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generous terms. The battle was over. Six thousand
Parliamentarians were taken as prisoners. Their weapons were taken away and they were marched to Southampton. They suffered the wrath of the Cornish people in route and as many as 3,000 died of exposure and disease along the way. Those that survived the journey were, however, eventually set free. Total casualties associated with the battle were extremely high especially when considering those who died on the march back to Southampton. To those numbers as many as 700 Parliamentarians are estimated to have been killed or wounded during the fighting in Cornwall along with an estimated 500 Royalists.
237:
1087:, he learned that King Charles had defeated Waller; brought his Oxford army to the South-West; and joined forces with Prince Maurice. Essex had also seen that he was not getting the military support from the people of Cornwall as Lord Robartes asserted. At that time, Essex understood that he and his army were trapped in Cornwall and his only salvation would be reinforcements or an escape through the port of
175:
1220:
1051:, a wealthy politician and merchant from Cornwall, that the Parliamentarians would gain considerable military support if he moved against Grenville and freed Plymouth. Given Lord Robartes’ advice, Essex advanced toward Plymouth. His action caused Grenville to end the siege. Essex then advanced further west, believing that he could take full control of the South-West from the Royalists.
1167:, Essex's commander of the infantry, counter-attacked the Royalists and pushed them back several fields attempting to give Essex time to set up a line of defense further south. At 11:00 hours, the Royalist cavalry mounted a charge and won back the territory lost. There was a lull in the battle at 12:00 hours as King Charles waited for his full army to come up and reform.
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crossed the River Fowey, joined up with
Grenville, and entered Lostwithiel. Together the Royalists engaged the Parliamentarian rear-guards and quickly took possession of the town. The Royalist also sent detachments down along the east side of the River Fowey to protect against any further breakouts and to capture the town of Polruan.
1154:
Early on the morning on 31 August, the
Parliamentarians ransacked and looted Lostwithiel and began their withdrawal south. At 07:00 hours, the Royalists observed the actions of the Parliamentarians and immediately proceeded to attack. Grenville attacked from the north. King Charles and Prince Maurice
1140:
Essex and the
Parliamentarians were now totally surrounded and boxed into a two-mile by five-mile area spanning from Lostwithiel in the north to the port of Fowey in the south. Knowing that he would not be able to fight his way out, Essex made his final plans for an escape. Since a sea evacuation of
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About that time the fighting ended with the
Royalists satisfied in their accomplishments of the day. Exhausted and discouraged, the Parliamentarians hunkered down for the night. Later that evening under the darkness of night, Essex and his command staff stole away to the seashore where they used a
1191:
The Battle of
Lostwithiel was a great victory for King Charles and the greatest loss that the Parliamentarians would suffer in the First English Civil War. For King Charles the victory secured the South-West for the remainder of the war and mitigated criticism for a while against the Royalist war
1107:
On 11 August, Grenville and the
Cornish Royalists entered Bodmin forcing out Essex's rear-guard cavalry. Grenville then proceeded south across Respryn Bridge to meet and join forces with King Charles and Prince Maurice. It is estimated that the Royalist forces at that time were composed of 12,000
1103:
Aided through intelligence provided by the people of
Cornwall , King Charles followed westward, slowly and deliberately cutting off the potential escape routes that Essex might attempt to utilize. On 6 August King Charles communicated with Essex, calling for him to surrender. Stalling for several
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Early on 1 September, Skippon met with his officers to inform them about Essex's escape and to discuss alternatives. It was decided that they would approach King
Charles and seek terms. Concerned that Parliamentarian reinforcements might be on their way, the King quickly agreed on 2 September to
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to attempt a breakout to
Plymouth. For the infantry, Essex planned to retreat south and meet Lord Warwick and the Parliamentarian fleet at Fowey. At 03:00 hours on 31 August, Balfour and 2,000 members of his cavalry executed the first step of Essex's plan when they successfully crossed the River
1124:
At 07:00 hours on 21 August, King Charles launched his first attack on Essex and the Parliamentarians at Lostwithiel. From the north, Grenville and the Cornish Royalists attacked Restormel Castle and easily dislodged the Parliamentarians who fell back quickly. From the east, King Charles and the
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and the Earl of Essex combined their armies and carried out a campaign against King Charles and the Royalist garrisons surrounding Oxford. Trusting Waller to deal with the King in Oxfordshire, Essex divided the Parliamentarian army on 6 June and headed southwest to relieve the Royalist siege of
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The fighting resumed and continued through the afternoon as the Parliamentarians tried to disengage and continue south. At 16:00 hours, the Parliamentarians tried again to counter-attack with their remaining cavalry only to be driven back by King Charles’ Life Guard. About a mile north of
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Oxford army captured Beacon Hill with little resistance from the Parliamentarians. Prince Maurice and his force occupied Druid Hill. Casualties were fairly low and by nightfall the fighting ended and the Royalists held the high ground on the north and east sides of Lostwithiel.
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For the Parliamentarians, the defeat resulted in recriminations with Middleton ultimately being blamed for his failure to break through with reinforcements. The Parliamentarian failure at Lostwithiel along with the failure to defeat King Charles at the
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foot and 7,000 horse. Over the next two days the Royalists deployed detachments along the east side of the River Fowey to prevent a Parliamentarian escape across country. Finally the Royalists sent 200 foot with artillery south to garrison the fort at
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The Royalists then began to pursue Essex and the Parliamentarian infantry down the river valley. At the outset the Royalist pushed the Parliamentarians nearly three miles south through the hedged fields, hills and valleys. At the narrow pass near
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On 26 July, King Charles arrived in Exeter and joined his Oxford army with the Royalist forces commanded by Prince Maurice. On that same day, Essex and his Parliamentary force entered Cornwall. One week later, as Essex bivouacked with his army at
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and the high ground to the east at Beacon Hill. Essex also sent a small contingent of foot south to secure the port of Fowey aiming to eventually evacuate his infantry by sea. At Essex's disposal was a force of 6,500 foot and 3,000 horse.
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Although Essex and most of the cavalry escaped, between 5,000 and 6,000 Parliamentarian infantry were forced to surrender. Since the Royalists were unable to feed so many, they were given a pass back to their own territory, arriving in
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Essex immediately marched his troops five miles south to the small town of Lostwithiel arriving on 2 August. He immediately deployed his men in a defensive arc with detachments on the high ground to the north at
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South-West England at that time was largely under the control of the Royalists. The town of Lyme, however, was a Parliamentarian stronghold and served as an important seaport for the Parliamentarian fleet of the
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For the next couple of days the two opposing forces exchanged fire only in a number of small skirmishes. On 24 August, King Charles further tightened the noose encircling the Parliamentarians when he sent
1175:, the Parliamentarians right flank began to give way. At 18:00 hours when the Parliamentarians were pushed back to Castle Dore they made their last attempt to rally only to be pushed back and surrounded.
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1112:, effectively blocking the entrance to the harbour of Fowey. At about that time, Essex learned that reinforcements under the command of Sir John Middleton were turned back by the Royalists at
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and the area to the southwest of Lostwithiel. This reduced the foraging area for the Parliamentarians and access to the coves and inlets in the vicinity of the port of Par.
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on 29 June. On 12 July after a Royalist council of war recommended that Essex be dealt with before he could be reinforced, King Charles and his Oxford army departed
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Meanwhile, in Oxfordshire, King Charles battled with the Parliamentarians and defeated Sir William Waller at the
1043:. Plymouth was the only other significant Parliamentarian stronghold in the South-West and it was under siege by
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took place over a 13-day period from 21 August to 2 September 1644, around the town of
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Essex then proceeded further southwest toward Cornwall with the intent to relieve the
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Faction and Faith: politics and religion of the Cornish gentry before the Civil War
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Considered one of the worst defeats suffered by Parliament over the course of the
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The History of Lyme-Regis, Dorset, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Day
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a month later having lost nearly half their number to disease and desertion.
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his cavalry would not be possible, Essex ordered his cavalry commander
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Battles Royal - Charles I and the Civil War in Cornwall and the West
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which took place in January 1643 a few kilometers from Lostwithiel.
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Fowey and escaped intact without engaging the Royalist defenders.
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was in Exeter, where she had recently given birth to the Princess
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fishing boat to flee to Plymouth, leaving Skippon in command.
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in Dorset. Lyme had been under siege by King Charles' nephew,
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During April and May 1644, Parliamentarian commanders Sir
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days, Essex considered the offer but ultimately refused.
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Cornwall in the Great War and Interregnum 1642 - 1660
1546:"Battle of Lostwithiel 31 August - 1 September 1644"
1687:
Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660
1588:
History of the Great Civil War, Volume II 1644-1645
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1443:Battle of Lostwithiel 31 August – 2 September 1644
1626:"Battle of Lostwithiel 21st and 31st August 1644"
1822:Carew: A Story of Civil War in the West Country
23:
1763:Lostwithiel 1644: the Campaign and the Battles
1047:and Cornish Royalists. Essex had been told by
1133:and Sir Thomas Bassett to secure the town of
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8:
1150:Second battle - 31 August - 2 September 1644
16:Battle in the First English Civil War (1644)
1803:Civil War Battles in Cornwall, 1642 to 1646
1028:, and the Royalists for nearly two months.
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1532:. CastlesFortsBattles.co.uk network. 2019
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1779:"Edward Walker: Eyewitness to civil war"
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1200:ultimately led Parliament to adopt the
1091:by means of the Parliamentarian fleet.
1591:. London: Longmans, Green, and Company
1566:"Battle of Lostwithiel 21 August 1644"
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1204:and led to the implementation of the
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1424:Battle of Lostwithiel 21 August 1644
1070:and had been denied safe conduct to
1007:for the Royalists until early 1646.
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1849:Battles of the English Civil Wars
1672:. Sherborne: Langdon and Harker.
1240:Cornwall in the English Civil War
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1120:First battle - 21–30 August 1644
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1630:UK Battlefields Resource Centre
1508:The Civil War in the South-West
1647:"Lyme & Lostwithiel, 1644"
1526:"Battle of Lostwithiel (1644)"
1:
1864:Battles involving the Cornish
1765:. The Pike and Shot Society.
1761:Ede-Borrett, Stephen (2004).
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1854:Military history of Cornwall
1585:Gardiner, Samuel R. (1893).
1281:Battle of Lostwithiel (1644)
44:21 August – 2 September 1644
1900:
1824:. Aiden Ellis Publishing.
1737:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1001:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1689:(2006 ed.). Abacus.
1056:Battle of Cropredy Bridge
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1874:17th century in Cornwall
1820:Russell, Dennis (2001).
1746:. University of Exeter.
1711:Brown, H. Miles (1982).
1666:Roberts, George (1823).
1632:. The Battlefields Trust
1604:Mackenzie, John (2020).
1572:. Historic England. 2020
1552:. Historic England. 2020
1198:Second Battle of Newbury
289:Cornwall and Lostwithiel
1606:"Battle of Lostwithiel"
1530:Battlefields of Britain
1510:. Casemate Publishers.
1234:Battle of Braddock Down
984:force commanded by the
970:First English Civil War
327:First English Civil War
31:First English Civil War
1785:. National Army Museum
1685:Royle, Trevor (2004).
1506:Barratt, John (2005).
1202:Self-denying Ordinance
125:Commanders and leaders
1742:Duffin, Anne (1996).
1645:Plant, David (2006).
1624:Marsh, Simon (2020).
954:Battle of Lostwithiel
718:Gunnislake New Bridge
208:Casualties and losses
144:Sir Richard Grenville
24:Battle of Lostwithiel
1884:Charles I of England
1783:National Army Museum
978:Charles I of England
286:class=notpageimage|
1481:, pp. 104–105.
1320:, pp. 304–305.
1078:Trapped in Cornwall
76: /
1610:BritishBattles.com
1005:South West England
792:Scarborough Castle
594:2nd Wardour Castle
494:1st Wardour Castle
1869:Conflicts in 1644
1753:978-0-85989-435-7
1696:978-0-349-11564-1
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1041:siege of Plymouth
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1551:
1547:
1543:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:9781844151462
1513:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1457:, p. 94.
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1414:, p. 90.
1413:
1408:
1405:
1402:, p. 11.
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:, p. 40.
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
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1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1116:in Somerset.
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1049:Lord Robartes
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1003:, it secured
1002:
997:
995:
989:
987:
986:Earl of Essex
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
942:
941:2nd Worcester
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
906:
905:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Denbigh Green
885:
883:
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875:
873:
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868:
865:
863:
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848:
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835:
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582:
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572:
570:
567:
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562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Roundway Down
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:Burton Bridge
527:
525:
522:
520:
519:Adwalton Moor
517:
515:
512:
510:
509:1st Worcester
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
464:Seacroft Moor
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:Braddock Down
442:
441:
440:
439:
438:
431:
428:
426:
423:
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418:
416:
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411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:Turnham Green
393:
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386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Powick Bridge
368:
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361:
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348:
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343:
342:
341:
340:
334:
329:
319:
314:
312:
307:
305:
300:
299:
296:
287:
238:
218:
212:
211:
206:
203:3,000 cavalry
194:
192:7,000 cavalry
189:
188:
183:
176:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
160:Earl of Essex
158:
157:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
123:
120:
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112:
111:
106:
98:
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94:
89:
60:
56:
51:
48:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1821:
1802:
1787:. Retrieved
1782:
1762:
1743:
1734:
1712:
1686:
1668:
1655:. Retrieved
1650:
1634:. Retrieved
1629:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1593:. Retrieved
1587:
1574:. Retrieved
1569:
1554:. Retrieved
1549:
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1507:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1376:Plant (2006)
1342:
1335:Marsh (2020)
1313:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1139:
1127:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1081:
1053:
1038:
1030:
1014:
998:
990:
976:army led by
953:
951:
931:2nd Aberdeen
903:
901:
867:Rowton Heath
769:
767:
738:1st Aberdeen
727:
713:Marston Moor
698:Tipton Green
620:
618:
579:Olney Bridge
549:Gainsborough
524:2nd Bradford
489:Sourton Down
479:Ripple Field
459:Hopton Heath
436:
434:
425:1st Bradford
420:Muster Green
405:Piercebridge
375:Kings Norton
365:Babylon Hill
338:
108:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1879:Lostwithiel
1731:Coate, Mary
1651:BCW Project
1173:Castle Dore
1131:Lord Goring
994:Southampton
980:defeated a
968:during the
962:River Fowey
958:Lostwithiel
911:Bovey Heath
862:2nd Chester
857:Philiphaugh
852:2nd Bristol
807:3rd Taunton
797:2nd Taunton
763:2nd Newbury
753:1st Taunton
748:1st Chester
728:Lostwithiel
648:Boldon Hill
589:Heptonstall
569:1st Newbury
544:1st Bristol
250:Lostwithiel
149:Lord Goring
83: /
55:Lostwithiel
1843:Categories
1805:. Mercia.
1500:References
1318:Royle 2004
1114:Bridgwater
1074:by Essex.
1011:Background
964:valley in
936:Lagganmore
926:3rd Oxford
916:Torrington
882:Annan Moor
812:2nd Oxford
777:Inverlochy
733:Tippermuir
683:1st Oxford
668:Lyme Regis
554:Gloucester
430:Chichester
415:1st Exeter
355:Portsmouth
68:50°24′29″N
1678:794348030
1246:Citations
1187:Aftermath
1135:St Blazey
1068:Henrietta
817:Leicester
633:Newcastle
534:Lansdowne
504:Wakefield
474:Lichfield
469:Camp Hill
410:Tadcaster
390:Brentford
385:Aylesbury
114:Royalists
71:4°40′01″W
1801:(1989).
1771:63144022
1733:(1933).
1212:See also
1192:effort.
1161:St. Veep
974:Royalist
966:Cornwall
842:Hereford
837:Langport
802:Auldearn
787:Weymouth
758:Carlisle
723:Ormskirk
703:Oswestry
658:Cheriton
628:Nantwich
559:2nd Hull
499:Stratton
380:Edgehill
360:Plymouth
345:1st Hull
264:Plymouth
185:Strength
59:Cornwall
49:Location
1110:Polruan
1060:Evesham
847:Kilsyth
678:Lincoln
609:Arundel
574:Winceby
484:Reading
1828:
1809:
1769:
1750:
1719:
1693:
1676:
1514:
1085:Bodmin
897:Newark
827:Alford
822:Naseby
688:Bolton
643:Newark
172:
96:Result
1789:3 May
1657:3 May
1636:1 May
1615:1 May
1595:6 May
1576:3 May
1556:3 May
1536:1 May
1089:Fowey
1064:Queen
663:Selby
599:Alton
449:Leeds
278:Fowey
53:Near
1826:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1791:2020
1767:OCLC
1748:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1674:OCLC
1659:2020
1638:2020
1617:2020
1597:2020
1578:2020
1558:2020
1538:2020
1512:ISBN
1072:Bath
1022:Lyme
972:. A
952:The
904:1646
770:1645
673:York
621:1644
437:1643
339:1642
222:700
41:Date
216:500
57:in
1845::
1781:.
1649:.
1628:.
1608:.
1568:.
1548:.
1528:.
1431:^
1354:^
1325:^
1288:^
1253:^
1208:.
1163:,
988:.
225:c.
220:c.
214:c.
201:c.
196:c.
1834:.
1815:.
1793:.
1773:.
1756:.
1725:.
1699:.
1680:.
1661:.
1640:.
1619:.
1599:.
1580:.
1560:.
1540:.
1520:.
1445:.
1426:.
1378:.
1337:.
1308:.
1283:.
317:e
310:t
303:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
