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firepower of the
Japanese combined arms offensive, relying primarily on small arms to face the onslaught of Japanese air, naval, artillery, and armoured striking power. As the Chinese commanders had surmised, the Japanese forces were overextended, and were not in a position to pursue their victory. However, the
1451:
The
Japanese used chemical weapons against Chinese forces who lacked chemical weapons in order to compensate for when they were numerically inferior, whenever Chinese were defeating the Japanese in hand to hand combat. The Japanese did not dare to use gas against the Americans because the Americans
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marched to his aid with the
Chinese 33rd Army Group. The Japanese forces rallied and pushed back the Chinese, and General Zhang Zizhong was cut down in a burst of machine gun fire when he refused to retreat from the front lines. He was the most senior Chinese commander to be killed in combat during
1464:
According to
Japanese records, the Japanese casualties were 2,700 troops killed and 7,800 wounded. Chinese records show that 11,000 Japanese troops were killed. While the Chinese 5th War Area arguably made tactically sound decisions in its battle plans, it was ultimately overwhelmed by the sheer
1455:
The
Japanese launched gas attacks against Chinese when the Chinese were defeating and overwhelming the Japanese in hand to hand combat, like at the battle of Yichang in 1941, where Japanese ground forces in the city were routed by Chinese soldiers but the Japanese deployed mustard gas to win the
1710:
After a fierce four – day hand – to – hand combat the
Chinese recaptured Ichang . When the Japanese used gas to attack Ichang , according to Chungking , the Chinese forces withdrew on Oct. 13. The Chinese and Japanese military situation
1668:
The gas squads were to be attached to forward companies or place under their direct command , and the importance of ... and tear gas candles , designed to be placed on the ground and burned , or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese
1739:
After a fierce four – day hand – to – hand combat the and naval fire occupied six different points stretched over a dis- Chinese recaptured Ichang . When the
Japanese used gas to tance of 250 mi . along the Kwangtung coast , and at the
1689:
The order set up within an infantry regiment a temporary gas unit , consisting of eight squads , whose duty was to carry ... or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese also have toxic smoke ( vomiting gas ) candles which are self
1647:
The order set up within an infantry regiment a temporary gas unit , consisting of eight squads , whose duty was to carry ... or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese also have toxic smoke ( vomiting gas ) candles which are self
1626:
that raid was the Japanese decision to extend her defense perimeter to include the Solomon Islands . ... In three days of hand - to - hand fighting from blockhouse to blockhouse , Tarawa was " USMC entirely " ( a paraphrase of the
1477:. After considerable argument, the Japanese Army agreed to occupy Yichang. This dealt a considerable blow to the morale and fighting capacity of the Chinese as no large-scale offensive was mounted after this operation.
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The Japanese were seeking a quicker solution to achieve a Chinese surrender. The Japanese contemplated moving directly down the Yangtze to the relocated Chinese capital,
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2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Page 334-339, Map 20, 21
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1439:. The Chinese strategy aimed to let the Japanese forces run low on supplies, and then counterattack, as had been successfully employed at the
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and connecting the 5th and 9th war zones. The Navy felt that it was critically needed as a forward base for air attacks against
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The Japanese attack did not commit many troops or material, which enabled the main Chinese commander,
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1606:. Praeger Security International (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 50.
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Tower of Skulls: A History of the Asia-Pacific War, Volume I: July 1937 – May 1942
1400:. To do so, they would need to capture a critical town in western Hubei province,
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858:
1580:"(PDF) No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II"
1348:
1116:
890:
1708:. ContributorWalter Yust. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 172.
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had their own chemical weapons stockpile and the Japanese feared retaliation.
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1538:. In Friedrich, B.; Hoffmann, D.; Renn, J.; Schmaltz, F.; Wolf, M. (eds.).
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1536:"No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II"
1758:(Report). Japanese Monograph. Vol. 179. Tokyo, Japan: Headquarters,
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One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
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1401:
90:
86:
1639:
United States. War Department. Military Intelligence Division (1944).
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pushed strongly for the occupation of Yichang, located at the edge of
1443:. When the Japanese managed to outmaneuver Tang's forces, General
94:
1411:, who had frustrated the Japanese before, to repel the Japanese.
1211:
862:
297:
1823:
1768:
Office of the chief of military history department of the army
1681:
United States. War Department. General Staff (1944).
1376:), was one of the 22 major engagements between the
1726:Britannica Book of the Year Omnibus [1942]
1687:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 81-83.
46:Japanese troops in the battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
34:
1753:Central China area operation record 1937–1945
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874:
309:
8:
1794:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
76:(1 month, 2 weeks and 3 days)
1487:Order of Battle: Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
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859:
316:
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294:
276:According to Japanese confidential files:
31:
1836:, No. 4. in the official website of NHK.
1729:. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 353.
1334:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1275:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
1855:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1802:War and Nationalism in China: 1925–1945
1660:Military Intelligence Division (1944).
1504:
1502:
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1419:On 1 May 1940, three divisions of the
27:Battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
7:
1822:, No. 3. in the official website of
1770:. 21 December 1955. pp. 215–218
1702:Hooper, Franklin Henry, ed. (1942).
1603:Poison Gas: The Myths Versus Reality
1792:Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai,
1663:Index to Intelligence Publications
25:
1666:. War Department. p. 81-83.
1645:. War Department. p. 81-83.
1642:Enemy Tactics in Chemical Warfare
1315:German Pacific possesions (1914)
214:
194:
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1290:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
1542:. Springer. pp. 259–271.
1513:. W. W. Norton & Company.
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341:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
273:Chinese records: 11,000 killed
264:727 automatic weapons captured
1:
1087:Qantas Short Empire shootdown
243:1st China Expeditionary Fleet
1548:10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6_14
1112:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
261:81 artillery pieces captured
258:60,000+ killed & wounded
1705:Britannica Book of the Year
1378:National Revolutionary Army
769:North Burma and West Yunnan
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1600:Hammond, James W. (1999).
1239:Military campaigns of the
1723:Walter Yust, ed. (1943).
1423:under command of General
1362:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
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35:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
18:Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
1684:Special Series, Issue 24
1386:Second Sino-Japanese War
1349:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
328:Second Sino-Japanese War
1830:"Occupation of Yichang"
1509:Frank, Richard (2020).
1344:French Indochina (1940)
1152:Nauru and Ocean Islands
1816:"Occupation of Shashi"
1534:Grunden, W.E. (2017).
1467:Imperial Japanese Navy
1427:began a drive towards
1382:Imperial Japanese Army
822:West Henan–North Hubei
267:12,557 rifles captured
177:Commanders and leaders
891:Japanese offensives,
248:Casualties and losses
73:May 1 – June 18, 1940
1364:, also known as the
116:32.1252°N 112.7510°E
1320:Siberia (1918–1922)
1122:Andaman and Nicobar
749:Sichuan (cancelled)
112: /
1870:Conflicts in Hubei
1799:van de Ven, Hans.
1441:Battle of Changsha
539:Yellow River flood
453:Railway Operation
254:Japanese records:
1850:Conflicts in 1940
1557:978-3-319-51664-6
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158:Republic of China
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241:100+ aircraft
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236:IJA 11th Army
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201:Zhang Zizhong
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1772:. Retrieved
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1295:Korea (1910)
1254:Meiji period
1252:
1187:Fort Stevens
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1064:
1060:3rd Changsha
1045:Indian Ocean
1000:Pearl Harbor
990:2nd Changsha
985:South Shanxi
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923:West Suiyuan
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803:4th Changsha
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441:2nd Shanghai
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386:1st Shanghai
280:2,700 killed
272:
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206:
144:Belligerents
29:
1834:Nippon News
1820:Nippon News
1384:during the
1197:Mount Emily
1117:Operation K
1030:Sand Island
1015:Philippines
970:South Henan
953:North China
735:Yenangyaung
676:South Henan
670:South Anhui
611:Kunlun Pass
509:Taierzhuang
119: /
107:112°45′04″E
1844:Categories
1774:8 February
1613:0313310386
1585:21 January
1493:References
1409:Li Zongren
1392:Background
1162:Madagascar
1082:New Guinea
943:Kaimingjie
828:West Hunan
780:Mount Song
762:West Hubei
682:West Hubei
557:Wenxi fire
552:Wanjialing
401:Great Wall
239:200+ tanks
190:Li Zongren
104:32°07′31″N
68:1940-06-18
61:1940-05-01
1622:0883-6884
1566:158528688
1475:Chongqing
1460:Aftermath
1448:the war.
1433:Tang Enbo
1398:Chongqing
1192:Dureenbee
1182:Newcastle
1147:Coral Sea
1092:Singapore
1010:Hong Kong
913:Chongqing
908:Manchukuo
893:1940–1942
775:Myitkyina
755:1943–1945
638:1940–1942
533:Chongqing
419:1937–1939
364:Jiangqiao
347:Manchuria
1481:See also
1456:battle.
1137:Solomons
1005:Thailand
980:Shanggao
965:Panjiayu
808:Hengyang
688:Shanggao
577:Nanchang
495:Massacre
227:Strength
81:Location
1787:Sources
1735:9824466
1429:Zaoyang
1402:Yichang
1370:Chinese
1102:Ellwood
848:Taihoku
841:Air War
834:Guangxi
796:Ichi-Go
788:Changde
730:Toungoo
720:Tachiao
521:Lanfeng
489:Nanking
470:Taiyuan
411:Suiyuan
374:Jinzhou
232:350,000
207:†
91:Yichang
87:Zaoyang
1760:USAFFE
1733:
1620:
1610:
1564:
1554:
1517:
1415:Battle
1372::
1177:Sydney
1172:Midway
1142:Tulagi
1132:Ceylon
1107:Broome
1097:Darwin
1050:Borneo
1035:Niihau
995:Malaya
928:Wuyuan
725:Oktwin
630:Wuyuan
590:Swatow
569:Hainan
564:Canton
503:Xuzhou
481:Xinkou
435:Chahar
379:Harbin
352:Mukden
203:
168:
155:
132:Result
1756:(PDF)
1562:S2CID
1435:in a
1077:Burma
1072:Timor
546:Wuhan
95:Hubei
1776:2018
1762:and
1731:OCLC
1618:ISSN
1608:ISBN
1587:2024
1552:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1380:and
1374:棗宜會戰
1360:The
1066:1942
1025:Wake
1020:Guam
959:1941
903:1940
528:Amoy
406:Rehe
89:and
55:Date
1824:NHK
1740:...
1711:...
1690:...
1669:...
1648:...
1627:...
1544:doi
1846::
1832:,
1818:,
1766:,
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1501:^
1404:.
1388:.
93:,
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1778:.
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1546::
1523:.
1368:(
1231:e
1224:t
1217:v
882:e
875:t
868:v
317:e
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303:v
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66:(
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59:(
20:)
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