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what the scouts have said, but Roman still does not believe them, saying that the Poles will never engage him in battle. Then, at dawn, on June 19, the Feast of the martyrs SS Gervase and
Protase, Leszek and Konrad arrive on the scene. Their army, commanded by the Voivode of Mazovia, is already in battle array and ready to fight. The shooting of the Polish archers and the pressure of the Polish attack is such that, in so narrow an area Roman is scarcely able to array his first line. The two armies raise a clamour and engage with spears and lances poised. Although Leszek and Konrad are present, they are not allowed to take part in the fighting but have to remain at a distance, where they await the result, torn between fear and hope. The Poles rout the Ruthenian first line, and it seems that Fortune is favouring them; however, having so many knights, Roman is able to replace those who fall or are wounded. The Poles are not angry with the Ruthenians but with their duke, who to them is a traitor, a breaker of faith and a deserter, and they are after his blood. They surround him, where he is fighting in the front rank, identifiable by his ducal emblems. Roman, seeing those with him hewn down before his eyes and realizing that escape is made difficult by the heaps of bodies on either side, digs his spurs into his horse, which tries to throw him, but he manages to get through the press and reach the river and there his horse falls. Now, how is he to get across and escape? A soldier brings him an old jage, which with great difficulty does get him to the far bank, where he mingles with the throng of fleeing soldiery, only to be rounded up by the Poles and, being taken for a common soldier, cut down. A number of Roman's knights and soldiers are standing on the bank of the river they have just managed to cross, watching the flight of their fellows, when the bank, ripped by the hooves of the struggling horses, is no longer able to bear their weight and collapses. The Ruthenians are now all seeking safety in flight, which means flinging themselves into the river.'
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that initially came arrogantly, many were wounded, very many killed with prince Roman, and the others, seeing tried to find the rescue escaping, and many pathetically ended their lives in the
Vistula And so happened in 1205 AD." Yanin et al. (1987) found it improbable 'that one of the powerful princes of Rus', Roman, was in vassal dependence on the prince of Lesser Poland, and paid him tribute.'
25:
689:
or his enterprise, since he has previously started unjust and wicked wars and is again embarking on one that is quite unjustified, considering that the Poles have so often exposed their bodies to danger and death to defend the
Ruthenians against the barbarians." Roman responded by telling the bishop that he will cut his head off when he returns from his victory.
722:
708:. In this struggle Roman sided with the Hohenstaufens and undertook a campaign against the Little Polish Prince Leszek of Cracow (in GVC Lestko), an ally of the Welfs. Roman planned to crush him and then to strike deep into Saxony against the Welfs. However, Roman was defeated by the Poles and died at Zavixvost on the Vistula in 1205.'
772:(compiled in 1377) mentions that "Roman of Halych took on Poles and conquered cities. And stopped at the Vistula River with his small druzhina. Poles then attacked and killed him with the druzhina. And people from Halych came, took their dead prince and carried him to Halych and buried him in a church." Perfecky (1973) interpreted the
878:. Several bishops and nobles approached Roman and asked for peace, promising to pay compensation; Roman accepted, but continued with the war. He captured some priests and had them shot at with arrows, hoping to have the location of Leszek disclosed. Długosz gives a detailed description of the battle.
918:
Original text: "Тогож̑ лѣт̑ . ходиша кнѧзи Рѧзаньскъıӕ В на Половци и взѧша вежѣ ихъ ❙ Тогож̑ . лѣт̑ . Иде Романъ Галичьскъıи на Лѧхъı и взѧ . в҃ . города Лѧдьскаӕ . и ставшю же ѥму над Вислою рѣкою . и ѿѣха сам̑ в малѣ дружинѣ ѿ полку своѥго . Лѧхове же наѣхавше оубиша и . и дружину ѡколо ѥго избиша
789:
1290), Roman "refuses to pay the tribute to Leszek, bravely challenges him and with amassing the large force unexpectedly invades into the Polish lands. As Leszek found that out, he assembled a small troop rushed to meet him in
Zawichost, fiercely attacks him, captures and defeats. Of the Ruthenians,
688:
Długosz further explains that before crossing the Polish frontier, Roman sent emissaries to the Bishop of
Volodimer' and asked for his blessing, as he intended to campaign in Poland for three years. The Bishop declined Roman's gifts and denied him any blessing, explaining that "he cannot bless Roman
932:
and gets his army across, partly in boats, partly by fording, for, thanks to a drought, there are a number of places where the river is so shallow as to allow this, and pitches camp outside
Zawichost. When his scouts report the approach of the Poles, Roman laughs at them. Then some soldiers confirm
812:
and sons first fled to
Volodimer and then to Poland: 'They did not know where to turn: Prince Roman had been killed in Poland and Lestko had not yet concluded peace. But the Lord interceded in their behalf: Lestko made no mention of the hostilities and received his sister-in-law and her children
897:
After his triumph, Leszek's reputation took a positive turn, earning him credibility and the trust of Kraków, which would give him temporary power over the city. Konrad, coming of age, asked for his share of power and at the meditation of their mother and a selected group of aristocrats, the two
675:
There are several reasons for his action: the huge wealth taken from
Ruthenia in the years when almost the whole of the country was conquered; the disbandment and dispersion of his forces, cavalry and infantry, among many of the Polish duchies; the quarrels of the magnates; and, finally, the
857:
and laid siege to the city. The Polish garrison was successful in defending the city, but the Rus'ian caused great destruction to the local population, as they captured and raped the wives of the knights of Lublin. Leszek then started recruiting a force of knights and peasants from
813:
with great honor. He took pity on them and remarked that the devil had caused this enmity to come between them. And indeed
Volodislav had plotted discord between , for he was envious of the amicable relations that existed .' The chronicler thus blamed
807:
6709, 6710, 6711). The closet it gets is mentioning in passing that after Roman's death, the
Galician boyars invited the Igorevichi princes to the throne; in the confusing attack that followed, Roman's wife
392:
375:
331:
874:. When Roman learned of the Polish force that was advancing towards him, he raised the siege and advanced deep into Poland by pillaging and threatening with devastation and eradication of the
889:. The two factions came to an agreement and the Ruthenians released all their prisoners and paid 1,000 silver marks to recover the body of Roman, which was then buried in Volodimer'.
341:
902:, this being the first time the Poles hear of that name. The Ruthenians suffered great casualties, but managed to defeat the invaders. In 1208, the country fell into civil war.
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was scarcely populated, as the region was settled by Rus' peoples from the east and by Poles from the west. Border clashes took place in the lands of
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1292) does not provide a coherent narrative of how Roman died, instead repeatedly recording several events "after Roman's death" (opening sentence,
601:(Wisła). In the tumult that followed, Roman was killed and the Polish victory would lead to growing power for Leszek and Konrad, while triggering a
1524:
667:
helped to install Roman the Great on the throne in Volodimer' in Volhynia. In 1205, however, Roman marched into Lesser Poland. Polish chronicler
365:
370:
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suggested that, if true, Władysław's attempts to undermine the Leszek–Roman alliance probably began in 1202, when Władysław was driven out of
696:(1198–1215): ' tried to colonize the Lithuanian and Jatvingian lands and participated in the struggle between two German princely houses,
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brothers divide the country under their authority. Rus' turned unstable from its internal conflicts and the country is invaded by
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Many of the Rus' drowned and many more died at the hands of the local population, as Polish troops chased them all the way to
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853:(1480) published a lengthy and detailed story about what supposedly happened. In the early spring, Roman invaded the land of
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Modern scholar George Perfecky (1973) provided a very different context for the conflict, linking it primarily to the
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immaturity of Leszek and Konrad. Also the harsh reply they gave his emmissaries when he asked for all the land of
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919:. приѣхавше же Галичане взѧша кнѧзѧ своѥго мр҃тва . и несоша и в Галичь . и положиша и въ цр҃кви ст҃ъıӕ Бц҃а".)
644:
1499:
1334:
The Hypatian Codex Part Two: The Galician–Volynian Chronicle. An annotated translation by George A. Perfecky
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by Leszek, although Hrushevsky could not say whether this was the real reason behind the clash.
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885:. Few survived the massacre and at the order of Leszek and Konrad, Roman's body was buried in
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and was told that, having quit the field of battle, he was not entitled to anything.
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In the 11th century, there were some border disputes between Polish duchies and
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account as saying that 'Roman died while out on patrol and not in battle.'
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737:(1251) wrote that Roman moved through Poland to Saxony in order to assist
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1321:
590:
589:. After declaring war and invading Lesser Poland, Roman and his forces (
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Writing almost three centuries after the events, Polish chronicler
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and compensation for the losses and costs he had incurred at the
1425:Енциклопедія українознавства (Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies)
1182:(Annals or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland). (1480).
1307:Галицько-Волинський Літопис. Острозький (Хлєбниковський) список
635:, with the lands of Lesser Poland and Galicia-Volhynia (called
313:
18:
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969:
1122:
1120:
956:
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1324:(in modern Ukrainian by L. Makhnovtsya) – Litopys.org.ua
870:, which was reinforced with a force of volunteers from
639:
in Latin) changing hands several times. In the early
700:, who were the dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, and the
671:(1480) tried to give reasons for Roman's incursion:
1237:Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae
1191:(English translation of key sections of the work)
1451:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 2001.
1377:Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny, 3-Volumes, Article "
1322:Галицько-Волинський Літопис. Переклад Л.Махновця
1294:Галицько-Волинський Літопис. Іпатіївський список
1255:Primary sources in Church Slavonic and Ruthenian
593:) were ambushed by the Poles in the vicinity of
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618:Roman of Halych receives an ambassador from
1180:Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae
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749:. This explanation was later accepted by
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1060:o Polshe, Rusi i i Moscow University,
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7:
1224:Russian translation available online
1052:; L. M. Popova, N. I. Shchaveleva,
663:. In 1199, an armed campaign led by
1515:History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)
14:
1212:("Chronicle of Greater Poland") (
1089:Suzdal Chronicle Laurentian Codex
757:, Popova and Shchaveleva (1987).
133:German throne dispute (1198–1215)
1448:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1152:The Annals of Jan Długosz p. 156
1143:The Annals of Jan Długosz p. 155
1028:The Annals of Jan Długosz p. 154
1004:The Annals of Jan Długosz p. 153
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1340:. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
704:, then the ruling house of the
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1505:Battles involving Kievan Rus'
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753:(1968), Perfecky (1973), and
47:secondary or tertiary sources
1414:Halych Volynian principality
1331:Perfecky, George A. (1973).
1262:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
796:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
747:fight for the Imperial crown
1530:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1525:13th century in Kievan Rus'
146:19 June or 14 October 1205
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1427:. 3 volumes. (Kyiv 1994).
1381:" (T.3), Kyiv, 1993–1999,
1244:Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
735:Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
585:), along with his brother
565:(1205) was fought between
1204:Chronica Poloniae Maioris
1189:The Annals of Jan Długosz
782:Chronica Poloniae Maioris
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1510:Battles involving Poland
1269:1292). Preserved in the
1170:Primary sources in Latin
1078:, pp. 127–128, 130.
16:Battle in Poland in 1205
1476:50.805980°N 21.858755°E
779:According to the later
682:Battle of River Mozgawa
1209:Wielkopolska Chronicle
846:
833:Długosz version (1480)
743:Frederick I Barbarossa
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661:Volodimer' in Volhynia
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239:Commanders and leaders
34:relies excessively on
1423:Roman Mstyslavych in
1354:(in Church Slavonic)
841:Konrad I of Masovia (
840:
819:Volodislav Tonkonogij
724:
694:German throne dispute
616:
605:in Galicia–Volhynia.
296:Casualties and losses
233:House of Honenstaufen
58:"Battle of Zawichost"
1481:50.805980; 21.858755
1411:Ivan Kryp'yakevych,
928:'Leszek reaches the
821:) for the conflict.
433:Muscovite/Lithuanian
1472: /
1443:"Roman Mstyslavych"
1357:Suzdalian Chronicle
980:, pp. 127–128.
823:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
815:Władysław Laskonogi
763:Suzdalian Chronicle
633:Rus' principalities
587:Konrad I of Masovia
563:Battle of Zawichost
343:Polish–Russian Wars
259:Konrad I of Masovia
198:Duchy of Sandomierz
168:Duchy of Sandomierz
126:Battle of Zawichost
1315:) – Litopys.org.ua
1309:(according to the
1302:) – Litopys.org.ua
1296:(according to the
1232:Kadłubek, Wincenty
847:
733:French chronicler
731:
725:Leszek the White (
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250:Leszek I the White
164:Seniorate Province
1520:Conflicts in 1205
1379:Roman Mstyslavych
1114:, pp. 18–19.
1102:, pp. 17–19.
1056:Velikaia khronika
717:Earliest accounts
706:Holy Roman Empire
620:Pope Innocent III
603:war of succession
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983:
979:
978:Perfecky 1973
974:
972:
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966:
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961:Perfecky 1973
957:
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947:
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931:
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922:
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905:
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748:
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741:, the son of
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723:
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711:
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702:Hohenstaufens
699:
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658:
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642:
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626:
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621:
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597:by the river
596:
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584:
583:Lesser Poland
580:
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541:
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229:Supported by:
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211:Supported by:
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160:Vistula River
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1457:
1446:
1439:(in English)
1424:
1417:(Kiev 1984).
1412:
1355:
1333:
1328:(in English)
1310:
1297:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1247:
1235:
1222:Chapter 31 (
1220:(in Russian)
1207:
1203:
1188:
1186:(in English)
1179:
1176:Długosz, Jan
1160:Bibliography
1148:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1053:
1047:(in Russian)
924:
914:
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773:
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732:
691:
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636:
630:
617:
562:
560:
526:Soviet Union
525:
475:
425:
355:
274:
228:
210:
187:Belligerents
131:Part of the
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
1479: /
900:Lithuanians
851:Jan Długosz
843:Jan Matejko
727:Jan Matejko
669:Jan Długosz
641:Middle Ages
1494:Categories
1467:21°51′32″E
1464:50°48′22″N
1369:Literature
1279:1425) and
941:References
887:Sandomierz
883:Volodimer'
876:Latin rite
860:Sandomierz
609:Background
579:Sandomierz
356:Kievan Rus
69:newspapers
36:references
893:Aftermath
774:Suzdalian
745:, in the
698:the Welfs
657:Drohiczyn
595:Zawichost
543:1919-1921
538:1918-1919
533:1914-1918
518:1863-1864
513:1830-1831
503:1806-1807
488:1768-1772
483:1733-1735
468:1654–1667
463:1632-1634
458:1605–1618
453:1558-1583
448:1512-1522
438:1487-1494
413:1139-1142
403:1121-1124
393:1069-1071
388:1030-1031
156:Zawichost
1397:(t. 2),
1389:(t. 1),
1289:1560s).
805:sub anno
649:Przemyśl
637:Ruthenia
591:druzhina
381:2nd Kiev
283:Strength
151:Location
99:May 2024
1405:(t. 3).
1364:(1377).
1360:of the
1250:(1251).
1240:(1208).
1216:1290).
930:Vistula
868:Mazovia
766:of the
645:Galicia
599:Vistula
291:Unknown
288:Unknown
275:†
83:scholar
1431:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1346:902306
1344:
1195:
872:Kraków
866:, and
864:Kujawy
855:Lublin
845:1893).
827:Kraków
729:1893).
712:Battle
678:Lublin
627:(1875)
271:
175:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1338:(PDF)
906:Notes
755:Yanin
653:Sanok
358:'
301:Light
90:JSTOR
76:books
1429:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1342:OCLC
1193:ISBN
793:The
760:The
659:and
581:(in
573:and
561:The
548:1939
508:1812
498:1794
493:1792
443:1508
418:1180
408:1135
398:1092
376:1018
371:1022
143:Date
62:news
1206:or
577:of
569:of
366:981
38:to
1496::
1445:.
1435:.
1287:c.
1277:c.
1267:c.
1246:,
1234:,
1214:c.
1178:.
1134:^
1119:^
1068:^
1033:^
1009:^
985:^
968:^
949:^
862:,
801:c.
787:c.
655:,
651:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
49:.
1348:.
1285:(
1275:(
1265:(
1226:)
1087:*
1058:"
1054:"
817:(
799:(
785:(
333:e
326:t
319:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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