358:
325:
2510:
1794:
2175:
2383:(Northern Seas fleet). The Chinese battleships were more powerful than any of the ships under Courbet's command, and in December 1883, foreseeing that war with China was imminent, the French persuaded the German government to detain them in the event of hostilities. The German government invented a number of plausible excuses for keeping the two battleships in port, and they remained in Germany for the duration of the Sino-French War. They were finally released in July 1885, and joined the Northern Seas fleet in October of the same year.
2526:
346:
312:
2359:
1959:
fire first. The French crews went to their action stations at 1:30 pm, after eating their midday meal. The
Chinese did not react to this obvious threat, and at 1:45 pm the flurry of activity aboard the French ships died down. For the next ten minutes the tension grew aboard the French ships as the minutes ticked away towards 2:00 pm. At 1:55 pm a Chinese mineboat advanced towards the French squadron. Courbet immediately ordered the attack to begin, only five minutes short of his original timetable.
899:. Twelve large junks were nearby, but did not take part in the battle. The French squadron displaced 14,500 tons and included 1,780 men, while the eleven warships in the Chinese fleet displaced 8,000 tons, and included 1,040 men. The French squadron was much better-led and better-armed than the Chinese fleet. Only a few of the Chinese ships were capable of offering serious resistance to Courbet's attack. The Chinese defence was under the command of the imperial commissioner
2113:
2605:
687:, an agreement designed to end several months of undeclared hostilities between France and China in Tonkin. On 23 June 1884, French troops advancing to occupy Lạng Sơn, in accordance with the terms of this agreement, clashed near the small town of Bắc Lệ with a detachment of the Chinese Guangxi Army. The Chinese opened fire on the advancing French, precipitating a two-day battle in which the French column was seriously mauled. This incident, the
2496:
2633:
2563:
1931:
669:
2584:
2645:
127:
2468:
2482:
25:
2542:
2454:
698:'s government demanded an apology, an indemnity, and the immediate implementation of the terms of the Tianjin Accord. The Chinese government agreed to negotiate, but refused to apologise or pay an indemnity. The mood in France was against compromise, and although negotiations continued throughout July, Admiral Courbet was ordered to take his squadron to Fuzhou (Foochow).
2253:
254:
2439:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2236:) batteries, known to the French as Fort Kimpai and the White Fort (Fort Blanc), were put out of action, and the French also inflicted heavy casualties on a number of Chinese field batteries and infantry formations. However, before its guns were destroyed the White Fort was able to inflict moderate damage on the French ironclad
2081:, hoping to kill Courbet and the officers of his entourage. Several sailors aboard the French cruiser were killed or wounded, and shortly after the start of the battle a roundshot ploughed through Courbet's command group on the flagship's bridge, killing the British pilot Thomas and only narrowly missing
1958:
On the morning of
Saturday 23 August, although the Chinese commanders knew that the French would launch their attack at around 2:00 pm, the sailors in both fleets went about their routine business. The ships of the Fujian Fleet made no attempt to redeploy or to anticipate the French attack by opening
2291:
Courbet estimated
Chinese casualties at between 2,000 and 3,000 dead. The commemorative tablets in a shrine erected shortly after the war at the Pagoda Anchorage to honour the Chinese dead list the names of 831 sailors and soldiers killed on 23 August, but this list does not include the hundreds of
2366:
One of the factors in the French victory at Fuzhou was that the French squadron had sailed up the Min River in time of peace. The
Chinese claimed after the battle, with some justification, that the French would never have been able to ascend the river if the two countries had been at war. A second
718:
Negotiations between France and China broke down in mid-August, and on the evening of 22 August
Courbet was authorised by the French government to commence hostilities. He duly notified the foreign consuls, the governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the commanders of several neutral warships
2386:
Some
Chinese historians have asserted that disunity in the Chinese command structure was an important factor in the Chinese defeat. The Chinese regional fleets and armies represented a considerable 'personal' investment of revenue and prestige that was used to leverage influence at court, and the
2283:
The
Chinese lost nine of the eleven ships of the Fujian Fleet. Some of the Chinese ships foundered where they were struck, sinking off the Pagoda anchorage and the Foochow Navy Yard. Others drifted downriver and either ran aground or sank between Losing Island and the Min'an pass. French officers
705:, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) downriver from Fuzhou at Mawei, and to attack the Chinese fleet in Mawei harbour. Ironically, the Foochow Navy Yard represented a substantial French investment in China's future, having been built several years earlier under the direction of the French administrator
1861:
Courbet's plan provided for overwhelming firepower to be deployed against the
Chinese fleet. He had noticed that the Chinese ships swung with the tide, and determined to make his attack just before the top of the tide at 2:00 pm on the following afternoon, Saturday 23 August, when with luck the
1998:
Their spar torpedoes expended, the two French torpedo boats drifted downriver after making their attack, towards the anchorage of the neutral vessels off Losing Island. Lieutenant Latour had been seriously wounded in the eye during the attack, but he refused an offer of medical assistance from
2263:
The losses of the French squadron in the course of the operations before Fuzhou and in the Min River were relatively light (10 dead and 48 wounded). Most of these casualties were inflicted not by shellfire during the engagement of 23 August but by sniper fire from
Chinese infantry during the
1921:
were to reduce the three ships of the
Chinese southern group, to engage the war junks from the flank, and to engage a battery armed with three Krupp cannon near the Pagoda, and three other batteries armed with Krupp cannon which protected the Arsenal. Their launches would be deployed to give
1869:
Assuming that the Chinese fleet did not change its position, Courbet's orders provided for the French ships to be at action stations at 1:45 pm and to go into action at around 2:00 pm, on his signal. The battle would begin with an attack by Torpedo Boats No. 45 and No. 46 on
2189:
On 25 August, after receiving the congratulations of the captains of the neutral warships on the professionalism displayed by the French squadron during the action of 23 August, Courbet began to lead his ships back down the Min River. The squadron's two heaviest ships,
2124:. Preparations were made for a landing, but Courbet then changed his mind, after observing that the Navy Yard was defended by organised groups of Chinese infantry. The attack was cancelled as the French sailors were on the point of climbing into their launches.
2151:, which drew too much water to enter the shallows off the Navy Yard except around high tide, Courbet was unable to destroy the Yard completely. He himself admitted in his official report that the damage done 'was not as much as I had hoped for'.
2213:) batteries, two Chinese shore batteries covering the approach to Fuzhou through the narrow Min'an Pass. The Chinese batteries, built to fire only on enemy ships approaching from the mouth of the river, were taken in reverse and destroyed by
1857:
lay downstream of the French squadron, dangerously isolated on the southwesterly leg of the river, in front of the Customs building. Their job seems to have been to protect the Customs building and to block Courbet's exit from the Min River.
3492:
2288:, anchored near the entrance to the Min River, saw three Chinese warships drifting downriver on the evening of 23 August, abandoned by their crews and blazing from stem to stern. One of the Chinese ships exploded in front of their eyes.
2240:, which had sailed up from Keelung to join Courbet's squadron and attempted unsuccessfully to fight its way into the Min River. Chinese infantry at the Jinpai pass also killed and wounded several French sailors aboard the gunboat
1994:
s torpedo launch and carried by boarding by Boué de Lapeyrère's sailors. She had already been set alight by French shellfire, and was eventually abandoned by the French prize crew and sank in the middle of the Min River.
3937:
3485:
3734:
709:. During the second half of July and the first half of August Courbet gradually concentrated his squadron in Mawei harbour, at the Pagoda Anchorage—named for a conspicuous Chinese pagoda, the Luoxingta (
3478:
769:
Only a fraction of the Far East squadron was present off the Pagoda Anchorage on the morning of 23 August. In particular, none of the Far East squadron's four ironclads was immediately available.
2295:
The Chinese imperial commissioner Zhang Peilun, who made no serious attempt to coordinate the resistance of the Fujian fleet, was degraded after the battle and replaced by the veteran general
2154:
The French squadron remained off Fuzhou during the night of 24 August. Once again the Chinese tried to make a night attack. At 4:00 am two Chinese torpedo launches tried to attack the gunboat
2415:, the governor-general of the two Guangs, arriving just in time to share the fate of their comrades in the forthcoming battle. However, Zhang did not release any of his own Guangdong ships.
1886:
would then concentrate on destroying a line of war junks and fireships drawn up just to the west of Losing Island. Once the attack by the torpedo boats had cleared the way, the gunboats
3930:
1845:, anchored just off the dockyard. The role of this northern group of ships was obviously to prevent the French from attacking the Navy Yard. Meanwhile, the armed wooden transports
1862:
Chinese ships would have swung away from the French ships and would be presenting their vulnerable sterns to the attackers. This timing was also important for another reason. If
461:
3727:
3923:
2411:, two Fujian vessels which had been loaned to the Guangdong Fleet in 1882 to observe French movements in the Gulf of Tonkin, were sent back to Fuzhou in early August by
1813:
The Chinese fleet was deployed into a northern group of eight ships and a southern group of three ships, with the French squadron lying in between. The wooden corvette
3447:
3720:
2816:
2509:
4560:
2104:
August the Chinese made a number of unsuccessful attacks with fireships on the French warships, obliging some of them to shift their anchorages to evade them.
2940:
REPORT OF VICE-ADMIRAL COURBET, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE SQUADRON OF THE EXTREME EAST, TO THE MINISTER OF MARINE AND THE COLONIES, Matsu, September 11, 1884
4480:
4213:
2224:
On 27 and 28 August the French squadron bombarded and destroyed the Chinese defences at the Jinpai pass near the entrance to the Min River. The Jinpai (
1837:
were deployed on the northwest curve of the river, between the French ships and the Foochow Navy Yard. A little behind them lay the unarmed transports
4181:
3098:
454:
224:
3214:
1793:
545:
1065:
4516:
842:
had been left at the Jinpai pass, at the entrance to the Min River, to stop the Chinese from laying a barrage to prevent the squadron's escape.
754:
2135:, 橫海), still under construction and lying on the slips. A certain amount of damage was inflicted, but without the support of the heavy guns of
4415:
3856:
3151:
2792:
1898:
would sail upriver towards the Navy Yard and take on the other ships of the Chinese northern group. Four steam launches under the command of
3440:
447:
2387:
respective fleet commanders were often loath to see these important assets diminished by war damage. The result, at Fuzhou, was that the
4565:
4359:
3897:
3746:
2120:
On the morning of 24 August Courbet issued orders for his ships' landing companies to go ashore with the naval engineers to destroy the
993:
965:
2968:
762:
4051:
210:
144:
108:
434:
The total number of Chinese casualties stands at 2,000 or 3,000 for the entire battle (i.e. including the descent of the Min River)
46:
39:
2010:, which joined the French squadron only minutes before the battle began, were making short work of the rest of the Chinese fleet.
4041:
3234:
1902:
560:
2945:
432:
French casualties include all casualties from 23 to 31 August 1884 (i.e. both at Fuzhou and during the descent of the Min River)
4011:
3433:
771:
191:
89:
4061:
4386:
3528:
3523:
163:
148:
61:
2391:
received little help from China's three other regional fleets. Despite appeals from Zhang Peilun and direct orders from the
2158:, anchored at the head of the French line. Both launches were lit up by searchlights on the French ships and attacked with
4174:
3091:
3239:
3126:
565:
4273:
4034:
3787:
2375:
2369:
170:
68:
3300:
2644:
2174:
4580:
4354:
4029:
4016:
937:
4391:
3131:
2937:
1978:
Douzans) and grounded. The French torpedo boat suffered damage to her boiler during this attack. The despatch vessel
1041:
4555:
3699:
3404:
3249:
587:
4134:
177:
137:
75:
35:
4278:
4139:
3902:
3254:
2856:
Duboc, 252–5; Ferrero, 65–8; Huard, 382–403; Loir, 124–41; Rollet de l'Isle, 171–85; Thomazi, 207–9; Wright, 62–3
694:
When news of the Bắc Lệ ambush reached Paris, there was fury at what was perceived as blatant Chinese treachery.
3224:
3209:
2077:
Before they were put out of action the outgunned Chinese vessels concentrated their fire on the French flagship
550:
540:
515:
4167:
4121:
3620:
3084:
2604:
2419:
defied an order to send two ships from the Beiyang Fleet to Fuzhou, and the Zhejiang governor Liu Bingzhang (
159:
57:
4570:
3194:
2337:), who had directed the defence of the Jinpai pass on 27 and 28 August with skill and energy, kept his job.
2127:
Instead, the French bombarded the Foochow Navy Yard, damaging a number of outbuildings and holing the sloop
1356:
1273:
864:
851:
530:
2562:
2358:
4575:
4093:
3946:
3846:
3836:
3767:
3743:
3501:
3456:
3121:
2632:
2583:
2276:
s bridge during an exchange of fire with the defenders of Fort Kimpai on 27 August. With the exception of
1466:
1089:
1017:
886:
688:
3285:
720:
4253:
3983:
3777:
3367:
3229:
2954:. Vol. General information series No. 4. Washington D.C.: General Printing Office. pp. 18–24頁.
2443:
739:
555:
357:
330:
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Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007
775:, Courbet's flagship, was at Sharp Peak near the island of Matsu, guarding a vital telegraph station.
3351:
3270:
3199:
2392:
649:
535:
362:
2467:
2166:. One launch was sunk instantly, while the crew of the other abandoned ship and swam for the shore.
4449:
4268:
3772:
3605:
3566:
3510:
3290:
2749:
These were two 27 meters torpedo boats built in Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranée (Graville –
733:
727:
2495:
2272:
and son of the noted French admiral Louis-Édouard Bouët-Willaumez (1809–71), who was shot dead on
2112:
634:(December 1883 – April 1885). The battle was fought on 23 August 1884 off the Pagoda Anchorage in
4114:
4024:
3973:
3879:
3866:
3797:
3595:
3546:
3538:
2810:
2481:
796:
3062:
1866:
successfully ascended the Min River, it was about then that she would be making her appearance.
4401:
4396:
4344:
4283:
4088:
4071:
3694:
3689:
3399:
3219:
2964:
2798:
2788:
2121:
1806:
673:
653:
503:
379:
184:
82:
4435:
4405:
4263:
4003:
3968:
3648:
3414:
3280:
3184:
3174:
3136:
2541:
2453:
2159:
1951:
581:
577:
493:
4454:
4425:
4190:
4083:
4066:
3600:
3578:
3409:
3394:
3382:
3204:
3189:
3146:
3141:
3107:
2865:
Duboc, 255–60; Loir, 145–68; Lung Chang, 280–1; Rollet de l'Isle, 186–200; Thomazi, 209–12
2400:
1930:
702:
684:
668:
631:
525:
498:
471:
245:
3179:
3056:
779:
was hunting down pirate ships in the Gulf of Tonkin. Courbet had summoned the ironclads
753:
4441:
4381:
4375:
3978:
3829:
3820:
3782:
3658:
3583:
3551:
3518:
706:
677:
395:
2003:, explaining that he could not leave his post while the battle was still in progress.
4549:
4430:
4336:
4303:
4223:
4078:
3671:
3588:
3561:
3387:
3372:
3326:
3321:
3244:
2515:
2412:
2396:
2380:
2350:, abandoned ship as soon as the battle started and was later beheaded for cowardice.
831:
2054:
survived the battle without serious damage, by escaping upriver before the gunboats
4109:
3963:
3955:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3556:
3377:
3346:
3336:
2531:
2525:
2416:
2388:
2296:
1967:
1943:
900:
846:
657:
520:
374:
350:
345:
316:
311:
2089:
s captain. A few minutes later splinters from an exploding Chinese shell wounded
4293:
3841:
3628:
3295:
1909:
and the three French gunboats from attack by the Chinese mineboats. To the east
695:
259:
126:
24:
2346:), a graduate of the Foochow naval college and captain of the Chinese flagship
799:, it was not clear whether she would be able to cross the bar at its entrance.
4492:
4243:
4233:
4228:
3815:
3754:
3331:
3316:
4531:
4518:
2802:
2292:
Chinese soldiers killed by the French during their descent of the Min River.
4498:
3341:
2438:
2280:
and Torpedo Boat No. 46, none of Courbet's vessels suffered serious damage.
3676:
2367:
important factor was the absence from the battle of the modern battleships
2252:
253:
2782:
2323:), the director-general of the Foochow Navy Yard, were also degraded. The
761:
3988:
3825:
3805:
3425:
2750:
4486:
4238:
3874:
3810:
3666:
3610:
644:) harbour, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the southeast of the city of
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
623:
620:
617:
614:
3851:
3762:
3571:
2328:
2324:
818:(which he chose as his flagship during the engagement), the gunboats
645:
283:
3993:
3884:
3076:
2357:
2251:
2173:
2111:
1929:
1792:
760:
752:
667:
635:
439:
802:
Courbet had under his immediate command the first-class cruisers
2311:), the governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, Zhang Zhaotong (
4324:
4201:
4163:
3919:
3716:
3474:
3429:
3080:
1878:. This attack would be supported by cannon and rifle fire from
443:
2264:
squadron's descent of the Min River. The French dead included
2034:
were either sunk or set alight by shellfire from the cruisers
1905:, the future French admiral, were given the job of protecting
120:
18:
2182:
leads the way into the Min'an pass, followed by the ironclad
3040:
Vienet, R., 'Devant le champ de bataille de Mawei (Chine)',
683:
On 11 May 1884 French and Chinese negotiators concluded the
2379:, which had recently been completed in Germany for China's
791:
had been detained at Keelung by bad weather, and although
2201:
On 25 and 26 August the French bombarded the Tianluowan (
765:
Zhang Peilun (1843–1903), the Chinese commander at Fuzhou
676:, built under the direction of the French administrator
2403:
declined to send ships to reinforce the Fujian Fleet.
3061:. Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office. pp.
719:
moored at the Pagoda Anchorage (the British gunboats
223:
For the battle during the Five Dynasties period, see
2116:
Bombardment of the Foochow Navy Yard, 24 August 1884
909:), one of the leading members of China's war party.
4414:
4353:
4335:
4292:
4252:
4212:
4156:
4102:
4050:
4002:
3954:
3865:
3796:
3753:
3657:
3619:
3537:
3509:
3463:
3360:
3309:
3263:
3160:
3114:
2951:
Information from abroad. Papers on Naval Operations
151:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2268:Bouët-Willaumez, second-in-command of the gunboat
1982:was attacked less successfully by Torpedo Boat No.
691:, was the proximate cause of the Sino-French War.
3021:China's Struggle for Naval Development, 1839–1895
1962:At the outset of the battle the Chinese flagship
701:Courbet was instructed to prepare to destroy the
2993:Formose, vue par un marin français du XIX siècle
2986:Trente cinq mois de campagne en Chine, au Tonkin
2006:Meanwhile, the French cruisers and the ironclad
1578:Qing Forts and their armaments on the Min River
1294:1,393 tons, 15 knots, 13 British muzzle-loaders
757:Admiral Anatole-Amédée-Prosper Courbet (1827–85)
1404:1,258 tons, 13 knots, 5 Prussian breechloaders
234:
630:), was the opening engagement of the 16-month
613:(French: Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou, Chinese:
4175:
3931:
3728:
3486:
3441:
3092:
2885:L'Amiral Courbet, vainqueur des mers de Chine
2614:
2593:
2572:
2551:
2420:
2341:
2332:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2231:
2225:
2208:
2202:
2143:or the slightly lighter guns of the cruisers
904:
710:
639:
455:
8:
2362:A Chinese lithograph of the Battle of Fuzhou
1922:protection against Chinese torpedo attacks.
834:No. 45 and No. 46. The second-class cruiser
715:), which stood on a hill above the harbour.
2979:Annam et Tonkin: Notes de voyage d'un marin
2395:, the commanders of the Beiyang Fleet, the
2317:), the governor of Fujian, and He Ruzhang (
258:The Battle of Fuzhou, 23 August 1884, from
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2946:United States Office of Naval Intelligence
2815:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2719:
1990:Latour), and was subsequently crippled by
462:
448:
440:
231:
2340:The Cantonese naval officer Zhang Cheng (
787:from Keelung to join him off Fuzhou, but
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Opening engagement of the Sino-French War
2963:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
1576:
1246:
916:
225:Battle of Fuzhou (Five Dynasties period)
2712:
2659:
2628:
2537:
2449:
2433:Ships involved in the Min River actions
660:, one of China's four regional fleets.
2808:
2425:) refused to release the Nanyang ship
45:Please improve this article by adding
3152:Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal
2887:, Edition Française d'Amsterdam, 1953
2256:The wreckage of the Chinese flagship
855:(the flagship), the scout-transports
648:(Foochow). During the battle Admiral
7:
4561:Naval battles of the Sino-French War
3055:James F. Roche, L. L. Cowen (1884).
2108:Bombardment of the Foochow Navy Yard
2070:was blown up by a single shell from
1950:('The naval battle at Foochow'), by
149:adding citations to reliable sources
3898:French colonization of the Americas
3028:Au Tonkin et dans les mers de Chine
891:, and the Rendel flatiron gunboats
394:(11 Western-style ships, the rest
14:
3049:The Chinese Steam Navy, 1862–1945
1966:was successfully attacked with a
849:consisted of the wooden corvette
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2643:
2631:
2603:
2582:
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2524:
2508:
2494:
2480:
2466:
2452:
2437:
356:
344:
323:
310:
252:
125:
23:
4392:French domains of the Holy Land
3014:Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng
2784:Sino-French Naval War 1884-1885
2093:Ravel, Courbet's aide-de-camp.
1825:, the Rendel flatiron gunboats
136:needs additional citations for
4387:French domains of Saint Helena
3504:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
2100:pm, but during the night of 23
611:Battle of the Pagoda Anchorage
1:
3007:L'escadre de l'amiral Courbet
2936:Courbet, Amédée (July 1885).
2923:Rawlinson, 113–16; Wright, 61
2771:Loir, 117–18; Lung Chang, 286
2354:Factors in the French victory
2066:had a chance to engage them.
1833:and the small paddle steamer
1458:572.5 tons, 10 knots, 6 guns
1431:1,258 tons, 12 knots, 5 guns
47:secondary or tertiary sources
4122:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
4362: and Antarctic Lands
2625:French naval uniforms, 1884
4597:
4566:Military history of Fujian
3405:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
3035:La conquête de l'Indochine
2096:The fighting ended at 5:00
1948:Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou
1903:Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère
814:, the third-class cruiser
738:and the American corvette
626:, 馬江之役 or 馬尾海戰, literally
237:Combat naval de Fou-Tchéou
222:
4475:
4370:
4331:
4320:
4279:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4208:
4197:
4140:French East India Company
4130:
3915:
3903:French West India Company
3893:
3712:
3685:
3470:
3255:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
3044:, 1525 (June 2007), 31–53
2615:
2594:
2573:
2552:
2421:
2342:
2333:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2232:
2226:
2209:
2203:
1096:3rd class wooden cruiser
1072:2nd class wooden cruiser
905:
711:
640:
481:
431:
406:
385:
368:
337:
303:
265:
251:
243:
4418: the Indian Ocean
3127:France–Vietnam relations
2170:Descent of the Min River
1938:and the armed transport
1809:on the eve of the battle
1565:1876, Foochow Navy Yard
1538:1875, Laird, Birkenhead
1535:Rendel flatiron gunboat
1511:1875, Laird, Birkenhead
1508:Rendel flatiron gunboat
1484:1870, Foochow Navy Yard
1455:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1428:1873, Foochow Navy Yard
1401:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1374:1870, Foochow Navy Yard
1345:1874, Foochow Navy Yard
1318:1873, Foochow Navy Yard
1291:1872, Foochow Navy Yard
1174:de Fauque de Jonquières
656:virtually destroyed the
4326:Uninhabited territories
3837:Saint Kitts & Nevis
2959:Clodfelter, M. (2008).
2781:Olender, Piotr (2012).
1942:under attack by French
1853:and the wooden gunboat
1000:1st class iron cruiser
4532:25.97694°N 119.45111°E
4256: collectivities
4094:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3947:Former French colonies
3744:Former French colonies
3502:Former French colonies
3457:French overseas empire
3301:Louis Brière de l'Isle
3161:Military and political
3132:China–France relations
3122:French colonial empire
3026:Rollet de l'Isle, M.,
2905:Rawlinson, 119 and 263
2363:
2266:lieutenant de vaisseau
2260:
2186:
2117:
2091:lieutenant de vaisseau
1988:lieutenant de vaisseau
1976:lieutenant de vaisseau
1955:
1900:lieutenant de vaisseau
1821:, the armed transport
1810:
1234:lieutenant de vaisseau
1214:lieutenant de vaisseau
1194:lieutenant de vaisseau
1172:lieutenant de vaisseau
1150:lieutenant de vaisseau
881:, the wooden gunboats
766:
758:
680:
338:Commanders and leaders
34:relies excessively on
4203:Inhabited territories
4135:France–Asia relations
3690:Somaliland (Djibouti)
3368:Imperial Chinese Navy
3310:Chinese personalities
3240:Retreat from Lạng Sơn
3230:Battle of Phu Lam Tao
3058:The French at Foochow
2656:The battlefield today
2361:
2255:
2177:
2115:
1999:American officers on
1934:The Chinese flagship
1933:
1817:, the wooden gunboat
1797:The Chinese flagship
1796:
1568:No details available
1058:capitaine de vaisseau
1034:capitaine de vaisseau
1010:capitaine de vaisseau
986:capitaine de vaisseau
974:cuirassé de croisière
958:capitaine de vaisseau
946:cuirassé de croisière
877:, the paddle steamer
764:
756:
671:
407:Casualties and losses
4481:overseas departments
4416:Scattered Islands in
4297: collectivity
3755:French North America
3352:Empress Dowager Cixi
3264:French personalities
3195:Siege of Tuyên Quang
2393:Empress Dowager Cixi
2083:capitaine de frégate
1926:The battle of Fuzhou
1221:Torpedo Boat No. 46
1201:Torpedo Boat No. 45
1128:capitaine de frégate
1106:capitaine de frégate
1082:capitaine de frégate
795:was approaching the
609:, also known as the
145:improve this article
4537:25.97694; 119.45111
4528: /
4450:Juan de Nova Island
4337:North Pacific Ocean
3949:in Asia and Oceania
3291:François de Négrier
3250:Pescadores campaign
3215:Battle of Đồng Đăng
3000:La guerre du Tonkin
2914:Wright, 51–4 and 66
2650:'Going into battle'
2178:The French cruiser
1970:by Torpedo Boat No.
1946:No. 46 and No. 45.
1579:
1377:1,258 tons, 5 guns
1348:1,391 tons, 3 guns
1321:1,391 tons, 3 guns
4581:August 1884 events
4355:Overseas territory
3880:France Antarctique
3867:Equinoctial France
3830:Dominican Republic
3276:Marc-Edmond Dominé
2364:
2261:
2187:
2118:
1956:
1811:
1805:at anchor off the
1577:
1562:river patrol boat
1253:Name (Wade Giles)
1190:~1870s, Rochefort
1184:composite gunboat
1168:~1870s, Rochefort
1162:composite gunboat
1146:~1870s, Cherbourg
1140:composite gunboat
1048:1st class cruiser
1024:1st class cruiser
972:station ironclad (
944:station ironclad (
838:and the troopship
783:from Shanghai and
767:
759:
681:
160:"Battle of Fuzhou"
58:"Battle of Fuzhou"
4556:Conflicts in 1884
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4406:Amsterdam Islands
4397:Kerguelen Islands
4345:Clipperton Island
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4284:Wallis and Futuna
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4052:Mandate for Syria
4042:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
4004:Indochinese Union
3911:
3910:
3708:
3707:
3621:Equatorial Africa
3423:
3422:
3400:Far East Squadron
3361:Armies and fleets
3235:Battle of Bang Bo
3225:Battle of Hòa Mộc
3220:Battle of Zhenhai
3210:Lạng Sơn campaign
3200:Battle of Núi Bop
2794:978-83-61421-53-5
2122:Foochow Navy Yard
1807:Foochow Navy Yard
1789:Fleet deployments
1786:
1785:
1711:Northern Fork of
1575:
1574:
1487:515 tons, 3 guns
1240:
1239:
703:Foochow Navy Yard
674:Foochow Navy Yard
654:Far East Squadron
607:Battle of Foochow
596:
595:
438:
437:
420:10+ ships damaged
399:
380:Far East Squadron
299:
298:
273:23-26 August 1884
221:
220:
213:
195:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4588:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4436:Glorioso Islands
4417:
4368:
4361:
4357:
4333:
4322:
4296:
4269:Saint Barthélemy
4264:French Polynesia
4255:
4215:
4210:
4199:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4161:
3969:Coromandel Coast
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3798:French Caribbean
3778:Terre Neuve
3737:
3730:
3723:
3714:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3472:
3468:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3415:Tonkinese Rifles
3286:Sébastien Lespès
3281:Jacques Duchesne
3185:Battle of Tamsui
3175:Keelung campaign
3170:Battle of Fuzhou
3137:French Indochina
3101:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3069:
2974:
2955:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2883:Claude Farrère,
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2806:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2647:
2635:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2529:
2528:
2518:No.46 and No.45.
2512:
2498:
2484:
2474:La Galissonnière
2470:
2456:
2441:
2424:
2423:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2278:La Galissonnière
2238:La Galissonnière
2235:
2234:
2230:) and Changmen (
2229:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2103:
2099:
1985:
1973:
1952:Charles Kuwasseg
1801:and the gunboat
1660:Fork of the Min
1580:
1425:scout-transport
1398:scout-transport
1371:scout-transport
1342:scout-transport
1315:scout-transport
1288:wooden corvette
1247:
1243:Chinese squadron
1230:~1879, Le Havre
1210:~1879, Le Havre
1196:Picard Destelan
1102:1869, Cherbourg
1030:1881, Cherbourg
1006:1879, Cherbourg
967:La Galissonnière
954:1879, Rochefort
917:
908:
907:
789:La Galissonnière
785:La Galissonnière
714:
713:
643:
642:
603:Battle of Fuzhou
476:
474:
464:
457:
450:
441:
393:
361:
360:
349:
348:
333:
329:
327:
326:
315:
314:
267:
266:
256:
235:Battle of Fuzhou
232:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
194:
153:
129:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4546:
4545:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4503:
4485:Claimed by the
4459:
4455:Tromelin Island
4426:Bassas da India
4410:
4360:French Southern
4349:
4327:
4308:
4288:
4248:
4216: regions
4204:
4193:
4191:Overseas France
4188:
4144:
4126:
4098:
4084:Greater Lebanon
4054:and the Lebanon
4053:
4046:
3998:
3950:
3944:
3907:
3889:
3861:
3792:
3749:
3747:in the Americas
3741:
3704:
3681:
3653:
3615:
3533:
3505:
3499:
3459:
3454:
3424:
3419:
3410:Tonkin Flotilla
3395:Black Flag Army
3383:Guangdong Fleet
3356:
3305:
3259:
3205:Battle of Shipu
3190:Battle of Yu Oc
3162:
3156:
3147:Tientsin Accord
3142:Tonkin campaign
3110:
3108:Sino-French War
3105:
3067:
3065:
3054:
3023:(Harvard, 1967)
3019:Rawlinson, J.,
2971:
2958:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:Lung Chang, 281
2895:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2807:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2720:Clodfelter 2008
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2639:
2636:
2627:
2620:
2608:
2599:
2587:
2578:
2566:
2557:
2545:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2504:
2499:
2490:
2485:
2476:
2471:
2462:
2457:
2435:
2401:Guangdong Fleet
2356:
2250:
2198:, led the way.
2172:
2110:
2101:
2097:
1983:
1971:
1928:
1791:
1614:(and vicinity)
1612:Couding island
1481:wooden gunboat
1452:wooden gunboat
1265:Specifications
1245:
926:Specifications
915:
913:French squadron
751:
749:Order of battle
685:Tientsin Accord
666:
632:Sino-French War
628:Battle of Mawei
599:
598:
597:
592:
477:
473:Sino-French War
472:
470:
468:
433:
427:2 ships damaged
426:
424:
419:
417:
415:
413:
392:
355:
343:
324:
322:
321:
309:
287:
282:Mawei Harbour,
257:
246:Sino-French War
238:
236:
228:
217:
206:
200:
197:
154:
152:
142:
130:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
44:
40:primary sources
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4594:
4592:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4571:1884 in France
4568:
4563:
4558:
4548:
4547:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4479:Also known as
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4442:Banc du Geyser
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:Crozet Islands
4379:
4371:
4365:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4089:Jabal al-Druze
4086:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4062:State of Syria
4058:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3857:Virgin Islands
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3821:Saint-Domingue
3818:
3816:The Grenadines
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3783:French Florida
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3700:Isle de France
3697:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Amédée Courbet
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3052:
3051:(London, 2001)
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3016:(Taipei, 1993)
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2977:Destelan, P.,
2975:
2970:978-0786433193
2969:
2956:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2838:Courbet, 18-19
2831:
2822:
2793:
2787:. Sandomierz.
2773:
2764:
2755:
2742:
2733:
2731:Thomazi, 205–6
2724:
2722:, p. 257.
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2546:
2539:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2434:
2431:
2355:
2352:
2286:Châteaurenault
2249:
2246:
2244:on 27 August.
2207:) and Min'an (
2171:
2168:
2109:
2106:
1927:
1924:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1713:the Min River
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:Mingan region
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1461:Hsü Shou-shen
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:Name (pinyin)
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:1869, Normand
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:Châteaurenault
1062:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
990:
989:
983:
980:
977:
970:
962:
961:
955:
952:
949:
942:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
914:
911:
836:Châteaurenault
750:
747:
707:Prosper Giquel
678:Prosper Giquel
665:
662:
650:Amédée Courbet
594:
593:
591:
590:
585:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
482:
479:
478:
469:
467:
466:
459:
452:
444:
436:
435:
429:
428:
421:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
371:
370:
369:Units involved
366:
365:
363:Amédée Courbet
353:
340:
339:
335:
334:
319:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
296:
295:French victory
293:
289:
288:
281:
279:
275:
274:
271:
263:
262:
249:
248:
241:
240:
230:
229:
219:
218:
201:September 2023
133:
131:
124:
117:
116:
99:September 2022
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4593:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4576:1884 in China
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4544:
4541:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:Europa Island
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4319:
4305:
4304:New Caledonia
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:French Guiana
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:Alawite State
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Saint Vincent
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Grande Comore
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3589:Four Communes
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3572:Arguin Island
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Côte d'Ivoire
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3388:Nanyang Fleet
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Beiyang Fleet
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Tang Jingsong
3325:
3323:
3322:Liu Mingchuan
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:Tonkin Affair
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:La Géographie
3039:
3037:(Paris, 1934)
3036:
3033:Thomazi, A.,
3032:
3030:(Paris, 1886)
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3012:Lung Chang ,
3011:
3009:(Paris, 1886)
3008:
3004:
3002:(Paris, 1887)
3001:
2997:
2995:(Paris, 2005)
2994:
2991:Ferrero, S.,
2990:
2988:(Paris, 1899)
2987:
2983:
2981:(Paris, 1892)
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2641:
2638:French sailor
2634:
2629:
2624:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2591:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2517:
2516:Torpedo boats
2511:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2488:Duguay-Trouin
2483:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2414:
2413:Zhang Zhidong
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2397:Nanyang Fleet
2394:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2381:Beiyang Fleet
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:Duguay-Trouin
2199:
2197:
2196:Duguay-Trouin
2193:
2185:
2181:
2180:Duguay-Trouin
2176:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:Duguay-Trouin
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:Duguay-Trouin
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:Duguay-Trouin
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:torpedo boats
1941:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:Duguay-Trouin
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:Wufou island
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:Kao Teng-yün
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:Chang Ch'eng
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:Construction
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:torpedo boat
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:torpedo boat
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:1880, Toulon
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
996:
995:Duguay-Trouin
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
963:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
935:
931:
929:Construction
928:
925:
922:
919:
918:
912:
910:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
853:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
832:Torpedo Boats
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:Duguay-Trouin
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
763:
755:
748:
746:
744:
743:
737:
736:
731:
730:
725:
724:
716:
708:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
689:Bắc Lệ ambush
686:
679:
675:
670:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
589:
586:
583:
579:
576:
575:
574:
573:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:Naval battles
480:
475:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
445:
442:
430:
422:
411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
396:Chinese Junks
390:
389:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
367:
364:
359:
354:
352:
347:
342:
341:
336:
332:
320:
318:
313:
308:
307:
302:
294:
291:
290:
285:
280:
277:
276:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
255:
250:
247:
242:
233:
226:
215:
212:
204:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162: –
161:
157:
156:Find sources:
150:
146:
140:
139:
134:This article
132:
128:
123:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4513:
4440:
4374:
4274:Saint Martin
4110:New Hebrides
3964:Chandernagor
3956:French India
3788:French Texas
3644:Ubangi-Shari
3639:Middle Congo
3606:James Island
3511:North Africa
3378:Fujian Fleet
3347:Zhang Peilun
3337:Li Hongzhang
3180:Kép campaign
3169:
3163:developments
3066:. Retrieved
3057:
3048:
3047:Wright, R.,
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2939:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2874:Duboc, 252–4
2870:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2829:Loir, 119–20
2825:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2762:Loir, 118–19
2758:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2715:
2610:
2589:
2568:
2547:
2530:
2522:
2501:
2487:
2473:
2459:
2442:
2436:
2426:
2417:Li Hongzhang
2408:
2404:
2389:Fujian Fleet
2385:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2347:
2339:
2305:). He Jing (
2297:Zuo Zongtang
2294:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2163:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1968:spar torpedo
1963:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1798:
1712:
1688:
1687:Couding and
1661:
1637:Mingan Pass
1613:
1602:
1595:150mm-177mm
1554:
1549:
1544:Lin Sen-lin
1527:
1522:
1500:
1495:
1473:
1467:
1444:
1439:
1417:
1412:
1390:
1385:
1380:Lü Wen-ying
1363:
1357:
1334:
1329:
1307:
1302:
1280:
1274:
1233:
1213:
1193:
1179:
1171:
1157:
1149:
1135:
1127:
1113:
1105:
1090:
1081:
1066:
1060:Coulombeaud
1057:
1054:1881, Brest
1042:
1033:
1018:
1009:
994:
985:
982:1874, Brest
973:
966:
957:
945:
938:
901:Zhang Peilun
896:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
860:
856:
850:
847:Fujian fleet
845:The Chinese
844:
839:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
801:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
768:
741:
734:
728:
722:
717:
700:
693:
682:
658:Fujian Fleet
627:
610:
606:
602:
600:
571:
570:
566:2nd Lạng Sơn
541:1st Lạng Sơn
509:
508:
488:
483:
418:9 ships sunk
375:Fujian Fleet
351:Zhang Peilun
304:Belligerents
244:Part of the
207:
198:
188:
181:
174:
167:
155:
143:Please help
138:verification
135:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
4535: /
4523:119°27′04″E
4497:Claimed by
4491:Claimed by
4376:Adélie Land
4294:Sui generis
4025:Cochinchina
3842:Saint Lucia
3596:Upper Volta
3539:West Africa
3296:Jules Ferry
2984:Duboc, E.,
2847:Loir, 121–3
2460:Triomphante
2327:General of
2219:Triomphante
2192:Triomphante
2184:Triomphante
2137:Triomphante
2072:Triomphante
2008:Triomphante
1864:Triomphante
1601:Smoothbore
1571:Lin Tse-yu
1528:Chien-sheng
1490:Ch'en Ying
1256:Characters
1227:30,58 tons
1207:30,58 tons
1121:1,575 tons
1099:1,323 tons
1084:Le Pontois
1075:1,820 tons
1051:2,363 tons
1027:2,363 tons
1003:3,479 tons
979:4,645 tons
951:4,585 tons
939:Triomphante
793:Triomphante
781:Triomphante
696:Jules Ferry
556:Phu Lam Tao
531:Tuyên Quang
414:150 wounded
260:The Graphic
4550:Categories
4520:25°58′37″N
4493:Madagascar
4402:Saint Paul
4234:Martinique
4229:Guadeloupe
3984:Pondichéry
3695:Madagascar
3567:Mauritania
3332:Feng Zicai
3317:Liu Yongfu
3115:Background
3005:Loir, M.,
2930:References
2001:Enterprise
1351:(in dock)
1335:Ch'en-hang
1324:(in dock)
1118:transport
988:Fleuriais
742:Enterprise
664:Background
588:Pescadores
425:48 wounded
416:51 missing
412:796 killed
171:newspapers
69:newspapers
36:references
4499:Mauritius
4358: (
3768:Louisiana
3649:Cameroons
3342:Zeng Jize
2811:cite book
2803:776777660
2740:Loir, 123
2590:Jiansheng
2331:Mutušan (
2160:Hotchkiss
2149:d'Estaing
2044:d'Estaing
2032:Jiansheng
1919:d'Estaing
1827:Jiansheng
1583:Location
1541:250 tons
1523:Jiansheng
1517:Yeh Chen
1514:280 tons
1187:465 tons
1165:465 tons
1143:465 tons
1043:d'Estaing
1036:Vivielle
897:Jiansheng
812:d'Estaing
797:Min River
740:USS
721:HMS
546:Đồng Đăng
423:10 killed
4254:Overseas
4214:Overseas
4072:Damascus
4021:Vietnam
4012:Cambodia
3989:Karaikal
3806:Dominica
3601:Togoland
2751:Le Havre
2399:and the
2376:Zhenyuan
2370:Dingyuan
2162:fire by
2133:Heng-hai
2012:Chenhang
1843:Chenhang
1501:Fu-sheng
1474:Fu-hsing
1445:Chen-wei
1330:Chenhang
1308:Yung-pao
1268:Captain
1236:Douzans
1152:Bonaire
1012:Desnouy
932:Captain
857:Chenhang
777:Atalante
735:Sapphire
729:Champion
723:Vigilant
516:Hưng Hóa
402:13 ships
391:22 ships
386:Strength
278:Location
4487:Comoros
4244:Réunion
4239:Mayotte
4157:Present
4115:Vanuatu
4103:Oceania
3875:Berbice
3811:Grenada
3667:Anjouan
3659:Comoros
3611:Albreda
3584:Senegal
3552:Dahomey
3529:Tunisia
3524:Morocco
3519:Algeria
2998:Huard,
2948:(ed.).
2284:aboard
2274:Vipère'
2145:Villars
2129:Henghai
2085:Gigon,
2068:Zhenwei
2046:. Only
2040:Villars
2028:Fusheng
2016:Yongbao
1915:Villars
1855:Zhenwei
1839:Yongbao
1831:Fusheng
1496:Fusheng
1440:Zhenwei
1391:Fei-yun
1303:Yongbao
1281:Yang wu
1216:Latour
1019:Villars
893:Fusheng
883:Zhenwei
861:Yongbao
808:Villars
578:Keelung
561:Bang Bo
551:Hòa Mộc
536:Núi Bop
510:Vietnam
504:Zhenhai
286:, China
185:scholar
83:scholar
4067:Aleppo
4035:Tonkin
3994:Yanaon
3974:Madras
3852:Tobago
3773:Canada
3763:Acadia
3677:Mohéli
3562:Guinea
3464:Former
3068:6 July
2967:
2801:
2791:
2569:Fuxing
2444:France
2427:Chaowu
2405:Feiyun
2348:Yangwu
2329:Fuzhou
2325:Manchu
2270:Vipère
2258:Yangwu
2248:Losses
2242:Vipère
2156:Vipère
2102:
2098:
2087:Volta'
2064:Vipère
2020:Feiyun
1992:Volta'
1984:
1972:
1964:Yangwu
1954:, 1885
1936:Yangwu
1892:Vipère
1872:Yangwu
1851:Feiyun
1819:Fuxing
1815:Yangwu
1803:Fuxing
1799:Yangwu
1761:Total
1662:River
1607:total
1598:120mm
1592:178mm
1589:203mm
1586:210mm
1555:I-hsin
1468:Fuxing
1418:Chi-an
1386:Feiyun
1364:Fu-p'o
1275:Yangwu
1180:Vipère
1130:Monin
1108:Gigon
888:Fuxing
871:Feiyun
852:Yangwu
828:Vipère
772:Bayard
646:Fuzhou
582:Tamsui
572:Taiwan
494:Tamsui
489:Fuzhou
331:France
328:
292:Result
284:Fuzhou
187:
180:
173:
166:
158:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4030:Annam
3885:Inini
3826:Haïti
3634:Gabon
3579:Niger
3557:Sudan
2944:. In
2708:Notes
2611:Yixin
2532:China
2502:Volta
2409:Ji'an
2079:Volta
2060:Aspic
2052:Yixin
2024:Ji'an
1907:Volta
1888:Aspic
1884:Volta
1880:Volta
1847:Ji'an
1835:Yixin
1603:guns
1550:Yixin
1413:Ji'an
1259:Type
1158:Aspic
1114:Saône
1091:Volta
960:Baux
923:Type
920:Name
879:Yixin
875:Ji'an
840:Saône
824:Aspic
816:Volta
636:Mawei
605:, or
526:Yu Oc
499:Shipu
317:China
192:JSTOR
178:books
90:JSTOR
76:books
4404:and
4017:Laos
3979:Mahé
3629:Chad
3070:2011
2965:ISBN
2817:link
2799:OCLC
2789:ISBN
2548:Fupo
2407:and
2373:and
2217:and
2194:and
2147:and
2139:and
2062:and
2056:Lynx
2050:and
2048:Fupo
2042:and
2030:and
1986:45 (
1980:Fupo
1974:46 (
1940:Fupo
1917:and
1896:Lynx
1894:and
1876:Fupo
1874:and
1849:and
1841:and
1829:and
1823:Fupo
1782:140
1779:110
1358:Fupo
1136:Lynx
895:and
885:and
873:and
866:Fupo
830:and
826:and
820:Lynx
810:and
732:and
672:The
601:The
270:Date
239:馬江海戰
164:news
62:news
2422:劉秉璋
2334:穆圖善
2320:何如璋
2314:張兆棟
2302:左宗棠
2204:田螺灣
1770:15
1756:22
1753:15
1733:22
1730:15
1706:19
1703:19
1682:18
1655:43
1652:39
1632:15
1629:14
1559:藝新
1532:建勝
1505:福勝
1478:福星
1449:振威
1422:濟安
1395:飛雲
1368:伏波
1339:琛航
1312:永保
1285:揚武
906:張佩綸
745:).
712:羅星塔
652:'s
521:Kep
147:by
38:to
4552::
3828:,
3063:49
2813:}}
2809:{{
2797:.
2616:藝新
2595:建勝
2574:福星
2553:伏波
2429:.
2343:張成
2308:何璟
2233:長門
2227:金牌
2221:.
2210:閩安
2074:.
2058:,
2038:,
2026:,
2022:,
2018:,
2014:,
1913:,
1890:,
1882:.
1776:2
1773:8
1767:2
1764:2
1748:5
1745:2
1727:2
1722:4
1719:1
1679:8
1674:3
1671:6
1668:1
1645:3
1640:1
1618:1
1434:?
976:)
948:)
869:,
863:,
859:,
822:,
806:,
726:,
641:馬尾
49:.
4364:)
4183:e
4176:t
4169:v
3939:e
3932:t
3925:v
3736:e
3729:t
3722:v
3494:e
3487:t
3480:v
3449:e
3442:t
3435:v
3100:e
3093:t
3086:v
3072:.
2973:.
2942:"
2938:"
2819:)
2805:.
2753:)
2619:)
2613:(
2598:)
2592:(
2577:)
2571:(
2556:)
2550:(
2534::
2446::
2299:(
2131:(
903:(
638:(
624:戰
621:海
618:江
615:馬
584:)
580:(
463:e
456:t
449:v
398:)
227:.
214:)
208:(
203:)
199:(
189:·
182:·
175:·
168:·
141:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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