567:. By the end of the night, Pritam's unit made a number of counter-attacks. They were soon reinforced by the rest of Kiani's men. The skirmish turned into bloody fight as the alerted British forces reinforced and called up air and artillery support. After two days of failed counter-attacks and taking heavy losses, Kiani withdrew. The unit suffered nearly two hundred casualties in the assault. The 2nd Guerrilla was never able to participate in further attacks up the Tamu road after this. It was subsequently tasked to cover the left flank of the Yamamoto force, in the rough countries of the south. Through June, the unit maintained aggressive patrols south of Palel-Tamu road, mounting raids and laying ambushes against the by now advancing British forces. It started withdrawing with the Japanese in late June.
824:
Japanese and the INA troops from their strongholds in and around Mount Popa to clear the land route to
Meiktila. By the end of the month, Sahgal was forced to withdraw his forces further to Leygi, five miles (8 km) from Popa. By 3 April, the last of the British operations to clear resistance in and around Popa began, as Sahgals forces successfully defended their position against a number of attacks by units of the 5th motorised brigade. By the end of the 6th however, Sahgal had begun losing men to in a massive scale as his 1st battalion defected after having faced off the attacks of the 5th. As the Japanese began to withdraw on the 8th, the orders for the INA's withdrawal were issued by Shah Nawaz on the 10th.
194:) who had infiltrated into India for the purpose of collecting intelligence, subversion of the army and the subversion of civilian loyalty. These information were derived to a large extent from some of the agents themselves who gave themselves up to the authorities after reaching India. However, the intelligence was also aware at this point of misinformation being spread about the INA itself by the agents who concealed their purpose and professed to pass on intelligence from local knowledge. More troubling for the military command were the activities of the INA agents in the battle fields of India's eastern frontier in
765:
617:. By the time it reached Teraun, some of the troops had started dying of starvation. Although some local supplies were obtained at Teraun, no boats were available to cross the Yu river. Shah Nawaz had to leave nearly four hundreds of his sick behind to reach Kuwa, half of who would die before could they could be arranged to be evacuated. From Kuwa, the unit was able to obtain boats, which took the remaining troops to Kalewa, fifty miles south. Critical supplies of food and medicine and limited transport arrangements could be made. The unit was dispersed between hastily constructed camps at
1109:
that the INA did indeed suffer a number of notable incidences of desertion. Fay notes the significant ones amongst these were not during the offensives into
Manipur and the subsequent retreat through Burma, when incidences of desertion did occur but at a far smaller numbers than the fourteenth army told its troops. The significant desertions, Fay notes, occurred around the Battles at Irrawaddy and later around Popa. During the fall of Rangoon, 6000 INA troops manned the city to maintain order before allied troops entered the city.
246:
815:
engage the
British forces. Using guerrilla tactics, his troops, along with Dhillon's, engaged British troops. For their part, the latter used similar tactics of "search and destroy" using small units of highly mobile mechanised troops. To prevent the allied forces from identifying his actual strength while the rest of his troops arrived in small packet, Sahgal set up active and aggressive patrolling, with Dhillon ordering the same to his unit. The troops successfully laid ambushes and engaged the British troops using
609:
forces, while Shah Nawaz's forces had already reached Tamu. The withdrawing forces faced acute shortages of supply of food, ammunition and medicine, compounded by the
Monsoon rains which rendered the Japanese supply chains as well as INA's own already poor logistics further incapable. Disease, compounded poor sanitation, malnutrition, lack of medicine and inability to evacuate the worse-affected due to a lack of transport took a heavy toll on both INA as well as Japanese troops.
1976:
227:”) sentiments. The activities of these agents were addressed at the Sepoys and these found enough support to successfully encourage defection without attracting the attention of the officers commanding the units. Soon, defection by British Indian troops had become a problem significant and regular enough in the Burma theatre to form a regular part of the intelligence summaries in the first half of 1943.
657:, which it was tasked to defend. The troops, however held considerable resentment against the attitude and conduct of some of its officers, which had started souring by the time it was on the move. At Mandalay, the unit suffered a mutiny, with six hundred men refusing to obey orders from officers. Although they were arrested, they were not ultimately
281:, explained that although the war itself hung in balance and nobody was sure if the Japanese would win, initiating a popular revolution with grass-root support within India would ensure that even if Japan lost the war ultimately, Britain would not be in a position to re-assert its colonial authority, which was ultimately the aim of the INA and
852:. He, however, could not. Reaching the banks of the river on the 26th he discovered his route blocked by British forces who had outrun him. Having been identified by allied aircraft flying over the area after a brief firefight, Sahgal and his forces surrendered the next day at the village of Magyigan.
1112:
Nevertheless, Fay argues, the INA was not significant enough to militarily beat the
British Indian Army, and was moreover aware of this and formulated its own strategy of avoiding set-piece battles, garnering local and popular support within India and instigating revolt within the British Indian army
921:
during his North Africa
Campaign. It would later draw a larger number of Indian PoWs as volunteers. Indische Legion was supposed to become a pathfinder that was to precede a much larger Indo-German force in a caucasian campaign into the western frontiers of British India and was supposed to encourage
823:
The 7th Indian division now faced the additional task of protecting the lines of communication to the besieged 17th Indian
Division through the two roads that ran through the region. Towards the end of March, the leading motorised brigade of Indian 5th Division reinforced them, and began clearing the
222:
had been contained and then beaten back by inferior
Japanese forces at Donbaik. Intelligence analysis of the failure, as well as Irwin's own personal analysis of the campaign attributed significant demoralisation and rising discontent amongst Indian troops due to the subversive activity of INA agents
807:, who attempted to encircle the 17th Indian Division which was isolated from the rest of Slim's VI corps. While the majority of Kimura's available forces attempted to retake Miktila, Yamamoto's 72nd Independent Mixed Brigade was tasked to recapture Nyangu as well as its western bank, while the Kanjo
814:
At Popa, Sahgal's 2nd infantry regiment was reinforced with the remnants of
Dhillon's 4th Guerrilla and Khan's 1st Guerrilla. Khan had in the meantime been given the command of the 2nd Division. By the last week of March, the last of Sahgals units had reached Popa. Sahgal sent out roving columns to
729:
Pagan and
Nyaungu were defended by two battalions (No.s 7 and 9) of the Indian National Army's 4th Guerrilla Regiment, with the 8th battalion held in reserve at Tetthe. Of these, the 7th battalion, totalling about four hundred troops, was positioned to the east of Nyangu town, while Pagan was being
608:
The commonwealth forces broke the siege of Imphal on 22 June 1944. By mid July, the fortunes of battle had been reversed and the Yamamoto force began a fighting withdrawal with the forces of the INA's first division protecting its flanks. The INA forces began withdrawing two days before Mutaguchi's
1108:
that portrays INA-troops as incapable fighters and untrustworthy, and points out the inconsistencies and conflicts between the different accounts to conclude that intelligence propaganda as well as institutional bias may have played a significant part in the portrayed opinions. It is however noted
1086:
The INA's role in military terms is considered to be relatively insignificant, given its small numerical strength, lack of heavy weapons (it utilised captured British and Dutch arms initially), relative dependence on Japanese logistics and planning as well as its lack of independent planning. Shah
1046:. On 15 August 1944, the unit pulled out of Lacanau to make its way back to Germany. It was in the second leg of this journey, from Poitier to Chatrou that it suffered its first combat casualty (Lt Ali Khan) while engaging French Regular forces in the town of Dun. The unit also engaged with allied
434:
The Arakan offensive was intended to create a diversion for Mutaguchi's forces, while drawing out and destroying as much of the British reserves as possible. In the centre, Mutaguchi's 15th Army was to be the decisive factor in the Manipur Basin. As the battle progressed Mutaguchi's 31st Division
338:
worked with the advanced Japanese units and pathfinders in the opening stages of the Japanese offensive in the upper Burma region and into Manipur. These were tasked to infiltrate through British lines and approach units identified as consisting of significant Indian troops, and encourage them to
1095:
offensive towards Manipur in 1944, it played a crucial and successful role in the diversionary attacks in Arakan as well as in the Manipur Basin itself where it fought with Mutaguchi's 15th Army. It qualified itself well in the Battles in Arakan, Manipur, Imphal, and later during the withdrawal
451:
Force, led by Yamamoto Tsunoru), however, was to approach from the south-east via the Tamu Road that had been built by the Commonwealth forces earlier. The INA's four guerrilla regiments (except for No.1 Battalion) were directed to Tamu road and detailed to push into India as Imphal falls.
827:
Moving only by night and under air attacks, the units at and around Popa withdrew, helped by fierce resistance from three skeleton Japanese divisions at Pyawbwe. Sahgal, with the larger number of the remnant and pursued by Slim's forces, withdrew over the Kyaukpadaung-Meiktila road towards
525:, however, the 3rd battalion could not be employed in its original perceived role. It was at this time the unit, for whatever reasons, was employed at repairing roads that is widely reported when discussing the INA's role in the Japanese offensive. Learning of this development, an enraged
288:
The plans for operation decided between Bose and Kawabe specified that the Japanese and INA forces were to follow a common strategy. The INA was to be assigned an independent sector of its own and no INA unit was to operate at less than battalion strength. For operational purposes, the
633:
Of the INA's 1st division, the elements of what remained of the 1st Guerrilla Regiment were stationed at the town of Budalin, south of Yeu through most of early Autumn, while the remaining battalion of the 2nd and the units of the 3rd (Gandhi and Azad, respectively) were stationed in
574:
to arrive near Tamu in late May, by which time, the offensive was petering out. The unit was tasked to cover the right flank of the Yamamoto force. The unit stayed with the Yamamoto force, covering its right flank, and began retreating with it when it began withdrawing in mid-July.
115:, it drew a large number of civilian volunteers from Malaya and Burma. Ultimately, a force of under 40,000 was formed, although only two divisions ever participated in battle. In 1943, intelligence and special services groups from the INA were instrumental in destabilizing the
560:. The INA unit was still far away. Kiyani picked a force of three hundred under Maj. Pritam Singh that could advance faster. Armed lightly and without machine guns, the unit was directed to attack the airfield from the south while Japanese forces engaged the eastern defences.
612:
Fay describes the retreat of the units under Shah Nawaz in some detail, holding that the other units must have gone through a similar experience. The unit left from Tamu to reach Ahlow, and from there they took boats to reach Teraun. Up to Ahlow, the sick were transported by
745:
firing across the river and massed artillery forced the nearly hundred of the defenders at Nyaungu to surrender, the rest fled. At Pagan, the defending 9th battalion also suffered a similar fate offering resistance to the 11th Sikh Regiment before it withdrew to
1087:
Nawaz claims in his personal memoirs that the INA was a very potent and motivated force. Fay however, reinforces the argument that the INA was relatively less significant in military terms. Its special services group played a significant part in halting the
127:
began propaganda work to shield the true numbers who joined the INA, and also described stories of Japanese brutalities that indicated, falsely, INA involvement. Further, the Indian press was prohibited from publishing any accounts whatsoever of the INA.
1096:
through Manipur and Burma. The commanders like L.S. Mishra, Raturi, Mansukhlal, M.Z. Kiyani, and others attracted the attention of the Japanese as well as the British forces. Later, during the Burma Campaign, it did play a notable role in the Battles of
876:
With the surrender of Sahgal's forces at Irrawaddy and the remnants of Khan and Dhillon's forces a few weeks later, the INA's fighting capability was all but annihilated. Bose's government had withdrawn from Rangoon along with the Japanese forces and
819:
tactics. Lacking heavy arms or artillery support, Sahgal's forces used guerrilla tactics, working in small units with the Kanjo Butai (a regiment detached from the Japanese 55th Division), and was successful for a considerable period of time.
264:
The INA's own strategy was to avoid set-piece battles for which it lacked arms, armament as well as man-power. Initially, it sought to obtain arms as well as increase its ranks from Indian soldiers expected to defect. Once across the hills of
293:
was assigned under the command of the Japanese general headquarters in Burma. The general operations plan envisaged the INA units pushing to Kohima and Imphal with Japanese forces, and as the latter fell, the INA was to cross the
547:
The 2nd Guerrilla Regiment, or the Gandhi Regiment as it was called, consisted of two battalions. Led by Inayat Kiyani, it was directed along the axis of the 15th Army's offensive. Like the 1st Guerrilla, it had crossed the
676:
Of the 2nd Division, the 1st Infantry Regiment had started for the front in May 1944 overland, while its heavy weaponry were to transported by sea. These were, however, lost when the ship carrying the weapons was
589:
The initial successes in upper Burma, the engagements at Kohima, and the encirclement of Imphal was a key factor in convincing the INA that the offensive was succeeding. The forward HQ of the INA was moved to
950:
A majority of the troops of the Indian Legion, were to remain in Europe through the war and was never utilized in their original perceived role over Persia and Central Asia. The Legion was transferred to
704:. During this time, it drew officers from the 1st Infantry Regiment and the civilian training centre in Rangoon and was redesignated the 2nd Infantry regiment. The unit left Rangoon on 26 January for
885:, who were around Rangoon at this time, began a long march on foot through Burma in efforts to reach Singapore or the safe haven of Bangkok. Bose walked with them. Their retreat was hindered by
625:
further south, and to some of the INA hospitals. The regiments were massively depleted by the time they made it back to their stations. Only one battalion remained of the Gandhi by early July.
332:'s 15th army were push into Manipur to capture Imphal, scattering British forces and forestalling any offensive movements against Burma. The INA's Special Services Group, redesignated as the
178:
from India. Of the formation of this army however, the British intelligence was unaware of until around July 1942, and even then was unclear on the scale, purpose and organisation of the INA.
730:
defended by about five hundred troops of the 9th battalion at Pagan. The regiment was armed with rifles, three light mortars with sixty rounds between them, and four machineguns.
339:
defect. Fay quotes British Intelligence sources to confirm that these units achieved some success in these early stages. In early April a unit of the Bahadur Group, led by Col.
868:
surrendered to the provisional British formed by these troops and helped maintain law and order in the crumbling city before forces from Slim's 14th Army entered the city.
737:
in broad daylight, initially suffered heavy losses as their assault boats broke down under machine-gun fire directed from the positions where the 7th battalion had dug in.
358:
Meanwhile, the 1st battalion of the INA's 1st Guerrilla regiment, lightly armed, was directed to towards the south to participate in the diversionary attack. The unit left
2564:
2537:
1104:
especially in the latter, supporting the Japanese offensive and tying down British troops. Fay also notes the published accounts of several veterans, including that of
669:
at Myingyan. On 29 January 1945, the 4th under Dhillon was ordered south to Nyaungu to oppose the elements of British IV corps moving down the Gangaw valley, troops of
2343:
717:
2155:
741:
noted this in his memoirs as "the longest opposed river crossing attempted in any theatre of the Second World War" Eventually, however, support from tanks of the
1117:
underground within India had been crushed well before the offensives opened in the Burma-Manipur theatre, depriving the army of any organised internal support.
532:
With the offensive more or less stopped by mid-May in the face of fierce resistance from the commonwealth forces, Khan's forces were redirected to engage
2264:
881:'s government. The remnants of the INA's first guerrilla regiment, the X-regiment as it came to be called then, also attempted to march to Bangkok. The
273:, it was expected to live off the land and garner support, supplies, and ranks from amongst the local populace to ultimately touch off a revolution.
261:
force that would initiate defections among the British Indian troops, as well as garner support and sympathy among the local population for the INA.
1875:
316:
In March 1944, the Japanese forces began its offensive into India's eastern frontier. The plans for the offensive directed three divisions from
1958:
1250:
28:
1078:
before it was withdrawn from the front to be used in antipartisan operations. It surrendered to the Allied forces April 1945, still in Italy.
1964:
1827:
832:
before it was cut off by the allied forces, while Shah Nawaz and Dhillon's forces, numbering a few hundred, turned towards the Irrawaddy at
378:
in early March. By this time the Arakan offensive was nearing its end, and although it had been a successful diversion, Kawabe's forces had
2439:
510:
irregulars. From the bases at Falam and Hakha, Khan's forces sent out forward patrols and laid ambushes, with some successes, for the Chin
864:
and the city prepared to surrender, the British PoWs were released from their captivity. The 6000 strong INA contingent in the city under
2082:
1002:
in May 1943 and stayed there till relieved in September of that year. From here, it was deployed to Les Sables d'Olonne in France. The
917:. The initial recruits were Indian student volunteers resident in Germany at the time, and a handful from the Indian PoWs captured by
1938:
926:
into revolt. A majority of the troops of the Free India Legion were only ever stationed in Europe -mostly in non-combat duties- from
788:
commanded by Yamamoto Tsunoru. The unit started reaching Popa in the middle of February in bits and pieces, making their way up from
1845:
1805:
1787:
1767:
395:
84:
79:. The INA was not considered a significant military threat. However, it was deemed a significant strategic threat especially to the
836:. Approaching Natmauk, Sahgal learnt of the fall of Yenangyaung to the British forces, who now approached Magwe. He turned towards
2501:
1933:
764:
320:'s Burma Area Army to initiate a diversionary attack at Arakan and cover the southern coast while another two divisions watched
186:
Intelligence summaries initially did not believe the INA to be a substantial force or have any purpose more than propaganda and
2506:
2348:
1943:
570:
The 3rd Guerrilla, or the Azad regiment, was under the command of Col. Gulzara Singh. The unit marched from Yeu through the
120:
1385:
1010:
as Corps Reserve until the end of September 1943, where they gained a "wild and loathsome" reputation amongst the natives.
556:
in late April. The INA high command was informed at this time of the Yamamoto force's impending assault on the airfield at
2559:
2359:
796:
124:
2481:
2166:
2160:
1868:
159:
1898:
2461:
2370:
1918:
603:
2476:
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1994:
1984:
1019:
2511:
2393:
2234:
526:
514:
under the command of a British officer, taking a number of prisoners. In the middle of May, a force under Khan's
456:
792:
on foot. Popa lay east of the Messervy's 17th Indian Division's course, heading towards Myingyan-Meiktila road.
506:
Among the responsibilities of Khan's forces was the protection of the southern flank of Mutaguchi's forces from
2516:
2486:
2471:
2466:
2433:
2398:
2101:
224:
646:, in November to reorganise. All three units later came under the command of (then) Maj. Gen Shah Nawaz Khan.
190:
purposes. However, by the end of 1942, they had become aware of trained Indian espionage agents (of the INA's
2320:
2259:
2004:
1861:
882:
784:
with its oilfields. Sahgal's unit was tasked to work with a unit of the 28th Army, the Kanjo force or Kanjo
536:. Khan moved across the Japanese rear with the 3rd Battalion and portion of the 2nd. By the time he reached
522:
414:
379:
311:
1062:, to Oberhofen near the town of Heuberg in Germany in the winter of 1944, where it stayed till March 1945.
245:
2383:
2212:
2143:
2133:
1088:
889:'s Burmese guerrillas, as well as by Chinese forces who laid ambushes for the retreating Japanese troops.
666:
483:
at the end of March. From this position, a unit of the 2nd battalion moved to relieve Japanese forces at
386:'s 17th Indian Division. The 1st battalion marched up the Kaladan river and by middle of March approached
1058:, suffering two more casualties (Lt Kalu Ram and Capt Mela Ram). The unit moved from Remiremont, through
990:
troops in August. In September 1943, the battalion was deployed on the Atlantic coast of Bordeaux on the
726:
and establish a firm bridgehead quickly. Slim's 7th Indian Division's crossing was made on a wide front.
2496:
2403:
2217:
2192:
1055:
503:'s forces that would allow it to receive possible volunteers, as well as begin its advance into India.
2289:
2269:
2177:
2039:
1884:
1030:
and remained there for up to two months after D-Day. On 8 August, its control was transferred to the
935:
638:
in the south and at Chaungu to the north of it respectively. All the three regiments were ordered to
254:
167:
96:
19:
1260:
1043:
277:, an officer of the INA once Military secretary to Subhas Chandra Bose and later tried in the first
2202:
2197:
2093:
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Axis War Makes Easier Task of Indians. Chandra Bose's Berlin Speech. Chandra Bose’s Berlin Speech.
1101:
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207:
155:
116:
112:
80:
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2111:
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1999:
759:
742:
1039:
938:. A small contingent, including the leadership and the officer corps, was also transferred to
2418:
2294:
2123:
1841:
1823:
1801:
1783:
1763:
1027:
701:
492:
480:
274:
151:
108:
540:
however, Mutaguchi's 31st division had begun withdrawing from Kohima. Khan decided to attack
31:. These range from the earliest deployments of the INA's preceding units in espionage during
2428:
2338:
2333:
2279:
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2106:
2044:
2034:
2009:
1923:
1903:
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429:
425:
266:
32:
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Intelligence and the War Against Japan: Britain, America and the Politics of Secret Service
594:, in anticipation of moving into Indian territory and taking charge of these as they fell.
2491:
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1948:
1255:
1047:
898:
845:
804:
734:
696:
The 5th Guerrilla Regiment was moved in December 1944 from Malaya to Mingaladon, close to
653:
by the time the Imphal offensive was called off, was in the meantime ordered southwest to
329:
325:
321:
317:
278:
163:
104:
60:
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2314:
2274:
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2128:
2019:
800:
773:
583:
579:
549:
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484:
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383:
290:
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236:
219:
211:
171:
147:
52:
2553:
2299:
2284:
2249:
2239:
2138:
2076:
2049:
1816:
1756:
1074:. Having been deployed in the spring of 1944, it faced the British 5th Corps and the
991:
960:
931:
833:
658:
518:, Mahboob "Boobie" Ahmed, attacked and captured the hilltop fortress of Klang Klang.
439:, while the 15th Division was detailed to move down Kohima road to the North-west of
410:
340:
334:
191:
64:
2521:
2229:
2117:
2071:
1953:
1913:
1114:
1105:
987:
914:
906:
738:
670:
614:
571:
507:
391:
24:
1975:
302:, beginning the next phase initialing local resistance and revolts within India.
2526:
2388:
2024:
1928:
1705:
1389:
956:
927:
781:
553:
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at Kalewa. From Kalewa, the 2nd Guerrilla turned north to reach the vicinity of
295:
72:
44:
2304:
2254:
2029:
777:
747:
722:
For the Commonwealth IV Corps's sector, it was vital to seize the area around
511:
472:
403:
367:
215:
768:
Troops of the Indian National Army who surrendered at Mount Popa, April 1945.
394:
peninsula. Subsequently, the unit progressed slowly but successfully against
210:
had reached a crescendo within India, while the continuing British reversals
2531:
2149:
2065:
1908:
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1031:
1007:
983:
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682:
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100:
1386:"Azad Hind Expedition: A tribute to the braves of the Indian National Army"
905:, ostensibly according to the concept of an Indian Liberation force during
811:
and the INA's 2nd Infantry were tasked to secure grounds east of the town.
107:
consisting of prisoners taken by the Japan in her Malayan campaign and at
2413:
2378:
1023:
886:
841:
654:
650:
643:
639:
635:
563:
Pritam's unit was however, walked into an ambush laid by a detachment of
515:
387:
2054:
2014:
1853:
1780:
The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945.
1695:
Houterman, Eastern Troops in Zeeland, The Netherlands, 1943-1945, p. 63
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in September to be judged unfit to proceed further until re-equipped.
35:
in 1942, through the more substantial commitments during the Japanese
1059:
918:
878:
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in charge, was in the meantime tasked to take defensive positions at
686:
622:
618:
591:
564:
541:
537:
533:
476:
464:
444:
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68:
63:
did not see any substantial deployment although some were engaged in
56:
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while still under Mohan Singh's command. Later, during the Japanese
2223:
1071:
1051:
999:
849:
837:
789:
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665:'s refusal to consent. The unit was transferred to the command of
557:
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399:
375:
363:
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administration took control of this independent Indian territory.
244:
195:
137:
76:
36:
1070:
The 9th Company of II Battalion of the Legion also saw action in
343:, broke through the British defences on 14 April 1944 to capture
1092:
942:
after its formation and saw action in the INA's Burma Campaign.
582:
the last among the INA's 1st division, and never made it to the
257:, in relation to the opening Japanese offensive, was to be of a
40:
1857:
328:'s forces in the north. In the centre, three divisions from
1038:). Command of the legion was very shortly transferred from
963:
duties and later to France in September 1943, attached to
154:. In February 1942, the Indian prisoners of war from the
901:
was an Indian armed unit raised in 1941 attached to the
733:
Messervy's 7th Indian division, attempting to cross the
1683:
Kurowski, The Brandenburgers – Global Mission., p. 137
840:, attempting to outrun the pursuing British forces to
223:
at the frontline, as well as rising nationalist (or “
1716:
Davis, Flags of the Third Reich 2: Waffen SS, pp. 22
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on 3 March, its recapture had become a priority for
2449:
2369:
2176:
2092:
1983:
1891:
1050:at Nuits-Saint-Georges while retreating across the
51:region, to the defensive battles during the Allied
1815:
1755:
1034:(as was that of every other volunteer unit of the
986:in May 1943 where they stayed until relieved by
398:before crossing the Burma-India border north of
718:Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations
700:in December, when it came under the command of
578:The 4th Guerrilla, or the Nehru regiment, left
249:Indian National Army marching in Rangoon, 1944.
87:describing it as a target of prime importance.
1798:History of modern India: (1885 A.D.-1947 A.D.)
1221:
1219:
1158:
1156:
1154:
649:The 4th Guerrilla regiment, which had reached
1869:
1706:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3684288.stm
214:further affected the morale of the army. The
166:, and a large number volunteered to form the
8:
1782:, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.,
1733:
1731:
1691:
1689:
922:public resentment of the Raj and incite the
1054:to Dijon. It was regularly harassed by the
780:, which it was hoped would help secure the
491:. The 3rd battalion was meanwhile moved to
158:captured there came under the influence of
1876:
1862:
1854:
1014:Indische Freiwilligen Legion der Waffen SS
366:. From Prome, the unit marched across the
1606:
1604:
1555:
1553:
1540:
1538:
1513:
1511:
1498:
1496:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1442:
1440:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1325:
1323:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
467:and, after marching up the valley of the
2565:South-East Asian theatre of World War II
763:
111:. Later, after it was reorganized under
1133:
1126:
844:and attempting a breakthrough over the
174:and had the stated aim of overthrowing
1737:
1210:
998:moved from Beverloo to the island of
860:As the Japanese forces withdrew from
146:had suffered a blow with the fall of
18:Battles and Operations involving the
7:
1725:Antonio J Munuz – The East came West
1583:
1113:to overthrow the Raj. Moreover, the
443:. The main force detailed to engage
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1595:
1571:
1559:
1544:
1529:
1517:
1502:
1487:
1475:
1458:
1446:
1431:
1410:
1371:
1350:
1329:
1314:
1302:
1281:
1237:
1225:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1145:
455:The 2nd and 3rd battalions, led by
435:engaged the commonwealth forces at
123:. It was during this time that the
1800:, Anmol publications, New Delhi.,
150:and, later, the massive surrender
75:, and later a small deployment in
14:
521:With the Messervy's 17th Indians
253:The strategy of operation of the
1974:
1018:The Legion was stationed in the
499:area in anticipation of fall of
487:while a second company moved to
1944:Provisional Government of India
1899:Revolutionary conspiracy of WWI
374:and then up the coast to reach
1762:, Cambridge University Press,
1672:Syonan Sinbun, 26 January 1943
673:'s South Lancashire Regiment.
67:duties, special operations in
1:
959:in April 1943 as part of the
125:British Military Intelligence
2482:Japanese occupation of Burma
1388:. CUVL India. Archived from
1251:"INA's Victory & Defeat"
55:. The INA's brother unit in
2462:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
2265:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1754:Aldrich, Ricjard J (2000),
362:in early February at reach
202:Espionage in Burma frontier
119:in the early stages of the
2581:
2477:Selarang Barracks incident
1840:, New York, David McKay.,
934:duties in France till the
757:
715:
601:
423:
408:
396:Commonwealth African units
309:
234:
135:
2512:Malaysian Indian Congress
1972:
936:Allied invasion of France
529:ordered it back to base.
447:, the 33rd Division (the
2467:Special Bureau for India
2102:Indian National Congress
689:. The unit assembled in
402:, occupying Mowdok near
29:South-East Asian theatre
2260:Rani of Jhansi Regiment
2005:Indian National Council
1818:Modern India, 1885-1947
969:159 Infanterie-Division
965:344 Infanterie-Division
772:The 2nd Infantry, with
415:Battle of the Admin Box
312:Second Arakan Offensive
27:were all fought in the
2213:First Arakan offensive
1814:Sarkar, Sumit (1983),
1778:Fay, Peter W. (1993),
1089:First Arakan Offensive
769:
667:Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon
604:Burma campaign 1944–45
471:, reached the edge of
250:
206:Around this time, the
192:Special services group
2497:India in World War II
2472:Azad Hind Decorations
2404:INA Defence Committee
2218:Hindustan Field Force
2000:Swami Satyananda Puri
1796:Chand, Hukam (2005),
883:Rani of Jhansi troops
872:Withdrawal from Burma
803:, now commanding the
767:
629:Preparing for defence
310:Further information:
248:
2560:Indian National Army
2270:Mohammed Zaman Kiani
2040:Bidadary Resolutions
1885:Indian National Army
1838:Defeat into Victory.
1392:on 29 September 2007
1263:on 30 September 2007
848:in the direction of
457:Col. Shah Nawaz Khan
255:Indian National Army
168:Indian National Army
97:Indian National Army
20:Indian National Army
2344:Battle of Irrawaddy
2094:Subhas Chandra Bose
1985:Indian Independence
1822:, Delhi:Macmillan,
1026:at the time of the
924:British Indian army
911:Subhas Chandra Bose
663:Subhas Chandra Bose
208:Quit India movement
160:Indian nationalists
156:British Indian Army
117:British Indian Army
113:Subhas Chandra Bose
2409:Kailash Nath Katju
2354:Surrender of Japan
2349:Battle of Meiktila
2060:Bangkok Conference
1649:, pp. 352–354
1625:, pp. 341–352
982:was reassigned to
971:of the Wehrmacht.
946:Holland and France
770:
760:Battle of Meiktila
743:Gordon Highlanders
681:somewhere between
251:
182:Espionage in India
170:with support from
43:offensives in the
2547:
2546:
2419:Tej Bahadur Sapru
2295:Rasammah Bhupalan
2198:Fall of Singapore
2161:Death controversy
2124:Bengal Volunteers
1959:Greater East Asia
1836:Slim, W. (1961),
1829:978-0-333-90425-1
1056:French Resistance
1028:Normandy landings
974:From Beverloo in
702:Prem Kumar Sahgal
420:Imphal and Kohima
380:failed to capture
275:Prem Kumar Sahgal
2572:
2429:Jawaharlal Nehru
2339:Battle of Kohima
2334:Battle of Imphal
2188:Battle of Malaya
2045:Tokyo Conference
2035:Rash Behari Bose
1978:
1924:Berlin Committee
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1850:
1832:
1821:
1810:
1792:
1772:
1761:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1259:. Archived from
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1076:Polish 2nd Corps
967:, and later the
866:Major Loganathan
797:fall of Meiktila
659:court-martialled
430:Battle of Kohima
426:Battle of Imphal
267:North-East India
142:The prestige of
121:Arakan offensive
101:initially formed
33:Malayan Campaign
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2492:Masakasu Kawabe
2487:Burma Area Army
2457:Azad Hind Radio
2445:
2424:Bhulabhai Desai
2371:Red Fort trials
2365:
2280:A.D. Loganathan
2179:
2178:Indian National
2172:
2156:Habib-ur-Rahman
2088:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1887:
1882:
1848:
1835:
1830:
1813:
1808:
1795:
1790:
1777:
1770:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1357:
1349:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1256:Hindustan Times
1249:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1084:
1068:
1016:
948:
899:Indische Legion
895:
893:Indische Legion
874:
858:
856:Fall of Rangoon
805:Burma Area Army
762:
756:
720:
714:
631:
606:
600:
432:
424:Main articles:
422:
417:
326:Chiang Kai-shek
314:
308:
279:Red Fort trials
243:
235:Main articles:
233:
204:
184:
164:Mohan Singh Deb
140:
134:
105:Mohan Singh Deb
93:
61:Indische Legion
12:
11:
5:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2450:Related topics
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2275:Lakshmi Sahgal
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:Subhas Brigade
2242:
2237:
2235:Gandhi Brigade
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Emilie Schenkl
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Imperial Japan
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1833:
1828:
1811:
1806:
1793:
1788:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1676:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1549:
1534:
1522:
1507:
1492:
1480:
1463:
1451:
1436:
1415:
1403:
1376:
1355:
1334:
1319:
1307:
1286:
1274:
1242:
1230:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1150:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1083:
1080:
1067:
1064:
1044:Heinz Bertling
1015:
1012:
947:
944:
894:
891:
873:
870:
857:
854:
801:Hyotaro Kimura
774:Col P.K Sahgal
758:Main article:
755:
752:
716:Main article:
713:
710:
683:Victoria point
630:
627:
602:Main article:
599:
596:
459:, crossed the
421:
418:
307:
304:
291:Subhas Brigade
271:Gangetic plain
241:Burma campaign
237:Operation U-Go
232:
229:
220:First Campaign
203:
200:
183:
180:
133:
130:
92:
89:
53:Burma campaign
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2577:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:Bombay mutiny
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Burhan-ud-Din
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:Burma theatre
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Shaukat Malik
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Bahadur Group
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Nehru Brigade
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Indian Legion
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:Azad Hind Dal
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Kabul mission
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1847:1-56849-077-1
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1807:81-261-2283-8
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1789:0-472-08342-2
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:0-521-64186-1
1765:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:, p. 411
1739:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1661:, p. 358
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1637:, p. 348
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1613:, p. 334
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:, p. 333
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:, p. 425
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:, p. 332
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:, p. 330
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:, p. 320
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1532:, p. 319
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:, p. 317
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:, p. 316
1504:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:, p. 302
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:, p. 303
1477:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:, p. 300
1460:
1455:
1452:
1449:, p. 301
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1434:, p. 290
1433:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:, p. 288
1412:
1407:
1404:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1374:, p. 287
1373:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:, p. 286
1352:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:, p. 284
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:, p. 264
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:, p. 285
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:, p. 265
1283:
1278:
1275:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1240:, p. 296
1239:
1234:
1231:
1228:, p. 281
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1213:, p. 226
1212:
1207:
1204:
1201:, p. 138
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:, p. 298
1188:
1183:
1180:
1177:, p. 292
1176:
1171:
1168:
1165:, p. 410
1164:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:, p. 409
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:, p. 159
1135:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:III Battalion
1001:
997:
993:
992:Bay of Biscay
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
961:Atlantic Wall
958:
954:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:Atlantic Wall
929:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
871:
869:
867:
863:
855:
853:
851:
847:
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411:Bahadur Group
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370:to reach the
369:
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341:Shaukat Malik
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331:
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2536:
2517:INA treasure
2507:William Slim
2438:
2358:
2326:
2319:
2309:
2290:Janaki Davar
2285:J.R. Bhonsle
2230:Azad Brigade
2222:
2165:
2148:
2134:Forward Bloc
2118:Purna Swaraj
2116:
2081:
2072:Hikari Kikan
2064:
2020:K.P.K. Menon
1995:Pritam Singh
1987:League (IIL)
1963:
1954:Pan Asianism
1837:
1817:
1797:
1779:
1757:
1748:Bibliography
1721:
1712:
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1394:. Retrieved
1390:the original
1379:
1310:
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1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1254:
1245:
1233:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1141:
1134:Aldrich 2000
1129:
1115:Forward Bloc
1111:
1106:William Slim
1085:
1069:
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1006:remained at
1003:
996:II Battalion
995:
979:
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907:World War II
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382:and destroy
357:
333:
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287:
263:
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225:Pro-Congress
205:
185:
152:at Singapore
141:
94:
25:World War II
17:
15:
2527:Joyce Lebra
2203:Farrer Park
2193:Mohan Singh
1934:Barkatullah
1929:Bagha Jatin
1904:Rash Behari
1738:Sarkar 1983
980:I Battalion
957:Netherlands
928:Netherlands
782:Yenangyaung
642:, south of
296:Brahmaputra
81:Indian Army
73:Afghanistan
45:Upper Burma
2554:Categories
2394:Shah Nawaz
2305:John Thivy
2255:Tokyo Boys
2112:Sarat Bose
2025:A.M. Sahay
2010:I Fujiwara
1892:Historical
1704:BBC News,
1384:Bakshi A.
1211:Chand 2005
1121:References
1040:Kurt Krapp
1022:region of
778:Mount Popa
754:Mount Popa
748:Mount Popa
527:Shah Nawaz
512:guerrillas
493:Fort White
481:Fort White
473:Chin Hills
409:See also:
404:Chittagong
390:, east of
368:Chin Hills
298:and enter
231:Second INA
162:, notably
136:See also:
91:Background
2532:Hugh Toye
2522:Peter Fay
2502:14th Army
2321:Admin Box
2208:First INA
2150:Azad Hind
2066:Azad Hind
2050:H Iwakuro
2030:S.A. Ayer
1909:Har Dayal
1584:Slim 1961
1102:Meiktilla
1098:Irrawaddy
1036:Wehrmacht
1032:Waffen SS
1008:Oldebroek
984:Zandvoort
940:Azad Hind
903:Wehrmacht
846:Irrawaddy
817:guerrilla
795:With the
735:Irrawaddy
712:Irrawaddy
679:Torpedoed
544:instead.
353:Azad Hind
330:Mutaguchi
322:Stillwell
283:Azad Hind
259:guerrilla
188:espionage
132:First INA
109:Singapore
2414:Asaf Ali
2107:C.R. Das
1659:Fay 1993
1647:Fay 1993
1635:Fay 1993
1623:Fay 1993
1611:Fay 1993
1596:Fay 1993
1572:Fay 1993
1560:Fay 1993
1545:Fay 1993
1530:Fay 1993
1518:Fay 1993
1503:Fay 1993
1488:Fay 1993
1476:Fay 1993
1459:Fay 1993
1447:Fay 1993
1432:Fay 1993
1411:Fay 1993
1372:Fay 1993
1351:Fay 1993
1330:Fay 1993
1315:Fay 1993
1303:Fay 1993
1282:Fay 1993
1238:Fay 1993
1226:Fay 1993
1199:Fay 1993
1187:Fay 1993
1175:Fay 1993
1163:Fay 1993
1146:Fay 1993
1024:Bordeaux
988:Georgian
887:Aung San
842:Allanmyo
655:Myingyan
651:Mandalay
644:Mandalay
640:Pyinmana
636:Mandalay
584:Chindwin
550:Chindwin
516:Adjutant
501:Messervy
461:Chindwin
449:Yamamoto
388:Kyauktaw
384:Messervy
212:at Burma
2384:Dhillon
2310:Battles
2055:I Kikan
2015:F Kikan
1396:22 June
1020:Lacanau
976:Belgium
955:in the
953:Zeeland
862:Rangoon
830:Natmauk
724:Pakokku
698:Rangoon
691:Rangoon
565:Gurkhas
497:Tonzang
469:Myittha
372:Taungup
360:Rangoon
349:Manipur
345:Moirang
176:The Raj
144:The Raj
83:, with
49:Manipur
23:during
2389:Sahgal
1919:Chatto
1844:
1826:
1804:
1786:
1766:
1267:8 July
1082:Impact
1060:Alsace
1048:armour
994:. The
919:Rommel
879:Ba Maw
834:Magway
687:Mergui
623:Maymyo
619:Monywa
592:Maymyo
580:Malaya
542:Imphal
538:Ukhrul
534:Kohima
477:Tiddim
475:below
465:Kalewa
445:Imphal
441:Imphal
437:Kohima
351:. The
318:Kawabe
306:Arakan
300:Bengal
148:Malaya
103:under
85:Wavell
69:Persia
59:, the
57:Europe
2379:CSDIC
2224:Jiffs
2144:U-180
1914:Ghadr
1072:Italy
1066:Italy
1052:Loire
1000:Texel
930:, to
850:Prome
838:Prome
809:Butai
790:Prome
786:Butai
706:Prome
598:Burma
558:Palel
489:Hakha
485:Falam
400:Akyab
376:Akyab
364:Prome
216:Irwin
196:Burma
172:Japan
138:Jiffs
77:Italy
37:Ha Go
2538:more
2440:more
2360:more
2328:U-Go
2180:Army
2167:more
2083:more
1965:more
1842:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1398:2007
1269:2007
1100:and
1093:U-GO
897:The
739:Slim
685:and
671:Slim
554:Tamu
508:Chin
479:and
428:and
413:and
392:Mayu
324:and
239:and
99:was
95:The
71:and
47:and
41:U Go
39:and
16:The
1042:to
913:in
909:by
661:on
463:at
347:in
218:'s
2556::
1730:^
1688:^
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1253:.
1218:^
1153:^
978:,
750:.
708:.
621:,
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406:.
285:.
198:.
1877:e
1870:t
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495:-
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