Battle of Barrosa - Knowledge (XXG)

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the mainland. This force did manage to briefly secure Medina-Sidonia, but then returned to the Ronda mountains. Cassagne's division remained in place since the Allies never threatened it. To Victor's amazement, a cavalry patrol on 7 March found no evidence of Allied forces. By 8 March, just three days after the battle, Victor had reoccupied even the evacuated southern section of his lines and the siege was back in place. It would remain so for another eighteen months, until finally being abandoned on 24 August 1812, when Soult ordered a general French retreat following the Allied victory at

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Duncan's artillery. Finally, with the French now in their fighting columns and beginning their advance, Barnard was forced to draw back. Leval's men then encountered Bushe's companies of the 20th Portuguese, who supported the light battalion's retreat and kept the French engaged until Wheatley's brigade had formed up in line on the edge of the woods. The retreating light companies joined Wheatley's troops; Leval's division of 3,800 men was now marching on an Anglo-Portuguese line of 1,400 men supported by cannon.

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after the battle or on the morning of 6 March, the siege would have been broken. Even though Victor had managed to rally his troops at Chiclana, panic was rife in the French lines. Fully expecting a renewed offensive, Victor had made plans to stall any Allied advance just long enough to blow up most of the besieging forts and to allow I Corps to retreat to Seville. Cassagne took temporary control of Villatte's division, since that general was wounded. Victor assigned Cassagne to command the

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and German contingents under Graham's command, while Victor lost around 2,380. The Spanish suffered 300–400 casualties. Strategically, however, the failure of the Allies to follow up their victory allowed Victor to reoccupy his siege lines; Cádiz was not relieved and the campaign effectively failed to achieve anything. Victor even claimed the battle as a French victory, since the positions of the opposing sides remained unchanged following the action.

1004: 987: 213: 146: 960: 1248:, where they disembarked on 23 February. Joined by a composite battalion of flank companies under Colonel Browne, the troops marched to Tarifa on 24 February, where they received further reinforcement from the fortress garrison there. By 27 February, they were joined by la Peña's Spanish troops, who had left Cádiz three days after Graham and, despite encountering similar weather difficulties, had succeeded in landing at Tarifa. 888: 895: 50: 902: 5066: 2772: 1278:. Once there, however, Beguines's scouts reported that Medina-Sidonia was held more strongly than had been anticipated. Rather than engaging the French and forcing Victor to weaken his siege by committing more of his troops to the town's defence, la Peña decided that the Allied army should march across country and join the road that ran from Tarifa, through 1539:

exhausted men to order and he brought them, with Duncan's artillery, against Victor's new position. Morale in the re-formed French ranks was fragile; when a squadron of KGL hussars rounded the Cerro and drove a squadron of French dragoons onto their infantry, the shock was too much to bear for the demoralised soldiers, who retreated in a sudden rush.

1357:'s division, the Spanish drove Villatte's force across Almanza Creek. La Peña refused his vanguard permission to pursue the retreating French, who were consequently able to regroup on the far side of the creek. Graham's Anglo-Portuguese division had remained behind on the Cerro del Puerco to defend the rear and right flank of la Peña's main force. 1366: 1513:

themselves. However, Wheatley attacked as soon as the light companies cleared the field, and only one of Leval's battalions was able to even partially redeploy. The first French column Wheatley engaged broke after a single British volley. The 8th Ligne, part of this column, suffered about 50 percent casualties and lost its

1167:, to send reinforcements to Cádiz; by mid-February, five Anglo-Portuguese battalions had landed, bringing the garrison up to 17,000 men and making the city effectively impregnable. Additional troops continued to arrive, and by May, the garrison was 26,000 strong, while the besieging French forces had risen to 25,000. 1437:

Because of the time it took to deploy a full brigade into battle formation, Graham knew he needed to delay the French. He therefore ordered Browne, who had rejoined the division, to turn his single "Flankers" battalion of 536 men around and advance up the slope of the Barrosa Ridge against the 4,000

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This change of plan, combined with further bad weather and la Peña's insistence on marching only at night, meant the Allied force was now two days behind schedule. La Peña sent a message to Cádiz informing Zayas of the delay, but the dispatch was not received and on 3 March, Zayas launched his sally

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Furious at la Peña, the following morning Graham collected his wounded, gathered trophies from the field and marched into Cádiz; snubbed, la Peña would later accuse Graham of losing the campaign for the Allies. It is almost certain that, had the Allies pushed the French positions either immediately

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fire and were brought to a halt just metres from the British line. The first four columns had started to give ground, so Victor tried to disengage his reserves and bring them to their support. However, as the two grenadier columns attempted to move off from their stalled positions, they came under

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Victor was disappointed that Villatte had failed to block the Cádiz road for longer, but he was still confident that his main force could drive the Allies into the sea. He could see that the bulk of the Spanish troops had taken station opposite Villatte and, on hearing reports that Barrosa Ridge was

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Both tactically and in terms of the casualties inflicted, the battle was a British victory. Graham's troops had beaten a French force approaching twice their number despite having marched through the previous night and part of that day. The British lost approximately 1,240 men, including Portuguese

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to make a cautious advance against the French at Chiclana, and he even refused to send out cavalry scouts to find out what Victor was doing. After remaining entrenched at Bermeja during 5–6 March, the Spanish army crossed to the Isla de León the following day, leaving only Beguines's irregulars on

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defending the approach to the Isla de Léon. Learning of Graham's decision to engage the two French divisions, the Spanish commander was convinced that the French would win the day and so stayed in place; Zayas repeatedly asked for leave to go to Graham's support, but le Peña denied permission each

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Ruffin's and Leval's divisions fled towards the Laguna del Puerco, where Victor succeeded in halting their disorganised rout. The Marshal deployed two or three relatively unscathed battalions to cover the reorganisation of his forces and secure their retreat, but Graham had also managed to call his

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Illustrated Battles of the Nineteenth Century Advancing up the ridge they had just abandoned, Browne's battalion came under intense fire from Ruffin's emplaced infantry and artillery. Within a few salvoes, half the battalion was gone and, unable to continue, Browne's men scattered amongst the cover

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that French soldiers had emerged from the Chiclana forest. Riding to the rear of his marching columns, he witnessed the Spanish battalions retreating from the ridge, Ruffin's division climbing its slopes, and Leval's division approaching from the east. Realizing that the Allied force was in danger

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that had been driven out of Vejer, informing him of the strong Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish force making its way up the western road from Tarifa. In conjunction with the aggressive action of the Cádiz garrison, this led him to conclude that the approaching troops were heading for Cádiz; their line

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to Browne to cover his retreat; Browne initially positioned his battalion in the ruins of a chapel at the summit but, seeing Whittingham's retreat and spotting six French battalions advancing on his position, he had little choice but to give way and seek Graham's force in the woods. Barrosa Ridge

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Victor's plan rapidly developed momentum. Ruffin's advance sufficed to send the five rearguard Spanish battalions running, leaving only Browne's battalion defending the ridge and, confronted by the French dragoons, Whittingham's cavalry decided to retire. Whittingham lent a single squadron of KGL

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Dilkes, instead of following Browne's route up the slope, advanced to the right where there was more cover and ground not visible to the French. As a result, the French artillery could not be brought to bear, and Dilkes's brigade managed to get near the top of the ridge without suffering serious

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Patrick Masterson (or Masterman, depending on source). As Wheatley's brigade moved forward, it encountered the only French battalion, from the 54th Ligne, that had begun to form line. It took three charges to break this battalion, which eventually fled towards the right where it encountered the

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Although they had the advantage in numbers, the French were under the impression that they were facing a superior force. Having been mauled by Barnard's and Bushe's light companies, and now facing the rolling volleys of the main British line, the French needed time to form from column into line

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Duncan which, having made rapid progress through the woods, arrived in time to support the skirmish line. As the situation became clearer, the French organised themselves into their customary attacking formation—the 'column of divisions'—all the time under fire from Barnard's light companies and

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Having opened up the route to Cádiz, la Peña instructed Graham to move his troops forward to Bermeja. However, on Graham's strenuous objections to vacating a position that would result in both flank and rear exposed, a force of five Spanish battalions and Browne's battalion was left to hold the

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Although the siege tied up a large number of Spanish, British and Portuguese troops, Wellington accepted this as part of his strategy since a similar number of French troops were also engaged. However, in January 1811, Victor's position began to deteriorate. Soult ordered Victor to send almost a

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Following a fierce battle on two fronts, the British succeeded in routing the attacking French forces. A lack of support from the larger Spanish contingent prevented an absolute victory, and the French were able to regroup and reoccupy their siege lines. Graham's tactical victory proved to have

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After another night march, on 5 March the Allies reached a hill to the southeast of Barrosa, the Cerro del Puerco (also referred to as the Barrosa Ridge). Scouts reported the presence of Villatte's force, and la Peña ordered his vanguard division to advance. With the aid of a fresh sortie of

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While Dilkes was moving on Ruffin's position on Barrosa Ridge, Barnard and the light companies advanced through the woods towards Leval's division. Unaware of the impending British assault, the French had taken no precautions and were advancing in two columns of march, with no forward line of

1199: 1385:, were sent to flank this rearguard force on the coast track. Graham's division then moved north as ordered—instead of descending from the heights on the coast road, they followed a path through a pine wood to the west of the ridge. This route was shorter and more practical for 2452:

Named By: Colonel William Light; Alternative Name: Yampoori; Derivation of Name: A location in Spain; Dual Name; Barossa Range / Yampoori; Other Details: Named by Colonel Light in 1837 after a location in Spain being the site of a battle won by Light's friend Lord Lynedock in

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by the French in early 1810, leaving it accessible from the sea, but in March of the following year a reduction in the besieging army gave its garrison of British and Spanish troops an opportunity to lift the siege. A large Allied strike force was shipped south from Cádiz to

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stopped the attacking columns in their tracks, and the two forces exchanged fire. Marshal Victor, by then himself on the crest of the ridge, brought up his reserve in two battalion columns of grenadiers. These columns were, as with the previous four, subjected to intense

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deserted, realised that here was an opportunity to take this commanding position. Ruffin was ordered to occupy the heights while Leval struck at Graham's troops in the woods, and three squadrons of dragoons were sent around the Cerro to take the coastal track.

1175:, reducing the besieging French army to around 15,000 men. Victor had little chance of making progress against the fortress city with a force of this strength, nor could he withdraw—the garrison of Cádiz, if let loose, was large enough to overrun the whole of 1758:

Browne was reported to have said "Because five Spanish battalions went off before the enemy came within cannon shot" when asked by Graham to explain why Browne's company had retreated from the ridge. From the memoirs of Browne's adjutant, Blakeney

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provided by the slope and returned fire. Despite his success, Ruffin could not descend the hill to brush away the remnants of Browne's battalion, as Dilkes's brigade had by now emerged from the wood and was forming up at the base of the slope.

1581:, mainly for his refusal to pursue the retreating French, where he was acquitted but relieved of command. At a time when Anglo-Spanish relations were already strained, Graham's criticism of his Spanish allies meant that it was no longer 1302:

prior to the arrival of the main force. Victor could not allow the Cádiz garrison, which still numbered about 13,000 men, to make a sortie against his lines while he was threatened from outside, so on the night of 3–4 March he sent six

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Despite the conduct of their commanding general, both the Spanish success at Almanza Creek and Graham's actions at Barrosa Ridge gave a much needed boost to Spanish morale. La Peña was subsequently arraigned for

1098:, were aware of the Allied movement and redeployed to prepare a trap. Victor placed one division on the road to Cádiz, blocking the Allied line of march, while his two remaining divisions fell on the single 1542:

Throughout the battle, la Peña steadfastly refused to support his Anglo-Portuguese allies. He learnt of the French advance at about the same time as Graham, and decided to entrench his full force on the

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little strategic effect on the continuing war, to the extent that Victor was able to claim the battle as a French victory since the siege remained in force until finally being lifted on 24 August 1812.

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was sent to block the neck of the peninsula on which the western road ran, preventing access to the Santi Petri creek and the Isla de Léon. Two other divisions, under the commands of Generals

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and instructed him not to retreat until the Allies advanced. Such was the French discomposure that, despite the Allied inactivity, one battery was destroyed without any orders being given.

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and prevent a breakout. Zayas's battalion was ejected from its positions, with 300 Spanish casualties, and Zayas was forced to float the pontoon bridge back to the island for future use.

424: 1218:, with the intention of marching north to engage the French rear. This force comprised some 8,000 Spanish and 4,000 British troops, with the overall command ceded to the Spanish General 1163:

resigned, and a five-man Regency was established to govern in its place. The Regency, recognising that Spain could only be saved with Allied aid, immediately asked the newly ennobled

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was deposed – and instead of attacking Victor's superior force, he brought his 10,000 men to reinforce the city. This allowed the city's defences to be fully manned.

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additional fire from the remnants of Browne's battalion, which had renewed its own advance. Prevented from rallying, the entire French force broke and fled to the valley below.

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men and artillery of Ruffin's division. Colonel Barnard, who led the light battalion of Wheatley's brigade, and Colonel Bushe, leading two light companies of Portuguese

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commanded that a medal be struck to commemorate the "brilliant Victory obtained over the Enemy"; this was awarded to the senior British officers present at the battle.

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Having concentrated, the combined Allied force began marching north towards Medina-Sidonia on 28 February, and la Peña now ordered Begines's irregulars to join them at

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time. On hearing that the British had prevailed, la Peña further declined to pursue the retreating French, again over-riding the continued protestations of Zayas.

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I concur in the propriety of your withdrawing to the Isla on the 6th, as much as I admire the promptitude and determination of your attack on the 5th

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Most of the French memoirs say that they had been attacked by three British lines, when there was only one, preceded by a screen of skirmishers (

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mountains by 23 February and join the main Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish force. Unaware of the delays in sailing, Begines had advanced as far as

5116: 5111: 1267:, Victor's flank commander, informed the marshal of the developing threat. Victor responded by sending three infantry battalions and a cavalry 315: 91: 4840: 4740: 4660: 2721: 2698: 2676: 2616: 2580: 2561: 1663: 4545: 1137: 1095: 860: 247: 3077: 1223: 1222:, a political accommodation since he was widely regarded as incompetent. To coincide with la Peña's assault, it was arranged that General 480: 441: 174: 5101: 4635: 4273: 2530: 1631: 1467:

in an attempt to sweep both Dilkes and the remaining "Flankers" back down the slope. Contrary to French expectations, the crude British

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in search of the Allied army; unsupported, and embroiled in skirmishes with Victor's right flank, he returned to the mountains. General

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of being swamped, Graham disregarded his orders and turned his division to deal with the threats to his flank and rear. He ordered

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In January 1810, the city of Cádiz, a major Allied harbour and the effective seat of Spanish government since the occupation of

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Trophies Taken by the British from the Napoleonic Army during the War of Spanish Independence (Peninsular War) 1808–1814

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Victor in open battle and raise the siege. To that end, an Anglo-Spanish expedition was sent by sea from Cádiz south to

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as arranged. A pontoon bridge was floated across the Santi Petri creek and a battalion sent across to establish a

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These hussars were from Whittingham's squadrons, but were acting on the orders of Graham's aide-de-camp Ponsonby (

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The British Army "Dry Training Area" (DTA) at Sandhurst Military Academy is named the Barossa Training Area.

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Following Soult's appropriation of many of Victor's troops, the Allies sensed an opportunity to engage

887: 793: 698: 1699:, p. 307) explains that the first five-man Regency resigned and was replaced by a group of three. 1463:

loss. By this time, though, its formation had become disorganised, so Ruffin deployed four battalion

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Whittingham was an English officer serving with the Spanish army, and hence under la Peña's command (

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Meanwhile, midway through his march to join la Peña's Spaniards, Graham received news from Spanish

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Brassey's Almanac: The Peninsular War; The Complete Companion to the Iberian Campaigns, 1807–14

1809:, p. 125) is an example of the use of 'Masterman' rather than the more common 'Masterson'. 1450: 4353: 4318: 4288: 4248: 4222: 4212: 4167: 4137: 4091: 4036: 3956: 3905: 3885: 3870: 3839: 3809: 3783: 3743: 3568: 3502: 3497: 3355: 3285: 3138: 3057: 3052: 2975: 2960: 2717: 2694: 2672: 2612: 2594: 2591:

A Peer Among Princes: The Life of Thomas Graham, Victor at Barrosa, Hero of the Peninsular War

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General Dilkes's brigade advances (from Illustrated Battles of the Nineteenth Century, 1895)

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Ironically, the messenger, a Spanish officer sent in a fishing boat, was detained by a

1497: 1260: 1231: 1068: 879: 778: 339: 41: 1894:, p. 225) provides the casualty figures, with the British numbers taken from the 1094:, and moved to engage the siege lines from the rear. The French, under the command of 1063:) was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre by an Anglo-Iberian force to break the French 5080: 4510: 3214: 3072: 3002: 1635: 1627: 1578: 1518: 1314: 2710: 1289: 1251:

To further strengthen the Allied ranks, a force of Spanish irregulars under General

5070: 3062: 2898: 2686: 2664: 1505: 1421: 2470: 1882:, p. 124) describes le Peña's conduct as "astounding", "selfish" and "timid". 49: 17: 1206:

from the frontispiece of his biography by Alexander M. Delavoye published in 1880

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for him to remain in Cádiz, so he was transferred to Wellington's main army.

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Under pressure from widespread protests and mob violence the ruling Spanish

1141: 2627: 1834:, p. 129. Wellington, however, sent his approval to Graham, writing " 2771: 2669:

A History of the Peninsular War: Volume IV, December 1810 to December 1811

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to reinforce Cassagne, and ordering the fortification of Medina-Sidonia.

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of march was therefore predictable, so he prepared a trap. General

1691:, p. 284. Note that the number of members (five) contradicts 1365: 2813: 1449: 1434:

Wheatley's brigade was sent to see off Leval's force to the east.

1256: 1197: 1133: 1042: 1732:, p. 122) claims that the bridgehead was actually held, but 1564:

La Peña had determined not to heed plans from Graham and Admiral

2817: 413: 311: 2134: 2132: 1152: – which served as a democratic Regency after 2439: 1805:, para. 1) gives details of the taking of the eagle, while 1293:

Map of the route taken by the Allied forces on the campaign

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Marshal Victor had, by now, received intelligence from a

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The Peninsular War 1807–1814: A Concise Military History

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The Anglo-Portuguese contingent—a division commanded by

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in the 1830s, named a range of hills in the new colony

1981: 1979: 1939: 1937: 1656:: Richard Sharpe and the Battle of Barrosa, March 1811 5054: 2691:

Wellington's Peninsular War; Battles And Battlefields

2575:, Penguin Classic Military History (published 2001), 2044: 2042: 1736:, p. 249) agrees that this sortie was repelled. 1140:. The city's garrison initially comprised only four 4975: 4859: 4774: 4609: 4489: 4482: 4362: 4241: 4105: 3934: 3848: 3802: 3551: 3445: 3369: 3263: 3177: 3129: 3120: 3016: 2917: 2908: 1377:Barrosa Ridge. In addition, three Spanish and two 2709: 2554:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War 2469: 1407:fell unopposed as Victor had intended, and Ruffin 1171:third of his troops to support Soult's assault on 1226:would lead a force of 4,000 Spanish troops in a 5013:England expects that every man will do his duty 2472:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905) 2390: 2327: 1891: 1349:Zayas's troops from Cádiz, and reinforced by a 34: 2829: 2693:, Pen & Sword Military (published 2005), 1695:, p. 119), which states three members. 1075:defeated two French divisions and captured a 425: 323: 8: 2438:. 10 January 2011. SA0004778. Archived from 1144:of volunteers and recruits, but the Duke of 1626:An officer in the 4th Dragoons, Lieutenant 1430:Dilkes's brigade to retake the ridge while 1055:(Chiclana, 5 March 1811, also known as the 4486: 3126: 2914: 2836: 2822: 2814: 1858:, p. 210) agrees with this date, but 432: 418: 410: 330: 316: 308: 31: 2366: 2339: 2315: 2279: 2255: 2228: 2111: 2075: 1871: 2782: 2716:, Wordsworth Editions (published 2000), 2138: 1364: 1288: 1102:rearguard division under the command of 5061: 2414: 2204: 2021: 2009: 1997: 1912: 1859: 1774:the incredibility of such a rash attack 1746: 1696: 1688: 1681: 1530:remainder of Leval's fleeing division. 1411:a battery of artillery on the heights. 1255:had been ordered to come down from the 3159:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 1958: 1928: 1855: 1851: 1806: 1760: 1692: 1071:. During the battle, a single British 1047:Map of the environs of Cádiz (c. 1813) 4841:Spanish American wars of independence 2629:The Battle of Barrosa, 5th March 1811 2378: 2216: 2177: 2063: 2033: 1985: 1970: 1943: 1802: 1777: 1733: 1729: 1165:Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington 27:1811 battle during the Peninsular War 7: 5107:Battles involving the United Kingdom 2671:, Greenhill Books (published 2004), 2402: 2354: 2303: 2291: 2267: 2243: 2192: 2162: 2150: 2123: 2099: 2087: 2048: 1879: 1839: 1831: 1819: 1790: 1725: 1713: 1620:launched the year after the battle. 1525:his life and was finally secured by 596:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811 524:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808 4826:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 1632:Surveyor General of South Australia 1128:, was besieged by French troops of 2492:, Penguin Books (published 2003), 2428:"Placename Details: Barossa Range" 1712:brig as a 'suspicious character' ( 25: 1642:region) in memory of the battle. 1189:Battle of Barrosa order of battle 5064: 4701:Frederick William III of Prussia 4681:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 2770: 1862:, p. 400) states 25 August. 1496:. These were prime targets for 1019: 1002: 985: 958: 941: 924: 900: 893: 886: 558:Second invasion of Portugal 1809 241: 223: 211: 186: 168: 156: 144: 55:Battle of Chiclana, 5 March 1811 48: 4821:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 4751:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 343:Siege of Cádiz, 1810–1812 4736:Prince Regent John of Portugal 4646:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 4591:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 4586:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 2731:Torrens, H (9 November 1811), 1597:In November 1811, the British 1234:bridge from the Isla de León. 1224:José Pascual de Zayas y Chacón 1: 5117:Military history of Andalusia 5112:Battles of the Peninsular War 4761:Prince Charles John of Sweden 2536:A History of the British Army 2436:Government of South Australia 464:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795 2556:, Pimlico (published 2002), 2756:Wellington in the Peninsula 2741:, no. 16539, p. 2 2539:, vol. VIII, Macmillan 1253:Antonio Begines de los Ríos 503:Mediterranean Campaign 1798 5143: 5102:Battles involving Portugal 4596:Frederick I of Württemberg 2966:Confederation of the Rhine 2513:, UK: IFBT, archived from 1612:from the battle including 1371:Alison's History of Europe 1186: 1117: 1061:Battle of Cerro del Puerco 4756:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 4746:William, Prince of Orange 4556:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 2885:French Invasion of Russia 2851: 2733:"Horse-Guards Memorandum" 2708:Parkinson, Roger (1973), 2488:Esdaile, Charles (2002), 2432:Property Location Browser 459: 349: 281: 256: 201: 134: 64: 47: 39: 5092:Battles involving France 4666:Archduke John of Austria 4661:Prince von Schwarzenberg 4506:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 2626:Jackson, Andrew (2001), 2571:Glover, Michael (1974), 1500:rounds fired by the ten 1414: 1369:Map of the battle, from 1313:to storm the bridgehead 1148:ignored orders from the 5097:Battles involving Spain 4601:Frederick VI of Denmark 4551:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 3341:Greater Poland uprising 3164:Duc d'Enghien Execution 2605:Haythornthwaite, Philip 2468:Bodart, Gaston (1908), 2090:, p. 98, footnote. 1772:Ruffin later spoke of " 1658:, HarperCollins, 2006, 1630:, who later became the 1480: 1331:Eugène-Casimir Villatte 1265:Louis Victorin Cassagne 517:War of the Oranges 1801 481:Sant Llorenç de la Muga 299:3,000 killed or wounded 290:2,800 killed or wounded 4721:Ferdinand VII of Spain 3169:Coronation of Napoleon 2507:Fletcher, Ian (1999), 1610:have taken their names 1455: 1373: 1339:François Amable Ruffin 1294: 1207: 1048: 202:Commanders and leaders 59:Louis-François Lejeune 5008:Conference of Dresden 4917:Paris (February 1812) 4846:Swedish–Norwegian War 4671:Alexander I of Russia 2651:, The Napoleon Series 2552:Gates, David (1986), 1892:Haythornthwaite (2004 1874:, p. 62) writes 1728:, pp. 103–104. 1640:Barossa Valley (wine) 1453: 1368: 1292: 1201: 1136:under the command of 1046: 282:Casualties and losses 4962:Fontainebleau (1814) 4516:Louis-Nicolas Davout 3437:Invasion of Portugal 2790:Battle of the Gebora 2779:at Wikimedia Commons 2754:Weller, Jac (1962), 2645:Muzás, Luis (2005), 2391:Haythornthwaite 2004 2328:Haythornthwaite 2004 1793:, pp. 119–120). 1716:, p. 104, footnote). 1638:(home to the modern 1379:King's German Legion 1037: current battle 248:Claude Victor-Perrin 4988:Bourbon Restoration 4731:Maria I of Portugal 4716:Prince of Hohenlohe 4706:Gebhard von Blücher 3649:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 2956:Swiss Confederation 2611:, Chrysalis Books, 2405:, pp. 127–128. 2381:, pp. 124–125. 2357:, pp. 125–128. 2294:, pp. 119–122. 2270:, pp. 118–119. 2246:, pp. 113–117. 2195:, pp. 108–110. 2165:, pp. 107–108. 2126:, pp. 103–107. 2036:, pp. 121–122. 1651:Cornwell, Bernard, 1343:Jean François Leval 536:Padrões de Teixeira 103: / 82:Playa de la Barrosa 5003:Continental System 4998:Congress of Erfurt 4922:Paris (March 1812) 4696:Peter Wittgenstein 4621:Duke of Wellington 4576:Prince Poniatowski 4541:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 4526:Auguste de Marmont 3921:Arroyo dos Molinos 3769:Walcheren Campaign 3759:Armistice of Znaim 3654:Dalmatian Campaign 3579:Tyrolean Rebellion 2799:Battle of Barrosa 2712:The Peninsular War 2490:The Peninsular War 2442:on 7 December 2015 2102:, pp. 99–102. 1456: 1383:Samuel Whittingham 1374: 1295: 1239:Lieutenant-General 1230:from Cádiz, via a 1208: 1057:Battle of Chiclana 1049: 704:Arroyo dos Molinos 107:36.3719°N 6.1765°W 18:Battle of Chiclana 5127:March 1811 events 5122:Conflicts in 1811 5052: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5040:Types of military 4836:Russo-Turkish War 4831:Russo-Persian War 4799:Anglo-Turkish War 4794:Anglo-Swedish War 4789:Anglo-Spanish War 4784:Anglo-Russian War 4711:Duke of Brunswick 4614:political leaders 4494:political leaders 4478: 4477: 3483:Medina de Rioseco 3205:Haslach-Jungingen 3139:French Revolution 3116: 3115: 2899:Seventh Coalition 2812: 2811: 2802:Succeeded by 2777:Battle of Barrosa 2775:Media related to 2723:978-1-84022-228-9 2700:978-1-84415-290-2 2678:978-1-85367-618-5 2665:Oman, Sir Charles 2618:978-1-85753-329-3 2582:978-0-14-139041-3 2563:978-0-7126-9730-9 2517:on 14 August 2007 2282:, pp. 57–58. 2231:, pp. 53–54. 2114:, pp. 45–46. 1676:Explanatory notes 1664:978-0-06-053048-8 1415:Graham's response 1355:Prince of Anglona 1242:Sir Thomas Graham 1194:Prelude to battle 1104:Sir Thomas Graham 1053:Battle of Barrosa 874: 873: 407: 406: 306: 305: 130: 129: 35:Battle of Barrosa 16:(Redirected from 5134: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5060: 4816:Dano-Swedish War 4804:Anglo-Danish War 4656:Archduke Charles 4571:Jérôme Bonaparte 4487: 4420:Castel di Sangro 4329:Fère-Champenoise 3982:García Hernández 3896:Fuentes de Oñoro 3412:Guttstadt-Deppen 3149:Second Coalition 3127: 3108:French Royalists 2915: 2864:Fourth Coalition 2838: 2831: 2824: 2815: 2806:Battle of Pombal 2786:Preceded by 2783: 2774: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2726: 2715: 2703: 2681: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2632:, Peninsular war 2621: 2585: 2566: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2525: 2524: 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1931:, p. 422. 1911: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1897:London Gazette 1884: 1864: 1844: 1824: 1811: 1795: 1782: 1765: 1751: 1738: 1718: 1701: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1647: 1644: 1594: 1591: 1553: 1550: 1535: 1534:French retreat 1532: 1482: 1479: 1447: 1444: 1416: 1413: 1394: 1391: 1362: 1359: 1261:Medina-Sidonia 1220:Manuel la Peña 1195: 1192: 1187:Main article: 1184: 1181: 1138:Marshal Victor 1120:Siege of Cádiz 1118:Main article: 1115: 1112: 1096:Marshal Victor 1069:Peninsular War 1065:siege of Cádiz 1033: 1032: 1025: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1001: 996: 991: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 957: 952: 947: 940: 935: 930: 923: 918: 913: 906: 899: 892: 885: 884: 880:Peninsular war 878: 877: 876: 872: 871: 869: 868: 866:Banda Oriental 863: 858: 856:Guerra de 1801 852: 851: 846: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 809: 808: 804: 803: 798: 797: 796: 791: 786: 781: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 709:Ciudad Rodrigo 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 675: 674: 670: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 598: 597: 593: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 561: 560: 554: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 527: 526: 520: 519: 513: 512: 506: 505: 499: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 467: 466: 460: 457: 456: 439: 437: 436: 429: 422: 414: 405: 404: 402: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 347: 346: 340:Peninsular War 337: 335: 334: 327: 320: 312: 304: 303: 301: 300: 296: 294: 292: 291: 287: 284: 283: 279: 278: 276: 275: 271: 269: 267: 266: 262: 259: 258: 254: 253: 251: 250: 237: 235: 233: 232: 220: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 182: 180: 178: 177: 165: 153: 151:United Kingdom 140: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 127: 126:Allied victory 124: 120: 119: 80: 78: 74: 73: 70: 62: 61: 45: 44: 42:Peninsular War 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5139: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5087:1811 in Spain 5085: 5084: 5082: 5072: 5062: 5058: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976:Miscellaneous 4974: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Manuel Lapeña 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4581:Prince Eugène 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:André Masséna 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511:Joachim Murat 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4455:Rocheserviere 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4143:San Sebastián 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3704:Sankt Michael 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3619:Teugen-Hausen 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2921:client states 2916: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687:Paget, Julian 2684: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2650: 2649: 2643: 2631: 2630: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2499:0-14-027370-0 2495: 2491: 2486: 2474: 2473: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2393:, p. 99. 2392: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2342:, p. 66. 2341: 2336: 2333: 2330:, p. 37. 2329: 2324: 2321: 2318:, p. 62. 2317: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2258:, p. 46. 2257: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139:Fletcher 1999 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2081: 2078:, p. 41. 2077: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2051:, p. 98. 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1973:, p. 36. 1972: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860:Esdaile (2002 1857: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1697:Esdaile (2002 1694: 1690: 1685: 1682: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1654:Sharpe's Fury 1650: 1649: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1636:Barossa Range 1633: 1629: 1628:William Light 1624: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1599:Prince Regent 1592: 1590: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1579:court-martial 1574: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1521:Keogh of the 1520: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1452: 1446:Barrosa Ridge 1445: 1443: 1441: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1393:French attack 1392: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1315:entrenchments 1312: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1204:Thomas Graham 1200: 1193: 1190: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1154:Ferdinand VII 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130:Marshal Soult 1127: 1121: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1045: 1028: 1022: 1005: 988: 961: 944: 927: 896: 889: 881: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 853: 849: 848: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 806: 805: 802: 799: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 770: 769:San Sebastián 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 676: 672: 671: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 647:Foz de Arouce 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 595: 594: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 559: 556: 555: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 525: 522: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 507: 504: 501: 500: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 465: 462: 461: 458: 453: 447: 446:Revolutionary 443: 435: 430: 428: 423: 421: 416: 415: 412: 400: 399:Triana Bridge 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 348: 341: 333: 328: 326: 321: 319: 314: 313: 310: 298: 297: 295: 289: 288: 286: 285: 280: 273: 272: 270: 264: 263: 261: 260: 255: 249: 239: 238: 236: 231: 230:Manuel Lapeña 221: 219: 218:Thomas Graham 209: 208: 206: 205: 200: 194: 184: 183: 181: 176: 166: 164: 154: 152: 142: 141: 139: 138: 133: 125: 122: 121: 116: 87: 83: 79: 76: 75: 71: 68: 67: 63: 60: 56: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 5023:Grande Armée 4983:Bibliography 4967:Paris (1815) 4927:Paris (1814) 4912:Paris (1810) 4892:Finckenstein 4867:Campo Formio 4626:Rowland Hill 4612:military and 4492:military and 4465:Rocquencourt 4334:Saint-Dizier 4304:Bar-sur-Aube 4259:Mincio River 3860: 3754:Schöngrabern 3533:2nd Zaragoza 3473:1st Zaragoza 3427:Stralsund II 3276:Campo Tenese 3250:Schöngrabern 3235:Cape Ortegal 3185:Diamond Rock 3063:Papal States 2897: 2890: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2804: 2795: 2788: 2755: 2743:, retrieved 2736: 2711: 2690: 2668: 2653:, retrieved 2647: 2634:, retrieved 2628: 2608: 2590: 2572: 2553: 2543:13 September 2541:, retrieved 2535: 2519:, retrieved 2515:the original 2509: 2489: 2477:, retrieved 2471: 2462:Bibliography 2451: 2444:. Retrieved 2440:the original 2431: 2422: 2415:Torrens 1811 2410: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2335: 2323: 2311: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2263: 2251: 2224: 2212: 2205:Jackson 2001 2200: 2158: 2146: 2119: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2029: 2022:Jackson 2001 2017: 2010:Esdaile 2002 2005: 1998:Jackson 2001 1993: 1966: 1895: 1887: 1875: 1867: 1856:Glover (1974 1847: 1835: 1827: 1814: 1807:Glover (1974 1798: 1785: 1773: 1768: 1754: 1747:Jackson 2001 1741: 1721: 1704: 1693:Glover (1974 1689:Esdaile 2002 1684: 1652: 1625: 1622: 1615: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1575: 1563: 1555: 1541: 1537: 1511: 1487: 1484: 1461: 1457: 1436: 1422:guerrilleros 1420: 1418: 1400: 1396: 1375: 1370: 1347: 1319: 1308: 1296: 1286:, to Cádiz. 1276:Casas Viejas 1273: 1250: 1236: 1209: 1202:Portrait of 1169: 1160: 1158: 1146:Alburquerque 1123: 1108: 1081: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1050: 784:Roncesvalles 683: 617:Trant's raid 373: 135:Belligerents 72:5 March 1811 54: 40:Part of the 29: 4851:War of 1812 4809:Gunboat War 4766:Louis XVIII 4521:Jean Lannes 4435:Quatre Bras 4425:San Germano 4375:Occhiobello 4264:Champaubert 4254:La Rothière 4178:San Marcial 4062:2nd Polotsk 4027:1st Polotsk 4012:Majadahonda 3952:Villagarcia 3881:Campo Maior 3669:Piave River 3594:Ciudad Real 3584:Villafranca 3453:Dos de Mayo 3402:Stralsund I 3154:18 Brumaire 3088:Netherlands 2986:Württemberg 2655:8 September 2636:3 September 2521:3 September 1959:Glover 1974 1929:Bodart 1908 1852:Weller 1962 1803:Muzás (2005 1761:Glover 1974 1749:, para. 2). 1734:Gates (1986 1730:Paget (1990 1440:skirmishers 1067:during the 744:Tordesillas 734:Majadahonda 714:3rd Badajoz 689:2nd Badajoz 679:1st Badajoz 657:2nd Almeida 607:1st Almeida 486:Villelongue 110: / 5081:Categories 4993:Casualties 4907:Schönbrunn 4882:Artlenburg 4631:John Moore 4536:Michel Ney 4405:Scapezzano 4395:Cesenatico 4339:Montmartre 4269:Montmirail 4203:Wartenburg 4158:Großbeeren 4017:Gorodechno 4007:Klyastitsy 3987:Saltanovka 3876:Casal Novo 3749:Hollabrunn 3734:Korneuburg 3528:Somosierra 3432:Copenhagen 3255:Austerlitz 3245:Dürenstein 2981:Westphalia 2924:and allies 2446:25 October 2417:, para. 2. 2379:Paget 1990 2217:Paget 1990 2207:, para. 5. 2178:Gates 1986 2141:, para. 8. 2064:Paget 1990 2034:Paget 1990 2024:, para. 2. 2000:, para. 1. 1986:Gates 1986 1971:Paget 1990 1944:Gates 1986 1880:Oman (1911 1778:Paget 1990 1710:Royal Navy 1671:References 1646:In fiction 1606:Royal Navy 1489:voltigeurs 1310:voltigeurs 1300:bridgehead 1142:battalions 1132:'s I 1114:Background 993:Fuengirola 749:San Millan 642:Casal Novo 476:2nd Boulou 394:2nd Bornos 384:1st Bornos 364:Fuengirola 359:Montellano 95:36°22′19″N 4957:Casalanza 4932:Tauroggen 4887:Pressburg 4872:Lunéville 4777:conflicts 4610:Coalition 4460:La Suffel 4410:Tolentino 4294:Montereau 4279:Vauchamps 4228:Bornhöved 4183:Dennewitz 4128:Tarragona 4077:Chashniki 3977:Salamanca 3901:Tarragona 3825:Barquilla 3779:Almonacid 3739:Stockerau 3709:Stralsund 3679:2nd Porto 3659:Ebelsberg 3629:Abensberg 3599:1st Porto 3559:Castellón 3543:Benavente 3508:Valmaseda 3422:Friedland 3417:Heilsberg 3387:Ostrołęka 3377:Mohrungen 3311:Magdeburg 3240:Amstetten 3225:Trafalgar 3210:Elchingen 3195:Wertingen 3093:Brunswick 3018:Coalition 2403:Oman 1911 2355:Oman 1911 2304:Oman 1911 2292:Oman 1911 2268:Oman 1911 2244:Oman 1911 2193:Oman 1911 2163:Oman 1911 2151:Oman 1911 2124:Oman 1911 2100:Oman 1911 2088:Oman 1911 2049:Oman 1911 1908:Citations 1840:Oman 1911 1832:Oman 1911 1820:Oman 1911 1791:Oman 1911 1726:Oman 1911 1714:Oman 1911 1571:Salamanca 1559:rearguard 1552:Aftermath 1387:artillery 1305:companies 1246:Algeciras 1177:Andalusia 1085:had been 729:Salamanca 602:River Côa 590:2nd Porto 575:1st Porto 98:6°10′35″W 5028:Uniforms 4942:Chaumont 4860:Treaties 4561:Joseph I 4501:Napoleon 4445:Waterloo 4385:Casaglia 4349:Toulouse 4233:Sehested 4208:Bidassoa 4188:2nd Kulm 4173:1st Kulm 4163:Katzbach 4153:Sorauren 4148:Pyrenees 4113:Castalla 4097:Berezina 4087:Smoliani 4057:Tarutino 4042:Borodino 4032:Valutino 4022:Smolensk 3992:Ostrovno 3962:Maguilla 3926:Valencia 3916:Saguntum 3764:Talavera 3644:Ratisbon 3634:Landshut 3609:Bergisel 3604:Medellín 3518:Espinosa 3478:Valencia 3351:Czarnowo 3321:Pasewalk 3316:Prenzlau 3291:Saalfeld 3230:Caldiero 3200:Günzburg 3078:Sardinia 3053:Portugal 2745:21 April 2689:(1990), 2667:(1911), 2607:(2004), 2593:, 2019, 2533:(1917), 1878:, while 1527:Sergeant 1498:shrapnel 1409:emplaced 1335:division 1326:dragoons 1322:squadron 1284:Chiclana 1269:regiment 1087:invested 1073:division 910:100miles 850:Overseas 838:Toulouse 813:Bidassoa 789:Sorauren 774:Pyrenees 764:Pamplona 699:El Bodón 637:Condeixa 580:Amarante 442:Portugal 257:Strength 175:Portugal 77:Location 4775:Related 4354:Bayonne 4319:Craonne 4289:Mormant 4249:Brienne 4223:Nivelle 4213:Leipzig 4168:Dresden 4138:Vitoria 4123:Bautzen 4092:Krasnoi 4037:Mesoten 3997:Vitebsk 3957:Almaraz 3947:Badajoz 3906:Albuera 3891:Almeida 3886:Sabugal 3871:Redinha 3861:Barrosa 3840:Bussaco 3835:Almeida 3815:Astorga 3784:Tamames 3744:Gefrees 3699:Alcañiz 3639:Eckmühl 3569:Corunna 3538:Sahagún 3503:Zornoza 3498:Vimeiro 3468:Cabezón 3392:Kolberg 3361:Pułtusk 3356:Golymin 3346:Hamelin 3326:Stettin 3286:Schleiz 3131:Prelude 3123:battles 3098:Hanover 3043:Prussia 3033:Austria 2971:Bavaria 2951:Etruria 2946:Holland 2918:France, 2911:gerents 2510:Barrosa 1616:Barrosa 1583:politic 1545:isthmus 1465:columns 1432:Colonel 1428:General 1404:hussars 1353:of the 1351:brigade 1232:pontoon 1212:Marshal 1173:Badajoz 966:Barrosa 843:Bayonne 818:Nivelle 794:Lizasso 754:Vitoria 719:Almaraz 684:Barrosa 652:Sabugal 632:Redinha 612:Bussaco 551:Vimeiro 496:Bascara 491:Capmany 444:in the 374:Barrosa 5057:Portal 4952:Mantua 4902:Cintra 4897:Tilsit 4877:Amiens 4415:Ancona 4400:Pesaro 4370:Panaro 4299:Orthez 4284:Garris 4198:Roßlau 4193:Göhrde 4133:Luckau 4118:Lützen 4082:Vyazma 4052:Burgos 4047:Moscow 4002:Kobryn 3911:Usagre 3866:Pombal 3856:Gebora 3729:Wagram 3689:Tarvis 3664:Girona 3624:Raszyn 3614:Sacile 3523:Tudela 3513:Burgos 3493:Roliça 3488:Bailén 3407:Mileto 3397:Danzig 3336:Lübeck 3301:Erfurt 3220:Verona 3103:Nassau 3083:Sweden 3073:Persia 3058:Sicily 3038:Russia 3020:forces 3003:Persia 2976:Saxony 2961:Naples 2931:France 2909:Belli- 2720: 2697: 2675: 2615: 2597: 2579: 2560: 2496: 2479:27 May 1662: 1618:(1812) 1608:ships 1593:Legacy 1519:Ensign 1504:under 1502:cannon 1494:square 1474:musket 1361:Battle 1216:Tarifa 1126:Madrid 1092:Tarifa 1035: 932:Bornos 915:Tarifa 861:Guiana 833:Orthez 828:Garris 801:Buenza 759:Tolosa 739:Burgos 694:Usagre 627:Pombal 565:Chaves 546:Roliça 471:Toulon 389:Tarifa 274:10,000 265:12,000 193:France 123:Result 5071:Spain 5018:Films 4450:Wavre 4440:Ligny 4430:Gaeta 4390:Ronco 4380:Carpi 4344:Paris 4314:Reims 4218:Hanau 3810:Cádiz 3789:Ocaña 3774:Ölper 3719:María 3684:Wörgl 3674:Grijó 3574:Valls 3564:Uclés 3458:Bruch 3382:Eylau 3306:Halle 3281:Maida 3271:Gaeta 3121:Major 3048:Spain 3008:Spain 2941:Italy 2453:1811. 1604:Four 1566:Keats 1515:eagle 1506:Major 1280:Vejer 1257:Ronda 1228:sally 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