140:
108:
38:
128:
96:
402:
After this engagement, the Sayyid became the virtual master of the whole Ogaden region and gained a high status among the
Muslims who considered the Negus of Abyssinia their common enemy. Following this success, the Dervishes began to raid the Mahmuhd Zubeyr and Aidgalle clans of Ogaden region. After
358:
proved to be successful, although he suffered heavy casualties, he and his dervishes stormed the zeriba and returned all the looted livestock. The
Ethiopians claimed the battle had been an easy victory that had last for a few minutes. These claims were called into question by the British Vice Council
394:
Both sides claimed victory following the battle. Although suffering heavy casualties during the attack, the
Dervishes accomplished their objective of returning all the livestock confiscated by the Abyssinians. The battle had 'established without a doubt' that the Dervishes were now a force to be
385:
Estimates on casualties during the battle vary widely. The
Dervishes suffered 170 fatalities and many more injured. Other reports indicate that more than 2500 casualties. The Ethiopians claimed to have killed 2,800 Dervish troops during the battle, but according to Professor of African History
326:
until 1900. At the start of the year, Abyssinian troops occupied the town and completed construction on a fort. A well-armed
Abyssinian expedition under the command of Grazmatch Bante failed to locate the Sayyid's men so instead they looted the local Somalis and retired to Jigjiga, where they
283:
region with the objective of repossessing livestock looted from locals by an
Abyssinian military expedition. The clash marked the first major battle of the Dervish movement and the opening of a two decade long war against the Ethiopian Empire.
403:
the raid, the movement had become an international problem. The battle made
British colonial authorities realize the severity of the Dervish threat. Shaken and also recognizing the new threat, the Ethiopians proposed joint
556:
In 1900 his daring attack on the new
Ethiopian fort at Jijiga greatly shook the Ethiopians. Large scale Anglo-Ethiopian operations in 1901 against the dervish followers of the Poor Man of God accomplished
202:
315:. Towards the end of 1899, the Dervishes began to systemically loot Ethiopian caravans traversing the Ogaden. In response the Abyssinians sent an expedition to deal with them.
368:"The Abyssinians, it seems, fear the Somalis very much. I have never seen men so afraid as they are now; they have given rifles to the children to show they have troops here."
311:
were in particular targeted. The escalating frequency and violence of the raids resulted in
Somalis consolidating behind the Dervish Movement under the lead of Sayyid
1100:
1095:
195:
396:
312:
272:
132:
785:
New Trends in
Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Michigan State University, 5-10 September 1994
661:
New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Michigan State University, 5-10 September 1994
426:
New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Michigan State University, 5-10 September 1994
404:
1025:
965:
923:
820:
793:
750:
707:
669:
642:
615:
587:
515:
488:
461:
434:
188:
451:
1090:
659:
740:
29:
287:
The battle greatly shook the Ethiopians, and resulted in them coordinating large scale joint military operations with the
244:
913:
338:
for help, and in response the sayyid collected 6,000 soldiers from the Muslim Somali and Oromo tribes to attack the
1085:
839:
810:
265:
100:
25:
335:
1080:
424:
634:
Resort to war : a data guide to inter-state, extra-state, intra-state, and non-state wars, 1816-2007
239:
234:
1059:
723:
323:
212:
1015:
894:
1021:
961:
919:
886:
816:
789:
746:
703:
665:
638:
611:
583:
547:
511:
484:
457:
430:
878:
339:
318:
As the Ethiopian Empire began expanding into Somali territories at the start of the 1890's,
261:
139:
113:
37:
229:
395:
reckoned with. Despite losses incurred, the battle did nothing to lessen the stature of
355:
288:
998:
632:
1074:
351:
386:
Raphael Chijioke Njoku the veracity of the reported number of deaths is suspicious.
42:
The Sayyid carrying the Dervish standard with his followers by La Tribuna Illustrata
347:
1042:
981:
955:
783:
766:
505:
478:
373:
Despite these fears, the Dervishes did not press forward to launch an attack on
343:
303:
began a campaign of indiscriminate raids and attacks against the Somalis of the
882:
300:
1017:
Churchill and the Mad Mullah of Somaliland: Betrayal and Redemption 1899-1921
890:
742:
Churchill and the Mad Mullah of Somaliland: Betrayal and Redemption 1899-1921
551:
728:(in Italian). Ufficio storico dello Stato maggiore del R. Esercito. 1929.
535:
63:
898:
866:
812:
A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa
377:, and instead moved to effectively dominate the whole Ogaden region.
328:
319:
308:
304:
280:
276:
67:
637:. Internet Archive. Washington, D.C. : CQ Press. p. 282.
374:
360:
184:
180:
688:, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 71.
354:
clans. The Sayyid's tactics which resembled that of the
986:(in French). L'Afrique littĂŠraire et artistique. 1975.
941:
The Modern History of Somaliland: From Nation to State
342:
zariba at Jigjiga. The Somali forces were composed of
1058:Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of (1902).
363:, 40 miles to the east of Jigjiga, who reported:
580:Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa
275:, stormed a military fort at the Somali city of
771:(in French). Bureau de la Revue de Paris. 1902.
365:
307:region. Somali clans residing in the plains of
18:
700:The Warrior Mullah: the Horn aflame, 1892-1920
334:The owners of these livestock appealed to the
291:against the Dervishes in the following years.
196:
8:
606:Laitin, David D.; Samatar, Said S. (1987).
582:. Cambridge University Press. p. 183.
407:military operations against the Dervishes.
782:Marcus, Harold G.; Hudson, Grover (1994).
658:Marcus, Harold G.; Hudson, Grover (1994).
504:Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1993).
423:Marcus, Harold G.; Hudson, Grover (1994).
203:
189:
181:
36:
15:
299:Between 1890 and 1899, Ethiopian Emperor
260:was fought on March 5, 1900 between the
867:"The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia"
415:
1101:Battles involving the Ethiopian Empire
912:Njoku, Raphael Chijioke (2013-02-20).
860:
858:
856:
834:
832:
610:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 54â57.
7:
702:(1. publ ed.). London: Bellew.
608:Somalia: Nation In Search Of A State
601:
599:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
529:
527:
477:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25).
847:The Nordic Africa institute library
983:L'Afrique littĂŠraire et artistique
14:
1096:African resistance to colonialism
453:textsThe Mad Mullah Of Somaliland
331:and stored the looted livestock.
483:. Scarecrow Press. p. 196.
480:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
138:
126:
106:
94:
1044:The University of Dayton Review
725:Bollettino dell'Ufficio storico
631:Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2010).
540:Transafrican Journal of History
169:
1041:Dayton, University of (1975).
871:The Journal of African History
686:A Modern History of the Somali
534:BeaureGard, Erving E. (1976).
1:
918:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
397:MuḼammad ibn 'AbdallÄh Hassan
273:MuḼammad ibn 'AbdallÄh Hassan
271:The Dervishes, led by Sayyid
133:MuḼammad ibn 'AbdallÄh Hassan
1000:The Mad Mullah Of Somaliland
957:The Betrayal of the Somalis
943:. F.A. Praeger. p. 71.
840:"Local history of Ethiopia"
809:Lewis, I. M. (2003-03-17).
1117:
954:FitzGibbon, Louis (1982).
536:"Menelik II: Another Look"
507:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
327:constructed a large thorn
1091:Modern history of Somalia
1064:. H.M. Stationery Office.
1014:Irons, Roy (2013-11-04).
883:10.1017/S0021853700005107
815:. Ohio University Press.
739:Irons, Roy (2013-11-04).
220:
161:
148:
119:
87:
46:
35:
30:EthiopianâSomali conflict
23:
865:Hess, Robert L. (1964).
450:Douglas Jardine (1923).
322:came under intermittent
1047:. University of Dayton.
997:Douglas Jardine O.B.E.
313:Mohamed Abdullah Hassan
26:Menelik II's expansions
915:The History of Somalia
578:Martin, B. G. (2003).
456:. Bellew. p. 41.
371:
120:Commanders and leaders
698:Beachey, Ray (1990).
295:Background and battle
162:Casualties and losses
1061:Parliamentary Papers
399:among Somali clans.
390:Legacy and aftermath
939:Lewis, I.M (1965).
324:military occupation
849:. 2005. p. 5.
405:British-Abyssinian
1086:History of Jijiga
1027:978-1-78346-380-0
1020:. Pen and Sword.
967:978-0-86036-194-7
925:979-8-216-09799-0
822:978-0-8214-4573-0
795:978-1-56902-013-5
788:. Red Sea Press.
768:La Revue de Paris
752:978-1-78346-380-0
745:. Pen and Sword.
709:978-0-947792-43-5
671:978-1-56902-013-5
664:. Red Sea Press.
644:978-0-87289-434-1
617:978-0-86531-555-6
589:978-0-521-53451-2
517:978-90-04-09419-2
490:978-0-8108-6604-1
463:978-0-947792-43-5
436:978-1-56902-013-5
429:. Red Sea Press.
258:Battle of Jigjiga
253:
252:
179:
178:
83:
82:
19:Battle of Jigjiga
1108:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1005:
1004:
994:
988:
987:
978:
972:
971:
951:
945:
944:
936:
930:
929:
909:
903:
902:
862:
851:
850:
844:
836:
827:
826:
806:
800:
799:
779:
773:
772:
763:
757:
756:
736:
730:
729:
720:
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713:
695:
689:
682:
676:
675:
655:
649:
648:
628:
622:
621:
603:
594:
593:
575:
560:
559:
531:
522:
521:
501:
495:
494:
474:
468:
467:
447:
441:
440:
420:
266:Dervish movement
262:Ethiopian Empire
245:Fifth Expedition
215:
205:
198:
191:
182:
143:
142:
131:
130:
129:
114:Ethiopian Empire
112:
110:
109:
101:Dervish Movement
99:
98:
97:
48:
47:
40:
16:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1008:
996:
995:
991:
980:
979:
975:
968:
960:. R. Collings.
953:
952:
948:
938:
937:
933:
926:
911:
910:
906:
864:
863:
854:
842:
838:
837:
830:
823:
808:
807:
803:
796:
781:
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764:
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753:
738:
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733:
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710:
697:
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683:
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672:
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629:
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563:
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464:
449:
448:
444:
437:
422:
421:
417:
413:
392:
383:
297:
254:
249:
216:
211:
209:
144:Grazmatch Bente
137:
127:
125:
107:
105:
95:
93:
79:Dervish victory
71:
41:
12:
11:
5:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:1900 in Africa
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1050:
1033:
1026:
1006:
989:
973:
966:
946:
931:
924:
904:
877:(3): 415â433.
852:
828:
821:
801:
794:
774:
758:
751:
731:
715:
708:
690:
677:
670:
650:
643:
623:
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561:
523:
516:
496:
489:
469:
462:
442:
435:
414:
412:
409:
391:
388:
382:
379:
356:Mahdi of Sudan
296:
293:
289:British Empire
251:
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232:
227:
221:
218:
217:
210:
208:
207:
200:
193:
185:
177:
176:
173:
168:Disputed, see
164:
163:
159:
158:
157:1,500 riflemen
155:
154:6,000 spearmen
151:
150:
146:
145:
135:
122:
121:
117:
116:
103:
90:
89:
85:
84:
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72:
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1037:
1034:
1029:
1023:
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1010:
1007:
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1001:
993:
990:
985:
984:
977:
974:
969:
963:
959:
958:
950:
947:
942:
935:
932:
927:
921:
917:
916:
908:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
859:
857:
853:
848:
841:
835:
833:
829:
824:
818:
814:
813:
805:
802:
797:
791:
787:
786:
778:
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769:
762:
759:
754:
748:
744:
743:
735:
732:
727:
726:
719:
716:
711:
705:
701:
694:
691:
687:
684:I. M. Lewis,
681:
678:
673:
667:
663:
662:
654:
651:
646:
640:
636:
635:
627:
624:
619:
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581:
574:
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568:
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174:
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166:
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147:
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136:
134:
124:
123:
118:
115:
104:
102:
92:
91:
86:
78:
75:
74:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:
54:March 5, 1900
53:
50:
49:
45:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1060:
1053:
1043:
1036:
1016:
1009:
999:
992:
982:
976:
956:
949:
940:
934:
914:
907:
874:
870:
846:
811:
804:
784:
777:
767:
761:
741:
734:
724:
718:
699:
693:
685:
680:
660:
653:
633:
626:
607:
579:
555:
546:(2): 21â31.
543:
539:
506:
499:
479:
472:
452:
445:
425:
418:
401:
393:
384:
372:
367:
366:
348:Habar Yoonis
333:
317:
298:
286:
270:
257:
255:
224:
167:
88:Belligerents
344:Dhulbahante
213:Dervish War
1075:Categories
411:References
381:Casualties
352:Habr Je'lo
340:Abyssinian
301:Menelik II
240:Dul Madoba
235:Agaarweyne
170:Casualties
70:, Ethiopia
891:0021-8537
552:0251-0391
510:. Brill.
264:and the
149:Strength
59:Location
28:and the
24:Part of
557:little.
320:Jigjiga
309:Jigjiga
279:in the
277:Jigjiga
225:Jigjiga
175:Unknown
64:Jigjiga
1024:
964:
922:
899:179976
897:
889:
819:
792:
749:
706:
668:
641:
614:
586:
550:
514:
487:
460:
433:
336:Sayyid
329:zariba
305:Ogaden
281:Ogaden
111:
76:Result
68:Ogaden
895:JSTOR
843:(PDF)
375:Harar
361:Harar
230:Erego
1022:ISBN
962:ISBN
920:ISBN
887:ISSN
817:ISBN
790:ISBN
747:ISBN
704:ISBN
666:ISBN
639:ISBN
612:ISBN
584:ISBN
548:ISSN
512:ISBN
485:ISBN
458:ISBN
431:ISBN
350:and
256:The
51:Date
879:doi
359:in
1077::
893:.
885:.
873:.
869:.
855:^
845:.
831:^
598:^
564:^
554:.
542:.
538:.
526:^
346:,
268:.
66:,
1030:.
1003:.
970:.
928:.
901:.
881::
875:5
825:.
798:.
755:.
712:.
674:.
647:.
620:.
592:.
544:5
520:.
493:.
466:.
439:.
204:e
197:t
190:v
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