1264:
241:
229:
210:
198:
1019:
162:
1089:
844:
time for the Main
Battery to fire these two rounds, due to their slow reload time with only 30 untrained recruits manning them at the time. Only one gun crew of actual artillerymen was available, and two guns could only be made operational by splitting the real gunners between the two guns and using non-combatant privates to assist the gunners. The personnel pressed into service on the main guns included cooks woken up to man the Main Battery. There was no time to reload; there was not even time to fire the third gun,
54:
741:
183:
147:
828:
727:
battery in 1909, knew the ageing weapons well. When
Anderssen had been called back into duty a month previously, he had been a pensioner for 13 years, having originally retired from his post as commander of the torpedo battery in 1927. The battery had three torpedo tunnels which could fire six torpedoes without reloading and a total of nine torpedoes were stored and ready for use.
880:, the secondary Norwegian coastal batteries fired at her with guns ranging in calibre from the two small 57 mm (2.24 in) pieces at Husvik, intended to protect the fortress' missing mine barrier, to the three 15 cm (5.9 in) guns of the Kopås Battery on the eastern side of the fjord. The larger guns wrought havoc on board
1135:, were eventually moved to a nearby farm and placed under light guard. None of the prisoners were interrogated. By 18:30, the Norwegian soldiers withdrew from the area, abandoning the Germans. Engelbrecht and Kummetz then made their way to Oslo. The leading German officers reached Oslo at 22:00, moving into the
1187:, the 15 cm guns of the Kopås battery scoring three hits and knocking out the ship's forward 28 cm turret ("Anton"). Kopås kept firing at the retreating ships until they disappeared in the mist at a range of around 3,000 m (3,300 yd). After pulling out of range of the fortress guns,
1180:) assumed the flagship had hit mines and at 04:40 the decision was made for the flotilla to turn back and land the invasion forces out of range of the Oscarsborg batteries. The planned coup against Oslo to force the surrender of the Norwegian government was replaced by a land advance up the Oslofjord.
1062:
sank bow first into the depths of the
Oslofjord, first lying over on her port side, then turning upside-down and finally succumbing with her screws the last to disappear below the surface. After the ship had disappeared from the surface, large quantities of oil floated up and covered the close to two
843:
right in front of the aft mast, and set the midship area up to the fore mast on fire. The second 28 cm round hit the base of one of the forward 20.3 cm (8.0 in) gun turrets shortly thereafter, throwing large parts of it into the fjord and igniting further fires on board. There was only
808:
be fired first, as had been the case at the Rauøy
Fortress and the Bolærne Fortress further down the fjord. Colonel Eriksen later explained his decision by alluding to the fact that the German naval force already had forced their way past the fortresses further south in the Oslofjord and had received
892:
passed in front of it and fired her light AA guns directly down into the positions. Although the main building at the battery caught fire, the
Norwegians suffered no casualties. In all, thirteen 15 cm rounds and around thirty 57 mm shells hit the German cruiser as it passed the guns of the
1357:
The garrison at the main battery and at Håøya were treated separately by the
Germans from those captured from the mainland batteries, and were released a week after the battle. The soldiers and non-commissioned officers captured at the mainland batteries were released three days after the fortress'
1313:
the remaining
Norwegian anti-aircraft guns, forcing the crew to seek shelter in the nearby forest at around 14:00. In all, the fortress was subjected to nearly nine hours of air attack, during which time around five hundred bombs—ranging from 50–200 kg (110–440 lb) in size—were dropped on
1002:
amidships, hitting the same general area as the first 28 cm shell. This caused catastrophic damage to the cruiser and blew open many of her bulkheads, allowing water to flood her decks while she was burning furiously. The third torpedo launcher was left loaded in case more ships were to follow
726:
past the outer fortifications in the south of the
Oslofjord, late at night on 8 April, Eriksen called Anderssen in and had him come down to the fortress. Anderssen donned his old uniform and was transported by boat over the fjord to the torpedo battery. Anderssen, having first served at the torpedo
641:, that had been relegated to training coastal artillery servicemen, leading the Germans to disregard its defensive value. However, unbeknownst to German military intelligence, the fortress' most powerful weapon was a torpedo battery, which would be used to great effect against the German invaders.
986:
Anderssen pushed the firing mechanism button for the torpedoes, at approximately 04:30, the weapons turned out to work perfectly; first one and then another torpedo raced out of their underwater exit tunnels at 3 m (9.8 ft) below the surface toward the burning warship. As
Anderssen had
1378:
In one of the more peculiar battles of the war, a hundred year old fortification, manned by raw recruits and pensioners and armed with 40- to 50-year-old weaponry of German and Austro-Hungarian manufacture, had destroyed a ship so new that its crew was still finishing training. Oscarsborg had
954:
was ineffective, with the light artillery mostly pointing too high and the main batteries, 20.3 cm guns, unable to fire due to the damage caused by the second 28 cm round from
Oscarsborg's Main Battery. The shelling lasted only for five to seven minutes. When the guns on both sides
813:
1296:
at Seiersten Battery, as well as another four Colt M/29 7.92 mm AA machine guns at Håøya Battery, but again there were no Norwegian casualties. Initially, four machine guns on the roof of the Main Battery also returned fire, but these had to be abandoned early on.
809:
both warning shots and live rounds from these more outlying coastal fortifications. As the vessels had continued up the fjord toward the capital, Eriksen was of the opinion that he had the right to consider them enemy warships and to engage them as such.
1353:
south of Drøbak, Colonel Eriksen decided that further fighting without adequate infantry support was in vain, and agreed to a ceasefire in the evening of 9 April. The fortress was surrendered intact on the morning of 10 April.
1379:
fulfilled its mission and denied an invader access to the capital. Even though it and the country were ultimately captured and occupied, the effects of delaying the German advance were immediate and considerable. On board
1143:
for medical care, where Norwegian wounded had already been brought. The hotel was the temporary improvised location for the Royal Norwegian Navy Hospital, which had been evacuated from Horten at midnight on 8 April.
867:
on that deck were blown out and the burning oil developed into an intense fire. The second 28 cm shell also knocked out the electricity central for the ship's main guns, rendering them unable to return fire.
2582:
1300:
One of the two 40 mm guns became unserviceable after only 22 rounds; the other gun kept firing until 12:00, but to little effect. After a break in the attacks from 12:00 to 13:30, during which time
966:
After passing the line of fire of the fortress' gun batteries, the cruiser was burning and severely damaged, but her captain still hoped he would be able to save his ship. At this point, however,
947:
at 04:10, but the massive communications problems that severely hampered the efforts of the Norwegian military throughout the Norwegian Campaign had prevented it from reaching Oscarsborg in time.
1051:, blowing a large gap in the ship's side. The magazine blast ruptured the bulkheads between the boiler rooms and tore open the cruiser's fuel bunkers, igniting further fires. By this point,
689:, almost all the soldiers manning the fortress were fresh recruits, having only been conscripted seven days before, on 2 April. Because of the influx of 450 fresh recruits, the fortress'
884:, while the 57 mm guns concentrated on the cruiser's superstructure and the anti-aircraft weapons, and were partially successful in suppressing the fire from her light artillery as
428:
1043:
s torpedoes were fired against land to avoid them exploding in the uncontrolled fires aboard. The crew's struggle ended when, at 05:30, fires reached a midship ammunition hold for the
911:
system was also knocked out by shell fragments from the two Norwegian batteries, making attempts to control the fires aboard the ship and rescue the many wounded much more difficult.
855:
was that the first round penetrated the side of the ship and exploded inside a magazine containing cans of oil, smoke dispensers, incendiary bombs, aircraft bombs for the cruiser's
1206:
During the battle, another burning ship was spotted in the distance from Oscarsborg, leading the Norwegian defenders to believe they had sunk another German warship in addition to
775:. Upon giving the command, Eriksen was questioned. He responded with his now famous response; "Either I will be decorated or I will be court martialled. Fire!" Two rounds from the
648:
in the sound and forcing the German fleet to fall back. The loss of the German flagship, which carried most of the troops and Gestapo agents intended to occupy Oslo, delayed the
1438:
923:
passed the fortress guns, a sudden outburst of voices from the burning cruiser could be heard above the battle noises; Norwegian sources state that the crew broke into singing
1122:
near Drøbak. The guardsmen were supposed to take all the Germans prisoner, but mainly focused on caring for the many wounded and dying. Around 1,000 of the Germans, including
2587:
1229:
to Oslo with a cargo of paper. As the small ship had mistaken the events as a military exercise, she kept going until fired upon and set ablaze by the German minesweepers
1443:
1403:
to govern until Stortinget could again assemble. Thus, the Norwegian government was able to continue the defence of Norway until it had evacuated to exile in the
1245:
was indeed lost in connection with the invasion, but only when she was on her way back to Germany on 14 April, when she was torpedoed by the Royal Navy submarine
1345:
Although the German naval attack on Oslo had been thwarted by the actions of Oscarsborg, the city was seized later that day by forces that were airlifted into
2524:
421:
2212:
Vi dro mot nord : felttoget i Norge i april 1940, skildret av tyske soldater og offiserer: (Oslo, Østfold, Akershus, Hedmark, Oppland, Møre og Romsdal)
1708:
2505:
796:
at 1,800 m (2,000 yd) range. The two Norwegian guns had been loaded with live, 255 kg (562 lb) high-explosive shells; firing them "
1392:
125:
1071:
Günther Morgalla—who survived the sinking—later said that, swimming toward his shivering crew mates onshore, he heard someone defiantly singing the
414:
2543:
1139:, though without most of the troops intended to occupy the capital. Many of the German wounded were initially taken to Åsgården summer hotel in
955:
silenced, with all the "passengers" still under deck—"there was a dead silence on board the whole ship, no movement whatsoever was identified".
701:
The commander of the torpedo battery at Oscarsborg had at the time of the battle been on sick leave since March 1940. Due to this, the retired
2448:
982:
manufacture. These torpedoes had been practice-launched well over 200 times before, but no one was certain if they would function or not. As
1662:
2532:
771:
At 04:21 on 9 April, Eriksen gave the Main Battery guns the order to fire at the lead ship of the unknown flotilla forcing its way towards
1616:
1241:
sank with two of her six-man crew near the village of Skiphelle in Drøbak, as the first civilian Norwegian ship lost during the invasion.
1063:
thousand sailors and soldiers fighting for their lives in the freezing water. The oil rapidly caught fire, killing hundreds more Germans.
2469:
2414:
2393:
2359:
2339:
2299:
2279:
2247:
2229:
2161:
974:
Andreas Anderssen as she slid past the torpedo battery at a range of only 500 m (550 yd). The torpedoes were 40-year-old
1036:
islets just north and out of the arc of fire of the fort's guns to try to fight the ferocious fires raging throughout the vessel.
693:
were not deployed on 9 April. Part of the recruits' training was to lay the mine barrier, a process planned for a few days later.
2508:
2182:
1282:
1263:
1160:
had long since turned around and retreated back down the fjord. Seeing the geysers of water from underwater explosions on
602:
541:
481:
2516:
2602:
1211:
2592:
2152:
1109:
649:
1787:
998:"), creating only inconsequential damage. The aim was corrected for the second torpedo launch and the torpedo struck
329:
682:, but that the government was inclined to side with the British in case of direct Norwegian involvement in the war.
2612:
2457:
1289:
1168:
627:
375:
309:
1174:
791:
614:
365:
299:
59:
2489:
1114:
1088:
703:
686:
662:
531:
486:
1718:
929:. Only at this point did it become clear to the men of the fortress whom they were fighting. Later, at 04:35,
752:
While the main combat station for the Main Battery and the commander of Oscarsborg fortress was on the island
2597:
1136:
1018:
723:
619:
461:
453:
110:
670:, had not received any clear orders and had received no notice as to whether the approaching warships were
1363:
1320:
675:
546:
121:
2147:
2064:
1400:
1346:
1334:
1285:
768:
Eriksen took position in the backup station on the eastern flank of the Main Battery at South Kaholmen.
279:
53:
2177:
1033:
900:
s steering gear and forced the cruiser's crew to steer her using the engines to avoid running aground.
753:
708:
521:
1210:. For some time after the battle, the belief was that Oscarsborg had sunk the artillery training ship
2313:
2123:
1704:
1425:
1384:
1367:
1359:
1216:. The reality, however, was that the burning ship was the 107 long tons (109 t) Norwegian cargo
864:
679:
630:
506:
319:
214:
1395:; the delay made it possible for all these to escape. On 9 April, Stortinget was able to convene at
740:
801:
634:
551:
536:
511:
466:
267:
2143:
1670:
1330:
934:
757:
556:
496:
491:
438:
41:
1140:
943:
confirming that the intruding ships were German. The message had been sent to the naval base in
722:, had been assigned as temporary commander for the battery. As an unidentified flotilla started
1749:
1611:
2465:
2444:
2410:
2389:
2355:
2335:
2295:
2275:
2243:
2225:
2157:
2131:
1128:
975:
937:
501:
476:
245:
2139:
1408:
1246:
1636:
1100:
In all, 650–800 Germans died, and 550 of the approximately 1,400 wet and cold survivors of
713:
1620:
1349:. In light of the fall of the capital, and with news of German landings at the village of
1118:(Captain) A. J. T. Petersson. In total, some 1,200 of the survivors had made it ashore at
1105:
1073:
1044:
979:
925:
526:
516:
1191:
employed her remaining turret "Bruno" to bombard the defenders from a range of 9–10
1026:
582:
86:
812:
2607:
2210:
2127:
1583:
1412:
1404:
820:
776:
745:
667:
563:
273:
219:
187:
1032:
With all engines knocked out by the second torpedo hit, the cruiser anchored near the
797:
17:
2576:
2135:
1315:
1220:
1217:
1196:
1165:
1132:
1067:
908:
316:
306:
296:
233:
202:
1314:
Oscarsborg. Amongst the bombers that attacked Oscarsborg were twenty-two long-range
2443:. Osprey Combat Aircraft. Vol. 1 (First ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1226:
1124:
1007:. After firing, the two other tubes were reloaded and readied for the next target.
856:
805:
671:
609:
598:
337:
326:
240:
228:
209:
197:
167:
45:
1713:
1350:
1293:
893:
fortress' secondary batteries. One of the 15 cm rounds from Kopås disabled
1281:
bombing later on the same day, to which the fortress could only reply with two
827:
652:
long enough for King Haakon VII and his government to escape from the capital.
2334:, Sjømilitære Samfund ved Forlaget Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen, Gjøvik 2005
1388:
860:
690:
594:
2558:
2545:
888:
slowly sailed past the fortress. The Husvik battery had to be abandoned when
2481:
1326:
1277:
1192:
832:
586:
90:
2533:
50 year anniversary Aftenposten newspaper article on the invasion of Norway
2222:
I skjærgården og på havet – Marinens krig 8. april 1940 – 8. mai 1945
987:
overestimated the speed of his target slightly, the first torpedo hit near
719:
638:
1795:
1366:
were released on 15 May, while the full-time officers were transferred to
1310:
644:
The fortress' armaments worked flawlessly despite their age, sinking the
117:
1396:
2388:, Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen, Hundvåg 2001
2294:, Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen, Hundvåg 1999
851:
The reason for the significant effect of the two 28 cm rounds on
944:
590:
406:
152:
94:
660:
As the political situation was chaotic, the 64-year-old commander,
1262:
1183:
As the force made good its escape, the fortress managed to damage
1119:
1087:
1017:
779:
739:
2354:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Sandefjord: Krigshistorisk Forlag.
1200:
1157:
772:
623:
1358:
surrender, while the officers were held as prisoners of war at
410:
2497:
1164:, and unaware of the torpedo battery, the commander of the
633:
and his government. The fleet was engaged in the fjord by
2274:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kystartilleriets Offisersforening.
622:, with the objective of seizing the Norwegian capital of
1225:
that had stumbled into the battle while on her way from
2583:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Norway
2525:
Norwegian Armed Forces website page about the fortress
1383:
were troops specially designated to capture the King,
2407:
Norges bedste Værn og Fæste – Nasjonale festningsverk
2372:
Kystartilleriet under den annen verdenskrig 1939–1945
2224:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Marinens krigsveteranforening.
1439:
List of Norwegian military equipment of World War II
2272:
Klar til strid – Kystartilleriet gjennom århundrene
1663:"Besøket på Oscarsborg festning lørdag 2 september"
1699:
1697:
2242:, Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2001
1444:List of German military equipment of World War II
2156:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. pp. 46–47.
1423:The battle is depicted in the 2016 feature film
27:Battle of World War II in the Norwegian Campaign
2424:
2403:
2382:
2368:
2328:
2311:
2288:
2255:
678:. He was well aware that Norway was officially
34:
2426:Tamelander, Michael & Zetterling, Niklas:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1479:
1477:
1079:Das kann doch einen Seemann nicht erschüttern.
933:Eriksen received a message from the Norwegian
1978:
1976:
1884:
1882:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1156:sank, the remaining naval force destined for
764:), due to the special circumstances in 1940,
618:was dispatched up the Oslofjord to begin the
593:, on 9 April 1940. It marked the end of the "
422:
8:
2332:Sjøkrigens skjebner – deres egne beretninger
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
2517:Oscarsborg Museum – history of the fortress
2482:Oscarsborg Fortress Museum official website
2320:, Forsvarets Krigshistoriske Avdeling, 1990
2109:
2107:
2088:
2086:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1815:
1813:
823:, the commander of Oscarsborg, 9 April 1940
800:" was a violation of the pre-war Norwegian
2238:Binder, Frank & Schlünz Hans Hermann:
2209:Arneberg, Sven T.; Kristian Hosar (1989).
1898:
1896:
1894:
1606:
1604:
1577:
1575:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
429:
415:
407:
31:
2588:Battles of World War II involving Germany
2428:9. april Nazitysklands invasjon av Norge
1391:(Norwegian Parliament) and the national
826:
811:
2409:, Wigestrand Forlag AS, Stavanger 2001
1752:(in Norwegian). Nasjonale Festningsverk
1455:
915:Identity of the intruders becomes known
2464:, Osprey Publishing Ltd., Oxford 2003
2405:Stangeland, Gro & Valebrokk, Eva:
1661:Hansvoll, Jan W. (15 September 2006).
1108:by soldiers from Company no. 4 of the
2441:Junkers Ju 87 Stukageschwader 1937–41
2261:, Vigmostad & Bjørke, Bergen 2006
637:, an aging coastal installation near
585:, the northernmost part of the outer
7:
2374:, Atheneum Forlag as, Vinterbro 1998
2259:Norsk Marinehistorisk Atlas 900–2005
1275:The fortress was subjected to heavy
2318:Oscarsborg festning – 9. april 1940
1415:laying down their arms on 10 June.
1309:bombers returned at 13:30 and soon
1092:German survivors, with the sinking
926:Deutschland, Deutschland über alles
2386:Sjøforsvaret dag for dag 1814–2000
1991:Tamelander&Zetterling 2001: 88
1888:Tamelander&Zetterling 2001: 87
1483:Stangeland&Valebrokk 2001: 260
25:
848:, which was loaded but unmanned.
2509:Norwegian Defence Estates Agency
2430:, Spartacus Forlag AS, Oslo 2001
2183:Norwegian Defence Estates Agency
1292:7.92 mm (0.312 in) AA
962:Anderssen launches the torpedoes
239:
227:
208:
196:
181:
160:
145:
52:
2215:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Aventura.
1370:and released in late May 1940.
839:The first 28 cm shell hit
756:north-west of South Kaholmen (
748:main battery guns at Oscarsborg
2186:(in Norwegian). 24 August 2016
1794:(in Norwegian). Archived from
1717:(in Norwegian). Archived from
1669:(in Norwegian). Archived from
835:and the fortress of Oscarsborg
1:
2462:German Heavy Cruisers 1939–45
2384:Sivertsen, Svein Carl (ed.):
2308:(to be quoted as Fjeld2 1999)
1667:Kongsberg Defence Association
994:s forward turret (nicknamed "
1610:Skovheim Shipwreck website:
1267:Oscarsborg's Hovedøya under
1045:10.5 cm (4.13 in)
685:Apart from the officers and
2490:Oscarsborg Fortress website
2153:Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45
790:engaged the German cruiser
2629:
2520:(in Norwegian and English)
1624:(in Norwegian and English)
1083:That cannot shake a sailor
872:Kopås and Husvik batteries
2425:
2404:
2383:
2369:
2329:
2312:
2289:
2256:
777:28 cm (11.0 in)
746:28 cm (11.0 in)
707:(Commander Senior Grade)
620:German invasion of Norway
612:fleet led by the cruiser
448:
388:
346:
254:
174:
137:
69:
51:
39:
2506:Oscarsborg Fortress, map
2240:Schwerer Kreuzer Blücher
1792:Lofoten Krigsminnemuseum
1305:bombarded Hovedøya, the
876:While fire raged aboard
65:sinking in the Oslofjord
2498:Website on the fortress
2350:Hauge, Andreas (1995).
2330:Hansen, Ola Bøe (ed.):
2257:Engdahl, Odd G. (ed.):
1286:anti-aircraft (AA) guns
1252:and sank the next day.
1148:Remaining ships retreat
1025:on fire and sinking in
863:and depth charges. The
597:" and the beginning of
2292:Kystartilleriet 100 år
2270:Fjeld, Odd T. (1999).
1982:Williamson 2003: 33–34
1619:20 August 2008 at the
1321:Sturzkampfgeschwader 1
1316:Junkers Ju 87R "Stuka"
1272:
1173:(the recently renamed
1110:Norwegian Royal Guards
1097:
1029:
970:entered the sights of
836:
824:
761:
749:
718:, who lived in nearby
579:Battle of Drøbak Sound
175:Commanders and leaders
35:Battle of Drøbak Sound
18:Battle of Drobak Sound
2314:Grimnes, Ole Kristian
2290:Fjeld, Odd T. (ed.):
2220:Berg, Ole F. (1997).
2124:Grimnes, Ole Kristian
2018:Arneberg 1989: 62, 65
1750:"1001 Hovedbatteriet"
1399:and give the cabinet
1385:the Norwegian cabinet
1337:in northern Germany.
1335:Kiel-Holtenau airport
1324:under the command of
1266:
1112:under the command of
1091:
1021:
950:The return fire from
830:
815:
743:
347:Casualties and losses
111:German invasion force
2352:Kampene i Norge 1940
1828:Ribsskog 1998: 50–51
1401:a wide authorization
1360:Fredriksten Fortress
1175:"pocket battleship"
919:As the now crippled
398:1 cargo ship damaged
118:Norwegian Parliament
2603:History of Akershus
2559:59.7009°N 10.5927°E
2555: /
2439:Weal, John (1997).
2370:Ribsskog, Asbjørn:
1920:Ribsskog 1998:45–50
1721:on 21 December 2007
1709:"Fra time til time"
1635:Lawson, Siri Holm.
1582:Lawson, Siri Holm.
802:rules of engagement
736:Main Battery rounds
635:Oscarsborg Fortress
106:Norwegian victory
2593:Norwegian campaign
2458:Williamson, Gordon
2045:Sivertsen 2001: 78
1798:on 16 October 2008
1673:on 16 October 2007
1331:Paul-Werner Hozzel
1273:
1203:) down the fjord.
1098:
1030:
837:
825:
750:
440:Norwegian campaign
392:4 civilians killed
280:anti-aircraft guns
116:Evacuation of the
42:Norwegian campaign
2613:April 1940 events
2450:978-1-84176-439-9
2027:Arneberg 1989: 65
1929:Grimnes 1990: 7–8
1844:Ribsskog 1998: 51
1777:Ribsskog 1998: 50
1707:(30 March 2004).
1560:Ribsskog 1998: 53
1544:Ribsskog 1998: 55
1426:The King's Choice
1368:Grini prison camp
1333:, operating from
1283:Bofors 40 mm L/60
1137:Hotel Continental
1129:Erwin Engelbrecht
1096:in the background
976:Whitehead torpedo
744:One of the three
709:Andreas Anderssen
656:Before the battle
650:German occupation
574:
573:
405:
404:
287:1 torpedo battery
284:2 protection guns
246:Erwin Engelbrecht
133:
132:
16:(Redirected from
2620:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:59.7009; 10.5927
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2454:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2400:
2397:
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2379:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2285:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2235:
2216:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2102:
2101:Weal 1997: 34–35
2099:
2093:
2090:
2081:
2080:Grimnes 1990: 15
2078:
2072:
2071:
2063:German-navy.de:
2061:
2055:
2054:Grimnes 1990: 14
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:Berg 1997: 12–13
1909:
1903:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1877:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1845:
1842:
1829:
1826:
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1784:
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1542:
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1520:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1364:reserve officers
1318:dive bombers of
1042:
993:
984:Kommandørkaptein
980:Austro-Hungarian
972:Kommandørkaptein
960:Kommandørkaptein
906:
899:
717:
704:Kommandørkaptein
542:Høljarast Bridge
443:
441:
431:
424:
417:
408:
244:
243:
232:
231:
223:
213:
212:
201:
200:
186:
185:
184:
170:
166:
164:
163:
155:
151:
149:
148:
71:
70:
56:
32:
21:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
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2573:
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2557:
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2519:
2511:
2500:
2492:
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2398:
2377:
2362:
2349:
2344:
2323:
2307:
2304:
2282:
2269:
2264:
2250:
2232:
2219:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2113:Fjeld 1999: 192
2112:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:Fjeld 1999: 191
2091:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:Hansen 2005: 72
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:Hansen 2005: 71
2008:
2004:
2000:Binder 2001: 89
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:Binder 2001: 77
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1861:
1848:
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1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1739:Hansen 2005: 48
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1705:Bjørnsen, Bjørn
1703:
1702:
1695:
1691:Hansen 2005: 49
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1621:Wayback Machine
1609:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1569:Fjeld 1999: 189
1568:
1564:
1559:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:Fjeld 1999: 160
1491:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1471:Fjeld 1999: 190
1470:
1457:
1452:
1435:
1421:
1376:
1347:Fornebu Airport
1343:
1261:
1199:; 5.6–6.2
1150:
1074:Deutschlandlied
1040:
1016:
991:
964:
917:
904:
897:
874:
859:reconnaissance
804:which dictated
762:Søndre Kaholmen
738:
733:
724:forcing its way
711:
699:
697:Torpedo battery
658:
575:
570:
444:
439:
437:
435:
401:
384:
342:
290:
250:
238:
226:
217:
215:Heinrich Woldag
207:
195:
182:
180:
161:
159:
158:
146:
144:
143:
97:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:1940 in Norway
2595:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2539:
2538:
2536:(in Norwegian)
2530:
2522:
2514:
2503:
2501:(in Norwegian)
2495:
2487:
2485:(in Norwegian)
2477:
2476:External links
2474:
2473:
2472:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2434:(in Norwegian)
2422:
2420:(in Norwegian)
2401:
2399:(in Norwegian)
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2378:(in Norwegian)
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2345:(in Norwegian)
2326:
2324:(in Norwegian)
2309:
2305:(in Norwegian)
2286:
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2265:(in Norwegian)
2253:
2236:
2230:
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2201:
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2197:
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2115:
2103:
2094:
2082:
2073:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1972:
1970:Hauge 1995: 38
1958:
1956:Hauge 1995: 37
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1890:
1878:
1876:Hauge 1995: 36
1864:
1862:Fjeld2 1999:36
1846:
1830:
1821:
1819:Hauge 1995: 35
1809:
1779:
1763:
1741:
1732:
1693:
1684:
1653:
1641:Warsailors.com
1637:"D/S Halden 1"
1627:
1600:
1588:Warsailors.com
1571:
1562:
1546:
1537:
1535:Hauge 1995: 42
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1473:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
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1420:
1419:Media adaption
1417:
1413:Norwegian Army
1405:United Kingdom
1375:
1372:
1342:
1339:
1260:
1254:
1195:(4.9–5.4
1149:
1146:
1015:
1009:
963:
957:
916:
913:
873:
870:
821:Birger Eriksen
737:
734:
732:
729:
698:
695:
668:Birger Eriksen
657:
654:
626:and capturing
603:Western Europe
581:took place in
572:
571:
569:
568:
561:
554:
549:
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539:
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411:
403:
402:
400:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
383:
382:
372:
362:
361:1,000 captured
359:
358:650-800 killed
355:
353:
349:
348:
344:
343:
341:
340:
334:
324:
314:
304:
293:
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270:
264:
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251:
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236:
224:
205:
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190:
188:Birger Eriksen
177:
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10:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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2504:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:1-84176-502-3
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2415:82-91370-35-4
2412:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2394:82-92217-03-7
2391:
2387:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2361:82-993369-0-2
2357:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2340:82-92217-22-3
2337:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2300:82-994738-6-1
2297:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2281:82-995208-0-0
2277:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2249:
2248:3-7822-0784-X
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:82-993545-2-8
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:"Kongens nei"
2173:
2170:
2165:
2163:82-02-14138-9
2159:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1938:Berg 1997: 10
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1902:Berg 1997: 13
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
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1879:
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1601:
1589:
1585:
1584:"M/K Sørland"
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
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1557:
1555:
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1328:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1308:
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1284:
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1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:heavy cruiser
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Oskar Kummetz
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:followed by "
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:Obergefreiter
1064:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1003:close behind
1001:
997:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
958:
956:
953:
948:
946:
942:
941:
936:
932:
928:
927:
922:
914:
912:
910:
909:fire-fighting
903:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
871:
869:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
842:
834:
829:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:
806:warning shots
803:
799:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
742:
735:
730:
728:
725:
721:
715:
710:
706:
705:
696:
694:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
655:
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642:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
567:
566:
562:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:
456:
451:
450:
447:
442:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
413:
412:
409:
397:
395:1 cutter sunk
394:
391:
390:
387:
380:
379:
378:
373:
370:
369:
368:
363:
360:
357:
356:
354:
351:
350:
345:
339:
335:
333:
332:
328:
325:
323:
322:
318:
317:Light cruiser
315:
313:
312:
308:
307:Heavy cruiser
305:
303:
302:
298:
297:Heavy cruiser
295:
294:
292:
286:
283:
281:
277:
275:
271:
269:
265:
262:
261:
259:
258:
253:
247:
242:
237:
235:
234:August Thiele
230:
225:
221:
216:
211:
206:
204:
203:Oskar Kummetz
199:
194:
193:
191:
189:
179:
178:
173:
169:
157:
154:
142:
141:
136:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
73:
72:
68:
64:
63:
62:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2540:
2528:(in English)
2512:(in English)
2493:(in English)
2461:
2440:
2427:
2406:
2385:
2371:
2351:
2331:
2317:
2291:
2271:
2258:
2239:
2221:
2211:
2203:Bibliography
2188:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2151:
2118:
2097:
2076:
2070:(in English)
2065:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1824:
1800:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1791:
1782:
1754:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1712:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1666:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:
1630:
1612:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:
1565:
1540:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1424:
1422:
1393:gold reserve
1380:
1377:
1356:
1344:
1325:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1294:machine guns
1276:
1274:
1268:
1256:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1152:By the time
1151:
1141:Åsgårdstrand
1131:and Admiral
1125:Generalmajor
1123:
1113:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1055:was doomed.
1052:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1027:Drøbak Sound
1022:
1012:
1004:
999:
995:
988:
983:
971:
967:
965:
959:
951:
949:
939:
930:
924:
920:
918:
901:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
875:
857:Arado Ar 196
852:
850:
845:
840:
838:
816:
792:
787:
783:
770:
765:
751:
702:
700:
684:
661:
659:
645:
643:
613:
607:
599:World War II
589:in southern
583:Drøbak Sound
578:
576:
564:
557:
547:Vinjesvingen
482:Kristiansand
472:Drøbak Sound
471:
454:
452:
376:
374:
366:
364:
338:minesweepers
330:
327:Torpedo boat
320:
310:
300:
274:coastal guns
138:Belligerents
126:gold reserve
122:Royal Family
105:
87:Drøbak Sound
77:9 April 1940
60:
58:
46:World War II
40:Part of the
29:
2562: /
2251:(in German)
1788:"9 april 3"
1714:Aftenposten
1411:, with the
1177:Deutschland
978:weapons of
935:minesweeper
861:floatplanes
712: [
691:naval mines
218: [
2577:Categories
2550:10°35′34″E
2547:59°42′03″N
2190:16 January
1802:31 January
1756:7 November
1725:16 January
1677:17 January
1646:16 January
1593:16 January
1519:Fjeld: 335
1510:Fjeld: 266
1501:Fjeld: 231
1450:References
1389:Stortinget
1288:and three
1058:At 06:22,
1034:Askholmene
819:(Colonel)
666:(Colonel)
631:Haakon VII
595:Phoney War
507:Midtskogen
455:Weserübung
2128:"Blücher"
1374:Aftermath
1341:Surrender
1327:Hauptmann
1307:Luftwaffe
1290:Colt M/29
1278:Luftwaffe
1269:Luftwaffe
1257:Luftwaffe
1247:HMS
865:bulkheads
833:Oslofjord
758:Norwegian
587:Oslofjord
537:Gratangen
522:Åndalsnes
462:Oslofjord
91:Oslofjord
2150:(eds.).
2148:Sørensen
2136:Hjeltnes
2126:(1995).
1617:Archived
1433:See also
1106:captured
798:in anger
558:Alphabet
552:Nordland
467:Egersund
268:fortress
255:Strength
82:Location
2144:Ringdal
2140:Nøkleby
2066:Brummer
1613:Sørland
1397:Elverum
1381:Blücher
1311:strafed
1259:bombing
1249:Sterlet
1243:Brummer
1239:Sørland
1222:Sørland
1213:Brummer
1208:Blücher
1162:Blücher
1154:Blücher
1115:Kaptein
1102:Blücher
1094:Blücher
1060:Blücher
1053:Blücher
1038:Blücher
1023:Blücher
1013:Blücher
1011:End of
1005:Blücher
1000:Blücher
989:Blücher
968:Blücher
952:Blücher
921:Blücher
902:Blücher
895:Blücher
890:Blücher
886:Blücher
882:Blücher
878:Blücher
853:Blücher
841:Blücher
831:Map of
793:Blücher
680:neutral
646:Blücher
615:Blücher
497:Arendal
492:Lofoten
477:Fornebu
381:damaged
367:Blücher
301:Blücher
168:Germany
113:delayed
61:Blücher
2468:
2447:
2413:
2392:
2358:
2338:
2298:
2278:
2246:
2228:
2160:
1409:7 June
1362:. The
1303:Lützow
1271:attack
1218:cutter
1189:Lützow
1185:Lützow
1170:Lützow
945:Horten
938:HNoMS
931:Oberst
817:Oberst
766:Oberst
731:Battle
720:Drøbak
676:Allied
672:German
663:Oberst
639:Drøbak
610:German
591:Norway
517:Namsos
512:Dombås
502:Narvik
487:Horten
377:Lützow
311:Lützow
165:
153:Norway
150:
124:, and
102:Result
95:Norway
2608:Frogn
2130:. In
1120:Frogn
1104:were
1041:'
996:Anton
992:'
905:'
898:'
846:Josva
784:Moses
782:guns
780:Krupp
754:Håøya
716:]
532:Hegra
321:Emden
222:]
2466:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2192:2017
2158:ISBN
2132:Dahl
1804:2009
1758:2008
1727:2017
1679:2017
1648:2017
1595:2017
1235:R-19
1233:and
1231:R-18
1227:Moss
1158:Oslo
1085:").
1081:" ("
1049:guns
1047:Flak
940:Otra
788:Aron
786:and
773:Oslo
687:NCOs
628:King
624:Oslo
577:The
565:Juno
527:Kvam
371:sunk
352:None
331:Möwe
74:Date
1407:on
1351:Son
1197:nmi
674:or
601:in
278:11
272:18
263:407
44:of
2579::
2460::
2316::
2180:.
2146:;
2142:;
2138:;
2134:;
2106:^
2085:^
1975:^
1961:^
1893:^
1881:^
1867:^
1849:^
1833:^
1812:^
1790:.
1766:^
1711:.
1696:^
1665:.
1639:.
1603:^
1586:.
1574:^
1549:^
1524:^
1476:^
1458:^
1429:.
1387:,
1237:.
1201:mi
1193:km
907:s
760::
714:no
608:A
605:.
336:2
266:1
220:de
120:,
93:,
89:,
2453:.
2364:.
2284:.
2234:.
2194:.
2166:.
1806:.
1760:.
1729:.
1681:.
1650:.
1597:.
430:e
423:t
416:v
20:)
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