344:. Bearded dragons are characterized by their broad, triangular heads, flattened bodies, and rows and clusters of spiny scales covering their entire bodies. When threatened, bearded dragons puff up their bodies and beards to ward off predators and make their somewhat dull spikes seem more dangerous. Bearded dragons display a hand-waving gesture to show submission (most often when acknowledging another bearded dragon's territory), and a head-bobbing display to show dominance between dragons. Some have the ability to slightly change color in response to certain stimuli including rivalry challenges between males and ambient temperature changes (e.g., turning black to absorb heat). Bearded dragons occur in a variety of colors and morphs and can range from being all dark to completely white under controlled breeding conditions. Males grow up to 60 cm (24 in) long, and females up to 51 cm (20 in).
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malnutrition or the use of improper lighting, meaning they are unable to properly assimilate calcium from their diet or there isn't enough in their diet. Most bearded dragons in captivity will be fed supplementation and all will need a UVB light to enable them to properly use calcium in their diet. Typical foods that bearded dragons eat, including kale, mustard greens, and collard greens, are high in calcium and should be eaten daily along with other leafy greens and vegetables to have a well-balanced diet. Bearded dragons require UVB lights to process calcium in their diet. Without processing this calcium, their bodies will use calcium from their bones, therefore weakening them. Symptoms seen in bearded dragons with MBD include bumps in the legs, twitches or tremors, bumps along the spine or tail, a swollen bottom jaw, and jerky movements.
370:, in which like hibernation, reptiles go months without eating, but sporadically drink water. Reptiles go dormant in the hottest temperatures, but it differs from brumation during cooler temperatures. When temperatures are extreme, a very small range of temperatures exists through which the reptile's bodies can stay active and where their bodies cannot tolerate the extreme heat and they die. Bearded dragons go through brumation when the temperature goes below 15.5–21.0°C (60–70°F) during the night and 24.0–26.5°C (75–80°F) during the day for 8-10 hours. When the climate is too hot they will often burrow underground. They will also form more permanent burrows or covered hiding places to use as protection from the climate changes at night and predation.
363:, with their range extending throughout the interior of the eastern states to the eastern half of South Australia and southeastern Northern Territory. They are considered to be semiarboreal and quite readily climb and bask at height. This is also linked to dominance behavior and competition for territory/basking areas. They can be found on fallen/broken trees, rocky outcrops, and bushes when basking. Many of the Australian locals have spotted bearded dragons on fence posts and elevated rocky areas. At night, they prefer to dig holes to sleep in, climb in trees, or submerge themselves in rocks and like to climb into the cracks and crevices of stones and caves.
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frequently, especially in courtship rituals. Females also display their beards as a sign of aggression. The beard darkens, sometimes turning jet black, and inflates during the display. The bearded dragon may also open its mouth and gape in addition to inflating its beard to appear more intimidating. Extreme behavior such as hissing can be observed when threatened with a predator, inflating the body and tilting towards the threat in defense. Bearded dragons have relatively strong jaws, but often only attack as a last resort when threatened outside of competition with their own species.
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temperatures above 31 °C (88 °F) can cause sex reversal, and the likelihood of sex reversal has a positive correlation with temperature up to 36°C. Incubation temperatures below 31°C cannot trigger sex reversal. Surprisingly, female bearded dragons with a male genotype do not have many differences from genotypic females. According to one study done on bite force, male bearded dragons have a higher bite force than genotypic females, and sex-reversed females, but no difference was seen between genotypic females and sex-reversed females.
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tend to have lighter and more vibrant coloration. Translucents have a less opaque quality to their skin, making their colors seem stronger, and have black eyes. Also, "leatherbacks" have reduced scale texture to give a smoother skin, "silkbacks" have softer outer skin, and "German giants" are larger than average. Silkbacks in particular require special care, as they have far more delicate skin, and as such, require different UV and humidity requirements. They also tend to live shorter lives.
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his dominance when attempting to mate before the female will concede. Smaller males often respond to a larger male's head bobbing by arm waving, which is a submissive sign. Females also arm wave to avoid aggression, often in response to a male's head bobbing. Female bearded dragons have been seen lowering themselves towards the ground and intermittently arm waving whilst moving away from a dominant male in an attempt to either appease or escape.
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407:. In an experiment at the University of Padova, bearded dragons were presented with two different-sized plates with the same amount of food. The bearded dragons chose the smaller plate more often than they chose the larger one, showing that they were able to perceive the illusion and interpret that a larger plate does not always mean more food. This is the first evidence of this behavior being shown in a reptile species.
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generally cope with larger insects but not oversized prey. If a dragon eats food that is too big for it, pressure will be put on its spinal cord during digestion. This pressure can lead to impaction which can lead to death. Another cause of impaction in captivity is ingestion of the substrate, commonly sand or other loose substrates.
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Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a collective term for several common diseases/illnesses that can be fatal and is probably the most common health problem of bearded dragons. A main attribute of MBD is the weakening of the skeletal structure and possible deformation. It occurs in bearded dragons due to
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Generally, the bearded dragon is a solitary animal. Males are usually housed alone, as they fight with other males and breed with females. Captive adults reach about 40 to 61 cm (16 to 24 in) from head to tail, weigh 290 to 600 g (10 to 20 oz) and live for about 10 to 15 years and
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Adult bearded dragons are very territorial. As they grow, they establish territories in which displays of aggression and appeasement form a normal part of their social interactions. A dominant male adopts a dominant stance and sometimes readies himself for a fight to attack a male aggressor to defend
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Impaction occurs often in bearded dragons when they are fed food that is too big for them. Bearded dragons will try to eat worms or crickets that are too big for them, but this can be extremely harmful. Food should not be bigger than the space between their eyes for a young dragon. Older dragons can
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Through selective breeding, many different versions of the central bearded dragon have been developed, referred to as "morphs". They have a few main genetic traits, including "hypomelanism" and "translucent", which refer to traits physically displayed by the dragon. Bearded dragons with hypomelanism
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Head bobbing is another behavior seen in both females and males; they quickly move their heads up and down, often darkening and flaring their beards. Changes in the pace of head bobbing are thought to be a form of communication. Males head bob to impress females, and a male often has to demonstrate
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The bearded dragon occurs in many different colors. The beard itself is used for mating and aggression displays, as well as heat management. It forms part of a range of gestures and signals through which the dragons have basic levels of communication. Both sexes have a beard, but males display more
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Hypocalcemia occurs when there are low levels of calcium in the bearded dragon's blood. Hypocalcemia is most often tied to metabolic bone disease. Low levels of calcium can result in twitching muscles, or seizures. Hypocalcemia is most often seen in young bearded dragons, as they are slightly more
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Atadenovirus (ADV), also referred to as adenovirus, can be deadly. ADV can be spread between reptiles through contact alone. Most juvenile ADV-positive bearded dragons do not live past 90 days. While ADV-positive adults will live longer, they eventually contract liver diseases. Common symptoms of
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When brumation comes to an end, the male bearded dragon goes out to find a mate. A courtship ritual occurs where the male starts bobbing his head, waving his arms, and stomping his feet in front of the female. The male chases the female and bites the back of her neck and holds on while he gets in
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Bearded dragons exhibit temperature sex determination; while the embryo is developing, higher temperatures cause dragons with a male genotype to experience sex reversal and express a female phenotype. This produces a bearded dragon that is a female, but still has a male genotype. Incubation
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being used as substitutes where less housing space is available. Introduced into the U.S. as pets during the 1990s, bearded dragons have gained much popularity as an exotic pet. This popularity has been sustained, even after
Australia banned the sale of its wildlife as pets in the 1960s.
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territory or food sources, or in competition for a female. Any male approaching without displaying submissive behavior is seen as a challenge for territory. Aggressive males have even been known to attack females that do not display submissive gestures in return.
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Like many other reptile species (and what is most often observed in birds), females are capable of laying eggs even without fertilization. These eggs appear slightly smaller and softer, and contain a yellow yolk when broken open.
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Microphthalmia/anophthalmia is when a bearded dragon is born with small or no eye(s). The cause of this defect is a traumatic event or an environmental event that occurred during the development of the
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and overall health. They also require a basking heat source, most commonly a light-emitting source, to provide a basking area. Heat and UV are both vital to the bearded dragons' biological function.
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During the development of an embryo, abnormalities may result in birth defects. These abnormalities might be caused by chromosomal disorders, chemicals, or other genetic or environmental factors.
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Spinal and limb defects are abnormalities in the spine, tail, limbs, or toes. This occurs with nutritional deficiencies, trauma, or temperature issues during the development of the affected area.
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ADV-positive bearded dragons include stunted growth and slow weight gain. Because of their compromised immune systems, ADV-positive bearded dragons may be infected with intestinal parasites.
278:. The name "bearded dragon" refers to the underside of the throat (or "beard") of the lizard, which can turn black and become inflated for a number of reasons, most often as a result of
507:, polarisation, dystocia, Yellow Fungus Disease and parasites. The majority of health issues bearded dragons face in captivity are due to poor diet and inadequate heat and lighting.
282:, if they feel threatened, or are trying to entice a mate. They are a semiarboreal species, spending significant amounts of time on branches, in bushes, and near human habitation.
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Jones MEH, Pistevos JC, Cooper N, Lappin, AK, Georges A Hutchinson MN, Holleley CE. (2020). "Reproductive phenotype predicts adult bite-force performance in sex reversed dragons (
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During the breeding period, female bearded dragons can store sperm in their oviductal crypts. This allows the females to lay a clutch of 11–30 eggs, twice from one mating.
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Although bearded dragons are fairly resilient to illness, improper care can potentially kill a bearded dragon. Some health issues that bearded dragons may have include
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Anasarca is when a bearded dragon is swollen within the egg. Observing eggs in the incubator, an anasarca egg appears to be sweating. The cause of this is not known.
2000:
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1019:
Mayer, William Vernon. “Dormancy.” Encyclopædia
Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17 May 2016, www.britannica.com/science/dormancy#ref1121981.
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Hermaphroditism is when the reproductive organs of both male and female are present. Bearded dragons born with both reproductive organs are infertile.
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due to a number of reasons such as incorrect lighting and temperature, high humidity, prolonged psychological stress, and poor captive conditions.
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fragile than adults. Maintaining a diet that consists of enough calcium is crucial to avoiding hypocalcemia as well as metabolic bone disease.
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is essential to calcium absorption, with calcium playing a major role in various critical biological functions. Bearded dragons also require
290:. Their diet consists primarily of vegetation and some insects. They are found throughout much of Australia and inhabit environments such as
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Correspondingly, adult male bearded dragons can bite more forcefully than adult females, which is associated with greater head dimensions.
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1833:. 1982. "Revision of the Bearded Dragons (Lacertilia: Agamidae) of Western Australia with Notes on the Dismemberment of the Genus
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longer with good care. They have been known to live up to about 15 years in captivity, and the current world record is 18 years.
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Amey Andrew P. Whittier Joan M. (2000) The annual reproductive cycle and sperm storage in the bearded dragon, Pogona barbata.
2018:
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is the most common species in captivity, as well as one of the most popular pet reptiles, with some smaller species such as
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In bearded dragons, respiratory infection (RI) is caused by a bacterial infection in the lungs. Bearded dragons develop a
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Schmidt-Ukaj, S.; Hochleithner, M.; Richter, B.; Hochleithner, C.; Brandstetter, D.; Knotek, Z. (20 September 2017).
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1310:"Evolving thermal thresholds explain the distribution of temperature sex reversal in an Australian dragon lizard"
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n. sp. coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae, 1989, Paperna and
Landsberg) in a western bearded dragon (
725:
803:
Wells, Richard W.; Wellington, C. Ross. 1985. "A Classification of the
Reptilia and Amphibia of Australia".
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species bask on rocks and exposed branches in the mornings and afternoons and sleep at night, making them a
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1353:"Reproductive phenotype predicts adult bite-force performance in sex-reversed dragons (Pogona vitticeps)"
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633:– Rankin's dragon, Lawson's dragon, black-soil bearded dragon, dumpy dragon, dwarf bearded dragon
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in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described under a different binomial.
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Jones, Marc; Pistavos, Jennifer; Cooper, Natalie; Lappin, AK; Georges, Arthur (April 2020).
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The
Bearded Dragon Manual: Expert Advice for Keeping and Caring for a Healthy Bearded Dragon
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1629:"A survey of diseases in captive bearded dragons: a retrospective study of 529 patients"
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Yang, R.; Brice, B.; Ryan, U. (2016). "Morphological and molecular characterization of
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Shistosomus reflexa is when the organs of a bearded dragon develop outside of the body.
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1216:"Can reptiles perceive visual illusions? Delboeuf illusion in red-footed tortoise (
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Through selective breeding, bearded dragons can have various colors and patterns.
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The bearded dragon has also been shown to perceive illusion, specifically the
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SantacĂ , M.; Miletto
Petrazzini, M. E.; Agrillo, C.; Wilkinson, A. (2019).
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Bicephalism is when a bearded dragon is born with two heads and one body.
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1979:
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Browne-Cooper, Robert; Brian Bush; Brad Maryan; David
Robinson (2007).
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Periat, Jennifer (Pat. J.) (17 February 2000). Harding, James (ed.).
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1734:"Atadenovirus – This Disease Can Be Deadly To Your Bearded Dragon"
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Tricia's
Chinese Water Dragon, Reptile and Amphibian Care Page
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1298:, 2 May 2017, australianmuseum.net.au/central-bearded-dragon.
1044:"Why Do Bearded Dragons Burrow? – Online Bearded Dragon Care"
1790:"Pet Reptiles Need Vitamin D and Calcium for Bone Health"
648:– Kimberley bearded dragon, Drysdale river bearded dragon
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The following six species are recognised as being valid.
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Bearded dragons go through a type of hibernation called
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Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern
Australia
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A male bearded dragon looking at his meal (off-screen)
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Galore Hill Nature Reserve, New South Wales, Australia
1712:"Bearded Dragon Impaction: All Signs & Treatment"
1308:
Castelli, Megan; Georges, Arthur (4 November 2020).
1882:
904:"Why do bearded dragons bob their heads at humans?"
27:Genus of lizards commonly known as bearded dragons
1427:"Exports of Australian native plants and animals"
689:– Central bearded dragon or inland bearded dragon
822:"8 Reasons For Your Bearded DragonĹ› Black Beard"
862:
860:
663:– Western bearded dragon, dwarf bearded dragon
8:
1169:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
990:) Species Profile: Habitat, Diet, and Care"
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1451:. hadesdragons.co.uk. 2010. Archived from
1414:A Guide to Australian Dragons in Captivity
844:Care of Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
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42:
31:
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1296:Central Bearded Dragon - Pogona Vitticeps
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325:in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
305:Captive adult measuring over 30 cm (1 ft)
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574:synthesis and to prevent illnesses like
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1270:Keeping Bearded Dragons Pogona Species
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586:, which stimulates feeding, breeding,
1294:Hosking, Chris. “Australian Museum.”
7:
1763:Bjornebo, Heather (11 August 2016).
1272:. Australian Reptile Keeper, 2009.
25:
1765:"Atadenovirus in Bearded Dragons"
1740:. 27 January 2012. Archived from
1357:Journal of Experimental Zoology A
1228:Journal of Comparative Psychology
1119:Journal of Experimental Zoology A
1074:Exotics — Reptiles and Amphibians
538:Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
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2096:Taxa named by Glen Milton Storr
1665:Beautiful Dragos Reptile Rescue
1067:"CARING FOR THE BEARDED DRAGON"
873:University of Western Australia
805:Australian J. Herp. Suppl. Ser.
389:Bearded dragon with mouth agape
271:, which are often known by the
1815:""IUCN search Pogona – Genus""
1661:"MBD – Metabolic Bone Disease"
1033:. 2nd ed., Lumina Media, 2016.
1:
1865:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1283:Australian Journal of Zoology
943:10.1016/j.exppara.2015.11.001
1603:"Bearded Dragons – Diseases"
1525:"Metabolic Bone Disease MDB"
1475:"Oldest bearded dragon ever"
902:Pets, Lizard (23 May 2023).
347:Bearded dragons live in the
2091:Agamid lizards of Australia
1839:Rec. Western Australia Mus.
1314:Diversity and Distributions
2122:
1848:, new genus, p. 201).
1685:Tricia Power (1995–2012).
1551:"Bearded Dragon Egg Bound"
957:"Central Bearded Dragon –
719:3-month-old bearded dragon
674:– Nullarbor bearded dragon
931:Experimental Parasitology
890:, Abrolhos Bearded Dragon
731:Male basking under a lamp
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78:Scientific classification
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68:
59:
50:
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34:
1738:www.reptilesmagazine.com
1646:10.17221/162/2016-VETMED
1416:. ABK Publications, 2012
614:– Eastern bearded dragon
563:Bearded dragons require
1577:"Yellow Fungus Disease"
1190:central bearded dragon"
965:australianmuseum.net.au
2106:Taxa described in 1982
1479:Guinness World Records
1220:) and bearded dragon (
1218:Chelonoidis carbonaria
1029:Vosjoli, Philippe De.
576:metabolic bone disease
511:Metabolic bone disease
501:metabolic bone disease
474:central bearded dragon
469:
416:position to copulate.
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326:
314:
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2053:Paleobiology Database
1581:Bearded Dragons World
1555:Bearded Dragons World
1529:Bearded Dragons World
1504:BeWild Reptile Rescue
923:Choleoeimeria pogonae
826:beardeddragontank.com
544:respiratory infection
467:
388:
320:
312:
304:
1687:"Calcium Deficiency"
1633:VeterinárnĂ MedicĂna
1429:. environment.gov.au
1194:Animal Diversity Web
994:www.peteducation.com
961:– Australian Museum"
875:Press. p. 160.
638:Pogona microlepidota
495:Common health issues
340:of the lizard group
213:Pogona microlepidota
1046:. 21 September 2015
619:Pogona henrylawsoni
479:Pogona henrylawsoni
323:Museum of Osteology
206:Pogona henrylawsoni
1455:on 5 November 2013
1240:10.1037/com0000176
927:Pogona minor minor
888:Pogona minor minor
807:(1): 1–61. (Genus
700:binomial authority
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431:Congenital defects
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2040:Open Tree of Life
1876:Taxon identifiers
1327:10.1111/ddi.13203
1088:"Bearded dragons"
986:"Bearded Dragon (
882:978-1-920694-74-6
404:Delboeuf illusion
264:containing eight
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72:– detail of head
16:(Redirected from
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1557:. 1 January 2020
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234:Pogona nullarbor
227:Pogona mitchelli
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1844:(2): 199–214. (
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1714:. 5 August 2020
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1449:"Hades Dragons"
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1268:Green, Darren.
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497:
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376:
288:diurnal species
276:bearded dragons
179:
80:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
2119:
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2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
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1932:
1919:
1904:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
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1868:
1867:
1854:
1853:External links
1851:
1850:
1849:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1781:
1755:
1744:on 22 May 2017
1725:
1703:
1677:
1652:
1639:(9): 508–515.
1619:
1594:
1568:
1542:
1516:
1491:
1466:
1440:
1418:
1412:Brown, Danny.
1394:
1363:(4): 252–263.
1343:
1320:(3): 427–438.
1300:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1234:(4): 419–427.
1206:
1176:
1125:(4): 252‒263.
1105:
1094:. 20 June 2019
1079:
1065:Doneley, Bob.
1057:
1035:
1022:
1011:
1000:on 29 May 2015
977:
948:
913:
894:
881:
856:
831:
813:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
783:
780:Chlamydosaurus
774:
771:
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762:
760:
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718:
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691:
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672:(Badham, 1976)
664:
649:
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615:
604:Pogona barbata
595:
592:
579:
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338:Amphibolurinae
247:
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199:Pogona barbata
192:
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165:Amphibolurinae
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26:
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18:Bearded dragon
14:
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3:
2:
2118:
2107:
2104:
2102:
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2086:Lizard genera
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1607:vca_corporate
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841:
835:
832:
827:
823:
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814:
810:
806:
800:
797:
791:
787:
786:Leopard gecko
784:
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781:
777:
776:
772:
766:
761:
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749:
745:
739:
734:
727:
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361:coastal dunes
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49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1883:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:Amphibolurus
1834:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1580:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1554:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1421:
1413:
1380:10141/622643
1360:
1356:
1346:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1285:48, 411–419.
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1187:
1179:
1165:cite journal
1140:10141/622643
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1073:
1060:
1050:23 September
1048:. Retrieved
1038:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1004:23 September
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
993:
987:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:
958:
951:
934:
930:
926:
922:
916:
907:
897:
887:
886:
868:
847:. Retrieved
843:
834:
825:
816:
808:
804:
799:
778:
743:
693:
692:
677:
666:
653:Pogona minor
651:
636:
617:
602:
597:
562:
553:
550:Atadenovirus
541:
532:
523:
520:Hypocalcemia
514:
498:
489:
485:
477:
471:
460:In captivity
434:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:Reproduction
402:
400:
396:
392:
381:
377:
365:
346:
330:
328:
283:
275:
252:
251:
250:
239:
232:
225:
220:Pogona minor
218:
211:
204:
197:
175:
174:
70:P. vitticeps
69:
51:
35:
29:
1988:iNaturalist
1908:Wikispecies
1583:. July 2019
1531:. July 2019
1509:24 November
1337:1885/274579
1098:29 February
908:Lizard Pets
849:19 December
578:. Vitamin D
273:common name
161:Subfamily:
2075:Categories
1718:24 January
792:References
629:Wellington
567:to enable
333:is in the
329:The genus
296:shrublands
141:Suborder:
1769:azeah.com
1484:12 August
1459:13 August
1157:211122728
937:: 11–16.
840:"Housing"
811:, p. 19).
695:Nota bene
659:Sternfeld
569:vitamin D
529:Impaction
505:impaction
368:brumation
349:woodlands
335:subfamily
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
1893:Wikidata
1831:Storr GM
1433:19 March
1389:32061035
1256:84842383
1248:30896231
1149:32061035
970:19 April
773:See also
559:Lighting
374:Behavior
342:Agamidae
262:reptiles
190:Species
155:Agamidae
151:Family:
135:Squamata
125:Reptilia
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
2019:1055443
2006:1294155
1980:2465626
1899:Q743973
1863:at the
1612:14 June
1199:27 June
1092:Animals
706:Gallery
687:, 1926)
661:, 1919)
646:, 1952)
644:Glauert
631:, 1985)
612:, 1829)
594:Species
588:basking
357:deserts
292:deserts
269:species
171:Genus:
145:Iguania
131:Order:
121:Class:
2081:Pogona
2058:339019
1941:Pogona
1928:Pogona
1914:Pogona
1884:Pogona
1860:Pogona
1846:Pogona
1799:21 May
1587:21 May
1561:21 May
1535:21 May
1387:
1254:
1246:
1155:
1147:
988:Pogona
879:
809:Pogona
746:infant
744:Pogona
627:&
610:Cuvier
353:heaths
331:Pogona
294:, and
284:Pogona
280:stress
266:lizard
253:Pogona
184:, 1982
176:Pogona
36:Pogona
2045:58620
2032:52201
2001:IRMNG
1993:31410
1967:41229
1954:63NN8
1774:5 May
1748:5 May
1696:5 May
1670:4 May
1252:S2CID
1153:S2CID
1070:(PDF)
625:Wells
452:eyes.
258:genus
256:is a
182:Storr
2027:NCBI
2014:ITIS
1975:GBIF
1801:2022
1776:2017
1750:2017
1720:2023
1698:2017
1672:2017
1614:2021
1589:2022
1563:2022
1537:2022
1511:2022
1486:2018
1461:2013
1435:2018
1385:PMID
1244:PMID
1201:2020
1171:link
1145:PMID
1117:)".
1100:2024
1052:2015
1006:2015
972:2018
929:)".
877:ISBN
851:2019
698:: A
472:The
359:and
1962:EoL
1949:CoL
1936:AFD
1923:ADW
1837:".
1641:doi
1375:hdl
1365:doi
1361:333
1332:hdl
1322:doi
1236:doi
1232:133
1135:hdl
1127:doi
1123:333
939:doi
935:160
685:Ahl
584:UVA
565:UVB
260:of
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