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and permitting personal possessions to be kept. One prisoner who'd been a star football player at Notre Dame had his class ring taken by a guard. It was later returned by a
Japanese officer who attended Notre Dame rival USC, had seen him play and had admired his athletic skills. This, however, was quickly followed by unrelenting brutality, theft, and even knocking men's teeth out for gold fillings, as the common Japanese soldier had also suffered in the battle for Bataan and had nothing but disgust and hatred for his "captives" (Japan did not recognize these people as POWs). The first atrocity—attributed to Colonel
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430:, including beatings and torture. On the march, the "sun treatment" was a common form of torture. Prisoners were forced to sit in sweltering direct sunlight without helmets or other head coverings. Anyone who asked for water was shot dead. Some men were told to strip naked or sit within sight of fresh, cool water. Trucks drove over some of those who fell or succumbed to fatigue, and "cleanup crews" killed those too weak to continue, though trucks picked up some of those too fatigued to go on. Prisoners were randomly stabbed with bayonets or beaten.
588:. He was charged with 43 separate counts, but the verdict did not distinguish among them, leaving some doubt over whether he was found guilty of them all. Homma was found guilty of permitting members of his command to commit "brutal atrocities and other high crimes". The general, who had been absorbed in his efforts to capture Corregidor after the fall of Bataan, claimed in his defense that he remained ignorant of the high death toll of the death march until two months after the event. Homma's verdict was predicated on the doctrine of
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remained in the hospital at Bataan. He makes a conservative estimate of the number killed in the final days of fighting and of the number who fled into the jungle rather than surrender to the
Japanese. On this basis he suggests 600 to 650 American deaths and 5,000 to 10,000 Filipino deaths. Other sources report death numbers ranging from 5,000 to 18,000 Filipino deaths and 500 to 650 American deaths during the march.
455:. Even after arriving at Camp O'Donnell, the survivors of the march continued to die at rates of up to several hundred per day, which amounted to a death toll of as many as 20,000 Americans and Filipinos. Most of the dead were buried in mass graves that the Japanese had dug behind the barbed wire surrounding the compound. Of the estimated 80,000 POWs at the march, only 54,000 made it to Camp O'Donnell.
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309:, surrendered to Colonel Mootoo Nakayama of the 14th Army. King went against his superior's orders and told his troops to lay down their arms, accepting personal responsibility for the surrender. He made the following statement: "You men remember this. You did not surrender … you had no alternative but to obey my order."
168:. The total distance marched from Mariveles to San Fernando and from the Capas Train Station to various camps was 65 miles (105 km). Sources also report widely differing prisoner of war casualties prior to reaching Camp O'Donnell: from 5,000 to 18,000 Filipino deaths and 500 to 650 American deaths during the march.
486:
In an attempt to calculate the number of deaths during the march on the basis of evidence, Stanley L. Falk takes the number of
American and Filipino troops known to have been present in Bataan at the start of April, subtracts the number known to have escaped to Corregidor and the number known to have
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and heading north to the San
Fernando railhead. The prisoners were put in groups of 100 men each, with four Japanese guards per group. At the beginning, there were rare instances of kindness by Japanese officers and those Japanese soldiers who spoke English, such as the sharing of food and cigarettes
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They pulled us off into a rice paddy and began shaking us down. There about a hundred of us so it took time to get to all of us. Everyone had pulled their pockets wrong side out and laid all their things out in front. They were taking jewelry and doing a lot of slapping. I laid out my New
Testament.
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and other diseases to spread rapidly. The
Japanese did not provide the prisoners with medical care, so U.S. medical personnel tended to the sick and wounded with few or no supplies. Upon arrival at the San Fernando railhead, prisoners were stuffed into sweltering, brutally hot metal box cars for the
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after they had surrendered. Tsuji—acting against
General Homma's wishes that the prisoners be transferred peacefully—had issued clandestine orders to Japanese officers to summarily execute all American "captives". Although some Japanese officers ignored the orders, others were receptive to the idea
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Dozens of memorials (including monuments, plaques, and schools) dedicated to the prisoners who died during the Bataan Death March exist across the United States and in the
Philippines. A wide variety of commemorative events are held to honor the victims, including holidays, athletic events such as
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One of the POWs had a ring on and the
Japanese guard attempted to get the ring off. He couldn't get it off and he took a machete and cut the man's wrist off and when he did that, of course the man was bleeding profusely. but when I looked back I saw a Japanese guard sticking a bayonet through his
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On April 11th, once the surrender of the I Corps was completed, the
Filipino and American troops in western Bataan began their slow assembly. From the front lines south of the Pilar-Bagac road and from the jungle slopes of the Mariveles Mountains, they straggled in disorganized groups to the West
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apologized to a group of six former American soldiers who had been held as prisoners of war by the Japanese, including 90-year-old Lester Tenney and Robert Rosendahl, both survivors of the Bataan Death March. The six, their families, and the families of two deceased soldiers were invited to visit
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challenge: the transport and movement of over 60,000 starved, sick, and debilitated prisoners and over 38,000 equally weakened civilian noncombatants who had been caught up in the battle. He wanted to move prisoners and refugees to the north to get them out of the way of Homma's final assault on
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The train consisted of six or seven World War I-era boxcars. ... They packed us in the cars like sardines, so tight you couldn't sit down. Then they shut the door. If you passed out, you couldn't fall down. If someone had to go to the toilet, you went right there where you were. It was close to
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These brutal reprisals upon helpless victims evidence the shallow advance from savagery which the Japanese people have made. ... We serve notice upon the Japanese military and political leaders as well as the Japanese people that the future of the Japanese race itself, depends entirely and
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army in July 1941 and rejected WPO-3 as defeatist, preferring a more aggressive course of action. He recommended—among other things—a coastal defense strategy that would include the entire archipelago. His recommendations were followed in the plan that was eventually approved.
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one-hour trip to Capas, in 43 °C (110 °F) heat. At least 100 prisoners were pushed into each of the unventilated boxcars. The trains had no sanitation facilities, and disease continued to take a heavy toll on the prisoners. According to Staff Sergeant Alf Larson:
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Prisoners photographed during the march. They have their hands tied behind their backs. They are (left to right): Pvt Samuel Stenzler (d. May 1942); Pvt Frank Spears (killed June 1945); Capt John McDonnell Gallagher who died shortly after this picture was taken 9 April
712:. On 19 March 2017, over 6,300 participants queued up at the starting line for the 28th annual event, breaking the previous record of attendance as well as the amount of non-perishable food collected for local food pantries and overall charitable goods donated.
732:, an annual memorial march is held. The date varies, but the marchers leave from the marina around 06:00 traveling by boat to Barton Point, where they proceed south to the plantation ruins. The memorial march is conducted by Filipino workers, British
258:
on the morning of 22 December 1941. The defenders failed to hold the beaches. By the end of the day, the Japanese had secured most of their objectives and were in position to emerge onto the central plain. Late in the afternoon of 23 December General
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Tsuji, who had directly ordered the killing of POWs, fled to China from Thailand when the war ended to escape the British authorities. Two of Homma's subordinates, Major General Yoshitaka Kawane and Colonel Kurataro Hirano, were prosecuted by an
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It was not until 27 January 1944 that the U.S. government informed the American public about the march, when it released sworn statements of military officers who had escaped. Shortly thereafter, the stories of these officers were featured in a
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The total distance of the march from Mariveles to San Fernando and from Capas to Camp O'Donnell is variously reported by differing sources as between 60 and 69.6 miles (96.6 and 112.0 km). The Death March was later judged by an
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McCoy, Melvin; Mellnik, S.M.; Kelley, Welbourn (February 7, 1944). "Prisoners of Japan: Ten Americans Who Escaped Recently from the Philippines Report on the Atrocities Committed by the Japanese in Their Prisoner-War-Camps".
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The 200th and 515th Coast Artillery units had 1,816 men total. 829 died in battle, while prisoners, or immediately after liberation. There were 987 survivors. As of March 2017, only four of these veterans remained alive.
508:
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Bataan Memorial Museum is located in the armory where the soldiers of the 200th and 515th were processed before their deployment to the Philippines in 1941. The old state capitol building of New Mexico was renamed the
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Word quickly spread among the prisoners to conceal or destroy any Japanese money or mementos, as their captors would assume it had been stolen from dead Japanese soldiers. American soldier Bert Bank recalls:
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report that the prisoners were treated humanely and their death rate had to be attributed to the intransigence of the American commanders who did not surrender until the men were on the verge of death.
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He had learned how 76,000 American and Filipino prisoners had been force-marched. The 18,000 prisoners who couldn't make the Bataan death march had been either shot or beaten to death along the way.
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article. The Bataan Death March and other Japanese actions were used to arouse fury in the United States. America would go on to avenge its defeat that occurred in the Philippines during the
53:
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but with an added liability standard, since the latter could not be rebutted. On 26 February 1946 he was sentenced to death by firing squad and was executed on 3 April outside Manila.
383:... After the shakedown, the Japs took an officer and two enlisted men behind a rice shack and shot them. The men who had been next to them said they had Japanese souvenirs and money.
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summer and the weather was hot and humid, hotter than Billy Blazes! We were on the train from early morning to late afternoon without getting out. People died in the railroad cars.
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Between 7,000 and 10,000 died or were killed during the "Bataan Death March" ... Somewhere between 6,000 to 18,000 POWs died or were murdered during the Death March
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3377:– A narrative recounting one soldier's journey through Bataan, the march, prison camp, Japan, and back home to the United States. Includes a map of the march.
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Road. Then they went either north or south, to Bagac or Mariveles, an uncoordinated mass of men and vehicles moving with little direction from the Japanese.
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Peninsula, which was recognized as the key to the control of Manila Bay. It was to be defended to the "last extremity". MacArthur assumed command of the
2005:
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The Battle of Bataan: A History of the 90 Day Siege and Eventual Surrender of 75,000 Filipino and United States Troops to the Japanese in World War
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and deny its use to Japanese naval forces. If the enemy prevailed, the Americans were to hold back the Japanese advance while withdrawing to the
287:, remained behind in Manila to close out the headquarters and to supervise the shipment of supplies and the evacuation of the remaining troops.
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3387:"Technical Sergeant Jim Brown U.S. Army Air Corps (ret) Bataan Death March Survivor Presentation to EAA Chapter 108 May 16, 2000"
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A biography of Russell A. Grokett's survival of the Bataan Death March, including three years as a Japanese Prisoner of War.
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220:(WPO-3)—was politically unrealistic, as it assumed a conflict only involving the United States and Japan, not the combined
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and wanton killings. POWs who fell or were caught on the ground were shot. After the war, the Japanese commander, General
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Following the surrender of Bataan on 9 April 1942 to the Imperial Japanese Army, prisoners were amassed in the towns of
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Stephens, Harold (October 16, 1994). "Memories of the War". Humboldt Co., CA.: "Times-Standard," Sect. Style/potpourri.
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1971:
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Sugamo Prison, Tokyo: an account of the trial and sentencing of Japanese war criminals in 1948, by a U.S. participant
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224:. However, the plan was tactically sound, and its provisions for defense were applicable under any local situation.
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414:—occurred when approximately 350 to 400 Filipino officers and non-commissioned officers under his supervision were
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648:. The film reproduced scenes of the camps and ships, showed drawings and writings of the prisoners, and featured
378:. They were ordered to turn over their possessions. American Lieutenant Kermit Lay recounted how this was done:
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Homma and his staff encountered almost twice as many captives as his reports had estimated, creating an enormous
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and two of his officers, Major General Yoshitaka Kawane and Colonel Kurataro Hirano, were tried by United States
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The enemy in our hands: America's treatment of enemy prisoners of war from the Revolution to the War on Terror
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in 1948, using evidence presented at the Homma trial. They were sentenced to death by hanging and executed at
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A burial detail of American and Filipino prisoners of war uses improvised litters to carry fallen comrades at
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Corregidor, but there was simply not enough mechanized transport for the wounded, sick, and weakened masses.
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990:
825:
537:
533:
3097:
Murphy, Kevin C. (2012). "'Raw Individualists': American Soldiers on the Bataan Death March Reconsidered".
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3394:– Comprehensive history of the Battle for Bataan, the Death March and the role of the 192nd Tank Battalion
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Horror trek; a true story of Bataan, the death march and three and one-half years in Japanese prison camps
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The Fighting Tigers: the untold stories behind the names on the Ouachita Baptist University WWII memorial
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During the march, prisoners received little food or water, and many died. They were subjected to severe
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3383:– Information, maps, and pictures on the march itself and in-depth information on Japanese POW camps.
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In 2012, film producer Jan Thompson created a film documentary about the Death March, POW camps, and
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Upon arrival at the Capas train station, they were forced to walk the final 9 miles (14 km) to
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275:. MacArthur decided to abandon his own plan for defense and revert to WPO-3, evacuating President
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680:, given that many of the American soldiers in Bataan were from that state, specifically from the
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returned to active duty, the latest revision of plans for the defense of the Philippine Islands—
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294:, and MacArthur's proclamation was published in the newspapers and broadcast over the radio.
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I Am Alive!: A United States Marine's Story of Survival in a World War II Japanese POW Camp
2726:
Schurtz, Christopher (March 22, 2010). "Record Number Gather To Honor Bataan Death March".
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Prisoners started out from Mariveles on 10 April and from Bagac on 11 April, converging in
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beaches was "impracticable". He requested and was given permission to withdraw behind the
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irrevocably upon their capacity to progress beyond their aboriginal barbaric instincts.
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on 24 December. A rear echelon, headed by the deputy chief of staff, Brigadier General
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In an attempt to counter the American propaganda value of the march, the Japanese had
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News of the Bataan Death March sparked outrage in the US, as reflected in this poster.
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279:, High Commissioner Francis B. Sayre, their families, and his own headquarters to
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MacArthur in Asia: The General and His Staff in the Philippines, Japan, and Korea
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Justice in Asia and the Pacific region, 1945-1952: Allied war crimes prosecutions
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2006:"American walks Bataan Death March to raise awareness of Philippine involvement"
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The Doomed Horse Soldiers of Bataan: The Incredible Stand of the 26th Cavalry
187:. Homma was executed in 1946, while Kawane and Hirano were executed in 1949.
183:
for war crimes and sentenced to death on charges of failing to prevent their
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Bataan Death March Memorial featuring Filipino and American soldiers at the
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discusses surrender terms with Japanese officers to end the Battle of Bataan
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Apocalypse Undone: My Survival of Japanese Imprisonment During World War II
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In September 1945, Homma was arrested by Allied troops and indicted for
495:
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1436:"WW2 historical markers remind Pinoys of Bataan's role on Day of Valor"
2262:. Cambridge, Mass. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p.
2795:
Shofner was an American officer, captured on Corregidor, who escaped
2320:
The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945
2229:. Vol. 16, no. 6. pp. 26–31, 96–98, 105–106, 108, 111.
740:, and United States sailors from various commands across the island.
672:
The 2013 Bataan Memorial Death March at the White Sands Missile Range
360:
264:
236:
146:
3353:
2744:"History of Bataan Death March – New Mexico National Guard Museum"
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Before the bomb: how America approached the end of the Pacific War
1467:"A double dose of hell: The Bataan Death March and what came next"
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Due to the large population of Filipino workers on the island of
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The law of armed conflict: international humanitarian law in war
2382:
The law of armed conflict: international humanitarian law in war
114:
Exact figures are unknown. Estimates range from 5,500 to 18,650
3392:
Proviso East High School Bataan Commemorative Research Project
1642:
3204:
Honor Them Always: For the Sacrifice of Their Youth at Bataan
1821:
The Bataan Death March: World War II Prisoners in the Pacific
1615:
The Bataan Death March: World War II Prisoners in the Pacific
301:
began on 7 January 1942 and continued until 9 April when the
3391:
3005:
Under the Rising Sun, Memories of a Japanese Prisoner of War
2591:"Bataan survivors attend rededication of monument Saturday"
3402:
3370:
author Colonel Glenn Frazier, Bataan Death March Survivor
3128:
Inside the Bataan Death March: Defeat, Travail and Memory
2451:
Inside the Bataan Death March: Defeat, Travail and Memory
1746:
Inside the Bataan Death March: Defeat, Travail and Memory
1338:
Inside the Bataan Death March: Defeat, Travail and Memory
160:
The transfer began on 9 April 1942 after the three-month
3478:
World War II prisoner of war massacres by Imperial Japan
3164:
Norman, Michael & Norman, Elizabeth (June 9, 2009).
3067:
Forsaken Heroes of the Pacific War: One Man's True Story
2775:"Early reviews favorable of Bataan Memorial Death March"
2574:. School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Archived from
1685:
Norman, Michael & Norman, Elizabeth (June 9, 2009).
708:
26.2-mile (42.2 km) march/run, is conducted at the
697:
and now houses several state government agency offices.
62:, Capas, Tarlac, 1942, following the Bataan Death March.
2871:
Survivor: Memoir of Defeat and Captivity – Bataan, 1942
2369:(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 40–46
1639:"Bataan Rescue: Masaharu Homma and Japanese Atrocities"
660:, and memorial ceremonies held at military cemeteries.
3363:– A link to the book's page on the publisher's website
1233:
3418:
Bataan Survivors Recall Horrors, Borderlands articles
2407:"The Trial Of General Homma | AMERICAN HERITAGE"
1340:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 328.
532:
in October 1944. U.S. and Filipino forces went on to
437:, the overcrowded conditions and poor hygiene caused
1798:"Bataan Death March. Britannica Encyclopedia Online"
1500:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 414.
1411:. US Army Center of Military History. Archived from
1389:. US Army Center of Military History. Archived from
1367:. US Army Center of Military History. Archived from
1315:. US Army Center of Military History. Archived from
1293:. US Army Center of Military History. Archived from
2549:Among others, additional narration was provided by
2173:
Attack on Pearl Harbor: America Enters World War II
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
391:
San Fernando station (Pampanga) April 1942 monument
3298:
3271:
2255:
2200:Matters of culture: cultural sociology in practice
2140:Horner, David Murray; Robert John O'Neill (2010).
2087:. New Mexico Guard National Museum. Archived from
1891:
1835:
2430:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 384, 385.
637:Japan at the expense of the Japanese government.
610:Post-war commemorations, apologies, and memorials
290:On 26 December Manila was officially declared an
267:and informed him that any further defense of the
3398:4th Marines at Corregidor and Bataan Death March
2568:"Never the Same: The Prisoner of War Experience"
1947:. University of Arkansas Press. pp. 106–7.
1966:
1964:
632:On 13 September 2010 Japanese Foreign Minister
549:
444:
398:
380:
34:
2332:
2330:
2116:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 649.
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
646:Never the Same: The Prisoner-of-War Experience
2873:. Western Epics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah.
2629:. New Mexico State University. Archived from
2466:(Jefferson NC: McFarland, 1992), pp. 101–105.
1869:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 125.
1842:. University Press of Kentucky. p. xii.
1792:
1790:
676:The Bataan Death March had a large impact on
8:
2343:World War II in the Pacific: an encyclopedia
2293:. University of Kentucky Press. p. 30.
2243:. February 7, 1944 – via Google Books.
1771:World War II in the Pacific: an encyclopedia
1722:World War II in the Pacific: an encyclopedia
720:Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory
2888:Jackson, Charles; Norton, Bruce H. (2003).
2385:. Cambridge University Press. p. 384.
2203:. Cambridge University Press. p. 197.
1554:. Kent State University Press. p. 51.
1527:. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 87.
688:Coast Artillery of the National Guard. The
334:Route of the death march. The section from
227:Under WPO-3, the mission of the Philippine
3453:United States Marine Corps in World War II
2658:. Government Printing Office. p. 82.
2508:"Japanese/American POW Friendship Program"
2197:Friedland, Roger & Mohr, John (2004).
1999:
1997:
1724:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 157–158.
580:Japanese War Crimes Trials in Manila, 1945
31:
27:1942 Japanese war crime in the Philippines
2477:"Kadel, Maj. Richard C. – Bataan Project"
1773:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 159–60.
1491:
1489:
1487:
303:United States Army Forces in the Far East
3403:1200 Days, A Bataan POW Survivor's Story
1331:
1329:
1327:
600:American military commission in Yokohama
433:Once the surviving prisoners arrived in
3463:World War II sites of the United States
3047:Moody, Samuel B.; Allen, Maury (1961).
1250:
1172:
616:Memorials to Bataan Death March victims
263:telephoned MacArthur's headquarters in
185:subordinates from committing atrocities
3483:Japanese war crimes in the Philippines
3147:O'Donell: Andersonville of the Pacific
2705:"USA Marathons & Marathoners 2007"
2323:. New York: Random House. p. 300.
482:Fallen soldiers during the Death March
171:The march was characterized by severe
3458:World War II sites in the Philippines
3360:No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan
3126:Murphy, Kevin C. (October 13, 2014).
2345:. Taylor & Francis. p. 420.
2146:. Rosen Publishing. pp. 74, 77.
1551:No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan
1460:
1458:
1456:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
7:
3375:"Back to Bataan, A Survivor's Story"
2032:"Hiking the Bataan Death March 2015"
1256:
1254:
2113:Douglas MacArthur: American Warrior
1434:Esconde, Ernie B. (April 9, 2012).
1111:Battle of the Philippines (1941–42)
516:newsstand, after the fall of Bataan
3064:Morrow, Don; Moore, Kevin (2011).
2980:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2589:Lauren E. Toney (March 24, 2012).
2529:Brotman, Barbara (April 1, 2013).
2004:Ornauer, Dave (January 20, 2016).
1924:"O'Donnell Provost Marshal Report"
1649:from the original on June 2, 2023.
305:(USAFFE) commander, Major General
25:
1200:Martsa ning Kematayan king Bataan
363:map highlighting the site of the
137:(POW) from the municipalities of
129:was the forcible transfer by the
3414:Bataan Death March and POW Camps
3111:10.1179/204243411X13201386799172
2531:"From Death March to Hell Ships"
2176:. Rosen Publishing. p. 51.
1094:
700:Every year in early spring, the
133:of 75,000 American and Filipino
52:
2691:www.generalservices.state.nm.us
1978:. April 8, 2012. Archived from
1800:. Britannica.com. April 9, 1942
1496:Woolfe, Raymond G. Jr. (2016).
2655:The Guide to U.S. Army Museums
2512:www.us-japandialogueonpows.org
2337:Sandler, Stanley, ed. (2001).
2030:Ahn, Tony (January 14, 2016).
1665:www.us-japandialogueonpows.org
1521:Hubbard, Preston John (1990).
1465:Lendon, Brad (April 3, 2024).
1216:Panagmartsa na Patey ed Bataan
744:Notable captives and survivors
730:British Indian Ocean Territory
547:made the following statement:
534:recapture the Bataan Peninsula
1:
2287:Chappell, John David (1997).
1941:Downs, William David (2004).
1769:. In Sandler, Stanley (ed.).
1720:. In Sandler, Stanley (ed.).
1184:Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan
2869:Harrison, Thomas R. (1989).
2339:"Homma Masaharu (1887–1946)"
1819:Greenberger, Robert (2009).
1613:Greenberger, Robert (2009).
1548:Bilek, Anton (Tony) (2003).
1261:History (November 9, 2009).
256:came ashore at Lingayen Gulf
231:was to hold the entrance to
3438:Philippines in World War II
3202:Resa, Jolinda Bull (2011).
3051:. New York: Pageant Press.
2491:"Manchester Evening Herald"
1661:"US-Japan Dialogue on POWs"
1408:The Fall of the Philippines
1386:The Fall of the Philippines
1364:The Fall of the Philippines
1312:The Fall of the Philippines
1290:The Fall of the Philippines
1234:
702:Bataan Memorial Death March
3499:
3280:W. W. Norton & Company
3242:. New York: Anchor Books.
2910:The Making of Modern Japan
2854:W. W. Norton & Company
2850:Bataan: The March of Death
2652:Phillips, R. Cody (2005).
2258:The Making of Modern Japan
2254:Jansen, Marius B. (2000).
2063:W. W. Norton & Company
2059:Bataan: The March of Death
1900:W. W. Norton & Company
1866:Bataan: a survivor's story
1581:W. W. Norton & Company
1577:Bataan: The March of Death
613:
247:The main force of General
164:in the Philippines during
3328:Young, Donald J. (1992).
3194:Pritzker Military Library
3172:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2907:Jansen, Marius B (2000).
2848:Falk, Stanley L. (1962).
2453:: Kevin C. Murphy p.30-31
2143:World War II: The Pacific
2057:Falk, Stanley L. (1962).
1834:Doyle, Robert C. (2010).
1693:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1575:Falk, Stanley L. (1962).
1336:Murphy, Kevin C. (2014).
1223:
710:White Sands Missile Range
690:New Mexico National Guard
628:in Las Cruces, New Mexico
112:
107:
66:
51:
39:
3270:Stewart, Sidney (1957).
3192:with the authors at the
3030:Cornell University Press
3022:Masuda, Hiroshi (2012).
2974:Lukacs, John D. (2010).
2915:Harvard University Press
2411:www.americanheritage.com
1890:Stewart, Sidney (1957).
1863:Hoyt, Eugene P. (2004).
1208:Bataan Marso ti Ipapatay
695:Bataan Memorial Building
491:Wartime public responses
420:Pantingan River massacre
3443:1942 in the Philippines
3297:Tenney, Lester (2000).
3145:Olson, John E. (1985).
3072:Wounded Warrior Project
2835:Ghost of Bataan Speaks.
2819:March 31, 2017, at the
2814:"Oh God Where Are You?"
2572:Gene Siskal Film Center
2424:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
2379:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
2110:Herman, Arthur (2016).
1617:. Compass Point Books.
1215:
1207:
1199:
1183:
991:Salvador A. Rodolfo Sr.
826:Virgilio N. Cordero Jr.
3381:The Bataan Death March
2833:Abraham, Abie (2001).
2812:Abraham, Abie (1997).
2539:. pp. Lifestyles.
2514:. 2010. Archived from
2170:Darman, Peter (2012).
1765:Lansford, Tom (2001).
1716:Lansford, Tom (2001).
1405:Morton, Louis (1953).
1383:Morton, Louis (1953).
1361:Morton, Louis (1953).
1309:Morton, Louis (1953).
1287:Morton, Louis (1953).
1192:Marcha fatal de Bataán
1191:
856:Guillermo B. Francisco
673:
629:
626:Veterans Memorial Park
581:
554:
517:
500:
483:
449:
403:
392:
385:
367:
352:
343:
204:
131:Imperial Japanese Army
3196:on September 24, 2009
3167:Tears in the Darkness
3003:Machi, Mario (1994).
2951:. Horstman Printing.
1688:Tears in the Darkness
1415:on December 24, 2007.
1393:on December 24, 2007.
1371:on December 24, 2007.
1319:on December 24, 2007.
1297:on December 24, 2007.
1046:Thomas J. H. Trapnell
821:Lawrence S. Churchill
738:Royal Military Police
671:
623:
579:
536:in January 1945, and
511:
498:
481:
390:
358:
349:
333:
198:
108:Casualties and losses
3278:(revised ed.).
3170:(revised ed.).
2754:on November 30, 2016
2518:on October 16, 2012.
2091:on November 30, 2016
2065:. pp. 197–198.
1982:on December 20, 2016
1972:"Bataan Death March"
1898:(revised ed.).
1767:"Bataan Death March"
1718:"Bataan Death March"
1691:(revised ed.).
1263:"Bataan Death March"
926:Jesse Monroe Knowles
906:Harold Keith Johnson
538:Manila was liberated
365:Panintingan massacre
181:military commissions
3473:Mass murder in 1942
2783:Las Cruces Sun-News
2729:Las Cruces Sun-News
2707:. marathonguide.com
2596:Las Cruces Sun-News
2038:. Microsoft Network
2010:Stars & Stripes
1235:Batān Shi no Kōshin
931:Charles S. Lawrence
871:Samuel A. Goldblith
796:William E. Brougher
642:Japanese hell ships
591:respondeat superior
514:Hayward, California
464:military commission
423:of murdering POWs.
285:Richard J. Marshall
261:Jonathan Wainwright
3433:Bataan Death March
3049:Reprieve from Hell
3007:. Wolfenden, USA.
2892:. Presidio Press.
2779:www.abqjournal.com
2627:Battle for Bataan!
2578:on March 28, 2014.
1121:Raid at Cabanatuan
1102:Philippines portal
941:Robert W. Levering
851:Halstead C. Fowler
674:
630:
582:
518:
501:
484:
474:Casualty estimates
468:Japanese war crime
416:summarily executed
393:
368:
359:Portion of Bataan
353:
344:
205:
127:Bataan Death March
35:Bataan Death March
18:Bataan death march
3468:April 1942 events
3448:History of Bataan
3354:Tragedy of Bataan
3339:978-0-89950-757-6
3312:978-1-57488-298-8
3289:978-0-393-31921-7
3249:978-1-299-07651-8
3217:978-1-4327-7555-1
3190:Webcast interview
3181:978-0-374-27260-9
3156:978-99969-862-0-8
3149:. John E. Olson.
3137:978-0-7864-9681-5
3099:War & Society
3081:978-1-56592-479-6
3039:978-0-8014-4939-0
3014:978-0-9642521-0-3
2987:978-0-7432-6278-1
2977:Escape from Davao
2958:978-1-258-20630-7
2928:978-0-674-00334-7
2913:. Cambridge, MA:
2899:978-0-345-44911-5
2880:978-0-916095-29-1
2829:978-0-533-11987-5
2823:. Vantage Press.
2687:"Central Complex"
2665:978-0-16-087282-2
2633:on March 28, 2004
2603:on March 14, 2013
2437:978-0-521-87088-7
2392:978-0-521-87088-7
2352:978-0-8153-1883-5
2300:978-0-8131-1987-8
2210:978-0-521-79545-6
2183:978-1-4488-9233-4
2153:978-1-4358-9133-3
2123:978-0-8129-9489-6
1954:978-0-9713470-5-2
1909:978-0-393-31921-7
1876:978-0-8061-3582-3
1849:978-0-8131-2589-3
1780:978-0-8153-1883-5
1744:Kevin C. Murphy,
1731:978-0-8153-1883-5
1702:978-0-374-27260-9
1624:978-0-7565-4095-1
1561:978-0-87338-768-2
1534:978-0-8265-1401-1
1507:978-1-4422-4534-1
1347:978-0-7864-9681-5
1232:
1081:Teófilo Yldefonso
1056:James R.N. Weaver
1031:Benigno G. Tabora
1026:Luther R. Stevens
1001:Alfredo M. Santos
976:Clinton A. Pierce
811:Mariano Castañeda
791:Thomas F. Breslin
652:as the narrator.
606:on 12 June 1949.
342:was by rail cars.
218:War Plan Orange 3
214:Douglas MacArthur
123:
122:
103:
102:
84:Mariveles, Bataan
16:(Redirected from
3490:
3409:Japan Focus 2008
3343:
3324:
3304:
3301:My Hitch in Hell
3293:
3277:
3274:Give Us This Day
3266:
3261:
3229:
3185:
3160:
3141:
3122:
3093:
3060:
3043:
3018:
2999:
2970:
2945:Levering, Robert
2940:
2903:
2884:
2865:
2800:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2773:Ramirez, Steve.
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2748:bataanmuseum.com
2740:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2599:. Archived from
2586:
2580:
2579:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2496:. June 11, 1949.
2495:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2261:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2085:"Bataan History"
2081:
2075:
2074:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1897:
1894:Give Us This Day
1887:
1881:
1880:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1762:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1671:on June 3, 2010.
1667:. Archived from
1657:
1651:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1493:
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1418:
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1402:
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1352:
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1333:
1322:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1177:
1134:The March (1945)
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1036:Robert P. Taylor
1011:Clyde A. Selleck
981:Fernando Poe Sr.
971:George M. Parker
956:Allan C. McBride
901:Delfin Jaranilla
896:Rafael Jalandoni
886:Samuel L. Howard
836:Charles C. Drake
781:James J. Bollich
776:Clifford Bluemel
572:War crimes trial
564:The Manila Times
540:in early March.
512:Newspapers in a
313:Allied surrender
299:Battle of Bataan
277:Manuel L. Quezon
162:Battle of Bataan
135:prisoners of war
68:
67:
56:
42:Battle of Bataan
32:
21:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3423:
3422:
3350:
3340:
3327:
3313:
3296:
3290:
3269:
3264:
3250:
3232:
3218:
3208:Outskirts Press
3201:
3182:
3163:
3157:
3144:
3138:
3125:
3096:
3082:
3070:. Roanoke, VA:
3063:
3046:
3040:
3021:
3015:
3002:
2988:
2973:
2959:
2943:
2929:
2906:
2900:
2887:
2881:
2868:
2847:
2821:Wayback Machine
2809:
2807:Further reading
2804:
2803:
2794:
2790:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2725:
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2720:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2684:
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2670:
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2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2566:
2559:Kathleen Turner
2548:
2544:
2536:Chicago Tribune
2528:
2527:
2523:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2479:. May 11, 2019.
2475:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2449:
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2423:
2422:
2418:
2405:
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2400:
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2378:
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2248:
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2238:
2234:
2223:
2222:
2218:
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2196:
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2184:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2139:
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2134:
2124:
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2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:www.mansell.com
1922:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1833:
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1684:
1683:
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1658:
1654:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1583:. p. 102.
1574:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1495:
1494:
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1421:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1382:
1381:
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1359:
1355:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1303:
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1269:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1116:Manila massacre
1100:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1085:
961:George F. Moore
911:Albert M. Jones
756:Ramon Bagatsing
746:
722:
706:marathon-length
666:
618:
612:
574:
559:
545:George Marshall
530:Battle of Leyte
506:
493:
476:
328:
315:
210:
193:
119:
99:
74:9–17 April 1942
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3475:
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3406:
3400:
3395:
3389:
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3372:
3364:
3356:
3349:
3348:External links
3346:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3325:
3311:
3294:
3288:
3267:
3262:
3248:
3239:Ghost Soldiers
3234:Sides, Hampton
3230:
3216:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3180:
3161:
3155:
3142:
3136:
3123:
3094:
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3044:
3038:
3028:. Ithaca, NY:
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2462:John L. Ginn,
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1993:
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1953:
1933:
1915:
1908:
1902:. p. 81.
1882:
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1240:
1239:
1171:
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1165:
1163:
1162:
1158:Women of Valor
1154:
1145:
1143: (CVL-29)
1136:
1131:
1127:The Great Raid
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:
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1073:
1068:
1066:Edgar Whitcomb
1063:
1061:Arthur Wermuth
1058:
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1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Austin Shofner
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
986:Carlos Quirino
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
951:Jose B. Lingad
948:
943:
938:
936:Maxon S. Lough
933:
928:
923:
921:Edward P. King
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:Samuel Grashio
878:
873:
868:
863:
861:Arnold J. Funk
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Mateo Capinpin
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Lewis C. Beebe
763:
758:
753:
747:
745:
742:
721:
718:
665:
662:
658:ultramarathons
614:Main article:
611:
608:
573:
570:
558:
555:
505:
502:
492:
489:
475:
472:
453:Camp O'Donnell
428:physical abuse
412:Masanobu Tsuji
327:
324:
314:
311:
307:Edward P. King
249:Masaharu Homma
209:
206:
201:Edward P. King
192:
189:
177:Masaharu Homma
173:physical abuse
151:Camp O'Donnell
121:
120:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
60:Camp O'Donnell
49:
48:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3495:
3484:
3481:
3479:
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3471:
3469:
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3407:
3404:
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3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3332:. McFarland.
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:. Brassey's.
3303:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3241:
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3235:
3231:
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3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3195:
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3187:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:. McFarland.
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
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3045:
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3027:
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3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
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2978:
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2968:
2964:
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2946:
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2895:
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2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:Beaver Pond.
2836:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2789:
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2776:
2769:
2766:
2753:
2749:
2745:
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2731:
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2719:
2706:
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2688:
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2667:
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2645:
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2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2563:Robert Wagner
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
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2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
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2383:
2375:
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2368:
2365:Yuma Totani,
2362:
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2354:
2348:
2344:
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2327:
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2321:
2316:
2310:
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2283:
2280:
2275:
2273:9780674003347
2269:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2250:
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2236:
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2206:
2202:
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2159:
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2136:
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2106:
2103:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2037:
2036:MSN Lifestyle
2033:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1827:
1823:. p. 40.
1822:
1815:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1791:
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1782:
1776:
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1768:
1761:
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1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152: (LHD-5)
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Manuel T. Yan
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
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1041:Mario Tonelli
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:Robert Sheats
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Fidel Segundo
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
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989:
987:
984:
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979:
977:
974:
972:
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966:John E. Olson
964:
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947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
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917:
916:Joe Kieyoomia
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
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892:
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849:
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846:Alva R. Fitch
844:
842:
841:William Dyess
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
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749:
748:
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735:
734:Royal Marines
731:
727:
719:
717:
713:
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696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
670:
663:
661:
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653:
651:
647:
643:
638:
635:
634:Katsuya Okada
627:
622:
617:
609:
607:
605:
604:Sugamo Prison
601:
595:
593:
592:
587:
578:
571:
569:
566:
565:
556:
553:
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546:
541:
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531:
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504:United States
503:
497:
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473:
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266:
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257:
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245:
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238:
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230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
212:When General
207:
202:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
149:Peninsula to
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
117:
111:
106:
98:, Philippines
97:
93:
92:Capas, Tarlac
89:
88:Bagac, Bataan
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3368:Hell's Guest
3367:
3359:
3329:
3300:
3273:
3238:
3203:
3166:
3146:
3127:
3102:
3098:
3066:
3048:
3024:
3004:
2976:
2948:
2909:
2889:
2870:
2852:. New York:
2849:
2834:
2791:
2778:
2768:
2758:November 12,
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2747:
2738:
2732:. p. 1.
2727:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2681:
2671:February 23,
2669:. Retrieved
2654:
2647:
2637:February 23,
2635:. Retrieved
2631:the original
2626:
2617:
2607:February 22,
2605:. Retrieved
2601:the original
2594:
2584:
2576:the original
2571:
2555:Alec Baldwin
2545:
2534:
2524:
2516:the original
2511:
2502:
2485:
2471:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2426:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2342:
2319:
2315:Toland, John
2309:
2289:
2282:
2257:
2249:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2199:
2192:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2112:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:the original
2079:
2061:. New York:
2058:
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1984:. Retrieved
1980:the original
1975:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1893:
1885:
1865:
1858:
1837:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1804:December 17,
1802:. Retrieved
1770:
1745:
1740:
1721:
1711:
1687:
1669:the original
1664:
1655:
1633:
1614:
1592:
1579:. New York:
1576:
1570:
1550:
1543:
1523:
1516:
1497:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:
1413:the original
1407:
1400:
1391:the original
1385:
1378:
1369:the original
1363:
1356:
1337:
1317:the original
1311:
1304:
1295:the original
1289:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:
1175:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1125:
1051:Jesus Vargas
996:Alejo Santos
866:Martin Gison
831:Pelagio Cruz
806:Jose Calugas
801:Albert Brown
786:Albert Braun
751:José Agdamag
726:Diego Garcia
723:
714:
699:
675:
654:
650:Loretta Swit
645:
639:
631:
596:
589:
583:
562:
560:
550:
542:
523:
519:
485:
457:
450:
445:
432:
425:
404:
399:
394:
381:
369:
361:disinterment
336:San Fernando
326:Forced March
316:
296:
289:
246:
226:
211:
170:
166:World War II
159:
155:San Fernando
126:
124:
96:Luzon Island
46:World War II
40:Part of the
29:
2917:. pp.
2095:December 5,
2042:December 5,
2015:December 5,
1986:December 5,
1976:Interaksyon
1748:, pp. 29–30
1445:December 5,
1440:GMA Network
1272:February 3,
1267:history.com
1196:Kapampangan
946:Vicente Lim
891:Ray C. Hunt
771:Bull Benini
222:Axis powers
3427:Categories
3188:Also see:
2843:B004L73AXC
2623:"Timeline"
1245:References
1212:Pangasinan
876:Jose Gozar
736:, British
678:New Mexico
664:New Mexico
586:war crimes
319:logistical
281:Corregidor
273:Agno River
233:Manila Bay
191:Background
3321:557622115
3258:842990576
3226:782073328
3119:162118184
3105:: 42–63.
3090:725827438
2996:464593097
1229:romanized
1148:USS
1139:USS
1071:Paul Wing
761:Bert Bank
439:dysentery
372:Mariveles
292:open city
253:14th Army
143:Mariveles
3236:(2001).
3057:14924946
2947:(1948).
2937:44090600
2817:Archived
2799:in 1943.
2551:Ed Asner
2317:(1970).
1647:Archived
1476:April 9,
1224:バターン死の行進
1220:Japanese
1180:Filipino
1088:See also
557:Japanese
543:General
526:magazine
466:to be a
401:stomach.
269:Lingayen
229:garrison
199:General
79:Location
3210:, Inc.
2967:1168285
2919:654–655
2862:1084550
2797:DaPeCol
2071:1084550
1589:1084550
1231::
1204:Ilocano
1188:Spanish
728:in the
644:titled
435:Balanga
418:in the
208:Prelude
145:on the
118:deaths.
3336:
3319:
3309:
3286:
3256:
3246:
3224:
3214:
3178:
3153:
3134:
3117:
3088:
3078:
3055:
3036:
3011:
2994:
2984:
2965:
2955:
2935:
2925:
2896:
2877:
2860:
2841:
2827:
2711:May 8,
2662:
2561:, and
2434:
2389:
2349:
2297:
2270:
2241:"LIFE"
2207:
2180:
2150:
2120:
2069:
1951:
1906:
1873:
1846:
1777:
1728:
1699:
1621:
1587:
1558:
1531:
1504:
1344:
1161:(1986)
1150:Bataan
1141:Bataan
1130:(2005)
461:Allied
265:Manila
241:Allied
237:Bataan
147:Bataan
3115:S2CID
2494:(PDF)
1417:p.232
1395:p.233
1167:Notes
686:515th
682:200th
407:Pilar
376:Bagac
340:Capas
139:Bagac
3416:and
3334:ISBN
3317:OCLC
3307:ISBN
3284:ISBN
3254:OCLC
3244:ISBN
3222:OCLC
3212:ISBN
3176:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3132:ISBN
3086:OCLC
3076:ISBN
3053:OCLC
3034:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2992:OCLC
2982:ISBN
2963:OCLC
2953:ISBN
2933:OCLC
2923:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2858:OCLC
2839:ASIN
2825:ISBN
2760:2014
2713:2008
2673:2013
2660:ISBN
2639:2013
2609:2013
2432:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2227:Life
2205:ISBN
2178:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2097:2016
2067:OCLC
2044:2016
2017:2016
1988:2016
1949:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1806:2012
1775:ISBN
1726:ISBN
1697:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1585:OCLC
1556:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1478:2024
1447:2016
1373:p.67
1342:ISBN
1321:p.62
1299:p.61
1274:2023
704:, a
684:and
524:Life
374:and
351:1942
297:The
153:via
141:and
125:The
86:and
71:Date
3107:doi
2264:655
1643:PBS
1471:CNN
338:to
251:'s
116:POW
90:to
3429::
3315:.
3282:.
3252:.
3220:.
3206:.
3174:.
3113:.
3103:31
3101:.
3084:.
3074:.
3032:.
2990:.
2961:.
2931:.
2921:.
2856:.
2781:.
2777:.
2746:.
2689:.
2625:.
2593:.
2570:.
2565:.
2557:,
2553:,
2533:.
2510:.
2409:.
2341:.
2329:^
2266:.
2156:.
2126:.
2034:.
2008:.
1996:^
1974:.
1963:^
1926:.
1789:^
1753:^
1695:.
1677:^
1663:.
1645:.
1641:.
1601:^
1591:.
1486:^
1469:.
1455:^
1438:.
1422:^
1326:^
1265:.
1253:^
1226:,
1222::
1218:;
1214::
1210:;
1206::
1202:;
1198::
1194:;
1190::
1186:;
1182::
470:.
157:.
94:,
44:,
3342:.
3323:.
3292:.
3260:.
3228:.
3184:.
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