton–Taylor feud
6057:Lincoln County War
6052:Johnson County War
5952:Military conflicts
5895:Klondike Gold Rush
5696:Westward expansion
5517:Zephaniah Kingsley
5291:John Wesley Hardin
5188:George Scarborough
5168:"Wild Bill" Hickok
5057:John Wesley Powell
3971:Underground hangar
3756:Fire control tower
3553:Gunpowder magazine
2981:Butter-churn tower
2465:U.S. patent 74,379
2449:U.S. patent 67,117
2433:U.S. patent 66,182
2363:also at UVA, from
1983:. August 24, 2008.
1386:on October 3, 2007
1109:
1098:
1071:1968 Chicago riots
1048:
1037:extermination camp
1033:concentration camp
1018:
965:Russo-Japanese War
961:
901:
899:Modern barbed wire
876:Central California
871:Stockgrower's Lash
854:
711:
658:possibly contains
598:San Antonio, Texas
587:
573:were unnecessary.
562:Fence Cutting Wars
534:
518:
426:
414:
391:American Civil War
168:, if appropriate.
53:
45:
7159:
7158:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7112:Wyoming Territory
6680:Montana Territory
6516:Florida Territory
6329:Arizona Territory
6216:Western lifestyle
6047:Earp-Clanton feud
5989:ChimayĂł Rebellion
5923:Battle of Lincoln
5729:Butterfield Trail
5679:Vigilante justice
5570:
5569:
5497:John Joel Glanton
5482:Jonathan R. Davis
5477:William H. Boring
5082:Trinidad Swilling
4671:Lenape (Delaware)
4596:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
4528:American frontier
4494:
4493:
4418:Military urbanism
4352:Fortified gateway
4225:Concentric castle
3989:
3988:
3906:Fire support base
3746:Coastal artillery
3621:(Spanish America)
3215:
3057:Concentric castle
2557:Creston, Illinois
2516:– Isaac Ellwood,
2468:– Michael Kelly,
2276:978-1-56584-812-2
2257:978-0-8195-6719-2
1783:Los Angeles Times
1621:, pp. 29–32.
1435:978-0-471-24410-3
1376:"Lucien B. Smith"
1279:Bangalore torpedo
1170:Soviet–Afghan War
931:. Both types are
910:steel fence posts
729:compression brace
703:
702:
695:
660:original research
422:Joseph F. Glidden
372:
371:
187:
186:
102:Joseph F. Glidden
16:(Redirected from
7204:
7149:
7148:
6960:Oregon Territory
6897:Indian Territory
6463:Dakota Territory
6287:
6280:
6179:New Mexico chile
6062:Mason County War
6019:Texas Revolution
5984:Bear Flag Revolt
5734:California Trail
5644:Manifest destiny
5576:Frontier culture
5472:John Jacob Astor
5446:Charley Reynolds
5346:Younger Brothers
5326:Joaquin Murrieta
5213:Harry C. Wheeler
5208:James Timberlake
5097:Henry Wickenburg
5042:Meriwether Lewis
4961:Touch the Clouds
4823:Native Americans
4819:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4498:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4367:National redoubt
4296:Fortified estate
4220:Circular rampart
4180:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4061:
3821:Anti-tank trench
3816:Air raid shelter
3791:
3751:Disappearing gun
3732:
3707:
3683:
3644:
3635:
3620:
3596:
3587:
3573:
3544:
3515:
3506:
3482:
3443:
3428:
3406:
3386:Bailey (or ward)
3352:
3257:Motte-and-bailey
3248:
3229:
3213:
3205:
3204:
3170:
3161:
3147:
3096:
3087:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
2962:
2948:
2939:
2885:
2842:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2799:
2759:
2745:
2685:Circular rampart
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:DeKalb, Illinois
2515:
2499:
2483:
2467:
2452:– William Hunt,
2451:
2436:– Lucien Smith,
2435:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:. Archived from
2412:"Patent history"
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:on July 21, 2010
2318:. Archived from
2307:in McLean, Texas
2280:
2261:
2241:
2230:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2149:on June 29, 2017
2139:
2133:
2132:
2127:. Archived from
2118:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1852:Business Insider
1843:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1704:William Edenborn
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:on July 21, 2010
1595:. Archived from
1589:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1294:Isaac L. Ellwood
1129:chain link fence
1094:Chain link fence
1079:Richard J. Daley
1022:Great Depression
794:
793:
789:
786:
698:
691:
687:
684:
678:
675:inline citations
651:
650:
643:
613:US Supreme Court
590:John Warne Gates
470:John Warne Gates
438:Isaac L. Ellwood
411:DeKalb, Illinois
361:
360:
356:
353:
326:
325:
321:
318:
291:
290:
286:
283:
265:
261:Nominal diameter
216:Strand structure
182:
179:
173:
164:You can help by
146:
145:
138:
117:animal husbandry
106:DeKalb, Illinois
58:, also known as
21:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7129:
7106:
7073:
7055:
7007:
6954:
6894:
6886:
6813:
6785:
6732:
6674:
6642:
6599:
6581:
6564:Idaho Territory
6558:
6510:
6457:
6424:
6376:
6323:
6274:
6169:Native American
6142:
6093:Arizona Rangers
6081:
6036:
6028:
5947:
5928:Frisco shootout
5904:
5866:
5812:Dead man's hand
5798:
5711:
5705:
5701:Wild West shows
5609:Cattle rustling
5566:
5552:Sedona Schnebly
5537:Sylvester Mowry
5460:
5451:Philip Sheridan
5401:James C. Cooney
5373:
5367:
5259:Dalton Brothers
5217:
5128:Charlie Bassett
5111:
5032:John C. Frémont
4986:
4980:
4946:Snapping Turtle
4810:
4761:Southern Paiute
4726:Pend d'Oreilles
4711:Northern Paiute
4537:
4530:
4525:
4495:
4490:
4474:
4466:
4396:
4320:
4264:
4198:
4133:Imperial castle
4106:Coercion castle
4101:Coastal defence
4084:
4046:Promontory fort
4016:Hillside castle
3985:
3901:Fallout shelter
3866:Concertina wire
3846:Border security
3799:
3710:
3419:
3052:Coercion castle
3040:Cheval de frise
3022:Chemin de ronde
2870:Albarrana tower
2851:
2796:Schwedenschanze
2773:Promontory fort
2600:
2595:
2555:– John Nelson,
2550:
2538:
2526:
2511:
2495:
2479:
2463:
2454:Scott, New York
2447:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2305:Wayback Machine
2294:
2289:
2277:
2264:
2258:
2245:
2233:
2219:
2204:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1980:Chicago Tribune
1973:
1972:
1968:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1741:History Channel
1736:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1289:Concertina wire
1275:
1178:Rahimuddin Khan
1174:Afghan refugees
1087:
950:
893:
888:
846:
791:
787:
784:
782:
699:
688:
682:
679:
664:
652:
648:
641:
579:
503:
466:
403:
382:
377:
358:
354:
351:
349:
323:
319:
316:
314:
288:
284:
281:
279:
263:
183:
177:
174:
163:
147:
143:
136:
62:, is a type of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7210:
7208:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7164:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7069:Salt Lake City
7065:
7063:
7061:Utah Territory
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7017:
7015:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6823:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6539:Prospect Bluff
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6284:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6201:Gothic Western
6198:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5779:Santa Fe Trail
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5739:Chisholm Trail
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5684:Western saloon
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5584:American bison
5580:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5542:Emperor Norton
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5512:Andrew Jackson
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5072:Jedediah Smith
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4816:
4815:Notable people
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4806:Yuma (Quechan)
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4766:Tohono OĘĽodham
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4543:Native Nations
4539:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4450:Trench warfare
4447:
4445:Tunnel warfare
4442:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:Fortifications
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4111:Counter-castle
4108:
4103:
4098:
4096:Border barrier
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:Lowland castle
4028:
4023:
4021:Hilltop castle
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3896:Electric fence
3893:
3888:
3886:Dragon's teeth
3883:
3881:Czech hedgehog
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3795:Wire obstacles
3792:
3783:
3781:Polygonal fort
3778:
3773:
3771:Martello tower
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Border outpost
3733:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3610:Polygonal fort
3607:
3602:
3597:
3588:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3221:
3216:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3148:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3117:
3102:
3100:Flanking tower
3097:
3088:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Counter-castle
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2954:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2857:Post-classical
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:Vitrified fort
2844:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2800:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2746:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Defensive wall
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:Fortifications
2596:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2509:
2500:– Henry Rose,
2493:
2477:
2461:
2445:
2429:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2332:
2308:
2293:
2292:External links
2290:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2262:
2256:
2243:
2242:, LoC:65-11234
2231:
2218:978-1861891440
2217:
2202:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2160:
2134:
2081:
2051:
2028:
2014:
2000:
1986:
1966:
1945:
1931:
1928:. May 5, 2017.
1917:
1905:
1891:
1882:
1870:
1868:, p. 108.
1858:
1838:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1769:
1757:
1755:, p. 131.
1745:
1730:
1712:
1695:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1581:
1566:
1554:
1547:
1524:
1512:
1497:
1490:
1470:
1456:
1453:. p. 107.
1441:
1434:
1410:
1397:
1367:
1337:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1086:
1083:
1075:National Guard
949:
946:
912:, and/or with
892:
889:
887:
884:
862:Hampshire gate
845:
842:
838:wiring parties
779:
778:
775:
772:
768:
701:
700:
655:
653:
646:
640:
637:
628:enclosure laws
594:Military Plaza
578:
575:
546:
545:
538:Joseph Glidden
502:
499:
465:
462:
430:Joseph Glidden
402:
399:
381:
378:
376:
373:
370:
369:
366:
363:
346:
345:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
328:
311:
310:
307:
304:
300:
299:
296:
293:
276:
275:
272:
269:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
232:
231:Barb structure
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
217:
213:
212:
209:
206:
199:
194:
193:
191:
185:
184:
150:
148:
141:
135:
132:
84:trench warfare
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7209:
7198:
7197:Steel objects
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7152:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7109:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7092:Port Townsend
7090:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6920:Oklahoma City
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Virginia City
6802:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6761:Nebraska City
6759:
6757:
6756:Fort Robinson
6754:
6752:
6751:Fort Atkinson
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6728:Virginia City
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6595:Fort Dearborn
6593:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6544:St. Augustine
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6501:Standing Rock
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6420:San Francisco
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6337:Canyon Diablo
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6269:
6268:Snap fastener
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6242:
6241:Texas country
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6221:Western music
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6211:Western genre
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Seminole Wars
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5724:Bozeman Trail
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:Train robbery
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5604:Cowboy poetry
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:George Flavel
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:Calamity Jane
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5316:Frank McLaury
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Billy Clanton
5247:
5245:
5244:Butch Cassidy
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Billy the Kid
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:Bat Masterson
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Henry Garfias
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5107:Brigham Young
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:Ora Rush Weed
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:Jack Swilling
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Davy Crockett
5020:
5018:
5017:William Clark
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4951:Standing Bear
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Quanah Parker
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:Urban warfare
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:Civil defense
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Bastion forts
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4260:Z-plan castle
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:L-plan castle
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Bridge castle
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Refuge castle
4182:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Military base
4163:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Hunting lodge
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Moated castle
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Island castle
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:By topography
3992:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Submarine pen
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Hesco bastion
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Blast shelter
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Place-of-arms
3603:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3238:Machicolation
3236:
3234:
3233:L-plan castle
3231:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Bridge castle
2964:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2929:Bent entrance
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Battery tower
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Advanced work
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2789:Refuge castle
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:New York City
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2422:September 21,
2417:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:Krell, Alan:
2333:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1915:, p. 89.
1914:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1818:9780313395703
1814:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:McCallum 1965
1761:
1758:
1754:
1753:McCallum 1965
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1645:, p. 87.
1644:
1643:McCallum 1965
1639:
1636:
1633:, p. 41.
1632:
1631:McCallum 1965
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:McCallum 1965
1615:
1612:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1564:, p. 27.
1563:
1562:McCallum 1965
1558:
1555:
1550:
1548:9781861891440
1544:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:, p. 10.
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1491:9781861891440
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1465:"Galfan wire"
1460:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1314:Wire obstacle
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:border regime
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1163:No Man's Land
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:Western Front
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
987:
985:
984:border patrol
979:
977:
973:
968:
966:
959:
954:
947:
945:
941:
939:
934:
930:
926:
921:
917:
915:
911:
906:
897:
890:
885:
883:
879:
877:
872:
866:
863:
858:
850:
843:
841:
839:
834:
833:screw pickets
829:
827:
823:
819:
813:
809:
806:
802:
798:
776:
773:
769:
765:
764:
763:
760:
757:
752:
749:
745:
742:
737:
735:
730:
726:
722:
720:
716:
707:
697:
694:
686:
683:December 2019
676:
672:
668:
662:
661:
656:This section
654:
645:
644:
638:
636:
634:
629:
625:
620:
619:Corporation.
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
583:
576:
574:
572:
566:
563:
559:
553:
551:
543:
542:
541:
539:
530:
526:
523:
516:
512:
507:
500:
498:
494:
490:
489:Corporation.
488:
483:
478:
476:
471:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
418:
412:
407:
400:
398:
394:
392:
386:
379:
374:
368:1.47 mm
367:
364:
348:
347:
344:2.03 mm
343:
340:
337:
336:
333:2.11 mm
332:
329:
313:
312:
309:2.34 mm
308:
305:
302:
301:
298:2.51 mm
297:
294:
278:
277:
273:
270:
267:
266:
260:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
229:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
188:
181:
178:December 2019
172:is available.
171:
167:
161:
160:
156:
151:This section
149:
140:
139:
133:
131:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:wire obstacle
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7125:Fort Laramie
7120:Fort Bridger
6905:Broken Arrow
6656:Independence
6253:Cowboy boots
6248:Western wear
6128:Mountain men
5789:Tanner Trail
5774:Pony Express
5769:Oregon Trail
5764:Mormon Trail
5634:Homesteading
5599:Cattle drive
5588:
5562:Peter Lebeck
5547:Annie Oakley
5507:Doc Holliday
5436:Luther Kelly
5416:Alexis Godey
5406:George Crook
5341:Sundance Kid
5296:Johnny Ringo
5286:Bill Downing
5067:Levi Ruggles
5027:Donner Party
5002:John Bozeman
4997:Daniel Boone
4936:Sitting Bull
4911:Plenty Coups
4846:Chief Joseph
4841:Bloody Knife
4836:Black Kettle
4536:1776 to 1912
4478:
4433:Siege engine
4401:Other topics
4325:Related word
4291:Defense line
4255:Tower castle
4210:Bastion fort
4194:Urban castle
4122:Ganerbenburg
4120:
4075:Water castle
4051:Ridge castle
4036:Marsh castle
3851:Bomb shelter
3831:Belgian gate
3804:20th century
3721:
3715:19th century
3653:Retrenchment
3625:Punji sticks
3534:Entrenchment
3529:Device Forts
3496:Counterguard
3431:Early modern
3361:Tower castle
3297:Powder tower
3272:Outer bailey
3184:Inner bailey
3158:Gulyay-gorod
3126:Ganerbenburg
3124:
3120:Fujian tulou
3062:Corner tower
3001:Chamber gate
2971:Bridge tower
2819:Trou de loup
2560:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2505:
2489:
2473:
2457:
2441:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:the original
2364:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:the original
2266:
2247:
2236:
2207:
2198:
2177:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2147:the original
2137:
2129:the original
2098:
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2063:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1978:
1969:
1955:
1948:
1934:
1920:
1908:
1894:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1827:
1807:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1781:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1707:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1574:
1573:Alan Krell,
1569:
1557:
1537:
1515:
1505:
1504:Alan Krell,
1500:
1480:
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1459:
1450:
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1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1379:
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1358:. Retrieved
1349:
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1209:
1205:
1193:East Germany
1186:
1167:
1159:screw picket
1156:
1140:machine guns
1133:
1126:
1122:wire cutters
1110:
1068:
1057:
1049:
1026:
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916:in between.
902:
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818:black locust
814:
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756:timber hitch
753:
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734:double brace
733:
728:
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689:
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639:Installation
621:
610:
602:Menger Hotel
588:
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175:
170:Editing help
152:
128:free-ranging
121:
113:Osage orange
110:
95:
88:
59:
55:
54:
36:
7051:San Antonio
6988:Oregon City
6983:McMinnville
6910:Fort Gibson
6842:Fort Sumner
6832:Albuquerque
6799:Carson City
6703:Fort Benton
6661:Kansas City
6633:Leavenworth
6554:Tallahassee
6405:Los Angeles
6390:Bakersfield
6367:Window Rock
6174:New Mexican
6164:Californian
6113:Ghost towns
6004:Mexican War
5999:Indian Wars
5872:Gold rushes
5852:Paul Bunyan
5759:Meek Cutoff
5719:Barlow Road
5589:Barbed wire
5522:Seth Kinman
5336:Soapy Smith
5331:Belle Starr
5321:Tom McLaury
5311:Tom Ketchum
5306:Frank James
5301:Jesse James
5281:Bill Doolin
5254:Ike Clanton
5193:John Selman
5183:Bass Reeves
5158:Pat Garrett
5143:Virgil Earp
5138:Morgan Earp
5123:Elfego Baca
5062:Juan Rivera
5007:Jim Bridger
4886:Ganundalegi
4871:Crazy Snake
4866:Crazy Horse
4332:Castle town
4189:Toll castle
4158:Lustschloss
4140:Kaiserpfalz
4070:Spur castle
4065:Rock castle
4006:Hill castle
4001:Cave castle
3961:Spider hole
3861:Bremer wall
3826:Barbed tape
3722:Barbed wire
3396:Witch tower
3366:Tower house
3356:Toll castle
3342:Shield wall
3262:Murder hole
3151:Guard tower
2768:Pincer gate
2715:Faussebraye
2336:Barbed Wire
2173:Aftenposten
2074:February 1,
1878:Netz (2004)
1866:Netz (2004)
1790:October 26,
1390:January 28,
1360:January 28,
1299:Jacob Haish
1211:Infantrymen
1168:During the
1069:During the
1020:During the
991:World War I
958:World War I
891:Agriculture
725:Brace posts
715:corner post
482:San Antonio
434:Jacob Haish
380:Before 1865
56:Barbed wire
7166:Categories
7036:Fort Worth
6973:The Dalles
6940:Tishomingo
6827:Alamogordo
6718:Livingston
6698:Deer Lodge
6618:Dodge City
6572:Fort Boise
6529:Negro Fort
6496:Rapid City
6491:Pine Ridge
6486:Fort Yates
6410:Sacramento
6382:California
6342:Fort Grant
6258:Cowboy hat
6226:New Mexico
6206:Weird West
6159:Chuckwagon
6072:Sheep Wars
6034:Range wars
5857:Pecos Bill
5827:Johnny Kaw
5822:John Henry
5817:Dime novel
5712:and trails
5689:Tack piano
5669:Stagecoach
5624:Ghost town
5386:Kit Carson
5374:and scouts
5234:Black Bart
5148:Wyatt Earp
4876:Dasoda-hae
4861:Crazy Bear
4831:Black Hawk
4357:Gatekeeper
4177:Ordensburg
4149:Landesburg
3956:Sentry gun
3911:Flak tower
3841:Blast wall
3761:Gun turret
3658:Sally port
3563:Kotta mara
3503:Couvreface
3467:Breastwork
3462:Blockhouse
3440:Abwurfdach
3391:Watchtower
3381:Wall tower
3337:Shell keep
3287:Portcullis
3282:Peel tower
3267:Neck ditch
3226:Landesburg
3174:Half tower
3132:Gate tower
3077:Drawbridge
2919:Battlement
2835:Wagon fort
2678:Chengqiang
2442:Wire fence
2438:Kent, Ohio
2179:August 17,
2153:August 17,
1913:Razac 2003
1309:Razor wire
1254:Mick Foley
1118:razor wire
1105:Razor wire
933:galvanized
748:Line posts
667:improve it
624:range wars
550:Big Die Up
515:tumbleweed
487:U.S. Steel
475:open range
246:Twist type
203:mischmetal
98:Kent, Ohio
7102:Vancouver
6978:La Grande
6945:Tuskahoma
6935:Tahlequah
6915:Fort Sill
6882:Tucumcari
6852:Las Vegas
6781:Whiteclay
6776:Valentine
6708:Fort Peck
6666:St. Louis
6623:Ellsworth
6577:Fort Hall
6549:St. Marks
6534:Pensacola
6448:Telluride
6415:San Diego
6400:Jamestown
6357:Tombstone
6299:Anchorage
6147:Influence
6118:Gunfights
5910:Gunfights
5754:Lolo Pass
5710:Transport
5649:Moonshine
5639:Land rush
5629:Gunfights
5619:Fast draw
5594:Boot Hill
5492:C. S. Fly
5456:Al Sieber
5163:Jack Helm
5047:Joe Mayer
4985:Explorers
4956:Ten Bears
4941:Smallwood
4926:Sacagawea
4921:Red Cloud
4901:Manuelito
4896:Kiliahote
4746:Seminoles
4706:Nez Perce
4571:Blackfoot
4460:Guerrilla
4203:By design
3951:Revetment
3766:Land mine
3697:Star fort
3524:Crownwork
3519:Covertway
3452:Barricade
3093:Embrasure
3006:Chartaque
2936:Bergfried
2894:Arrowslit
2720:Gatehouse
2690:City gate
2651:Castellum
2617:Acropolis
2396:About.com
2284:Biography
1688:March 26,
1520:Netz 2004
1231:infection
1144:Artillery
1052:Auschwitz
824:, or red
822:red cedar
671:verifying
606:St. Louis
511:rangeland
365:0.058 in.
341:0.080 in.
330:0.083 in.
306:0.093 in.
295:0.099 in.
190:Materials
60:barb wire
7151:Category
7041:Gonzales
6993:Portland
6930:Pawhuska
6925:Okmulgee
6877:Santa Fe
6867:Mogollon
6837:Cimarron
6766:Ogallala
6738:Nebraska
6723:Missoula
6688:Billings
6648:Missouri
6587:Illinois
6476:Deadwood
6471:Bismarck
6453:Trinidad
6430:Colorado
6347:Prescott
6304:Iditarod
6231:Red Dirt
5804:Folklore
5614:Cow town
5532:Nat Love
5426:Tom Horn
5372:Soldiers
5133:Roy Bean
4989:pioneers
4976:Washakie
4971:Victorio
4881:Geronimo
4856:Degataga
4751:Shoshone
4696:Muscogee
4681:Maricopa
4656:Kumeyaay
4646:Kickapoo
4641:Hualapai
4611:Comanche
4586:Cheyenne
4576:Cahuilla
4485:Category
4475:See also
4362:Loophole
4250:Ringwork
4245:Ringfort
4170:Obstacle
4011:Hillfort
3931:Loophole
3729:Barbette
3704:Tenaille
3687:Sea fort
3617:Presidio
3577:Magazine
3558:Hornwork
3491:Cavalier
3486:Casemate
3479:Caponier
3322:Ringwork
3210:Detinets
3179:Hoarding
3084:Enceinte
2959:Bretèche
2904:Bartizan
2899:Barbican
2875:Alcazaba
2803:Stockade
2783:Ringfort
2763:Palisade
2735:Landwehr
2730:Hillfort
2326:July 21,
2301:Archived
2227:50494711
2125:11834551
1961:Archived
1706:, wrote
1603:July 21,
1354:Archived
1273:See also
1189:symbolic
1064:Manzanar
972:Boer War
826:mulberry
633:Old West
446:Illinois
338:14 gauge
303:13 gauge
271:Imperial
66:fencing
18:Barbwire
7097:Seattle
7087:Everett
7046:Lubbock
7031:El Paso
7026:Abilene
6968:Astoria
6872:Roswell
6862:Mesilla
6857:Lincoln
6746:Chadron
6693:Bozeman
6638:Wichita
6613:Abilene
6506:Yankton
6352:Phoenix
6319:Skagway
6194:Tex-Mex
6133:Outlaws
5222:Outlaws
4931:Seattle
4891:Irataba
4851:Cochise
4801:Yavapai
4771:Tonkawa
4731:Pequots
4661:Kutenai
4631:Hidatsa
4606:Cocopah
4591:Chinook
4561:Arikara
4556:Arapaho
4392:Vedette
4382:Schloss
4347:Festung
4342:Dungeon
4337:Château
4281:Castles
4089:By role
3946:Pillbox
3776:Outpost
3692:Station
3680:Schanze
3663:Sandbag
3648:Redoubt
3632:Ravelin
3600:Palanka
3584:Orillon
3570:Lunette
3512:Coupure
3457:Bastion
3447:Arsenal
3415:Zwinger
3327:Roundel
3317:Ricetto
3292:Postern
3277:Outwork
3201:Kremlin
3072:Curtain
3047:Citadel
3031:Chemise
2991:Caltrop
2909:Bastion
2882:Alcázar
2778:Rampart
2756:Oppidum
2749:Nuraghe
2695:Crannog
2669:Castros
2605:Ancient
2116:1122260
1262:Bentley
1246:torture
1136:defiles
1114:prisons
938:elastic
929:tensile
914:battens
790:⁄
665:Please
571:cowboys
375:History
357:⁄
322:⁄
287:⁄
274:Metric
91:staples
7182:Fences
7021:Austin
6950:Wewoka
6847:Gallup
6791:Nevada
6713:Helena
6605:Kansas
6524:Angola
6443:Denver
6438:Creede
6395:Fresno
6362:Tucson
6314:Seward
6291:Alaska
6283:Places
6236:Tejano
6123:Lawmen
5465:Others
5275:Emmett
5116:Lawmen
4906:Massai
4791:Yakama
4786:Washoe
4776:Umpqua
4741:Pueblo
4721:Pawnee
4701:Navajo
4691:Mohave
4676:Mandan
4666:Lakota
4621:Dakota
4581:Cayuse
4551:Apache
4387:Trench
4377:Picket
3788:Sangar
3741:Bunker
3673:Sconce
3593:Ostrog
3541:Flèche
3424:Modern
3403:Yagura
3371:Turret
3307:Reduit
3245:Merlon
3189:Kasbah
3167:Gusuku
3144:Glacis
3137:Gabion
3106:church
3013:Chashi
2996:Castle
2840:Laager
2828:Vallum
2785:(Rath)
2660:Castra
2642:Burgus
2612:Abatis
2338:, in:
2273:
2254:
2225:
2215:
2123:
2113:
2060:"Home"
1815:
1545:
1488:
1432:
1219:horses
1000:Amiens
905:cattle
442:DeKalb
153:is in
134:Design
124:Fresno
72:fences
7013:Texas
6998:Salem
6771:Omaha
6481:Fargo
6263:Jeans
6108:Gangs
6086:Lists
6039:feuds
5664:Rodeo
4796:Yaqui
4756:Sioux
4686:Modoc
4651:Kiowa
4601:Caddo
4428:Siege
4372:Palas
4316:Walls
4306:Forts
4269:Lists
4116:Fence
4058:Rocca
3926:Kabal
3641:Redan
3548:Gorge
3472:Canal
3349:Shiro
3312:Ribat
3302:Qalat
3114:Dzong
3110:house
2810:Sudis
2742:Limes
2700:Ditch
2633:Broch
2624:Agger
2472:(!),
1320:Notes
1227:birds
1225:, or
1029:Nazis
844:Gates
805:steel
797:gauge
767:rope.
558:Texas
362:gauge
327:gauge
292:gauge
268:Gauge
198:wire.
159:prose
76:walls
64:steel
7187:Wire
7003:Vale
6895:and
6809:Reno
6628:Hays
6372:Yuma
6309:Nome
6037:and
5362:John
5350:Cole
5267:Bill
5263:Grat
4987:and
4966:Tuvi
4736:Pima
4636:Hopi
4616:Crow
4438:list
3856:Buoy
3410:Yett
3252:Moat
3219:Ksar
3194:Keep
2986:Caer
2976:Burh
2952:Boom
2945:Berm
2924:Bawn
2889:Amba
2725:Gord
2424:2006
2328:2010
2271:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2223:OCLC
2213:ISBN
2181:2017
2155:2017
2121:PMID
2076:2017
1813:ISBN
1792:2015
1737:See
1690:2014
1605:2010
1543:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1392:2009
1362:2009
1264:and
1239:e.g.
1223:bats
1035:and
996:tank
925:soft
886:Uses
801:zinc
155:list
68:wire
5358:Jim
5354:Bob
5271:Bob
4781:Ute
2710:Dun
2353:at
2111:PMC
2103:doi
2099:324
2046:116
1426:241
1195:'s
1184:).
719:ton
669:by
104:of
7168::
5360:,
5356:,
5352:,
5273:,
5269:,
5265:,
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3112:,
3108:,
2559:,
2504:,
2488:,
2456:,
2440:,
2221:.
2171:.
2119:.
2109:.
2097:.
2093:.
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2040:.
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1849:.
1780:.
1715:^
1584:^
1527:^
1428:.
1378:.
1348:.
1221:,
1124:.
1081:.
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967:.
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