369:
336:
2521:
1805:
2186:
2394:(Northern Seas fleet). The Chinese battleships were more powerful than any of the ships under Courbet's command, and in December 1883, foreseeing that war with China was imminent, the French persuaded the German government to detain them in the event of hostilities. The German government invented a number of plausible excuses for keeping the two battleships in port, and they remained in Germany for the duration of the Sino-French War. They were finally released in July 1885, and joined the Northern Seas fleet in October of the same year.
2537:
357:
323:
2370:
1970:
fire first. The French crews went to their action stations at 1:30 pm, after eating their midday meal. The
Chinese did not react to this obvious threat, and at 1:45 pm the flurry of activity aboard the French ships died down. For the next ten minutes the tension grew aboard the French ships as the minutes ticked away towards 2:00 pm. At 1:55 pm a Chinese mineboat advanced towards the French squadron. Courbet immediately ordered the attack to begin, only five minutes short of his original timetable.
910:. Twelve large junks were nearby, but did not take part in the battle. The French squadron displaced 14,500 tons and included 1,780 men, while the eleven warships in the Chinese fleet displaced 8,000 tons, and included 1,040 men. The French squadron was much better-led and better-armed than the Chinese fleet. Only a few of the Chinese ships were capable of offering serious resistance to Courbet's attack. The Chinese defence was under the command of the imperial commissioner
2124:
2616:
698:, an agreement designed to end several months of undeclared hostilities between France and China in Tonkin. On 23 June 1884, French troops advancing to occupy Lạng Sơn, in accordance with the terms of this agreement, clashed near the small town of Bắc Lệ with a detachment of the Chinese Guangxi Army. The Chinese opened fire on the advancing French, precipitating a two-day battle in which the French column was seriously mauled. This incident, the
2507:
2644:
2574:
1942:
680:
2595:
2656:
138:
2479:
2493:
36:
2553:
2465:
709:'s government demanded an apology, an indemnity, and the immediate implementation of the terms of the Tianjin Accord. The Chinese government agreed to negotiate, but refused to apologise or pay an indemnity. The mood in France was against compromise, and although negotiations continued throughout July, Admiral Courbet was ordered to take his squadron to Fuzhou (Foochow).
2264:
265:
2450:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2247:) batteries, known to the French as Fort Kimpai and the White Fort (Fort Blanc), were put out of action, and the French also inflicted heavy casualties on a number of Chinese field batteries and infantry formations. However, before its guns were destroyed the White Fort was able to inflict moderate damage on the French ironclad
2092:, hoping to kill Courbet and the officers of his entourage. Several sailors aboard the French cruiser were killed or wounded, and shortly after the start of the battle a roundshot ploughed through Courbet's command group on the flagship's bridge, killing the British pilot Thomas and only narrowly missing
1969:
On the morning of
Saturday 23 August, although the Chinese commanders knew that the French would launch their attack at around 2:00 pm, the sailors in both fleets went about their routine business. The ships of the Fujian Fleet made no attempt to redeploy or to anticipate the French attack by opening
2302:
Courbet estimated
Chinese casualties at between 2,000 and 3,000 dead. The commemorative tablets in a shrine erected shortly after the war at the Pagoda Anchorage to honour the Chinese dead list the names of 831 sailors and soldiers killed on 23 August, but this list does not include the hundreds of
2377:
One of the factors in the French victory at Fuzhou was that the French squadron had sailed up the Min River in time of peace. The
Chinese claimed after the battle, with some justification, that the French would never have been able to ascend the river if the two countries had been at war. A second
729:
Negotiations between France and China broke down in mid-August, and on the evening of 22 August
Courbet was authorised by the French government to commence hostilities. He duly notified the foreign consuls, the governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the commanders of several neutral warships
2397:
Some
Chinese historians have asserted that disunity in the Chinese command structure was an important factor in the Chinese defeat. The Chinese regional fleets and armies represented a considerable 'personal' investment of revenue and prestige that was used to leverage influence at court, and the
2294:
The
Chinese lost nine of the eleven ships of the Fujian Fleet. Some of the Chinese ships foundered where they were struck, sinking off the Pagoda anchorage and the Foochow Navy Yard. Others drifted downriver and either ran aground or sank between Losing Island and the Min'an pass. French officers
716:, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) downriver from Fuzhou at Mawei, and to attack the Chinese fleet in Mawei harbour. Ironically, the Foochow Navy Yard represented a substantial French investment in China's future, having been built several years earlier under the direction of the French administrator
1872:
Courbet's plan provided for overwhelming firepower to be deployed against the
Chinese fleet. He had noticed that the Chinese ships swung with the tide, and determined to make his attack just before the top of the tide at 2:00 pm on the following afternoon, Saturday 23 August, when with luck the
2009:
Their spar torpedoes expended, the two French torpedo boats drifted downriver after making their attack, towards the anchorage of the neutral vessels off Losing Island. Lieutenant Latour had been seriously wounded in the eye during the attack, but he refused an offer of medical assistance from
2274:
The losses of the French squadron in the course of the operations before Fuzhou and in the Min River were relatively light (10 dead and 48 wounded). Most of these casualties were inflicted not by shellfire during the engagement of 23 August but by sniper fire from
Chinese infantry during the
1932:
were to reduce the three ships of the
Chinese southern group, to engage the war junks from the flank, and to engage a battery armed with three Krupp cannon near the Pagoda, and three other batteries armed with Krupp cannon which protected the Arsenal. Their launches would be deployed to give
1880:
Assuming that the Chinese fleet did not change its position, Courbet's orders provided for the French ships to be at action stations at 1:45 pm and to go into action at around 2:00 pm, on his signal. The battle would begin with an attack by Torpedo Boats No. 45 and No. 46 on
2200:
On 25 August, after receiving the congratulations of the captains of the neutral warships on the professionalism displayed by the French squadron during the action of 23 August, Courbet began to lead his ships back down the Min River. The squadron's two heaviest ships,
2135:. Preparations were made for a landing, but Courbet then changed his mind, after observing that the Navy Yard was defended by organised groups of Chinese infantry. The attack was cancelled as the French sailors were on the point of climbing into their launches.
2162:, which drew too much water to enter the shallows off the Navy Yard except around high tide, Courbet was unable to destroy the Yard completely. He himself admitted in his official report that the damage done 'was not as much as I had hoped for'.
2224:) batteries, two Chinese shore batteries covering the approach to Fuzhou through the narrow Min'an Pass. The Chinese batteries, built to fire only on enemy ships approaching from the mouth of the river, were taken in reverse and destroyed by
1868:
lay downstream of the French squadron, dangerously isolated on the southwesterly leg of the river, in front of the Customs building. Their job seems to have been to protect the Customs building and to block Courbet's exit from the Min River.
3503:
2299:, anchored near the entrance to the Min River, saw three Chinese warships drifting downriver on the evening of 23 August, abandoned by their crews and blazing from stem to stern. One of the Chinese ships exploded in front of their eyes.
2251:, which had sailed up from Keelung to join Courbet's squadron and attempted unsuccessfully to fight its way into the Min River. Chinese infantry at the Jinpai pass also killed and wounded several French sailors aboard the gunboat
2005:
s torpedo launch and carried by boarding by Boué de Lapeyrère's sailors. She had already been set alight by French shellfire, and was eventually abandoned by the French prize crew and sank in the middle of the Min River.
3948:
3496:
3745:
720:. During the second half of July and the first half of August Courbet gradually concentrated his squadron in Mawei harbour, at the Pagoda Anchorage—named for a conspicuous Chinese pagoda, the Luoxingta (
3489:
780:
Only a fraction of the Far East squadron was present off the Pagoda Anchorage on the morning of 23 August. In particular, none of the Far East squadron's four ironclads was immediately available.
2306:
The Chinese imperial commissioner Zhang Peilun, who made no serious attempt to coordinate the resistance of the Fujian fleet, was degraded after the battle and replaced by the veteran general
2165:
The French squadron remained off Fuzhou during the night of 24 August. Once again the Chinese tried to make a night attack. At 4:00 am two Chinese torpedo launches tried to attack the gunboat
2426:, the governor-general of the two Guangs, arriving just in time to share the fate of their comrades in the forthcoming battle. However, Zhang did not release any of his own Guangdong ships.
1897:
would then concentrate on destroying a line of war junks and fireships drawn up just to the west of Losing Island. Once the attack by the torpedo boats had cleared the way, the gunboats
3941:
1856:, anchored just off the dockyard. The role of this northern group of ships was obviously to prevent the French from attacking the Navy Yard. Meanwhile, the armed wooden transports
1873:
Chinese ships would have swung away from the French ships and would be presenting their vulnerable sterns to the attackers. This timing was also important for another reason. If
472:
3738:
3934:
2422:, two Fujian vessels which had been loaned to the Guangdong Fleet in 1882 to observe French movements in the Gulf of Tonkin, were sent back to Fuzhou in early August by
1824:
The Chinese fleet was deployed into a northern group of eight ships and a southern group of three ships, with the French squadron lying in between. The wooden corvette
3458:
3731:
2827:
2520:
4571:
2115:
August the Chinese made a number of unsuccessful attacks with fireships on the French warships, obliging some of them to shift their anchorages to evade them.
2951:
REPORT OF VICE-ADMIRAL COURBET, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE SQUADRON OF THE EXTREME EAST, TO THE MINISTER OF MARINE AND THE COLONIES, Matsu, September 11, 1884
4491:
4224:
2235:
On 27 and 28 August the French squadron bombarded and destroyed the Chinese defences at the Jinpai pass near the entrance to the Min River. The Jinpai (
1848:
were deployed on the northwest curve of the river, between the French ships and the Foochow Navy Yard. A little behind them lay the unarmed transports
4192:
3109:
465:
235:
3225:
1804:
556:
1076:
4527:
853:
had been left at the Jinpai pass, at the entrance to the Min River, to stop the Chinese from laying a barrage to prevent the squadron's escape.
765:
2146:, 橫海), still under construction and lying on the slips. A certain amount of damage was inflicted, but without the support of the heavy guns of
4426:
3867:
3162:
2803:
1909:
would sail upriver towards the Navy Yard and take on the other ships of the Chinese northern group. Four steam launches under the command of
3451:
458:
2398:
respective fleet commanders were often loath to see these important assets diminished by war damage. The result, at Fuzhou, was that the
4576:
4370:
3908:
3757:
2131:
On the morning of 24 August Courbet issued orders for his ships' landing companies to go ashore with the naval engineers to destroy the
1004:
976:
2979:
773:
4062:
221:
155:
119:
445:
The total number of Chinese casualties stands at 2,000 or 3,000 for the entire battle (i.e. including the descent of the Min River)
2021:, which joined the French squadron only minutes before the battle began, were making short work of the rest of the Chinese fleet.
4052:
3245:
1913:
571:
2956:
443:
French casualties include all casualties from 23 to 31 August 1884 (i.e. both at Fuzhou and during the descent of the Min River)
4022:
3444:
782:
202:
100:
4072:
4397:
3539:
3534:
174:
159:
72:
57:
50:
2402:
received little help from China's three other regional fleets. Despite appeals from Zhang Peilun and direct orders from the
2169:, anchored at the head of the French line. Both launches were lit up by searchlights on the French ships and attacked with
4185:
3102:
3250:
3137:
576:
4284:
4045:
3798:
2386:
2380:
181:
79:
3311:
2655:
2185:
4591:
4365:
4040:
4027:
948:
4402:
3142:
2948:
1989:
Douzans) and grounded. The French torpedo boat suffered damage to her boiler during this attack. The despatch vessel
1052:
4566:
3710:
3415:
3260:
598:
4145:
188:
86:
4289:
4150:
3913:
3265:
2867:
Duboc, 252–5; Ferrero, 65–8; Huard, 382–403; Loir, 124–41; Rollet de l'Isle, 171–85; Thomazi, 207–9; Wright, 62–3
705:
When news of the Bắc Lệ ambush reached Paris, there was fury at what was perceived as blatant Chinese treachery.
3235:
3220:
2088:
Before they were put out of action the outgunned Chinese vessels concentrated their fire on the French flagship
561:
551:
526:
4178:
4132:
3631:
3095:
2615:
2430:
defied an order to send two ships from the Beiyang Fleet to Fuzhou, and the Zhejiang governor Liu Bingzhang (
170:
68:
4581:
3205:
2348:), who had directed the defence of the Jinpai pass on 27 and 28 August with skill and energy, kept his job.
2138:
Instead, the French bombarded the Foochow Navy Yard, damaging a number of outbuildings and holing the sloop
1367:
1284:
875:
862:
541:
148:
46:
2573:
2369:
4586:
4104:
3957:
3857:
3847:
3778:
3754:
3512:
3467:
3132:
2643:
2594:
2287:
s bridge during an exchange of fire with the defenders of Fort Kimpai on 27 August. With the exception of
1477:
1100:
1028:
897:
699:
3296:
731:
4264:
3994:
3788:
3378:
3240:
2965:. Vol. General information series No. 4. Washington D.C.: General Printing Office. pp. 18–24頁.
2454:
750:
566:
368:
341:
3286:
2972:
Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007
786:, Courbet's flagship, was at Sharp Peak near the island of Matsu, guarding a vital telegraph station.
3362:
3281:
3210:
2403:
660:
546:
373:
2478:
2177:. One launch was sunk instantly, while the crew of the other abandoned ship and swam for the shore.
4460:
4279:
3783:
3616:
3577:
3521:
3301:
2760:
These were two 27 meters torpedo boats built in Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranée (Graville –
744:
738:
2506:
2283:
and son of the noted French admiral Louis-Édouard Bouët-Willaumez (1809–71), who was shot dead on
2123:
645:(December 1883 – April 1885). The battle was fought on 23 August 1884 off the Pagoda Anchorage in
4125:
4035:
3984:
3890:
3877:
3808:
3606:
3557:
3549:
2821:
2492:
807:
3073:
1877:
successfully ascended the Min River, it was about then that she would be making her appearance.
4412:
4407:
4355:
4294:
4099:
4082:
3705:
3700:
3410:
3230:
2975:
2809:
2799:
2132:
1817:
684:
664:
514:
390:
195:
93:
4446:
4416:
4274:
4014:
3979:
3659:
3425:
3291:
3195:
3185:
3147:
2552:
2464:
2170:
1962:
592:
588:
504:
4465:
4436:
4201:
4094:
4077:
3611:
3589:
3420:
3405:
3393:
3215:
3200:
3157:
3152:
3118:
2876:
Duboc, 255–60; Loir, 145–68; Lung Chang, 280–1; Rollet de l'Isle, 186–200; Thomazi, 209–12
2411:
1941:
713:
695:
679:
642:
536:
509:
482:
256:
3190:
3067:
790:
was hunting down pirate ships in the Gulf of Tonkin. Courbet had summoned the ironclads
764:
4452:
4392:
4386:
3989:
3840:
3831:
3793:
3669:
3594:
3562:
3529:
717:
688:
406:
2014:, explaining that he could not leave his post while the battle was still in progress.
4560:
4441:
4347:
4314:
4234:
4089:
3682:
3599:
3572:
3398:
3383:
3337:
3332:
3255:
2526:
2423:
2407:
2391:
2361:, abandoned ship as soon as the battle started and was later beheaded for cowardice.
842:
2065:
survived the battle without serious damage, by escaping upriver before the gunboats
4120:
3974:
3966:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3567:
3388:
3357:
3347:
2542:
2536:
2427:
2399:
2307:
1978:
1954:
911:
857:
668:
531:
385:
361:
356:
327:
322:
2100:
s captain. A few minutes later splinters from an exploding Chinese shell wounded
17:
4304:
3852:
3639:
3306:
1920:
and the three French gunboats from attack by the Chinese mineboats. To the east
706:
270:
137:
35:
2357:), a graduate of the Foochow naval college and captain of the Chinese flagship
810:, it was not clear whether she would be able to cross the bar at its entrance.
4503:
4254:
4244:
4239:
3826:
3765:
3342:
3327:
4542:
4529:
2813:
2303:
Chinese soldiers killed by the French during their descent of the Min River.
4509:
3352:
2449:
2291:
and Torpedo Boat No. 46, none of Courbet's vessels suffered serious damage.
3687:
2378:
important factor was the absence from the battle of the modern battleships
2263:
264:
2793:
2334:), the director-general of the Foochow Navy Yard, were also degraded. The
772:
3999:
3836:
3816:
3436:
2761:
4497:
4249:
3885:
3821:
3677:
3621:
655:) harbour, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the southeast of the city of
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
634:
631:
628:
625:
3862:
3773:
3582:
2339:
2335:
829:(which he chose as his flagship during the engagement), the gunboats
656:
294:
4004:
3895:
3087:
2368:
2262:
2184:
2122:
1940:
1803:
771:
763:
678:
646:
450:
813:
Courbet had under his immediate command the first-class cruisers
2322:), the governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, Zhang Zhaotong (
4335:
4212:
4174:
3930:
3727:
3485:
3440:
3091:
1889:. This attack would be supported by cannon and rifle fire from
454:
2275:
squadron's descent of the Min River. The French dead included
2045:
were either sunk or set alight by shellfire from the cruisers
1916:, the future French admiral, were given the job of protecting
131:
29:
2193:
leads the way into the Min'an pass, followed by the ironclad
3051:
Vienet, R., 'Devant le champ de bataille de Mawei (Chine)',
694:
On 11 May 1884 French and Chinese negotiators concluded the
2390:, which had recently been completed in Germany for China's
802:
had been detained at Keelung by bad weather, and although
2212:
On 25 and 26 August the French bombarded the Tianluowan (
776:
Zhang Peilun (1843–1903), the Chinese commander at Fuzhou
687:, built under the direction of the French administrator
2414:
declined to send ships to reinforce the Fujian Fleet.
3072:. Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office. pp.
730:
moored at the Pagoda Anchorage (the British gunboats
234:
For the battle during the Five Dynasties period, see
2127:
Bombardment of the Foochow Navy Yard, 24 August 1884
920:), one of the leading members of China's war party.
4425:
4364:
4346:
4303:
4263:
4223:
4167:
4113:
4061:
4013:
3965:
3876:
3807:
3764:
3668:
3630:
3548:
3520:
3474:
3371:
3320:
3274:
3171:
3125:
2962:
Information from abroad. Papers on Naval Operations
162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2279:Bouët-Willaumez, second-in-command of the gunboat
1993:was attacked less successfully by Torpedo Boat No.
702:, was the proximate cause of the Sino-French War.
3032:China's Struggle for Naval Development, 1839–1895
1973:At the outset of the battle the Chinese flagship
712:Courbet was instructed to prepare to destroy the
3004:Formose, vue par un marin français du XIX siècle
2997:Trente cinq mois de campagne en Chine, au Tonkin
2017:Meanwhile, the French cruisers and the ironclad
1589:Qing Forts and their armaments on the Min River
1305:1,393 tons, 15 knots, 13 British muzzle-loaders
768:Admiral Anatole-Amédée-Prosper Courbet (1827–85)
1415:1,258 tons, 13 knots, 5 Prussian breechloaders
245:
641:), was the opening engagement of the 16-month
624:(French: Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou, Chinese:
4186:
3942:
3739:
3497:
3452:
3103:
2896:L'Amiral Courbet, vainqueur des mers de Chine
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2431:
2352:
2343:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2242:
2236:
2219:
2213:
2154:or the slightly lighter guns of the cruisers
915:
721:
650:
466:
8:
2373:A Chinese lithograph of the Battle of Fuzhou
1933:protection against Chinese torpedo attacks.
845:No. 45 and No. 46. The second-class cruiser
726:), which stood on a hill above the harbour.
2990:Annam et Tonkin: Notes de voyage d'un marin
2406:, the commanders of the Beiyang Fleet, the
2328:), the governor of Fujian, and He Ruzhang (
269:The Battle of Fuzhou, 23 August 1884, from
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2957:United States Office of Naval Intelligence
2826:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2730:
2001:Latour), and was subsequently crippled by
473:
459:
451:
242:
2351:The Cantonese naval officer Zhang Cheng (
798:from Keelung to join him off Fuzhou, but
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Opening engagement of the Sino-French War
2974:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
1587:
1257:
927:
236:Battle of Fuzhou (Five Dynasties period)
2723:
2670:
2639:
2548:
2460:
2444:Ships involved in the Min River actions
671:, one of China's four regional fleets.
2819:
2436:) refused to release the Nanyang ship
56:Please improve this article by adding
3163:Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal
2898:, Edition Française d'Amsterdam, 1953
2267:The wreckage of the Chinese flagship
866:(the flagship), the scout-transports
659:(Foochow). During the battle Admiral
7:
4572:Naval battles of the Sino-French War
3066:James F. Roche, L. L. Cowen (1884).
2119:Bombardment of the Foochow Navy Yard
2081:was blown up by a single shell from
1961:('The naval battle at Foochow'), by
160:adding citations to reliable sources
3909:French colonization of the Americas
3039:Au Tonkin et dans les mers de Chine
902:, and the Rendel flatiron gunboats
405:(11 Western-style ships, the rest
25:
3060:The Chinese Steam Navy, 1862–1945
1977:was successfully attacked with a
860:consisted of the wooden corvette
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2654:
2642:
2614:
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2519:
2505:
2491:
2477:
2463:
2448:
367:
355:
334:
321:
263:
136:
34:
4403:French domains of the Holy Land
3025:Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng
2795:Sino-French Naval War 1884-1885
2104:Ravel, Courbet's aide-de-camp.
1836:, the Rendel flatiron gunboats
147:needs additional citations for
4398:French domains of Saint Helena
3515:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
2111:pm, but during the night of 23
622:Battle of the Pagoda Anchorage
1:
3018:L'escadre de l'amiral Courbet
2947:Courbet, Amédée (July 1885).
2934:Rawlinson, 113–16; Wright, 61
2782:Loir, 117–18; Lung Chang, 286
2365:Factors in the French victory
2077:had a chance to engage them.
1844:and the small paddle steamer
1469:572.5 tons, 10 knots, 6 guns
1442:1,258 tons, 12 knots, 5 guns
58:secondary or tertiary sources
4133:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
4373: and Antarctic Lands
2636:French naval uniforms, 1884
4608:
4577:Military history of Fujian
3416:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
3046:La conquête de l'Indochine
2107:The fighting ended at 5:00
1959:Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou
1914:Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère
825:, the third-class cruiser
749:and the American corvette
637:, 馬江之役 or 馬尾海戰, literally
248:Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou
233:
4486:
4381:
4342:
4331:
4290:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4219:
4208:
4151:French East India Company
4141:
3926:
3914:French West India Company
3904:
3723:
3696:
3481:
3266:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
3055:, 1525 (June 2007), 31–53
2626:
2605:
2584:
2563:
2432:
2353:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2243:
2237:
2220:
2214:
1107:3rd class wooden cruiser
1083:2nd class wooden cruiser
916:
722:
651:
492:
442:
417:
396:
379:
348:
314:
276:
262:
254:
4429: the Indian Ocean
3138:France–Vietnam relations
2181:Descent of the Min River
1949:and the armed transport
1820:on the eve of the battle
1576:1876, Foochow Navy Yard
1549:1875, Laird, Birkenhead
1546:Rendel flatiron gunboat
1522:1875, Laird, Birkenhead
1519:Rendel flatiron gunboat
1495:1870, Foochow Navy Yard
1466:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1439:1873, Foochow Navy Yard
1412:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1385:1870, Foochow Navy Yard
1356:1874, Foochow Navy Yard
1329:1873, Foochow Navy Yard
1302:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1185:de Fauque de Jonquières
667:virtually destroyed the
4337:Uninhabited territories
3848:Saint Kitts & Nevis
2970:Clodfelter, M. (2008).
2792:Olender, Piotr (2012).
1953:under attack by French
1864:and the wooden gunboat
1011:1st class iron cruiser
4543:25.97694°N 119.45111°E
4267: collectivities
4105:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3958:Former French colonies
3755:Former French colonies
3513:Former French colonies
3468:French overseas empire
3312:Louis Brière de l'Isle
3172:Military and political
3143:China–France relations
3133:French colonial empire
3037:Rollet de l'Isle, M.,
2916:Rawlinson, 119 and 263
2374:
2277:lieutenant de vaisseau
2271:
2197:
2128:
2102:lieutenant de vaisseau
1999:lieutenant de vaisseau
1987:lieutenant de vaisseau
1966:
1911:lieutenant de vaisseau
1832:, the armed transport
1821:
1245:lieutenant de vaisseau
1225:lieutenant de vaisseau
1205:lieutenant de vaisseau
1183:lieutenant de vaisseau
1161:lieutenant de vaisseau
892:, the wooden gunboats
777:
769:
691:
349:Commanders and leaders
45:relies excessively on
4214:Inhabited territories
4146:France–Asia relations
3701:Somaliland (Djibouti)
3379:Imperial Chinese Navy
3321:Chinese personalities
3251:Retreat from Lạng Sơn
3241:Battle of Phu Lam Tao
3069:The French at Foochow
2667:The battlefield today
2372:
2266:
2188:
2126:
2010:American officers on
1945:The Chinese flagship
1944:
1828:, the wooden gunboat
1808:The Chinese flagship
1807:
1579:No details available
1069:capitaine de vaisseau
1045:capitaine de vaisseau
1021:capitaine de vaisseau
997:capitaine de vaisseau
985:cuirassé de croisière
969:capitaine de vaisseau
957:cuirassé de croisière
888:, the paddle steamer
775:
767:
682:
418:Casualties and losses
4492:overseas departments
4427:Scattered Islands in
4308: collectivity
3766:French North America
3363:Empress Dowager Cixi
3275:French personalities
3206:Siege of Tuyên Quang
2404:Empress Dowager Cixi
2094:capitaine de frégate
1937:The battle of Fuzhou
1232:Torpedo Boat No. 46
1212:Torpedo Boat No. 45
1139:capitaine de frégate
1117:capitaine de frégate
1093:capitaine de frégate
806:was approaching the
620:, also known as the
156:improve this article
4548:25.97694; 119.45111
4539: /
4461:Juan de Nova Island
4348:North Pacific Ocean
3960:in Asia and Oceania
3302:François de Négrier
3261:Pescadores campaign
3226:Battle of Đồng Đăng
3011:La guerre du Tonkin
2925:Wright, 51–4 and 66
2661:'Going into battle'
2189:The French cruiser
1981:by Torpedo Boat No.
1957:No. 46 and No. 45.
1590:
1388:1,258 tons, 5 guns
1359:1,391 tons, 3 guns
1332:1,391 tons, 3 guns
4592:August 1884 events
4366:Overseas territory
3891:France Antarctique
3878:Equinoctial France
3841:Dominican Republic
3287:Marc-Edmond Dominé
2375:
2272:
2198:
2129:
1967:
1822:
1816:at anchor off the
1588:
1573:river patrol boat
1264:Name (Wade Giles)
1201:~1870s, Rochefort
1195:composite gunboat
1179:~1870s, Rochefort
1173:composite gunboat
1157:~1870s, Cherbourg
1151:composite gunboat
1059:1st class cruiser
1035:1st class cruiser
983:station ironclad (
955:station ironclad (
849:and the troopship
794:from Shanghai and
778:
770:
692:
171:"Battle of Fuzhou"
69:"Battle of Fuzhou"
4567:Conflicts in 1884
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4417:Amsterdam Islands
4408:Kerguelen Islands
4356:Clipperton Island
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4295:Wallis and Futuna
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4063:Mandate for Syria
4053:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
4015:Indochinese Union
3922:
3921:
3719:
3718:
3632:Equatorial Africa
3434:
3433:
3411:Far East Squadron
3372:Armies and fleets
3246:Battle of Bang Bo
3236:Battle of Hòa Mộc
3231:Battle of Zhenhai
3221:Lạng Sơn campaign
3211:Battle of Núi Bop
2805:978-83-61421-53-5
2133:Foochow Navy Yard
1818:Foochow Navy Yard
1800:Fleet deployments
1797:
1796:
1722:Northern Fork of
1586:
1585:
1498:515 tons, 3 guns
1251:
1250:
714:Foochow Navy Yard
685:Foochow Navy Yard
665:Far East Squadron
618:Battle of Foochow
607:
606:
449:
448:
431:10+ ships damaged
410:
391:Far East Squadron
310:
309:
284:23-26 August 1884
232:
231:
224:
206:
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Battle of Foochow
16:(Redirected from
4599:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4447:Glorioso Islands
4428:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4344:
4333:
4307:
4280:Saint Barthélemy
4275:French Polynesia
4266:
4226:
4221:
4210:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4172:
3980:Coromandel Coast
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3809:French Caribbean
3789:Terre Neuve
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3483:
3479:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3438:
3426:Tonkinese Rifles
3297:Sébastien Lespès
3292:Jacques Duchesne
3196:Battle of Tamsui
3186:Keelung campaign
3181:Battle of Fuzhou
3148:French Indochina
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3080:
2985:
2966:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2894:Claude Farrère,
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2658:
2646:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2540:
2539:
2529:No.46 and No.45.
2523:
2509:
2495:
2485:La Galissonnière
2481:
2467:
2452:
2435:
2434:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2289:La Galissonnière
2249:La Galissonnière
2246:
2245:
2241:) and Changmen (
2240:
2239:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2114:
2110:
1996:
1984:
1963:Charles Kuwasseg
1812:and the gunboat
1671:Fork of the Min
1591:
1436:scout-transport
1409:scout-transport
1382:scout-transport
1353:scout-transport
1326:scout-transport
1299:wooden corvette
1258:
1254:Chinese squadron
1241:~1879, Le Havre
1221:~1879, Le Havre
1207:Picard Destelan
1113:1869, Cherbourg
1041:1881, Cherbourg
1017:1879, Cherbourg
978:La Galissonnière
965:1879, Rochefort
928:
919:
918:
800:La Galissonnière
796:La Galissonnière
725:
724:
654:
653:
614:Battle of Fuzhou
487:
485:
475:
468:
461:
452:
404:
372:
371:
360:
359:
344:
340:
338:
337:
326:
325:
278:
277:
267:
246:Battle of Fuzhou
243:
227:
220:
216:
213:
207:
205:
164:
140:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4557:
4556:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4514:
4496:Claimed by the
4470:
4466:Tromelin Island
4437:Bassas da India
4421:
4371:French Southern
4360:
4338:
4319:
4299:
4259:
4227: regions
4215:
4204:
4202:Overseas France
4199:
4155:
4137:
4109:
4095:Greater Lebanon
4065:and the Lebanon
4064:
4057:
4009:
3961:
3955:
3918:
3900:
3872:
3803:
3760:
3758:in the Americas
3752:
3715:
3692:
3664:
3626:
3544:
3516:
3510:
3470:
3465:
3435:
3430:
3421:Tonkin Flotilla
3406:Black Flag Army
3394:Guangdong Fleet
3367:
3316:
3270:
3216:Battle of Shipu
3201:Battle of Yu Oc
3173:
3167:
3158:Tientsin Accord
3153:Tonkin campaign
3121:
3119:Sino-French War
3116:
3078:
3076:
3065:
3034:(Harvard, 1967)
3030:Rawlinson, J.,
2982:
2969:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:Lung Chang, 281
2906:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2731:Clodfelter 2008
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2650:
2647:
2638:
2631:
2619:
2610:
2598:
2589:
2577:
2568:
2556:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2510:
2501:
2496:
2487:
2482:
2473:
2468:
2446:
2412:Guangdong Fleet
2367:
2261:
2209:, led the way.
2183:
2121:
2112:
2108:
1994:
1982:
1939:
1802:
1625:(and vicinity)
1623:Couding island
1492:wooden gunboat
1463:wooden gunboat
1276:Specifications
1256:
937:Specifications
926:
924:French squadron
762:
760:Order of battle
696:Tientsin Accord
677:
643:Sino-French War
639:Battle of Mawei
610:
609:
608:
603:
488:
484:Sino-French War
483:
481:
479:
444:
438:2 ships damaged
437:
435:
430:
428:
426:
424:
403:
366:
354:
335:
333:
332:
320:
298:
293:Mawei Harbour,
268:
257:Sino-French War
249:
247:
239:
228:
217:
211:
208:
165:
163:
153:
141:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
55:
51:primary sources
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4605:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:1884 in France
4579:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4558:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4490:Also known as
4487:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:Banc du Geyser
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Crozet Islands
4390:
4382:
4376:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4100:Jabal al-Druze
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4073:State of Syria
4069:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3868:Virgin Islands
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3832:Saint-Domingue
3829:
3827:The Grenadines
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3794:French Florida
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3711:Isle de France
3708:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3282:Amédée Courbet
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3063:
3062:(London, 2001)
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3027:(Taipei, 1993)
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2988:Destelan, P.,
2986:
2981:978-0786433193
2980:
2967:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2849:Courbet, 18-19
2842:
2833:
2804:
2798:. Sandomierz.
2784:
2775:
2766:
2753:
2744:
2742:Thomazi, 205–6
2735:
2733:, p. 257.
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2557:
2550:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2445:
2442:
2366:
2363:
2297:Châteaurenault
2260:
2257:
2255:on 27 August.
2218:) and Min'an (
2182:
2179:
2120:
2117:
1938:
1935:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1724:the Min River
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:Mingan region
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1472:Hsü Shou-shen
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:Name (pinyin)
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:1869, Normand
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:Châteaurenault
1073:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1001:
1000:
994:
991:
988:
981:
973:
972:
966:
963:
960:
953:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
925:
922:
847:Châteaurenault
761:
758:
718:Prosper Giquel
689:Prosper Giquel
676:
673:
661:Amédée Courbet
605:
604:
602:
601:
596:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
493:
490:
489:
480:
478:
477:
470:
463:
455:
447:
446:
440:
439:
432:
420:
419:
415:
414:
411:
399:
398:
394:
393:
388:
382:
381:
380:Units involved
377:
376:
374:Amédée Courbet
364:
351:
350:
346:
345:
330:
317:
316:
312:
311:
308:
307:
306:French victory
304:
300:
299:
292:
290:
286:
285:
282:
274:
273:
260:
259:
252:
251:
241:
240:
230:
229:
212:September 2023
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
110:September 2022
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4604:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:1884 in China
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4555:
4552:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Europa Island
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4330:
4316:
4315:New Caledonia
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:French Guiana
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Alawite State
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Saint Vincent
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Grande Comore
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3600:Four Communes
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3583:Arguin Island
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Côte d'Ivoire
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:Nanyang Fleet
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:Beiyang Fleet
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Tang Jingsong
3336:
3334:
3333:Liu Mingchuan
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Tonkin Affair
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3053:La Géographie
3050:
3048:(Paris, 1934)
3047:
3044:Thomazi, A.,
3043:
3041:(Paris, 1886)
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:Lung Chang ,
3022:
3020:(Paris, 1886)
3019:
3015:
3013:(Paris, 1887)
3012:
3008:
3006:(Paris, 2005)
3005:
3002:Ferrero, S.,
3001:
2999:(Paris, 1899)
2998:
2994:
2992:(Paris, 1892)
2991:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2657:
2652:
2649:French sailor
2645:
2640:
2635:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2528:
2527:Torpedo boats
2522:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2499:Duguay-Trouin
2494:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2429:
2425:
2424:Zhang Zhidong
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:Nanyang Fleet
2405:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2392:Beiyang Fleet
2389:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:Duguay-Trouin
2210:
2208:
2207:Duguay-Trouin
2204:
2196:
2192:
2191:Duguay-Trouin
2187:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:Duguay-Trouin
2172:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:Duguay-Trouin
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:Duguay-Trouin
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:torpedo boats
1952:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:Duguay-Trouin
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:Wufou island
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:Kao Teng-yün
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:Chang Ch'eng
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:Construction
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:torpedo boat
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:torpedo boat
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:1880, Toulon
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:Duguay-Trouin
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
982:
980:
979:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
954:
952:
951:
947:
946:
942:
940:Construction
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
923:
921:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:
873:
869:
865:
864:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
843:Torpedo Boats
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:Duguay-Trouin
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
774:
766:
759:
757:
755:
754:
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
735:
727:
719:
715:
710:
708:
703:
701:
700:Bắc Lệ ambush
697:
690:
686:
681:
674:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:Naval battles
491:
486:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
457:
456:
453:
441:
433:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
407:Chinese Junks
401:
400:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
378:
375:
370:
365:
363:
358:
353:
352:
347:
343:
331:
329:
324:
319:
318:
313:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
288:
287:
283:
280:
279:
275:
272:
266:
261:
258:
253:
244:
237:
226:
223:
215:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173: –
172:
168:
167:Find sources:
161:
157:
151:
150:
145:This article
143:
139:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
53:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4524:
4451:
4385:
4285:Saint Martin
4121:New Hebrides
3975:Chandernagor
3967:French India
3799:French Texas
3655:Ubangi-Shari
3650:Middle Congo
3617:James Island
3522:North Africa
3389:Fujian Fleet
3358:Zhang Peilun
3348:Li Hongzhang
3191:Kép campaign
3180:
3174:developments
3077:. Retrieved
3068:
3059:
3058:Wright, R.,
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2971:
2963:
2960:
2950:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2885:Duboc, 252–4
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2840:Loir, 119–20
2836:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2773:Loir, 118–19
2769:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2726:
2621:
2600:
2579:
2558:
2541:
2533:
2512:
2498:
2484:
2470:
2453:
2447:
2437:
2428:Li Hongzhang
2419:
2415:
2400:Fujian Fleet
2396:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2358:
2350:
2316:). He Jing (
2308:Zuo Zongtang
2305:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1979:spar torpedo
1974:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1813:
1809:
1723:
1699:
1698:Couding and
1672:
1648:Mingan Pass
1624:
1613:
1606:150mm-177mm
1565:
1560:
1555:Lin Sen-lin
1538:
1533:
1511:
1506:
1484:
1478:
1455:
1450:
1428:
1423:
1401:
1396:
1391:Lü Wen-ying
1374:
1368:
1345:
1340:
1318:
1313:
1291:
1285:
1244:
1224:
1204:
1190:
1182:
1168:
1160:
1146:
1138:
1124:
1116:
1101:
1092:
1077:
1071:Coulombeaud
1068:
1065:1881, Brest
1053:
1044:
1029:
1020:
1005:
996:
993:1874, Brest
984:
977:
968:
956:
949:
912:Zhang Peilun
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
871:
867:
861:
858:Fujian fleet
856:The Chinese
855:
850:
846:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
812:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
752:
745:
739:
733:
728:
711:
704:
693:
669:Fujian Fleet
638:
621:
617:
613:
611:
582:
581:
577:2nd Lạng Sơn
552:1st Lạng Sơn
520:
519:
499:
494:
429:9 ships sunk
386:Fujian Fleet
362:Zhang Peilun
315:Belligerents
255:Part of the
218:
209:
199:
192:
185:
178:
166:
154:Please help
149:verification
146:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
44:
4546: /
4534:119°27′04″E
4508:Claimed by
4502:Claimed by
4387:Adélie Land
4305:Sui generis
4036:Cochinchina
3853:Saint Lucia
3607:Upper Volta
3550:West Africa
3307:Jules Ferry
2995:Duboc, E.,
2858:Loir, 121–3
2471:Triomphante
2338:General of
2230:Triomphante
2203:Triomphante
2195:Triomphante
2148:Triomphante
2083:Triomphante
2019:Triomphante
1875:Triomphante
1612:Smoothbore
1582:Lin Tse-yu
1539:Chien-sheng
1501:Ch'en Ying
1267:Characters
1238:30,58 tons
1218:30,58 tons
1132:1,575 tons
1110:1,323 tons
1095:Le Pontois
1086:1,820 tons
1062:2,363 tons
1038:2,363 tons
1014:3,479 tons
990:4,645 tons
962:4,585 tons
950:Triomphante
804:Triomphante
792:Triomphante
707:Jules Ferry
567:Phu Lam Tao
542:Tuyên Quang
425:150 wounded
271:The Graphic
4561:Categories
4531:25°58′37″N
4504:Madagascar
4413:Saint Paul
4245:Martinique
4240:Guadeloupe
3995:Pondichéry
3706:Madagascar
3578:Mauritania
3343:Feng Zicai
3328:Liu Yongfu
3126:Background
3016:Loir, M.,
2941:References
2012:Enterprise
1362:(in dock)
1346:Ch'en-hang
1335:(in dock)
1129:transport
999:Fleuriais
753:Enterprise
675:Background
599:Pescadores
436:48 wounded
427:51 missing
423:796 killed
182:newspapers
80:newspapers
47:references
4510:Mauritius
4369: (
3779:Louisiana
3660:Cameroons
3353:Zeng Jize
2822:cite book
2814:776777660
2751:Loir, 123
2601:Jiansheng
2342:Mutušan (
2171:Hotchkiss
2160:d'Estaing
2055:d'Estaing
2043:Jiansheng
1930:d'Estaing
1838:Jiansheng
1594:Location
1552:250 tons
1534:Jiansheng
1528:Yeh Chen
1525:280 tons
1198:465 tons
1176:465 tons
1154:465 tons
1054:d'Estaing
1047:Vivielle
908:Jiansheng
823:d'Estaing
808:Min River
751:USS
732:HMS
557:Đồng Đăng
434:10 killed
4265:Overseas
4225:Overseas
4083:Damascus
4032:Vietnam
4023:Cambodia
4000:Karaikal
3817:Dominica
3612:Togoland
2762:Le Havre
2410:and the
2387:Zhenyuan
2381:Dingyuan
2173:fire by
2144:Heng-hai
2023:Chenhang
1854:Chenhang
1512:Fu-sheng
1485:Fu-hsing
1456:Chen-wei
1341:Chenhang
1319:Yung-pao
1279:Captain
1247:Douzans
1163:Bonaire
1023:Desnouy
943:Captain
868:Chenhang
788:Atalante
746:Sapphire
740:Champion
734:Vigilant
527:Hưng Hóa
413:13 ships
402:22 ships
397:Strength
289:Location
4498:Comoros
4255:Réunion
4250:Mayotte
4168:Present
4126:Vanuatu
4114:Oceania
3886:Berbice
3822:Grenada
3678:Anjouan
3670:Comoros
3622:Albreda
3595:Senegal
3563:Dahomey
3540:Tunisia
3535:Morocco
3530:Algeria
3009:Huard,
2959:(ed.).
2295:aboard
2285:Vipère'
2156:Villars
2140:Henghai
2096:Gigon,
2079:Zhenwei
2057:. Only
2051:Villars
2039:Fusheng
2027:Yongbao
1926:Villars
1866:Zhenwei
1850:Yongbao
1842:Fusheng
1507:Fusheng
1451:Zhenwei
1402:Fei-yun
1314:Yongbao
1292:Yang wu
1227:Latour
1030:Villars
904:Fusheng
894:Zhenwei
872:Yongbao
819:Villars
589:Keelung
572:Bang Bo
562:Hòa Mộc
547:Núi Bop
521:Vietnam
515:Zhenhai
297:, China
196:scholar
94:scholar
4078:Aleppo
4046:Tonkin
4005:Yanaon
3985:Madras
3863:Tobago
3784:Canada
3774:Acadia
3688:Mohéli
3573:Guinea
3475:Former
3079:6 July
2978:
2812:
2802:
2580:Fuxing
2455:France
2438:Chaowu
2416:Feiyun
2359:Yangwu
2340:Fuzhou
2336:Manchu
2281:Vipère
2269:Yangwu
2259:Losses
2253:Vipère
2167:Vipère
2113:
2109:
2098:Volta'
2075:Vipère
2031:Feiyun
2003:Volta'
1995:
1983:
1975:Yangwu
1965:, 1885
1947:Yangwu
1903:Vipère
1883:Yangwu
1862:Feiyun
1830:Fuxing
1826:Yangwu
1814:Fuxing
1810:Yangwu
1772:Total
1673:River
1618:total
1609:120mm
1603:178mm
1600:203mm
1597:210mm
1566:I-hsin
1479:Fuxing
1429:Chi-an
1397:Feiyun
1375:Fu-p'o
1286:Yangwu
1191:Vipère
1141:Monin
1119:Gigon
899:Fuxing
882:Feiyun
863:Yangwu
839:Vipère
783:Bayard
657:Fuzhou
593:Tamsui
583:Taiwan
505:Tamsui
500:Fuzhou
342:France
339:
303:Result
295:Fuzhou
198:
191:
184:
177:
169:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4041:Annam
3896:Inini
3837:Haïti
3645:Gabon
3590:Niger
3568:Sudan
2955:. In
2719:Notes
2622:Yixin
2543:China
2513:Volta
2420:Ji'an
2090:Volta
2071:Aspic
2063:Yixin
2035:Ji'an
1918:Volta
1899:Aspic
1895:Volta
1891:Volta
1858:Ji'an
1846:Yixin
1614:guns
1561:Yixin
1424:Ji'an
1270:Type
1169:Aspic
1125:Saône
1102:Volta
971:Baux
934:Type
931:Name
890:Yixin
886:Ji'an
851:Saône
835:Aspic
827:Volta
647:Mawei
616:, or
537:Yu Oc
510:Shipu
328:China
203:JSTOR
189:books
101:JSTOR
87:books
4415:and
4028:Laos
3990:Mahé
3640:Chad
3081:2011
2976:ISBN
2828:link
2810:OCLC
2800:ISBN
2559:Fupo
2418:and
2384:and
2228:and
2205:and
2158:and
2150:and
2073:and
2067:Lynx
2061:and
2059:Fupo
2053:and
2041:and
1997:45 (
1991:Fupo
1985:46 (
1951:Fupo
1928:and
1907:Lynx
1905:and
1887:Fupo
1885:and
1860:and
1852:and
1840:and
1834:Fupo
1793:140
1790:110
1369:Fupo
1147:Lynx
906:and
896:and
884:and
877:Fupo
841:and
837:and
831:Lynx
821:and
743:and
683:The
612:The
281:Date
250:馬江海戰
175:news
73:news
2433:劉秉璋
2345:穆圖善
2331:何如璋
2325:張兆棟
2313:左宗棠
2215:田螺灣
1781:15
1767:22
1764:15
1744:22
1741:15
1717:19
1714:19
1693:18
1666:43
1663:39
1643:15
1640:14
1570:藝新
1543:建勝
1516:福勝
1489:福星
1460:振威
1433:濟安
1406:飛雲
1379:伏波
1350:琛航
1323:永保
1296:揚武
917:張佩綸
756:).
723:羅星塔
663:'s
532:Kep
158:by
49:to
4563::
3839:,
3074:49
2824:}}
2820:{{
2808:.
2627:藝新
2606:建勝
2585:福星
2564:伏波
2440:.
2354:張成
2319:何璟
2244:長門
2238:金牌
2232:.
2221:閩安
2085:.
2069:,
2049:,
2037:,
2033:,
2029:,
2025:,
1924:,
1901:,
1893:.
1787:2
1784:8
1778:2
1775:2
1759:5
1756:2
1738:2
1733:4
1730:1
1690:8
1685:3
1682:6
1679:1
1656:3
1651:1
1629:1
1445:?
987:)
959:)
880:,
874:,
870:,
833:,
817:,
737:,
652:馬尾
60:.
4375:)
4194:e
4187:t
4180:v
3950:e
3943:t
3936:v
3747:e
3740:t
3733:v
3505:e
3498:t
3491:v
3460:e
3453:t
3446:v
3111:e
3104:t
3097:v
3083:.
2984:.
2953:"
2949:"
2830:)
2816:.
2764:)
2630:)
2624:(
2609:)
2603:(
2588:)
2582:(
2567:)
2561:(
2545::
2457::
2310:(
2142:(
914:(
649:(
635:戰
632:海
629:江
626:馬
595:)
591:(
474:e
467:t
460:v
409:)
238:.
225:)
219:(
214:)
210:(
200:·
193:·
186:·
179:·
152:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
54:.
20:)
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