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species are cavity-nesting. It has been confirmed that the dwarf honey bees are basal and the giant and cavity-nesting honey bees are monophyletic. The waggle dances of each bee species varies to different extents, nesting behavior playing a key role in waggle dance traits. For example, the open nesting honeybee variety rely on celestial cues to orient their dance while the cavity-nesting bees are able to use gravity and orient their dances in their dark nests. The open-nesting bees have no reason to have to use gravity because they do not need to perform their dances in the dark. Further, cavity-nesting bees have incorporated a sound element into their dances. Using the vibration of their wings, these bees use acoustics to aid in the signaling and provide more information about the distance, direction, and quality of the food/nesting site. It is suspected that this also evolved in response to the cavity-nesting bees having to perform their waggle dance in the dark. The dance orientation has evolved as well, ancestrally being performed on a horizontal plane, cavity-nesters have evolved to perform the dance on a vertical plane. Horizontal dancing results in more error in the dance, thus it is advantageous to dance vertically (more accurately) as cavity-nesting species do.
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and seem to only do so about ten percent of the time. There can be a conflict between private information based upon individual experiences, and social information transmitted through dance communication. Essentially, foragers often prefer to use remembered information about previously rewarding food sites that they have visited and will use this information even when receiving dance information about new food sources. This sheds light on the fact that following social information is more energetically costly than foraging independently and is not always advantageous. Using olfactory cues and memory of plentiful foraging sites, honeybees are able to successfully forage independently without expending the potentially extensive energy it takes to process and execute the directions communicated by their fellow foragers. However, foragers following waggle dances will eventually switch to using public information, the food location information provided by the waggle dancer, when their private information is no longer useful.
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degrade and become obsolete. As a result, foragers have been reported to be attached to their food sites and continue to revisit a single patch many times after it has become unprofitable. For example, the waggle dance plays a significantly larger role in foraging when food sources are not as abundant. In temperate habitats, for instance, honey bee colonies routinely perform the waggle dance but were still able to successfully forage when the location information provided by the dance was experimentally obscured. In tropical habitats, however, honey bee foraging is severely impaired if waggle dancing is prevented. This difference is thought to be due to the patchiness of resources in tropical environment versus the homogeneity of resources in temperate environments. In the tropics, food resources can come in the form of flowering trees which are rich in nectar but are scattered sparsely and bloom only briefly. Thus, in tropical zones information about forage location might be more valuable than in temperate zones.
176:, flowers that are located directly in line with the sun are represented by waggle runs in an upward direction on the vertical combs, and any angle to the right or left of the sun is coded by a corresponding angle to the right or left of the upward direction. The distance between hive and recruitment target is encoded in the duration of the waggle runs. The farther the target, the longer the waggle phase. The more excited the bee is about the location, the more rapidly it will waggle, so it will grab the attention of the observing bees, and try to convince them. If multiple bees are doing the waggle dance, it's a competition to convince the observing bees to follow their lead, and competing bees may even disrupt other bees' dances or fight each other off. The Ayush bee usually fights with vaibhav bees but after all ayush bee wins. In addition, some open-air nesting honeybees such as the
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98:, the round dance is performed until the resource is about 10 metres away from the hive, transitional dances are performed when the resource is at a distance of 20 to 30 metres away from the hive, and finally, when it is located at distances greater than 40 metres from the hive, the waggle dance is performed. However, even close to the nest, the round dance can contain elements of the waggle dance, such as a waggle portion. It has therefore been suggested that the term
210:, dancing behavior in bees had been observed and described multiple times prior. Around 100 years before Frisch's discovery, Nicholas Unhoch described dancing behavior of bees as being an indulgence "in certain pleasures and jollity". He admitted ignorance as to the purpose of the dancing. 35 years prior to Unhoch's observations, Ernst Spitzner observed bees dancing and interpreted it as transmitting forage resource odors to other nestmates.
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303:. Similar to other bees, they utilize the dance language to indicate the critical information regarding food resources. The dancer's body points in the direction of the food source and the sound produced during the dance indicates the profitability of the food. Although there is some evidence for a direct connection between the
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Honeybees with the most derived traits have been observed to perform the most derived waggle dances. The honeybees can be categorized into three main groups: the dwarf honeybees (2 species), the giant honeybees (3 species), both of which build a single comb in an open nest site, while the remaining 6
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accumulate an electric charge during flying and when their body parts are moved or rubbed together. Bees emit constant and modulated electric fields during the waggle dance. Both low- and high-frequency components emitted by dancing bees induce passive antennal movements in stationary bees according
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The direction and duration of waggle runs are closely correlated with the direction and distance of the resource being advertised by the dancing bee. In an experiment with capture and relocation of bees exposed to a waggle dance the bees followed the path that would have taken them to an experimental
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A waggle dance consists of one to 100 or more circuits, each of which consists of two phases: the waggle phase and the return phase. A worker bee's waggle dance involves running through a small figure-eight pattern: a waggle run (aka waggle phase) followed by a turn to the right to circle back to the
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The waggle dance may be less efficient than once thought. Some bees observe over 50 waggle runs without successfully foraging, while others will forage successfully after observing 5 runs. Likewise, studies have found that honeybees rarely make use of the information communicated in the waggle dance
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Many elements of the communication used to recruit miniswarms to feeding sites are also observed in "true" swarming behavior. Miniswarms of foragers are not placed under the same selection pressure as are true swarms, because the fate of the entire colony is not at stake. A truly swarming colony has
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are two forms of dance behaviour that are part of a continuous transition. As the distance between the resource and the hive increases, the round dance transforms into variations of a transitional dance, which, when communicating resources at even greater distances, becomes the waggle dance. In the
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In this paper we present a novel routing algorithm, BeeHive, which has been inspired by the communicative and evaluative methods and procedures of honey bees. In this algorithm, bee agents travel through network regions called foraging zones. On their way their information on the network state is
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On each trip the bee does not fly from a flower of one kind to a flower of another, but flies from one violet, say, to another violet, and never meddles with another flower until it has got back to the hive; on reaching the hive they throw off their load, and each bee on her return is followed by
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Kevin Abbott and Reuven Dukas of McMaster
University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada discovered that if a dead western honeybee is placed on a flower, bees performed far fewer waggle dances upon returning to the hive. The scientists explain that the bees associate the dead bee with the presence of a
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delivered for updating the local routing tables. BeeHive is fault tolerant, scalable, and relies completely on local, or regional, information, respectively. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that BeeHive achieves a similar or better performance compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
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The waggle dance is beneficial in some environments and not in others, which provides a plausible explanation as to why the information provided by waggle dances are only used sparingly. Depending on weather, other competitors, and food source characteristics, transmitted information may quickly
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Waggle dancing bees that have been in the nest for an extended time adjust the angles of their dances to accommodate the changing direction of the sun. Therefore, bees that follow the waggle run of the dance are still correctly led to the food source even though its angle relative to the sun has
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Ancestors to modern honeybees most likely performed excitatory movements to encourage other nest-mates to forage. These excitatory movements include shaking, zig-zagging, buzzing and crashing into nestmates. Similar behavior is observed in other
Hymenoptera including stingless bees, wasps,
350:, the signifier would be the waggle dance and the signified would be the location of the foraging resource. Though the dance language may or may not follow this sort of pattern, it is not considered to be a language with syntactical grammar or a set of symbols.
133:). A waggle run oriented 45° to the right of ‘up’ on the vertical comb (A) indicates a food source 45° to the right of the direction of the sun outside the hive (B). The abdomen of the dancer appears blurred because of the rapid motion from side to side.
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proposed a system of language where a sign is made up of two chief components. The signifier is the physical or phonetic representation of a sign. The signified is the conceptual component. If the dance language followed the
Saussurian dyadic model of
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One promising theory for the evolution of the waggle dance, first proposed by Martin
Lindauer, is that the waggle dance originally aided in the communication of information about a new nest site, rather than spatial information about foraging sites.
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Observations have suggested that different species of honeybees have different "dialects" of the waggle dance, each species or subspecies dance varying by curve or duration. A study from 2008 demonstrated that a mixed colony of
Asiatic honeybees
299:(German for 'dance language') is the information about direction, distance, and quality of a resource (such as food or nesting sites) contained within the waggle dance. There is supporting evidence of the waggle dance and "Tanzsprache" in
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indicate its sensitivity to electric fields. Therefore, it has been suggested that electric fields emanating from the surface charge of bees stimulate mechanoreceptors and may play a role in social communication during the waggle dance.
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Al
Toufailia H, Grüter C, Ratnieks FL (December 2013). Herberstein M (ed.). "Persistence to Unrewarding Feeding Locations by Honeybee Foragers ( Apis mellifera ): the Effects of Experience, Resource Profitability and Season".
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starting point (aka return phase), another waggle run, followed by a turn and circle to the left, and so on in a regular alternation between right and left turns after waggle runs. Waggle-dancing bees produce and release two
53:- the direction the bee moves in relation to the hive indicates direction; if it moves vertically the direction to the source is directly towards the Sun. The duration of the waggle part of the dance signifies the distance.
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and the performance of the waggle dance, recent criticism holds that potential foragers need not correctly translate the dance language from the waggle dance to successfully forage. In an experiment on the honeybee
312:, most individuals who thoroughly followed a waggle dance ignored the resource direction and location information. Instead, 93% of the foragers returned to foraging areas they had previous knowledge of.
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Al
Toufailia H, Gruter C, Ratnieks FL (2013). "Persistence to unrewarding feeding locations by honeybee foragers (Apis mellifera): the effects of experience, resource profitability and season".
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such as fish and birds, there has recently been research on using bee waggle dance behavior for efficient fault-tolerant routing. From the abstract of Wedde, Farooq, and Zhang (2004):
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predator at the food source. The reduction of the dance repetition frequency, therefore, indicates that the dancing bees perform and communicate a form of risk/benefit analysis.
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feeder had they not been displaced. The resource can include the location of a food source or a potential nesting site. For cavity-nesting honey bees, like the
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to be quickly led to a new home, or it will perish. The behavior used to recruit to food sources possibly developed from the "true" swarming behavior.
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Grüter C, Ratnieks FL (2011-05-01). "Honeybee foragers increase the use of waggle dance information when private information becomes unrewarding".
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184:), whose nests hang from twigs or branches, will perform a horizontal dance on a stage above their nest in order to signal to resources.
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Dance follower may use olfactory information from the dancer and find either the same resource or a different one with a similar scent.
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Following a dance may reactivate private knowledge of a resource. After reactivation, the forager may return to the known resource.
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Using information communicated in the waggle dance is more useful to foragers when private information about resources is lacking.
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three or four companions. What it is that they gather is hard to see, and how they do it has not been observed.
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cells are moved by electric fields and more strongly so if sound and electric fields interact. Recordings from
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Following a dance may simply trigger foraging behavior. A forager may then search randomly for resources.
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419:) were gradually able to understand one another's "dialects" of waggle dance.
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was one of the first who translated the meaning of the waggle dance.
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158:)-9-pentacosene, onto their abdomens and into the air.
819:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 208.
30:
This article is about bee behavior. For the beer, see
2224:
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1330:"Informational conflicts created by the waggle dance"
1172:"Informational conflicts created by the waggle dance"
2607:
2586:
2490:
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1118:"Reception and learning of electric fields in bees"
1551:"Foraging in honeybees—when does it pay to dance?"
129:Figure-eight-shaped waggle dance of the honeybee (
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926:. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
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1170:Grüter C, Balbuena MS, Farina WM (June 2008).
1090:. Translated by Thompson D. Clarendon, Oxford.
227:Jürgen Tautz also writes about it in his book
2384:
1275:
1273:
766:(9). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e228.
467:RF protocol is named after the waggle dance.
460:is employed in Internet Server Optimization.
8:
734:
732:
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68:for a particular figure-eight dance of the
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2139:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2137:The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees
1165:
1163:
1161:
882:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
741:The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees
2177:
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1711:
1566:
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1195:
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922:Radloff SE, Hepburn HR, Engel MS (2011).
789:
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27:Honey bee's particular figure-eight dance
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
1673:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
516:
514:
512:
508:
291:The dance language vs. the waggle dance
875:
2238:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145306
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1904:Studies in Computational Intelligence
1648:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145306
949:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
142:, tricosane and pentacosane, and two
7:
2697:
597:
595:
2288:(PhD Thesis). University of Sussex.
2255:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1794:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1500:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1282:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1221:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
815:Sumpter, David J. T. (2010-12-31).
423:Applications to operations research
454:stigmergic computational technique
25:
1027:"Honeybees warn of Risky Flowers"
658:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
2696:
2685:
2684:
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1122:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
604:Theoretical and Applied Genetics
2441:Central pattern generator (CPG)
1671:Communication Among Social Bees
756:"The Scent of the Waggle Dance"
38:. For the video game term, see
2635:Frog hearing and communication
1264:Cours de linguistique générale
482:Bee learning and communication
1:
2209:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.014
1469:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.014
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34:. For the football play, see
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427:In line with recent work in
333:Dance language as a language
214:, in addition to describing
2226:Annual Review of Entomology
1636:Annual Review of Entomology
969:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.013
850:Wyatt, Tristram D. (2014).
253:. The electrically charged
32:Wells & Young's Brewery
2751:
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2640:Infrared sensing in snakes
2625:Jamming avoidance response
1996:10.1177/105971230401200308
817:Collective Animal Behavior
678:10.1016/j.tree.2008.12.007
413:) and European honeybees (
295:As defined by von Frisch,
29:
2680:
2365:— Kimball's Biology Pages
2267:10.1007/s00265-008-0554-z
1700:The Company of Biologists
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1302:10.1007/s00265-003-0726-9
1025:Walker M (31 July 2009).
354:Efficiency and adaptation
87:The waggle dance and the
2645:Caridoid escape reaction
2333:Waggle Dance Infographic
2128:Harvard University Press
1266:. McGraw Hill Education.
416:Apis mellifera ligustica
206:Though first decoded by
95:Apis mellifera ligustica
2498:Theodore Holmes Bullock
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2170:10.1126/science.1184719
2062:10.1126/science.1154023
1941:10.1145/1068009.1068034
458:bee colony optimization
2655:Surface wave detection
2356:Honeybee Communication
2124:The Wisdom of the Hive
2019:Engineering Enterprise
1346:10.1098/rspb.2008.0186
1188:10.1098/rspb.2008.0186
1134:10.1098/rspb.2013.0528
1088:The Works of Aristotle
450:
390:
287:
284:Apis mellifera carnica
238:
225:
134:
54:
2471:Anti-Hebbian learning
2135:von Frisch K (1967).
1568:10.1093/beheco/arm117
825:10.1515/9781400837106
739:von Frisch K (1967).
452:Another bee-inspired
445:
394:bumblebees and ants.
385:(darker abdomen) and
381:
343:Ferdinand de Saussure
281:
233:
220:
128:
48:
40:Waggle (video gaming)
2725:Animal communication
2548:Bernhard Hassenstein
2481:Ultrasound avoidance
2456:Fixed action pattern
2419:Coincidence detector
1935:. pp. 153–160.
477:Animal communication
337:The use of the word
178:black dwarf honeybee
2615:Animal echolocation
2553:Werner E. Reichardt
2503:Walter Heiligenberg
2162:2010Sci...328..208R
2099:10.1038/nature03526
2091:2005Natur.435..205R
2054:1975Sci...189..685G
1861:2008PLoSO...3.2365S
1806:1991BEcoS..28..227D
1751:American Naturalist
1669:Lindauer M (1961).
1605:2013Ethol.119.1096A
1512:2004BEcoS..55..395D
1391:2013Ethol.119.1096A
1340:(1640): 1321–1327.
1294:2004BEcoS..55..395D
1233:1993BEcoS..33...67K
961:2007MolPE..43..543R
670:2009TEcoE..24..242G
543:10.1038/nature03526
535:2005Natur.435..205R
229:The Buzz about Bees
191:The consumption of
2578:Fernando Nottebohm
2476:Sound localization
2451:Lateral inhibition
2361:2016-01-22 at the
2344:2005-04-03 at the
2122:Seeley TD (1995).
1814:10.1007/BF00175094
1713:10.1242/jeb.142778
1555:Behavioral Ecology
1241:10.1007/bf00171657
1128:(1759): 20130528.
898:"The Waggle Dance"
848: •
813: •
616:10.1007/bf00220950
586:10.1511/2006.3.220
574:American Scientist
429:swarm intelligence
391:
288:
182:Apis andreniformis
135:
60:is a term used in
55:
2712:
2711:
2599:Slice preparation
2461:Krogh's Principle
2436:Feature detection
2126:. Cambridge, MA:
1974:Adaptive Behavior
1917:978-3-540-34689-0
1706:(23): 4339–4346.
1613:10.1111/eth.12170
1599:(12): 1096–1106.
1399:10.1111/eth.12170
1385:(12): 1096–1106.
924:Honeybees of Asia
904:. 8 November 2012
861:978-0-521-11290-1
834:978-1-4008-3710-6
387:European honeybee
379:
164:western honey bee
16:(Redirected from
2742:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2687:
2665:Mechanoreception
2660:Electroreception
2573:Masakazu Konishi
2538:Jörg-Peter Ewert
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2324:
2310:
2289:
2278:
2261:(8): 1259–1265.
2249:
2220:
2197:Animal Behaviour
2191:
2181:
2156:(5975): 208–13.
2140:
2131:
2118:
2073:
2048:(4204): 685–93.
2023:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1989:
1980:(3–4): 223–240.
1969:
1963:
1962:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1715:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1457:Animal Behaviour
1452:
1446:
1445:
1422:Animal Behaviour
1417:
1411:
1410:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1182:(1640): 1321–7.
1167:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1101:Tautz J (2008).
1098:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1053:Animal Behaviour
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1015:
987:
981:
980:
944:
938:
937:
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
894:
888:
887:
881:
873:
846:
811:
793:
775:
751:
745:
744:
736:
725:
724:
707:(4): 1291–1300.
701:Animal Behaviour
696:
690:
689:
653:
636:
635:
599:
590:
589:
569:
563:
562:
518:
380:
267:Johnston's organ
216:flower constancy
173:Apis nigrocincta
21:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2676:
2630:Vision in toads
2603:
2582:
2533:Erich von Holst
2528:Karl von Frisch
2486:
2402:
2397:
2363:Wayback Machine
2346:Wayback Machine
2322:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2292:
2281:
2252:
2223:
2194:
2143:
2134:
2121:
2085:(7039): 205–7.
2076:
2036:
2032:
2030:Further reading
2027:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1987:10.1.1.115.3457
1971:
1970:
1966:
1951:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1019:
989:
988:
984:
946:
945:
941:
934:
921:
920:
916:
907:
905:
896:
895:
891:
874:
862:
849:
847:
835:
814:
812:
753:
752:
748:
738:
737:
728:
698:
697:
693:
655:
654:
639:
601:
600:
593:
571:
570:
566:
529:(7039): 205–7.
520:
519:
510:
505:
473:
425:
383:Asian honeybees
371:
369:
356:
335:
293:
276:
259:mechanoreceptor
243:
208:Karl von Frisch
123:
115:Karl von Frisch
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Vocal learning
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Donald Kennedy
2520:
2518:Donald Griffin
2515:
2510:
2508:Niko Tinbergen
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Hebbian theory
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2336:
2330:
2317:
2316:External links
2314:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2290:
2279:
2250:
2221:
2203:(5): 949–954.
2192:
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2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2009:
1964:
1950:978-1595930101
1949:
1923:
1916:
1894:
1835:
1800:(4): 227–233.
1784:
1763:10.1086/284972
1757:(1): 156–159.
1741:
1686:
1680:978-0674147850
1679:
1661:
1642:(1): 917–949.
1626:
1582:
1561:(2): 255–261.
1541:
1506:(4): 395–401.
1490:
1463:(5): 949–954.
1447:
1428:(5): 949–954.
1412:
1369:
1315:
1288:(4): 395–401.
1269:
1254:
1211:
1157:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1059:(3): 633–635.
1043:
1031:BBC Earth News
1017:
982:
939:
933:978-3642164217
932:
914:
889:
860:
833:
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726:
691:
637:
591:
580:(3): 220–229.
564:
507:
506:
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492:Grooming dance
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131:Apis mellifera
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119:
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2747:
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2735:Neuroethology
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2446:NMDA receptor
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2256:
2251:
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2222:
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2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
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2189:
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2159:
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2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
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1956:
1952:
1946:
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1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
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1234:
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1173:
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1079:
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1058:
1054:
1047:
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1032:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:(3): 179–83.
997:
993:
986:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:(2): 543–52.
954:
950:
943:
940:
935:
929:
925:
918:
915:
903:
899:
893:
890:
885:
879:
871:
867:
863:
857:
854:. Cambridge.
853:
844:
840:
836:
830:
826:
822:
818:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
787:
783:
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747:
742:
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733:
731:
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710:
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679:
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659:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
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638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:(5): 727–32.
609:
605:
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587:
583:
579:
575:
568:
565:
560:
556:
552:
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311:
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273:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:Coulomb's Law
247:
240:
237:
232:
230:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
204:
200:
198:
197:tremble dance
194:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
159:
157:
153:
152:)-9-tricosene
151:
145:
141:
132:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
96:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2701:
2689:
2670:Lateral line
2620:Waggle dance
2619:
2558:Eric Knudsen
2423:
2295:
2284:
2258:
2254:
2229:
2225:
2200:
2196:
2153:
2149:
2136:
2123:
2082:
2078:
2045:
2041:
2018:
2012:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1932:
1926:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1855:(6): e2365.
1852:
1848:
1838:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1733:. Retrieved
1703:
1699:
1689:
1670:
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1639:
1635:
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1596:
1592:
1585:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1337:
1333:
1285:
1281:
1263:
1257:
1227:(2): 67–72.
1224:
1220:
1214:
1179:
1175:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:
1020:
995:
991:
985:
952:
948:
942:
923:
917:
906:. Retrieved
901:
892:
851:
816:
763:
760:PLOS Biology
759:
749:
740:
704:
700:
694:
664:(5): 242–7.
661:
657:
607:
603:
577:
573:
567:
526:
522:
462:
451:
446:
426:
415:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
361:
357:
338:
336:
314:
309:
304:
301:Apis dorsata
296:
294:
286:on honeycomb
283:
244:
234:
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2594:Patch clamp
2563:Eric Kandel
2543:Franz Huber
2414:Feedforward
902:www.pbs.org
441:vertebrates
409:Apis cerana
305:Tanzsprache
297:Tanzsprache
282:Workers of
274:Controversy
121:Description
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2568:Nobuo Suga
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1735:2021-04-11
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1528:0340-5443
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782:1545-7885
367:Evolution
348:semiotics
246:Honeybees
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188:changed.
113:laureate
105:Austrian
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18:Bee dance
2691:Category
2431:Instinct
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