Battle of Roanoke Island - Knowledge (XXG)

825: 735: 710: 37: 646: 597:

same time draw little enough water to be able to pass through the shallow inlet, thought to be about 8 feet (2.4 m). They therefore had to buy suitable merchant ships for conversion, at the very time that Burnside and his agents were also dickering for their ships. Because the sailors were more experienced, they were able to get most of the more suitable ships. The Army was left with a mixed bag of rickety ships that were barely seaworthy. By the time the expedition got under way, the Navy had 20 gunboats, and the Coast Division had nine. The armada was supplemented by several canal boats converted into floating batteries, mounting boat howitzers and protected by sandbags and bales of hay. All told, the expedition carried 108 pieces of ordnance.

537:, at Pork Point, about a quarter of the way down the island. Across the sound, at Redstone Point opposite Fort Huger, two old canal barges had been pushed up onto the mud, protected by sandbags and cotton bales, armed with seven guns, and named Fort Forrest. These were all the guns that would bear on the sound; the southern half of the island, nearest Pamlico Sound, in the direction from which the attack would come, was unprotected. Five other guns did not face Croatan Sound: a battery of two guns on the eastern side of the island protected against possible assault across Roanoke Sound, and three others occupied an earthwork near the geometric center of the island. 136: 792: 119: 575:, so he got a respectful hearing. Although Burnside had initially intended to operate in Chesapeake Bay, in the hands of McClellan and the War Department his ideas were soon transformed into a planned assault on the North Carolina interior coast, beginning with Roanoke Island. An unspoken reason for the change of target was the mistaken belief that pro-Union sentiment was being suppressed in North Carolina, and an invasion would allow them to express their true loyalties. When it was fleshed out, the invasion of North Carolina came to be known as the 529:. He also had three regiments of North Carolina troops, the 2nd, 8th, and 31st North Carolina, plus three companies of the 17th North Carolina. The men from North Carolina were ill-equipped and poorly clothed, often armed with nothing more than their own shotguns. All told, the number came to about 1,400 infantrymen, but the number available for duty was smaller than that because the living conditions put as many as one-fourth of the command on the sick list. 429:, which extends almost to the southern border of Virginia. The linkage between these two, somewhat narrow, is further constricted by Roanoke Island. The portion of the waterway between Roanoke Island and the mainland is known as Croatan Sound. Both the island and the sound are about ten miles (16 km) long. The sound at its widest point is a little more than 4 miles (6.4 km) across, the island about half that. On the eastern side of the island is 4385: 4082: 4092: 701:

Head. The major change was negative: on February 1 Wise came down with what he called "pleurisy, with high fever and spitting of blood, threatening pneumonia." He was confined to bed at Nag's Head, and remained hospitalized until February 8, after the battle was over. Although he continued to issue orders, effective command on Roanoke Island fell to Col. H. M. Shaw of the 8th North Carolina Infantry.

4395: 876:, a Congregational chaplain, as "Superintendent of Negro Affairs for the North Carolina District", encouraging him to support the former slaves in becoming educated, growing their own food, and working. Based in New Bern, James supervised the Trent River contraband camp there, but decided to make Roanoke Island a self-sustaining colony. The 775:

North Carolina), in position to oppose the landing, was discovered and fired on by the gunboats; the defenders fled without any attempt to return fire. There was no further opposition. Almost all of the 10,000 men present were ashore by midnight. With the infantry went six launches with boat howitzers, commanded by a young midshipman,

605:, near the entrance to Chesapeake Bay. There they met the naval contingent, and on January 11 they set sail. Until this time, only Burnside and his immediate staff knew their ultimate destination. Once at sea, the captain of each ship opened his sealed orders and learned that his ship should proceed to the vicinity of Cape Hatteras. 788:

400 infantry blocking their path. Another thousand Confederates were in reserve, about 250 yards (230 m) to the rear; the front was so constricted that Col. Shaw could deploy only a quarter of his men. The defensive line ended in what were deemed impenetrable swamps on both sides, so Shaw did not protect his flanks.

799:

The leading elements of the First Brigade spread out to match their opponents' configuration, and for two hours the combatants fired at each other through blinding clouds of smoke. The 10th Connecticut relieved the exhausted, but not badly bloodied, 25th Massachusetts, but they too could not advance.

532:

Wise begged Richmond to send him some guns, as had Hill before him, but the numbers that were actually sent were inadequate. They were distributed into several nominal forts: facing Croatan Sound were twelve guns in Fort Huger, at Weir's Point, the northwestern corner of the island; four guns in Fort

493:

on August 27, 1861, the 3rd Georgia Infantry Regiment was hastily sent from Norfolk to help hold the forts there, but the forts fell before they arrived, so they were diverted to Roanoke Island. They remained there for the next three months, making somewhat desultory efforts to expel the Union forces

475:

Roanoke Island was the key to control of the Sounds. If controlled by the Union forces, they would have a base that could be attacked only by an amphibious operation, which the Rebels could not mount. If the Union established naval superiority there, all points on the mainland shores would be equally

880:

was an important model that lasted four years; it had a sawmill, established a fisheries, and by 1864 it had 2200 residents. It was overcrowded when residents reached 3900 at its peak, in part because poor soil on the island limited productivity of agriculture. Many of its people worked for the Army

787:

The Federal soldiers moved out promptly on the morning of February 8, advancing north on the only road on the island. Leading was the First Brigade's 25th Massachusetts, with Midshipman Porter's howitzers immediately following. They were soon halted, when they struck the Confederate redoubt and some

700:

While the Northern fleet was struggling over the bar, the Confederates were strangely inert. No reinforcements were sent to the island, nor, for that matter, any of the other possible targets in the region. The number of infantrymen on the island remained at about 1,400, with 800 in reserve at Nag's

691:

The entry into Pamlico Sound through Hatteras Inlet was time consuming. The swash, thought to be eight feet (2.4 m) deep, was found the hard way to be only six feet (1.8 m). Some of the Union Army ships drew too much to get across, and had to be kedged in after being lightened. Others were

661:

For many of the Federal soldiers, the voyage to Hatteras Inlet was the worst part of the battle. Earning its reputation, the weather in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras turned foul, causing many of them to become seasick. In an act of bravado, Burnside left his comfortable quarters aboard the transport

596:

Although the Union Navy would provide most of the gunnery that would be needed to suppress the Rebel batteries, Burnside decided to have some gunboats under Army control. This immediately led to some interference between the two services. The Navy had no vessels sturdy enough to go to sea and at the

544:

The Confederate Navy also made a contribution to the defense. Seven gunboats, mounting a total of only eight guns, formed the Mosquito Fleet, commanded by Flag Officer William F. Lynch. Wise, for one, believed that their net contribution was negative. Not only were their guns taken from the forts on

854:. Burnside used the island as staging ground for later assaults on New Bern and Fort Macon, resulting in their capture. Several minor expeditions took other towns on the sounds. The Burnside Expedition ended only in July, when its leader was called to Virginia to take part in the Richmond campaign. 570:

was captured for the Union, Burnside began to promote the idea of a Coast Division, to be composed of fishermen, dockworkers, and other watermen from the northeastern states, and used to attack coastal areas. He reasoned that such men were already familiar with ships, and therefore would be easy to

501:

was assigned to command the coastal defenses of North Carolina in the vicinity of the sounds. Hill set his soldiers to putting up earthworks across the center of the island, but he was called away to service in Virginia before they were completed. Shortly after his departure, his district was split

404:

On the second day, February 8, the Union soldiers advanced but were stopped by an artillery battery and accompanying infantry in the center of the island. Although the Confederates thought that their line was safely anchored in impenetrable swamps, they were flanked on both sides and their soldiers

820:

to attack. As they were firing on the Confederates, the 23rd Massachusetts, from the First Brigade, appeared on the other end of the line. The defensive line began to crack; noting this, Foster ordered his remaining forces to attack. Under assault from three sides, the Confederates broke and fled.

696:

never made it at all; she could not get close enough to Hatteras Island even for the men aboard to be taken off. She returned to Annapolis with the majority of the regiment, the 53rd New York, and only a detachment of the command was active in the Battle of Roanoke Island. Not until February 4 was

917:

General Wise was in overall command of the Roanoke Defenses, but he came down with what he called "pleurisy, with high fever and spitting of blood, threatening pneumonia." He continued to issue orders from his sickbed at Nag's Head, but remained hospitalized until 8 February, after the battle was

774:

The Army transports, accompanied by its gunboats, had in the meantime arrived at Ashby Harbor, near the midpoint of the island. At 15:00, Burnside ordered the landings to begin, and at 16:00 the troops were reaching shore. A 200-man strong Confederate force commanded by Col. John V. Jordan (31st

600:

While Burnside's agents were purchasing the gunboats they were also buying or leasing other vessels to be used as transports. The soldiers and transports for the expedition assembled at Annapolis. Embarkation began on January 5, 1862, and on January 9 they began to get under way, with orders to

717:

The fleet got under way early the morning after they had assembled in the sound (February 5), and by nightfall were near the southern end of Roanoke Island, where they anchored. Rain and strong winds prevented movements the next day. The major activity was Goldsborough's shift of his flag from

549:

Captain Lynch was energetic, zealous, and active, but he gave too much consequence entirely to his fleet of gunboats, which hindered transportation of piles, lumber, forage, supplies of all kinds, and of troops, by taking away the steam-tugs and converting them into perfectly imbecile

756:

The weakness of the Confederate position was revealed at this time. Only four of the guns at Fort Bartow would bear on the Union gunboats. Forts Huger and Blanchard could not contribute at all. Fort Forrest, on the other side of the sound, was rendered completely useless when gunboat

832:

As no fall-back defenses had been set up, and he was bereft of artillery, Col. Shaw surrendered to Foster. Included in the capitulation were not only the 1,400 infantry that he commanded directly, but also the guns in the forts. Two additional regiments (2nd North Carolina and

824: 670:

He chose this vessel because he considered her to be the least seaworthy ship in his command, and by showing his troops that he was willing to share their misery, he earned their devotion. When the storm struck, he began to doubt the wisdom of his move, but

540:

Wise made one other contribution to the defense. He found some pile drivers, and was able to impede the sound between Forts Huger and Forrest by a double row of piles, augmented by sunken hulks. The barrier was still being worked on when the attack came.

940:

Gen. Wise, the former governor of Virginia, pointed out the importance of Roanoke Island when he requested aid before the battle: ORA I, v. 9, pp. 134, 138. Following the battle, he reiterated the evaluation in a rancorous outburst: ORA I, v. 9, p.

396:

During the first day of the battle, the Federal gunboats and the forts on shore engaged in a gun battle, with occasional contributions from the Mosquito Fleet. Late in the day, Burnside's soldiers went ashore unopposed; they were accompanied by six

734: 849:

Roanoke Island remained in Union control for the rest of the war. Immediately after the battle, the Federal gunboats passed the now-silent Confederate forts into Albemarle Sound, and destroyed what was left of the Mosquito Fleet at the

261: 840:

Aside from the men who went into captivity, casualties were rather light by American Civil War standards. The Federal forces lost 37 killed, 214 wounded, and 13 missing. The Confederates lost 23 killed, 58 wounded, and 62 missing.

476:

vulnerable to assault. The Confederate defenders would be forced into an impossible situation: they would either have to give up some positions without a fight, or they would have to spread their assets too thin to be of any use.

753:, where they were divided; some were ordered to fire on the fort at Pork Point (Fort Bartow), while others were to concentrate their fire on the seven vessels of the Mosquito Fleet. At about noon, the bombardment began. 731:. On February 7 the weather moderated, and the Navy gunboats got into position. They first fired a few shells inland at Ashby Harbor, the intended landing place, and determined that the defenders had no batteries there. 456:. Through most of the first year of the Civil War, the Confederate forces retained control of the sounds, so that coastwise water-borne commerce of the eastern part of the state was unimpeded. The sounds were linked to 468:. The blockade of Norfolk could not be complete so long as cargoes could reach the city through its back door. Communications were not affected appreciably when Federal forces captured the forts on the Outer Banks at 713:

Map of Roanoke Island, showing forts and fleet dispositions, February 7, 1862, on the left, and on the right, the battlefield where opposing armies met on February 8. Prepared by Lt. Andrews, 9th N.Y. Regiment.

687:

were all lost, although all persons aboard were rescued. The only personnel losses were two officers of the 9th New Jersey, who were drowned when their surfboat overturned following a visit to the flagship.

4458: 254: 3740: 4059: 3886: 1601: 812:

came up with the Third Brigade, and it was immediately sent to assist. Although they were not coordinated, the two flanking movements emerged from the swamp at nearly the same time. Reno ordered his

857:

After Burnside left, North Carolina ceased to be an active center of the war. With only one or two exceptions, no notable military actions took place until the last days of the conflict, when the

4473: 247: 767:

Losses were light on both sides despite the intensity of the fight. Several of the Union ships were hit, but none suffered severe damage. This was true for the Confederates also, aside from

4128: 837:) had been sent as reinforcements. They arrived too late to take part in the battle, but not too late to take part in the surrender. Altogether, some 2,500 men became prisoners of war. 3569: 3024: 3019: 521:

Wise had been commander of the so-called Wise Legion, but his troops did not accompany him. The Legion was broken up, although he was able to retain two of his old regiments, the

3029: 4370: 3790: 3679: 3664: 1508: 1056:

pp. 19–21. North Carolina was indeed only loosely attached to the Confederacy, but most pro-Union activity and sentiment was found in the mountainous western part of the state.

3456: 3376: 1904: 1422:

Series I: 53 volumes. Series II: 8 volumes. Series III: 5 volumes. Series IV: 4 volumes. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1886–1901. Series I, volume 9 is most useful.

645: 417:. Although they are all one body, intimately connected and having a common water level, they are conceptually divided into several distinct regions. The largest of these is 4468: 4349: 1638: 4388: 3484: 4463: 4453: 4354: 1899: 4398: 3674: 3649: 3451: 3359: 1909: 1643: 3501: 3144: 2533: 2412: 813: 405:

were driven back to refuge in the forts. The forts were taken in reverse. With no way for his men to escape, Col. Shaw surrendered to avoid pointless bloodshed.

4121: 4028: 3386: 3139: 3134: 2560: 1218:

Jordan later stated that he retreated in order not to be cut off, that he was under positive orders to save his artillery "at all hazards." ORA I, v. 9, p. 176.

2392: 1462: 510:, whose command included Albemarle Sound and Roanoke Island, but not Pamlico Sound and its cities. It is also significant that Branch reported to Brig. Gen. 3949: 3479: 2528: 2287: 4043: 3906: 3891: 2322: 1938: 1417: 4414: 3896: 3659: 3629: 3267: 3196: 1894: 1889: 581:

As recruiting progressed, Burnside organized the Coast Division into three brigades, led by three friends from his Military Academy days. Brig. Gen.

4137: 4114: 3810: 3745: 2447: 2422: 1658: 1633: 1583: 1563: 1435: 654: 4488: 4013: 3988: 3704: 3401: 3297: 3149: 2482: 2362: 1573: 898: 576: 413:

Northeastern North Carolina is dominated by its sounds; large but shallow bodies of brackish-to-salt water that lie between the mainland and the

271: 3954: 3699: 2442: 2437: 2112: 877: 989:, pp. 62–63. Hill first reported for duty on October 4, and was relieved by Branch on November 16. Branch's district was split on December 21. 452:. Others, not lying directly on the sounds, were accessible to the rivers that emptied into them. As much as a third of the state is in their 3526: 2518: 2513: 2377: 2277: 1528: 692:

too deep even to be kedged in; the men or materials they carried had to be brought ashore on Hatteras Island, and the ships sent back. Bark

4478: 3785: 3489: 3461: 2700: 2508: 2477: 2407: 2267: 1841: 3775: 3765: 3416: 3124: 2487: 2452: 2347: 1925: 4151: 3926: 3916: 3901: 3669: 3494: 2523: 2472: 2417: 2382: 2367: 2357: 2342: 2317: 2272: 2257: 2192: 2069: 1518: 1386: 567: 490: 469: 347: 335: 181: 1295: 4038: 3921: 3911: 3639: 3235: 3129: 3006: 2503: 2467: 2387: 2327: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2252: 1683: 1675: 1553: 1497: 1400: 1365: 1351: 817: 764:, holed at the waterline, ran ashore directly in front in her effort to avoid sinking, and in so doing masked the guns of the fort. 389:, and two outlying batteries. At the time of the battle, Wise was hospitalized, so leadership fell to his second in command, Col. 4313: 2432: 2397: 2337: 1455: 1409:

Series I: 27 volumes. Series II: 3 volumes. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894–1922. Series I, volume 6 is most useful.

889:

taught reading and writing to classes of both children and adults. It was an important step toward citizenship for the freedmen.

2033: 4483: 3998: 3983: 3865: 3825: 3724: 3709: 3694: 3689: 3521: 3426: 2457: 2352: 2312: 1869: 886: 865: 4023: 3342: 3106: 2462: 2427: 2332: 1568: 630: 619: 461: 2038: 4498: 4207: 3381: 3302: 3119: 2585: 2043: 1851: 140: 135: 4298: 4192: 3654: 3396: 3186: 3161: 2873: 1948: 1653: 1593: 882: 869: 858: 791: 310: 177: 1538: 4282: 4085: 3833: 3584: 3421: 3411: 3406: 3364: 2788: 1448: 2087: 472:

in August 1861, as the Union Navy could not bring its deep-water vessels into the sounds through the shallow inlets.

3976: 3564: 3391: 3274: 3252: 3181: 3096: 2157: 1958: 1836: 1818: 1286:

v.1, p. 670. Many of the Confederate missing were North Carolinians, and were presumed to have fled to their homes.

127: 99: 950:

The label "key" was frequently applied. ORA I, v. 4, pp. 578-79, 682, 718; v. 9, pp. 115, 126, 134, 138, 187, 188.

4259: 4254: 4249: 4177: 4095: 4008: 3964: 3770: 3552: 3354: 3327: 3307: 3208: 3014: 2919: 2217: 2132: 2048: 1698: 1623: 295: 4277: 4172: 3971: 3855: 3780: 3755: 3750: 3714: 3634: 3332: 3317: 2898: 2402: 2182: 2147: 2082: 2023: 2018: 1748: 851: 515: 441: 290: 1337:

Johnson, Robert Underwood, and Clarence Clough Buell, eds. New York:Century, 1887–1888; reprint, Castle, n.d.

4493: 4318: 4223: 3959: 3579: 3547: 3542: 3240: 3213: 2605: 2102: 2092: 1864: 1859: 1713: 873: 719: 503: 366: 1298:, provided by National Park Service, at North Carolina Digital History: LEARN NC, accessed 11 November 2010 3944: 3644: 3218: 2808: 2645: 2620: 2152: 2053: 1968: 1708: 1617: 834: 526: 522: 3054: 4328: 4323: 4187: 3860: 3760: 3223: 3176: 3086: 2761: 2751: 2197: 2187: 2172: 2122: 2077: 1733: 1718: 1611: 776: 354: 305: 156: 3574: 1042: 1041:

ORA I, v. 9, p. 129. Lynch was not the only target of Wise's invective; this link gives other examples.

4303: 4228: 4202: 4018: 3870: 3843: 3312: 3091: 3074: 2731: 2372: 2227: 2212: 2207: 2177: 2162: 2142: 1760: 1664: 1548: 3156: 4308: 4272: 4182: 4003: 3795: 3684: 3558: 3203: 2903: 2863: 2848: 2741: 2590: 2292: 2262: 2222: 2097: 2058: 2028: 1983: 1943: 1543: 1533: 808:

then ordered two of his reserve regiments to do the same on the right. About this time, Brig. Gen.

572: 489:

The defense of Roanoke Island started in an accidental manner. When the Federal fleet appeared off

323: 300: 4091: 868:

and by late 1862, hundreds more escaped slaves had joined them. While Foster was commander of the

3849: 3719: 3245: 3230: 3111: 3069: 3041: 2878: 2843: 2690: 2650: 2167: 2137: 2127: 2003: 1998: 1978: 1973: 1953: 1703: 1606: 1523: 1471: 1379:

Stonewall in the Valley: Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Spring 1862.

534: 465: 331: 28: 2823: 1311:

War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies.

239: 675:

survived and got him safely to his destination. Three vessels in the armada were not so lucky:

4197: 3347: 2949: 2883: 2818: 2721: 2640: 2600: 2202: 2008: 1963: 1578: 1396: 1382: 1361: 1347: 511: 457: 738:

Attack on the Confederate Batteries at Roanoke Island by the Federal gun-boats; on board the

4233: 2959: 2828: 2798: 2793: 2726: 2665: 2660: 2615: 2282: 2117: 2107: 2013: 1993: 1988: 1738: 1728: 1688: 1344:

From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War.

374: 362: 152: 4106: 779:. The Union soldiers pushed inland a short distance and then went into camp for the night. 401:

manned by sailors. As it was too late to fight, the invaders went into camp for the night.

334:, fought on February 7–8, 1862, in the North Carolina Sounds a short distance south of the 4033: 3322: 3171: 3064: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2924: 2893: 2803: 2746: 2736: 2695: 1723: 1693: 1513: 804:, ordered them to try to penetrate the "impenetrable" swamp on the Union left. Brig. Gen. 771:

but the remaining Mosquito Fleet had to retire simply because they ran out of ammunition.

743: 426: 422: 36: 3101: 3049: 2888: 2853: 2813: 2705: 2685: 2680: 2635: 1914: 1755: 1743: 1423: 805: 726: 650: 582: 555: 498: 453: 449: 386: 370: 88: 80: 1338: 4447: 4333: 4264: 3369: 2969: 2964: 2954: 2929: 2838: 2833: 2675: 2670: 2655: 2625: 2595: 1933: 1558: 1410: 809: 801: 800:

No progress was made until the Second Brigade arrived, and its commander, Brig. Gen.

750: 590: 586: 507: 430: 418: 390: 378: 165: 161: 123: 118: 84: 1244:

This is a presumption. Shaw did not explain why his flanks were uncovered. Trotter,

545:

the island, but so were their crews. He gave vent to his feelings after the battle:

3838: 3815: 3805: 3800: 3337: 3279: 3191: 3166: 3079: 3059: 2858: 2756: 351: 1407:

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.

1317:

Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.

571:

train for amphibious operations. Burnside was a close friend of General-in-Chief

2610: 1648: 1628: 1430: 1358:

Storm over Carolina: The Confederate Navy's Struggle for Eastern North Carolina.

602: 414: 3993: 2868: 2630: 1831: 1826: 758: 358: 343: 4429: 4416: 3257: 709: 558:

was part of the defense, and the Union forces would have to deal with it.

3262: 533:

Blanchard, about a mile (1.6 km) to the southeast; and nine guns in

437: 398: 339: 697:

the fleet as ready as it ever would be and assembled in Pamlico Sound.

514:, who commanded the Department of North Carolina, while Wise was under 445: 377:, and about 2,000 Confederate soldiers commanded locally by Brig. Gen. 1440: 593:

the Third. In early January, nearly 13,000 men were ready for duty.

436:

Several North Carolina cities were sited on the sounds, among them

823: 790: 733: 708: 644: 382: 828:

Fort Bartow, Roanoke Island, after its capture by the Federalists

497:

Little was done to secure the position until early October, when

4110: 4060:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

3605: 2994: 2558: 1781: 1482: 1444: 1372:

The Rebel Shore: The Story of Union Sea Power in the Civil War.

243: 440:(usually written New Berne in the mid-nineteenth century), 861:

closed Wilmington, the last open port in the Confederacy.

4459:

Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

338:

border. The attacking force consisted of a flotilla of

795:

Union troops assault the Confederate three-gun battery

502:

in two; the southern part was assigned to Brig. Gen.

864:

The Army classified the slaves on Roanoke Island as

4474:

Battles of the American Civil War in North Carolina

4363: 4342: 4291: 4242: 4216: 4160: 4144: 4052: 3937: 3879: 3824: 3733: 3622: 3535: 3514: 3472: 3444: 3435: 3288: 3040: 3005: 2912: 2781: 2774: 2714: 2578: 2571: 2496: 2243: 2236: 2067: 1923: 1882: 1850: 1817: 1810: 1674: 1592: 1493: 783:

Second day: Union advance and Confederate surrender

365:. The defenders were a group of gunboats from the 1333:Burnside, Ambrose E., "The Burnside Expedition," 881:for wages, and more than 150 men enlisted in the 3746:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 742:were General Burnside and the war correspondent 518:, who was in charge of the defenses of Norfolk. 506:, while the northern part was put in control of 433:, much narrower, shallower, and less important. 361:control, and an army division led by Brig. Gen. 322:The opening phase of what came to be called the 21: 3570:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 4122: 1456: 649:Sketch showing route of Burnside's forces to 255: 8: 666:and with his staff went aboard Army gunboat 4129: 4115: 4107: 3619: 3602: 3441: 3002: 2991: 2778: 2575: 2568: 2555: 2240: 1814: 1807: 1778: 1490: 1479: 1463: 1449: 1441: 262: 248: 240: 18: 4469:Union victories of the American Civil War 42:Capture of Roanoke Island, Feby. 8th 1862 4138:North Carolina in the American Civil War 1659:Treatment of slaves in the United States 4464:Naval battles of the American Civil War 3402:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1574:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 910: 885:. Missionary teachers recruited by the 3387:Modern display of the Confederate flag 1296:"The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony" 425:; to its north is the second largest, 1584:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 1335:Battles and leaders of the Civil War, 357:, a separate group of gunboats under 7: 4454:Burnside's North Carolina Expedition 4394: 1431:National Park Service Battle Summary 1420:of the Union and Confederate Armies. 1393:Ironclads and Columbiads: The Coast. 899:Burnside's North Carolina Expedition 641:From Chesapeake Bay to Pamlico Sound 381:. The defense was augmented by four 273:Burnside's North Carolina Expedition 3741:Committee on the Conduct of the War 3417:United Daughters of the Confederacy 1305:Abbreviations used in these notes: 878:Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island 330:was an amphibious operation of the 4152:Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries 3811:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 3150:impeachment managers investigation 1529:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 683:carrying horses; and Army gunboat 679:laden with ordnance and supplies; 585:led the First Brigade, Brig. Gen. 385:facing on the water approaches to 348:North Atlantic Blockading Squadron 182:North Atlantic Blockading Squadron 14: 3236:Reconstruction military districts 1684:Abolitionism in the United States 1639:Plantations in the American South 1554:Origins of the American Civil War 4393: 4384: 4383: 4090: 4081: 4080: 3219:Enforcement Act of February 1871 3192:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 1315:ORN (Official records, navies): 1309:ORA (Official records, armies): 554:Despite Wise's disapproval, the 134: 117: 35: 16:Battle of the American Civil War 4004:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 3866:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 3427:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 1181:From Cape Charles to Cape Fear, 1054:From Cape Charles to Cape Fear, 1017:From Cape Charles to Cape Fear, 887:American Missionary Association 655:U.S. Government Printing Office 4489:1862 in the American Civil War 3107:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 462:Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal 1: 4314:Battle of Monroe's Crossroads 4208:Battle of Goldsborough Bridge 3522:Ladies' Memorial Associations 3224:Enforcement Act of April 1871 3120:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 1139:The Union Army, Vol. 2, p. 89 4299:Second Battle of Fort Fisher 3655:Confederate revolving cannon 3397:Sons of Confederate Veterans 3268:South Carolina riots of 1876 3246:Indian Council at Fort Smith 3197:South Carolina riots of 1876 3162:Knights of the White Camelia 1654:Slavery in the United States 1374:Little, Brown and Co., 1957. 883:United States Colored Troops 870:Department of North Carolina 859:Second Battle of Fort Fisher 178:Department of North Carolina 64:– February 8, 1862 4479:Dare County, North Carolina 4283:First Battle of Fort Fisher 4009:New York City riots of 1863 3834:Battle Hymn of the Republic 3585:United Confederate Veterans 3422:Children of the Confederacy 3412:United Confederate Veterans 3407:Southern Historical Society 2039:Price's Missouri Expedition 1509:Timeline leading to the War 631:Confederate order of battle 589:the Second, and Brig. Gen. 4515: 3977:Confederate Secret Service 3565:Grand Army of the Republic 3457:Grand Army of the Republic 3275:Southern Claims Commission 628: 617: 56:February 7, 1862 4379: 4260:Battle of Albemarle Sound 4193:Battle of Tranter's Creek 4076: 3965:Confederate States dollar 3776:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 3771:Emancipation Proclamation 3665:Medal of Honor recipients 3618: 3601: 3553:Confederate Memorial Hall 3355:Confederate Memorial Hall 3328:Confederate History Month 3308:Civil War Discovery Trail 3209:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 3015:Reconstruction Amendments 3001: 2990: 2567: 2554: 1806: 1777: 1624:Emancipation Proclamation 1489: 1478: 1342:Browning, Robert M. Jr., 1272:Ironclads and columbiads, 1259:Ironclads and columbiads, 1246:Ironclads and columbiads, 1229:Ironclads and columbiads, 1207:Ironclads and columbiads, 1194:Ironclads and columbiads, 1148:ORA I, v. 9, pp. 361–362. 1102:Ironclads and columbiads, 1030:Ironclads and columbiads, 1000:Ironclads and columbiads, 987:Ironclads and columbiads, 974:Ironclads and columbiads, 281: 203: 190: 171: 146: 110: 48: 34: 26: 4278:Rainbow Bluff Expedition 4173:Battle of Elizabeth City 4168:Battle of Roanoke Island 4039:U.S. Sanitary Commission 3950:Battlefield preservation 3856:Marching Through Georgia 3781:Hampton Roads Conference 3756:Confiscation Act of 1862 3751:Confiscation Act of 1861 3527:U.S. national cemeteries 3333:Confederate Memorial Day 3318:Civil War Trails Program 3187:New Orleans riot of 1866 1425:The War of the Rebellion 1360:Cumberland House, 2005. 1346:Univ. of Alabama, 1993. 852:Battle of Elizabeth City 516:Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger 328:Battle of Roanoke Island 22:Battle of Roanoke Island 4319:Battle of Averasborough 4224:Battle of Fort Anderson 3960:Confederate war finance 3580:Southern Cross of Honor 3548:1938 Gettysburg reunion 3543:1913 Gettysburg reunion 3241:Reconstruction Treaties 3214:Enforcement Act of 1870 3097:Freedman's Savings Bank 1714:Lane Debates on Slavery 1539:Lincoln–Douglas debates 1395:Joseph F. Blair, 1989. 1381:Stackpole Books, 1996. 929:Stonewall in the Valley 872:, in 1863 he appointed 367:Confederate States Navy 4484:1862 in North Carolina 4019:Richmond riots of 1863 3945:Baltimore riot of 1861 3725:U.S. Military Railroad 3645:Confederate Home Guard 3377:Historiographic issues 3343:Historical reenactment 1842:Revenue Cutter Service 1709:William Lloyd Garrison 1618:Dred Scott v. Sandford 829: 796: 746: 714: 705:First day: Bombardment 658: 552: 494:from Hatteras Island. 147:Commanders and leaders 4329:Battle of Morrisville 4324:Battle of Bentonville 4188:Battle of South Mills 3984:Great Revival of 1863 3861:Maryland, My Maryland 3650:Confederate railroads 3313:Civil War Roundtables 3182:Meridian riot of 1871 3177:Memphis riots of 1866 1734:George Luther Stearns 1719:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 1612:Crittenden Compromise 1416:A Compilation of the 1391:Trotter, William R., 1356:Campbell, R. Thomas, 827: 816:, 51st New York, and 794: 737: 712: 648: 629:Further information: 620:Union order of battle 618:Further information: 547: 421:, immediately behind 355:Louis M. Goldsborough 204:Casualties and losses 157:Louis M. Goldsborough 44:, by Currier and Ives 4499:February 1862 events 4304:Battle of Wilmington 4229:Battle of Washington 4203:Battle of White Hall 3871:Daar kom die Alibama 3786:National Union Party 3462:memorials to Lincoln 3382:Lost Cause mythology 3087:Eufaula riot of 1874 3075:Confederate refugees 2288:District of Columbia 1915:Union naval blockade 1761:Underground Railroad 1549:Nullification crisis 1405:US Navy Department, 1284:Battles and leaders, 1233:Battles and leaders, 1170:ORA I, v. 9, p. 145. 1159:Battles and leaders, 1128:Battles and leaders, 1115:Battles and leaders, 1078:ORA I, v. 9, p. 358. 1067:Battles and leaders, 1004:Battles and leaders, 961:Storm over Carolina, 577:Burnside Expedition. 504:Lawrence O'B. Branch 4430:35.8783°N 75.6678°W 4426: / 4309:Battle of Wyse Fork 4273:Capture of Plymouth 4183:Siege of Fort Macon 4029:Supreme Court cases 3796:Radical Republicans 3575:Old soldiers' homes 3559:Confederate Veteran 3485:artworks in Capitol 3204:Reconstruction acts 3065:Colfax riot of 1873 2029:Richmond-Petersburg 1634:Fugitive slave laws 1564:Popular sovereignty 1544:Missouri Compromise 1534:Kansas-Nebraska Act 1436:CWSAC Report Update 1414:US War Department, 1377:Tanner, Robert G., 749:They then moved up 573:George B. McClellan 566:A short time after 485:Confederate defense 324:Burnside Expedition 4255:Battle of Plymouth 4250:Battle of New Bern 4178:Battle of New Bern 3850:A Lincoln Portrait 3791:Politicians killed 3715:U.S. Balloon Corps 3710:Union corps badges 3490:memorials to Davis 3360:Disenfranchisement 3231:Reconstruction era 3112:Timber Culture Act 3070:Compromise of 1877 2034:Franklin–Nashville 1704:Frederick Douglass 1607:Cornerstone Speech 1524:Compromise of 1850 1472:American Civil War 1370:Miller, James M., 1161:v. 1, pp. 664–666. 830: 814:21st Massachusetts 797: 777:Benjamin H. Porter 747: 715: 659: 466:Dismal Swamp Canal 332:American Civil War 29:American Civil War 4435:35.8783; -75.6678 4409: 4408: 4198:Battle of Kinston 4104: 4103: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4067: 3902:Italian Americans 3887:African Americans 3844:John Brown's Body 3597: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3510: 3509: 3348:Robert E. Lee Day 3092:Freedmen's Bureau 3055:Brooks–Baxter War 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2770: 2769: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541: 1959:Northern Virginia 1905:Trans-Mississippi 1878: 1877: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1665:Uncle Tom's Cabin 1602:African Americans 1231:p. 81. Burnside, 1130:v. 1, pp. 663-65. 677:City of New York, 512:Richard C. Gatlin 458:Norfolk, Virginia 319: 318: 238: 237: 141:CSA (Confederacy) 106: 105: 4506: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4397: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4234:Siege of Suffolk 4131: 4124: 4117: 4108: 4094: 4084: 4083: 3907:Native Americans 3892:German Americans 3685:Partisan rangers 3680:Official Records 3620: 3603: 3495:memorials to Lee 3442: 3003: 2992: 2779: 2576: 2569: 2556: 2529:Washington, D.C. 2323:Indian Territory 2283:Dakota Territory 2241: 2158:Chancellorsville 1949:Jackson's Valley 1939:Blockade runners 1815: 1808: 1779: 1739:Thaddeus Stevens 1729:Lysander Spooner 1689:Susan B. Anthony 1491: 1480: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1442: 1418:Official Records 1299: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1268: 1262: 1255: 1249: 1242: 1236: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1203: 1197: 1190: 1184: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1131: 1124: 1118: 1111: 1105: 1098: 1092: 1089:The Rebel shore, 1085: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1063: 1057: 1050: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1026: 1020: 1013: 1007: 996: 990: 983: 977: 970: 964: 957: 951: 948: 942: 938: 932: 925: 919: 915: 375:William F. Lynch 363:Ambrose Burnside 276: 274: 264: 257: 250: 241: 234:30 guns captured 153:Ambrose Burnside 139: 138: 122: 121: 71: 69: 63: 61: 50: 49: 39: 19: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4444: 4443: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4375: 4359: 4338: 4287: 4265:Sinking of CSS 4238: 4212: 4156: 4140: 4135: 4105: 4100: 4064: 4048: 3933: 3897:Irish Americans 3875: 3820: 3729: 3720:U.S. Home Guard 3660:Field artillery 3614: 3613: 3589: 3531: 3506: 3468: 3437: 3431: 3323:Civil War Trust 3290: 3284: 3172:Ethnic violence 3157:Kirk–Holden war 3036: 2997: 2974: 2908: 2766: 2710: 2563: 2538: 2492: 2245: 2232: 2063: 2044:Sherman's March 2024:Bermuda Hundred 1919: 1874: 1846: 1802: 1801: 1765: 1724:J. Sella Martin 1694:James G. Birney 1670: 1588: 1514:Bleeding Kansas 1502: 1485: 1474: 1469: 1330: 1325: 1303: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1252: 1243: 1239: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1204: 1200: 1191: 1187: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1108: 1099: 1095: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1064: 1060: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1023: 1014: 1010: 997: 993: 984: 980: 971: 967: 958: 954: 949: 945: 939: 935: 926: 922: 916: 912: 907: 895: 847: 785: 744:Frank Vizetelly 707: 643: 638: 633: 627: 622: 616: 611: 609:Opposing forces 568:Hatteras Island 564: 499:Brig. Gen. Hill 487: 482: 427:Albemarle Sound 423:Hatteras Island 411: 350:, commanded by 346:drawn from the 320: 315: 311:Tranter's Creek 277: 272: 270: 268: 233: 231: 229: 227: 225: 217: 215: 213: 180: 164: 155: 133: 116: 91: 67: 65: 59: 57: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4512: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4494:Roanoke Island 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4446: 4445: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4391: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4088: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4044:Women soldiers 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3999:Naming the war 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3635:Campaign Medal 3632: 3626: 3624: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610:Related topics 3607: 3606: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3448: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3338:Decoration Day 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3294: 3292: 3291:Reconstruction 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3145:second inquiry 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3109: 3102:Homestead Acts 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3050:Alabama Claims 3046: 3044: 3042:Reconstruction 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3030:15th Amendment 3027: 3025:14th Amendment 3022: 3020:13th Amendment 3011: 3009: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2783: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2651:J. E. Johnston 2648: 2646:A. S. Johnston 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2586:R. H. Anderson 2582: 2580: 2573: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2448:South Carolina 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2423:North Carolina 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2148:Fredericksburg 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2088:Wilson's Creek 2085: 2080: 2074: 2072: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1928: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1900:Lower Seaboard 1897: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1812: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1756:Harriet Tubman 1753: 1752: 1751: 1744:Charles Sumner 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1579:States' rights 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1453: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1412: 1403: 1389: 1387:978-0811720649 1375: 1368: 1354: 1340: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:External links 1321: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1301: 1300: 1288: 1276: 1263: 1250: 1237: 1220: 1211: 1198: 1185: 1172: 1163: 1150: 1141: 1132: 1119: 1106: 1093: 1080: 1071: 1058: 1045: 1034: 1021: 1008: 991: 978: 965: 952: 943: 933: 920: 909: 908: 906: 903: 902: 901: 894: 891: 846: 843: 818:9th New Jersey 806:John G. Foster 784: 781: 706: 703: 664:George Peabody 651:Hatteras Inlet 642: 639: 637: 634: 626: 623: 615: 612: 610: 607: 601:rendezvous at 583:John G. Foster 563: 560: 556:Mosquito Fleet 491:Hatteras Inlet 486: 483: 481: 478: 470:Hatteras Inlet 450:Elizabeth City 410: 407: 387:Roanoke Island 373:, under Capt. 371:Mosquito Fleet 317: 316: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 291:Elizabeth City 288: 286:Roanoke Island 282: 279: 278: 269: 267: 266: 259: 252: 244: 236: 235: 232:2,500 captured 219: 206: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 184: 174: 173: 172:Units involved 169: 168: 159: 149: 148: 144: 143: 131: 113: 112: 108: 107: 104: 103: 97: 93: 92: 89:North Carolina 81:Roanoke Island 79: 77: 73: 72: 54: 46: 45: 32: 31: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4511: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4442: 4439: 4402: 4401: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4334:Bennett Place 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4014:Photographers 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:Gender issues 3987: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3816:War Democrats 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3806:Union Leagues 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3705:Turning point 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675:Naval battles 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3438:and memorials 3434: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3298:Commemoration 3296: 3295: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3140:first inquiry 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3060:Carpetbaggers 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2483:West Virginia 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2403:New Hampshire 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2363:Massachusetts 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2103:Hampton Roads 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2093:Fort Donelson 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989:Morgan's Raid 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1934:Anaconda Plan 1932: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1910:Pacific Coast 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1644:Positive good 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1559:Panic of 1857 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1519:Border states 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1401:0-89587-088-6 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1366:1-58182-486-6 1363: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1352:0-8173-5019-5 1349: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1297: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1006:v. 1, p. 670. 1005: 1001: 995: 992: 988: 982: 979: 975: 969: 966: 962: 956: 953: 947: 944: 937: 934: 930: 924: 921: 914: 911: 904: 900: 897: 896: 892: 890: 888: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 855: 853: 844: 842: 838: 836: 835:46th Virginia 826: 822: 819: 815: 811: 810:John G. Parke 807: 803: 802:Jesse L. Reno 793: 789: 782: 780: 778: 772: 770: 765: 763: 762: 754: 752: 751:Croatan Sound 745: 741: 736: 732: 730: 729: 724: 723: 711: 704: 702: 698: 695: 689: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 665: 656: 652: 647: 640: 635: 632: 624: 621: 613: 608: 606: 604: 598: 594: 592: 591:John G. Parke 588: 587:Jesse L. Reno 584: 579: 578: 574: 569: 562:Union offense 561: 559: 557: 551: 546: 542: 538: 536: 530: 528: 527:59th Virginia 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 508:Henry A. Wise 505: 500: 495: 492: 484: 479: 477: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 431:Roanoke Sound 428: 424: 420: 419:Pamlico Sound 416: 408: 406: 402: 400: 394: 392: 391:Henry M. Shaw 388: 384: 380: 379:Henry A. Wise 376: 372: 369:, termed the 368: 364: 360: 356: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 280: 275: 265: 260: 258: 253: 251: 246: 245: 242: 223: 220: 211: 208: 207: 202: 198: 195: 194: 189: 186:Wise's Legion 185: 183: 179: 176: 175: 170: 167: 166:Henry M. Shaw 163: 162:Henry A. Wise 160: 158: 154: 151: 150: 145: 142: 137: 132: 129: 125: 124:United States 120: 115: 114: 109: 101: 98: 95: 94: 90: 86: 85:Croatan Sound 82: 78: 75: 74: 55: 52: 51: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 4411: 4399: 4266: 4167: 3955:Bibliography 3938:Other topics 3880:By ethnicity 3848: 3801:Trent Affair 3700:Signal Corps 3557: 3280:White League 3167:Ku Klux Klan 3080:Confederados 3007:Constitution 2879:D. D. Porter 2732:Breckinridge 2443:Rhode Island 2438:Pennsylvania 2193:Spotsylvania 2153:Stones River 2133:2nd Bull Run 2083:1st Bull Run 1969:Stones River 1870:Marine Corps 1837:Marine Corps 1676:Abolitionism 1663: 1616: 1424: 1415: 1406: 1392: 1378: 1371: 1357: 1343: 1334: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1271: 1266: 1258: 1253: 1245: 1240: 1235:pp. 667–668. 1232: 1228: 1223: 1214: 1206: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1180: 1175: 1166: 1158: 1153: 1144: 1135: 1127: 1122: 1117:pp. 662–663. 1114: 1109: 1101: 1096: 1088: 1083: 1074: 1066: 1061: 1053: 1048: 1037: 1029: 1024: 1016: 1011: 1003: 999: 994: 986: 981: 973: 968: 960: 955: 946: 936: 928: 923: 913: 874:Horace James 863: 856: 848: 839: 831: 798: 786: 773: 768: 766: 760: 755: 748: 739: 727: 722:Philadelphia 721: 716: 699: 693: 690: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 663: 660: 599: 595: 580: 565: 553: 548: 543: 539: 531: 520: 496: 488: 474: 435: 412: 403: 395: 352:Flag Officer 327: 321: 285: 221: 209: 111:Belligerents 41: 27:Part of the 4433: / 4350:Confederate 3761:Copperheads 3473:Confederate 3365:Black Codes 2691:E. K. Smith 2572:Confederate 2519:New Orleans 2514:Chattanooga 2378:Mississippi 2278:Connecticut 2246:territories 2237:Involvement 2198:Cold Harbor 2188:Fort Pillow 2178:Chattanooga 2173:Chickamauga 2123:Seven Pines 2113:New Orleans 2078:Fort Sumter 2019:Valley 1864 1852:Confederacy 1649:Slave Power 1629:Fire-Eaters 694:John Trucks 681:Pocahontas, 625:Confederate 603:Fort Monroe 535:Fort Bartow 415:Outer Banks 306:South Mills 216:214 wounded 4448:Categories 4421:75°40′04″W 4418:35°52′42″N 4371:Wilmington 3994:Juneteenth 3515:Cemeteries 3392:Red Shirts 3303:Centennial 3253:Red Shirts 2661:Longstreet 2591:Beauregard 2534:Winchester 2509:Charleston 2478:Washington 2413:New Mexico 2408:New Jersey 2268:California 2244:States and 2228:Five Forks 2213:Mobile Bay 2183:Wilderness 2163:Gettysburg 2143:Perryville 2128:Seven Days 2059:Appomattox 1984:Gettysburg 1944:New Mexico 1811:Combatants 1786:Combatants 1699:John Brown 1328:References 1274:pp. 86–87. 1261:pp. 84–85. 1209:pp. 80–81. 1179:Browning, 1157:Burnside, 1126:Burnside, 1113:Burnside, 1091:pp. 86–87. 1065:Burnside, 1052:Browning, 1015:Browning, 976:pp. 62–63. 963:pp. 52–64. 959:Campbell, 866:contraband 728:Southfield 409:Background 359:Union Army 344:Union Navy 301:Fort Macon 230:62 missing 228:58 wounded 218:13 missing 68:1862-02-08 60:1862-02-07 4267:Albemarle 3972:Espionage 3766:Diplomacy 3734:Political 3690:POW camps 3436:Monuments 3263:Scalawags 3258:Redeemers 2996:Aftermath 2945:Pinkerton 2884:Rosecrans 2849:McClellan 2752:Memminger 2488:Wisconsin 2453:Tennessee 2373:Minnesota 2348:Louisiana 2223:Nashville 2168:Vicksburg 2098:Pea Ridge 2049:Carolinas 2004:Red River 1999:Knoxville 1979:Tullahoma 1974:Vicksburg 1954:Peninsula 1926:campaigns 1792:Campaigns 1569:Secession 1270:Trotter, 1257:Trotter, 1227:Trotter, 1205:Trotter, 1192:Trotter, 1183:pp. 24–25 1100:Trotter, 1087:Merrill, 1028:Trotter, 998:Trotter, 985:Trotter, 972:Trotter, 845:Aftermath 550:gunboats. 454:watershed 399:howitzers 226:23 killed 214:37 killed 4389:Category 4086:Category 3927:Seminole 3917:Cherokee 3670:Medicine 3623:Military 3536:Veterans 3370:Jim Crow 3135:timeline 2930:Ericsson 2913:Civilian 2894:Sheridan 2854:McDowell 2814:Farragut 2799:Burnside 2789:Anderson 2782:Military 2762:Stephens 2722:Benjamin 2715:Civilian 2601:Buchanan 2579:Military 2524:Richmond 2473:Virginia 2418:New York 2393:Nebraska 2383:Missouri 2368:Michigan 2358:Maryland 2343:Kentucky 2318:Illinois 2293:Delaware 2273:Colorado 2258:Arkansas 2218:Franklin 2138:Antietam 2009:Overland 1964:Maryland 1883:Theaters 1789:Theaters 931:, p. 95. 927:Tanner, 893:See also 740:Spalding 464:and the 442:Beaufort 438:New Bern 340:gunboats 336:Virginia 296:New Bern 191:Strength 76:Location 4400:Commons 4053:Related 3922:Choctaw 3912:Catawba 3695:Rations 3640:Cavalry 3502:Removal 3130:efforts 3114:of 1873 2960:Stevens 2955:Stanton 2940:Lincoln 2899:Sherman 2834:Halleck 2824:Frémont 2809:Du Pont 2747:Mallory 2706:Wheeler 2641:Jackson 2621:Forrest 2561:Leaders 2504:Atlanta 2468:Vermont 2388:Montana 2328:Indiana 2303:Georgia 2298:Florida 2263:Arizona 2253:Alabama 2203:Atlanta 2118:Corinth 2070:battles 2014:Atlanta 1994:Bristoe 1895:Western 1890:Eastern 1795:Battles 1594:Slavery 1498:Origins 1484:Origins 1069:p. 661. 1002:p. 77. 769:Curlew, 668:Picket. 480:Prelude 460:by the 446:Edenton 342:of the 326:, the 102:victory 66: ( 58: ( 4364:Places 4096:Portal 4034:Tokens 2970:Welles 2950:Seward 2935:Hamlin 2904:Thomas 2839:Hooker 2804:Butler 2757:Seddon 2742:Hunter 2727:Bocock 2701:Taylor 2696:Stuart 2686:Semmes 2666:Morgan 2626:Gorgas 2606:Cooper 2497:Cities 2433:Oregon 2398:Nevada 2338:Kansas 2308:Hawaii 2208:Crater 2108:Shiloh 2068:Major 2054:Mobile 1924:Major 1798:States 1749:Caning 1399: 1385: 1364: 1350: 1248:p. 83. 1196:p. 79. 1104:p. 68. 1032:p. 76. 1019:p. 24. 761:Curlew 685:Zouave 673:Picket 657:, 1866 636:Battle 448:, and 196:10,000 96:Result 4355:Union 4343:Units 3839:Dixie 3826:Music 3445:Union 3289:Post- 3125:trial 2925:Chase 2920:Adams 2889:Scott 2864:Meigs 2859:Meade 2829:Grant 2819:Foote 2794:Buell 2775:Union 2737:Davis 2681:Price 2671:Mosby 2616:Ewell 2611:Early 2596:Bragg 2458:Texas 2353:Maine 2313:Idaho 1819:Union 918:over. 905:Notes 614:Union 383:forts 224:total 222:2,643 212:total 199:3,000 128:Union 100:Union 4292:1865 4243:1864 4217:1863 4161:1862 4145:1861 4024:Salt 3630:Arms 3480:List 3452:List 2965:Wade 2874:Pope 2844:Hunt 2676:Polk 2636:Hood 2631:Hill 2463:Utah 2428:Ohio 2333:Iowa 1865:Navy 1860:Army 1832:Navy 1827:Army 1397:ISBN 1383:ISBN 1362:ISBN 1348:ISBN 941:188. 759:CSS 720:USS 525:and 523:46th 83:and 53:Date 2869:Ord 2656:Lee 725:to 210:264 4450:: 653:. 444:, 393:. 87:, 4130:e 4123:t 4116:v 1464:e 1457:t 1450:v 263:e 256:t 249:v 130:) 126:( 70:) 62:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index