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plus those of the
Tonkawa scouts. The Comanche prisoners were kept under guard as the command rejoined its supply train and retraced its route back south to the main supply base on Duck Creek, where the Indians were transferred to Fort Concho, where they were kept prisoner through the winter. MacKenzie used the captives as a bargaining tool to force the off-reservation Indians back to the reservation, and to force them to free white captives.
584:. Mackenzie split off smaller detachments to search possible locations of the Indian camps but with no success. They returned to Camp Supply on August 31, 1872. The expedition had marched close to 700 miles (1,127 km) over a five-week period, and discovered two new routes through the Staked Plains. These routes were reported to be shorter and had better water access than the
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cavalry moved within a half mile of the village before they were seen by the
Indians. From there, they charged the village, capturing it after a half-hour battle. Mackenzie lost three men and three were wounded. The Comanche lost an estimated fifty or more, including Chief Kai-Wotche and his wife, who were both killed. Mow-way (Shaking Hand) escaped.
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MacKenzie's stratagem worked, for shortly after the battle, Mow-way and Parra-o-coom (Bull Bear) moved their bands to the vicinity of the
Wichita Agency. The Nokoni chief Horseback, who himself counted family members among the Indian prisoners, took the initiative in persuading the Comanches to trade
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The army had caught the village completely unaware, and captive
Clinton Smith in later years would accuse Mackenzie and the army of a massacre. Mackenzie reported officially twenty-three Comanches killed, although there may have been more. The warriors, who sustained heavy casualties, threw some of
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After dark, Mackenzie's command moved to the hills several miles away from the burned village and camped. Fearing that the captured pony herd would stampede the cavalry horses, Mackenzie had them corralled. That night and the next, however, the
Comanches succeeded in recovering most of their horses,
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This marked the first time the United States had successfully attacked the
Comanches in the heart of the Comancheria, and showed that the Llano Estacado were no longer a safe haven. Further, this battle emphasized that if the army wished to force the wild Comanches onto reservations, the way to do
571:
on Duck Creek, on the edge of the Llano
Estacado where he established his command. From there, McKenzie dispatched several scouting parties, one of which discovered a well-traveled path with hoof prints of a large herd of cattle stretching west. This find caught Mackenzie's attention, and on July
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Almost 800–3000 horses were rounded up by the troops while the lodges, along with the stores of meat, equipment, and clothing, save for a few choice robes, were burned. About 130 Comanches, mostly women and children, were taken prisoner, but six of these were too badly wounded to be moved long
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Mackenzie rested his men until
September 21, when he marched his troops north to search the last potential campsite of the Comanche, on the north fork of the Red River. On September 28, a scouting patrol under Lt. Boehm and Captain Wirt Davis, discovered a large Kotsoteka Comanche village. The
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As justification for the attack, the army claimed it found overwhelming proof of the band's raids on white settlements in the wreckage of the village. For instance, a survivor of the wagon train massacred at Howard's Wells the previous spring recognized forty-three of its mules.
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were the first to participate, thus the name of the policy), not political patrons. In addition, Indians were to be moved to reservations peacefully or forcefully, and U.S. troops were not to engage in combat against them. Under the policy, federal troops at
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scouts into the heart of the
Comancheria. On August 7, 1872, the detachment obtained supplies and rested at Fort Sumner, New Mexico. They then marched north to Fort Bascom, New Mexico, arriving August 16, 1872.
263:
485:. There was an accusation that the battle was really an attempt "to make a massacre," as during the height of battle some noncombatants were wounded while mixed in with warriors.
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of 1873–4. In early 1872, the new
Military Commander of the District of Texas decided it was time to strike at the Comanches in the heart of their homeland on the
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207:
785:
The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier. Arthur H. Clarke Co. 1933.
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their dead into a ten-foot-deep pool to keep them away from the Tonkawas' knives and cooking pots; the Tonkawas were reputedly cannibals.
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This battle is primarily remembered as the place where the army for the first time struck at the Comanches in the heart of the
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it was destroy their villages and leave them unable to survive off-reservation. MacKenzie's tactics were such a success that
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The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier
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administration's "Quaker Peace Policy" was still in effect, which placed the appointment of Indian agents in the hands of
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stolen livestock and white captives, including Clinton Smith, in exchange for their own women and children.
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 378-379, 382
629:, Blacksmith James Pratt, Farrier David Larkin, Privates Edward Branagan and William Rankin, Corporal
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Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of the Indian, Spanish, and French in the Southwest
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1030:. Monograph of the American Ethnological Society, No. 21. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 376-377
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could not be deployed against the Comanche. Troops from the Texas District, however, could be.
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 379
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 380
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 377
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Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 383
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Unknown, but the best guesses are 160 in the band, including 100 women and children
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The Comanches: Lords of the Southern Plains. University of Oklahoma Press. 1952.
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Ortiz, who accompanied Mackenzie, led the command to the east, skirting
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28, 1872, he marched 272 troopers, 12 officers, and 20
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The Great Comanche Raid: Boldest Indian Attack on the Texas Republic
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Col. Mackenzie who led the cavalry at the Battle of the North Fork
554:
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976:. Vero Beach, Florida 32964: Rourke Publications, Inc., 1992.
674:, both in 1874, mirrored this battle in strategy and effect.
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in early July 1872, to begin his campaign. He reestablished
988:
The Junior Library of American Indians: The Comanche Indians
962:, 1540–1795. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 1975.
214:
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that was being used to drive cattle to markets in Kansas.
816:, San Saba: San Saba Printing & Office Supply, p. 134
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on that spot marks the site of the battle between the
670:, and his destruction of the Comanche horse herd at
905:
Ted's Arrowheads and Artifacts from the Comancheria
720:, 1935, Washington D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., p. 378
1035:Indigenous Peoples of North America: The Comanche
477:under Kai-Wotche and Mow-way and a detachment of
898:"Comanche Warrior" – Documentary Excerpt, Part 2
892:"Comanche Warrior" – Documentary Excerpt, Part 1
18:
1037:. San Diego: Lucent Books Incorporation, 2000.
1028:Changing Military Patterns on the Great Plains
1016:. Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1933.
983:. Mankato, Minnesota: Bridgestone Books, 1997.
1050:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1952.
1008:Frontier Blood: the Saga of the Parker Family
969:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974.
941:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1989.
662:empowered him to use them further during the
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8:
1048:The Comanches: Lords of the Southern Plains
1023:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.
990:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.
946:Cynthia Ann Parker: The Life and the Legend
924:. Later (2003) republished under the title
666:of 1874. His attack on the village at the
914:The Comanches: The Destruction of a People
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455:Battle of the North Fork of the Red River
1046:Wallace, Ernest, and E. Adamson Hoebel.
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19:Battle of North Fork of Red River, 1872
1041:"The Texas Comanches" on Texas Indians
1021:Indians of North America: The Comanche
948:– Texas Western Pr; 1st edition 1990,
926:The Comanches: The History of a People
900:– History Channel (November 27, 2005)
894:– History Channel (November 27, 2005)
457:occurred on September 28, 1872, near
173:12 officers and 272 enlisted men, 20
7:
1111:Battles of the Texas Ranger Division
981:Native Peoples: The Comanche Indians
974:Native American People: The Comanche
481:and scouts under U.S. Army Colonel
134:4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
886:Skyhawks Native American Dedication
860:. New York: Benchmark Books, 2000,
514:This battle was a precursor to the
221:North Fork of Red River Battlefield
91:North Fork of Red River Battlefield
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958:John, Elizabeth and A.H. Storms
526:had done 14 years before at the
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689:William Wilson (Medal of Honor)
1096:Battles involving the Comanche
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1101:Massacres of Native Americans
551:Campaign in the Staked Plains
1121:Captives of Native Americans
718:On the Border with Mackenzie
504:Prelude to the Red River War
80:35.411613000°N 100.6719722°W
528:Battle of Little Robe Creek
413:North Fork of the Red River
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994:Native Americans: Comanche
751:"Battle of the North Fork"
668:Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
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85:35.411613000; -100.6719722
1091:1872 in the United States
965:Jones, David E. Sanapia:
916:. New York: Knopf, 1974,
911:Fehrenbach, Theodore Reed
874:– McGowan Book Co. 1987,
563:Mackenzie marched out of
538:religious organizations (
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1065:Handbook of Texas online
1061:Battle of the North Fork
755:Handbook of Texas Online
596:The Battle of North Fork
967:Comanche Medicine Woman
195:approximately 50 killed
1136:Red River of the South
1012:Richardson, Rupert N.
858:Lifeways: The Comanche
653:The Red River Campaign
586:Goodnight–Loving Trail
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151:Commanders and leaders
1141:September 1872 events
1033:Streissguth, Thomas.
944:Hacker, Margaret S.,
641:, and First Sergeant
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232:Location within Texas
185:Casualties and losses
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451:Battle of North Fork
433:Staked Plains Horror
428:Buffalo Hunters' War
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812:Smith, C.L., 1927,
483:Ranald S. Mackenzie
438:Yellow House Canyon
323:Council House Fight
161:Kai-Wotche (killed)
157:Ranald S. Mackenzie
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1071:Map of Comancheria
1043:(August 14, 2005).
1003:(August 13, 2005).
999:2011-09-11 at the
660:William T. Sherman
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749:Hosmer, Brian C.
684:Texas-Indian Wars
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107:U.S. victory
24:Part of the
884:"Comanche"
672:Tule Canyon
637:, Sergeant
633:, Sergeant
609:distances.
569:Camp Supply
565:Fort Concho
520:Comancheria
403:Warren Raid
383:Pease River
353:Apache Wars
293:Fort Parker
83: /
54:Gray County
26:Indian Wars
1080:Categories
851:References
760:2007-07-15
536:Protestant
333:Plum Creek
328:Great Raid
318:The Neches
89: (
625:Corporal
617:Aftermath
545:Fort Sill
494:panhandle
192:7 wounded
1106:Comanche
997:Archived
678:See also
471:monument
308:Killough
190:3 killed
168:Strength
144:Comanche
44:Location
1063:– from
574:Tonkawa
540:Quakers
479:cavalry
453:or the
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530:. The
348:Muncey
177:scouts
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104:Result
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498:Texas
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58:Texas
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