769:
41:
3498:
3207:
3510:
2199:, the seat of the government of Youzhou remained in place but took on slightly different names. In 616, the government was called Youzhou Zongguanfu (幽州总管府); in 622, Youzhou Dazongguanfu (幽州大总管府); in 624, Youzhou Dadudufu (幽州大都督府) and in 626, Youzhou Dudufu (幽州都督府). From 710, the head of the government in Youzhou became a
2082:
reorganized and decentralized the governance of commanderies under
Youzhou. Guangyang Commandery became the State of Yan (燕国), which had four counties: Ji County, Changping, Jundu and Guangyang County, and was governed from the City of Ji. Fanyang Commandery was governed from Zhuo County. Yuyang
2235:
After 1151, the capital of the Jin dynasty from
Shangjing to Yanjing, which was renamed Zhongdu. Zhongdu refers to the Zhongdulu (中都路), an administrative unit which governed about 12 surrounding prefectures and 39 counties. The governing seat of Zhongdulu was Daxingfu
74:, the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade.
1663:. The occupying Japanese in 1938 imposed the name Peking (Beijing), then with their surrender in 1945, the Nationalist Government restored "Beiping" by 1 September 1945. In 1949, the official name again reverted to "Peking" (the Postal Romanization) when the
1679:
romanization, "Beijing", was adopted for use within the country in 1958, and for international use in 1979. The United States government continued to follow the
Nationalist government in using "Beiping" until the late 1960s.
959:
around the 7th century BC but was employed as its conqueror's new capital. Although the official name remained as Ji, the city also became known as Yan and
Yanjing ("Capital of Yan"). The name was employed in the titles of
2077:
moved
Youzhou's prefectural seat from Ji County (in modern-day Tianjin) to the City of Ji (in modern-day Beijing). In 96 AD, the City of Ji served as the seat of both the Guangyang Commandery and Youzhou. The
2255:
709:
3426:
3191:
2803:
2966:
1403:, the city itself was initially known as Beiping. The name reads literally as "Northern Peace", although its usage and connotations are closer to the idea of "Northern Plains".
2739:
2394:
2284:
3248:
1533:
moved the majority of his court north. The name
Jingshi ceased to be used for Yingtian and was now employed for Shuntian. The area around Yingtian became known as
2001:, "Central Capital") of the Liao dynasty and, finally, another Zhongdu ("Central Capital") was planned but never completed. It was the proposed capital of the
3291:
3467:
3186:
3181:
2779:
3472:
3236:
777:
2833:
3477:
3459:
776:
The city has had many other names. The chronological list below sets out both the names of the city itself, and, in earlier times, the names of the
2826:
2217:
and made
Fanyang, Yanjing or "the Yan Capital." After the rebellion was suppressed, the seat of government became Youzhou Lulong Dudufu (幽州卢龙都督府).
3365:
2641:
1748:
1744:
2365:
3369:
3253:
1725:
2258:, a puppet regime backed by the Japanese occupation. The city's name reverted to Beiping after the Japanese surrender by 1 September 1945.
1958:,) which had been the Northern Song's "Dongjing". The Jurchen Jin also had a Dongjing ("Eastern Capital"), which was, however, located at
2963:
768:
3344:
2946:
2919:
2888:
2857:
2733:
1656:
1338:
originally restored the name
Yanjing before constructing a new capital adjacent to the former settlement. This settlement was called
3541:
3483:
3226:
3004:
2789:
3395:
2420:
3399:
2444:
2073:, Youzhou, as one of 12 prefectures, contained a dozen subordinate commanderies, including the Guangyang Commandery. In 24 AD,
980:
fully restored the name
Yanjing, and it remains a name for Beijing in literary usage today, as reflected in the locally brewed
3536:
2305:
1683:
1558:
1478:
1453:
established his base of
Beiping as a secondary capital in 1403, he renamed the town Shuntian and the province surrounding it
1406:
1255:
1207:
1087:
908:
818:
2685:
793:
state between the 11th and 7th centuries BC. The settlement was also known as Jicheng. It was located in the current city's
2281:
3387:
3383:
3263:
1672:
1548:
1468:
1194:
1071:
898:
808:
743:
726:
678:
120:
2613:
2593:
2573:
2553:
2504:
2484:
2464:
3391:
3375:
2040:
798:
790:
760:
472:
450:
1872:
has also been full of secondary capitals with directional names. Under the Tang, these were Beidu ("north capital", at
1292:
577:
540:
3546:
3449:
3439:
3258:
1648:
1252:
restored the name Yanjing. They also knew the city as Nanjing as it was the southernmost of their secondary capitals.
462:
2442:"Ji, a Northern City of Military Importance in the Qin Dynasty" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
171:
In English, both "Pekin" and "Peking" remained common until the 1890s, when the Imperial Post Office adopted Peking.
2226:
The seat of government in Nanjing was known as Youdufu (幽都府) until 1012, when the name was changed to Xijinfu (析津府).
3316:
496:
299:
3444:
3434:
3421:
3413:
3301:
2712:
2680:
3354:
3268:
3231:
1150:
34:
2318:
Tractado em que se cotam muito por esteso as cousas da China, co suas particularidades, assi do reyno dormuz
3379:
2524:
1967:
1932:
1664:
131:
Portugal was the first European country to contact China in modern times. In Portuguese, the city is called
3403:
3339:
3241:
2830:
2205:, a military regional commander. In 742, Youzhou was renamed Fanyang Commandery (范阳郡). In 759, during the
1881:
1244:
3334:
2997:
1980:
1920:
255:
49:
40:
3326:
3283:
3089:
3034:
1065:
3513:
3306:
3029:
2070:
1824:
1737:
1660:
1537:
while Beijing was used to describe the area directly administered by the capital (generally modern
985:
97:("capital") together mean the "Northern Capital". The name was first used during the reign of the
3296:
3218:
3114:
3094:
3064:
3024:
2362:
2170:
2088:
1638:
1154:
371:
180:
83:
3311:
3155:
3104:
3099:
3074:
2795:
2785:
2767:
2637:
2009:
in the 14th century, to be located on the site of his destroyed childhood village of Zhongli (
1668:
989:
944:
785:
281:
244:
205:
3501:
3165:
3139:
3124:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3056:
2990:
2206:
2084:
1893:
1711:
1602:
1363:
1332:
1298:
1160:
1034:
999:
853:
116:
45:
3273:
3160:
3129:
3119:
3109:
2970:
2950:
2943:
2923:
2916:
2892:
2885:
2861:
2854:
2837:
2716:
2617:
2597:
2577:
2557:
2528:
2508:
2488:
2468:
2448:
2369:
2309:
2288:
2016:
1772:
383:
184:
adopted "Beijing" in 1986, with all major American media soon following. Elsewhere in the
147:
1811:
1622:
1578:
1498:
1426:
1275:
1230:
1183:
1113:
1019:
928:
876:
838:
2502:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
2117:
In 350, Murong Jun captured Youzhou in the name of restoring northern China to Jin rule.
1771:
cities have similar names in Chinese characters despite appearing dissimilar in English
3349:
3134:
2092:
2006:
1940:
1768:
1732:
1530:
1526:
1450:
1138:
794:
136:
115:, the "Southern Capital"), in 1403 after successfully dethroning his nephew during the
102:
2416:
3530:
2631:
1924:
973:
969:
526:
33:
that is currently the capital of the People's Republic of China. For other uses, see
2441:
2363:
A 'Lasting Boon to All': A Note on the Postal Romanization of Place Names, 1896–1949
3206:
2831:
GB/T-2260: Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
2462:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-秦王朝北方的燕蓟重镇" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
2214:
2196:
2162:
2002:
1988:
1869:
1400:
1335:
1249:
1134:
981:
977:
956:
666:
638:
607:
560:
514:
508:
406:
250:
98:
2482:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-东汉时期的幽州蓟城" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
2302:
2060:, the City of Ji served as the regional capital of the Guangyang Commandery (广阳郡).
2675:
2571:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-隋朝统治下的北京" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
3359:
2723:, Vol. 21 (December 1958). Harvard-Yenching Institute. Accessed 20 October 2012.
2183:
2057:
2044:
1836:
1832:
1724:("Capital"). This is employed, for example, as the prefix on all Beijing-issued
1607:
1563:
1553:
1483:
1473:
1411:
1303:
1260:
1146:
1061:
1039:
965:
913:
903:
389:
323:
291:
267:
197:
185:
160:
2610:
2590:
2570:
2550:
2501:
2481:
2461:
2245:
The seat of government in Beiping, later Beijing, was called Shuntianfu (顺天府).
2210:
2127:
1357:
484:
347:
335:
311:
201:
165:
2771:
2152:
In the second lunar month of 385, Murong Chui seized Youzhou from Former Qin.
1735:, the official abbreviation are the two initials of the region's characters:
158:(New Atlas of China) (1655). In 1665, Martini's work was reissued as part of
2799:
2166:
1936:
1909:
1764:
1349:
1340:
961:
789:: The first major known settlement was the eponymous capital of the ancient
619:
359:
193:
2658:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States
2611:"北半部中国的政治中心-金中都的建立" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
2201:
1963:
1959:
1947:
1637:'Capital City') was declared the official name of Beijing by the
2815:它说: "民国三年六月，设督办京都市政公所"，"民国七年一月（1918年1月），正式定名「京都市」"，"民国十七年六月月，北平特别市政府成立"。
1360:.) This city gradually absorbed the former settlements around the area.
3013:
2709:
2079:
2074:
1984:
1955:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1885:
1873:
1820:
1760:
1534:
1458:
738:
721:
703:
690:
650:
632:
602:
589:
572:
535:
440:
429:
418:
401:
295:
285:
106:
30:
17:
1973:
1718:
1371:
1368:
1215:
1212:
1202:
1199:
1168:
1165:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1004:
861:
858:
823:
813:
2140:
2105:
1992:
1877:
1816:
1691:
1655:), in both its connotations, was restored as the name in 1928 by the
1612:
1568:
1488:
1416:
1376:
1308:
1265:
1220:
1173:
1103:
1044:
1009:
918:
866:
828:
175:
2591:试论北京唐代墓志的地方特色" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
1919:
There were two previous Beijings: one, the northern capital of the
2020:
1951:
1928:
1905:
1897:
1852:
1841:
1828:
1806:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1538:
1454:
767:
39:
2521:
2331:
The Discoverie of the Large, Rich, and Bewtiful Empyre of Guiana,
1659:
following its reconquest of Beijing from the warlords during the
1157:, and the name Fanyang became associated with the city as well.
2986:
204:" and various others, as well as being retained in the name of
192:
switched in 1990. "Peking" is still employed in terms such as "
139:
in 1552. It transferred to English as "Pekin" and to French as
2944:
Chinese History - Liao Dynasty 遼 (907-1125): Map and Geography
2917:
Chinese History - Jin dynasty 金 (1115–1234): Map and Geography
2886:
Chinese History - Song Dynasty 宋 (960-1279): Map and Geography
189:
2855:
Chinese History - Tang Dynasty 唐 (618-907): Map and Geography
3205:
174:
Beginning in 1979, the Chinese government encouraged use of
1979:, "Western Capital"): one was the "Western Capital" of the
2982:
2636:. New York, United States: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 7.
2386:
105:, who made his northern fief a second capital, along with
2300:
Xavier, Francis, Letter to Didaco Perriera, 12 Nov 1552.
772:
Entrance to the Beiping Municipal Government office, 1935
2670:
2668:
2666:
164:(great atlas), a much-praised atlas by Dutch publisher
119:. The name was restored in 1949 at the founding of the
2656:
Denis Twitchett, Herbert Franke, John K. Fairbank, in
2254:
From 1938 to 1945 the city was renamed Beijing by the
1714:, the abbreviation of Beijing is its second character
2660:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p 454.
2630:
Li, Lillian; Dray-Novey, Alison; Kong, Haili (2007).
2083:
Commandery was governed from Yuyuang (in modern-day
1855:
in Japan still bears the similar-meaning characters
3458:
3412:
3325:
3282:
3217:
3174:
3148:
3055:
3048:
2303:
Epistolae S. Francisci Xaverii aliaque eius scripta
2329:Raleigh, Sir Walter, and Robert O. Dougan, (1596)
1946:The Nanjing of the Northern Song was located at
1248:: In the 10th and 12th centuries, the northerly
3249:Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area
2352:, "Prima Provencia Peking Sive Pecheli," p. 17.
2256:Provisional Government of the Republic of China
1461:) and the province of Zhili that surrounds it.
710:Provisional Government of the Republic of China
2633:Beijing: From Imperial Capital to Olympic City
1856:
1790:
1751:, based on the previous romanization, Peking.
2998:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2710:Governmental Organization of The Ming Dynasty
2316:For another early usage, see Gaspar da Cruz,
2282:From Peking to Beijing: A Long and Bumpy Trip
2010:
1996:
1971:
1846:
1800:
1716:
110:
92:
86:
69:
52:(Ludovicus Georgius), with Beijing marked as
8:
3427:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites
3192:Economic and technological development zones
2934:
2932:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2186:, Youzhou became Zhuojun or Zhuo Commandery.
1641:in January 1918, and remained so until 1928.
1671:and made it capital of their newly founded
1632:
1588:
1508:
1436:
1386:
1318:
938:
886:
29:This article is about the name of the city
3052:
3005:
2991:
2983:
2704:
2702:
2314:vol. 2. Xavier gives the name as "Paquim."
2169:and went on to establish the first of the
3237:National Equities Exchange and Quotations
1931:; the other, the northern capital of the
1064:conquest, Ji was made the capital of the
2091:was governed from Juyong (in modern-day
215:
56:(to the right which is north on the map)
2827:Standardization Administration of China
2270:
2032:
1627:
1583:
1503:
1457:to mimic the names of Yingtian (modern
1431:
1280:
1235:
1188:
1118:
1024:
933:
881:
843:
2039:The City of Ji was the capital of the
1153:, however, You Prefecture was renamed
755:Capital of regional dynasty or kingdom
2423:from the original on 13 December 2021
1865:in Chinese, can also mean "capital".
1745:Beijing Capital International Airport
135:This name appeared in the letters of
7:
3509:
3254:Wangjing Science and Technology Park
1954:. The Jurchen Jin located theirs at
1966:. Apart from these, there were two
1529:was finally completed in 1420, the
2721:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
25:
3227:Beijing central business district
2397:from the original on 8 April 2023
3508:
3497:
3496:
2393:. 26 November 1986. p. A3.
2213:declared himself emperor of the
2130:made the city of Ji its capital.
2806:from the original on 2023-04-08
2742:from the original on 2023-04-08
2688:from the original on 2010-02-12
2143:captured Youzhou from Duan Pidi
2108:captured Youzhou from Duan Pidi
1868:The history of China since the
2011:
1995:. Liaoyang was the Zhongjing (
1696:
1687:
1617:
1573:
1562:
1552:
1493:
1482:
1472:
1421:
1410:
1381:
1313:
1270:
1259:
1225:
1211:
1198:
1178:
1141:, the city generally employed
1108:
1091:
1075:
1049:
1014:
923:
912:
902:
871:
833:
822:
812:
154:(The Tartary War) (1654) and
93:
87:
70:
48:(based on a manuscript map by
1:
3264:China Beijing Equity Exchange
1908:); and Xidu ("west capital",
976:of the 10th- to 12th-century
236:
2953:". Accessed 19 October 2012.
2926:". Accessed 19 October 2012.
2895:". Accessed 19 October 2012.
2864:". Accessed 19 October 2012.
2344:De bello Tartarico historia,
2291:". Accessed 21 October 2012.
1987:; the other was held by the
1513:'Obedient to Heaven'
799:Beijing West railway station
217:Historical Names of Beijing
3259:China Milan Equity Exchange
1900:); Dongdu ("east capital",
1295:, it was known as Zhongdu.
212:Historical names of Beijing
152:De bello Tartarico historia
3563:
1805:was also a former name of
1673:People's Republic of China
1291:: During the 12th-century
968:(as King of Yan), and the
797:neighborhood south of the
744:People's Republic of China
539:
522:
121:People's Republic of China
28:
3492:
3468:Administration of Prisons
3202:
3020:
2681:The Columbia Encyclopedia
2348:Martini, Martino (1655),
1997:
1972:
1884:("south capital", first,
1857:
1847:
1801:
1799:, or "Eastern Capital").
1791:
1717:
1606:
1367:
1323:'Central Capital'
1302:
1164:
1038:
1003:
857:
780:covering the city today.
751:
713:
677:
649:
642:
637:
606:
576:
544:
534:
507:
454:
439:
410:
405:
280:
243:
111:
3542:Names of places in China
3374:Major railway stations:
3269:China World Trade Center
3232:Beijing Financial Street
3187:Township-level divisions
3182:Administrative divisions
2977:, No. 16, December 2008.
2975:China Heritage Quarterly
2780:
2763:
2734:
1775:. The most prominent is
1667:conquered it during the
1441:'Northern Peace'
1145:as its name. During the
1137:, being the seat of the
891:'Ji Walled City'
68:which is romanized from
35:Beijing (disambiguation)
3473:Commission of Education
2751:1918年1月，北洋政府正式定名北京为京都市。
2374:Twentieth Century China
1665:Chinese Communist Party
1391:'Great Capital'
778:administrative entities
44:A 1584 map of China by
3478:Public Security Bureau
3242:Beijing Stock Exchange
3210:
2964:The Ming Ancestor Tomb
2684:(6th ed.). 2008.
1755:Similarly named cities
1675:. As noted above, the
955:: Ji was conquered by
773:
57:
3537:City name etymologies
3366:Capital International
3209:
2738:. 2001. p. 304.
2419:. 26 September 2020.
2165:captured Ji from the
2126:From 352 to 357, the
1981:Northern Song dynasty
1861:: the character "都",
964:(as Emperor of Yan),
771:
50:Luiz Jorge de Barbuda
43:
3460:Municipal Government
3370:Daxing International
3292:List of universities
2962:Eric N. Danielson, "
2708:Hucker, Charles O. "
2522:"北京城市行政区划述略" 《北京地方志》
2350:Novus Atlas Sinensis
1449:: When the usurping
1066:Guangyang Commandery
463:Yan (Five Dynasties)
156:Novus Atlas Sinensis
3480:(Police Department)
3414:Visitor attractions
2531:Accessed 2012-12-19
2471:Accessed 2012-12-17
2333:Volumes 1-3, p. 50.
2071:Eastern Han dynasty
1991:and Jurchen Jin at
1851:or "Capital City".
1827:. A former name of
1661:Northern Expedition
1559:traditional Chinese
1479:traditional Chinese
1208:traditional Chinese
1088:traditional Chinese
988:(since merged into
986:Yenching University
909:traditional Chinese
819:traditional Chinese
218:
3547:History of Beijing
3450:Gardens in Beijing
3211:
2969:2013-09-27 at the
2949:2012-12-18 at the
2938:Theobald, Ulrich.
2922:2012-05-25 at the
2911:Theobald, Ulrich.
2891:2012-04-26 at the
2880:Theobald, Ulrich.
2860:2012-08-13 at the
2849:Theobald, Ulrich.
2836:2017-02-22 at the
2715:2017-01-29 at the
2616:2013-12-30 at the
2596:2013-12-30 at the
2576:2013-12-31 at the
2556:2022-02-18 at the
2527:2022-02-18 at the
2507:2013-12-30 at the
2487:2013-12-30 at the
2467:2011-09-03 at the
2447:2012-08-25 at the
2391:The New York Times
2368:2015-10-05 at the
2342:Martini, Martino,
2308:2022-04-09 at the
2287:2022-02-18 at the
2171:Northern Dynasties
2089:Shanggu Commandery
1639:Beiyang government
1549:simplified Chinese
1469:simplified Chinese
1352:, it was noted as
1348:in Mongolian. (As
1195:simplified Chinese
1155:Fanyang Commandery
1072:simplified Chinese
899:simplified Chinese
809:simplified Chinese
774:
372:Northern Dynasties
216:
181:The New York Times
146:Jesuit missionary
84:Chinese characters
58:
3524:
3523:
3200:
3199:
2766:. 北平市工務局 . 1947.
2643:978-1-4039-6473-1
2215:Great Yan dynasty
1669:Chinese Civil War
1657:Republic of China
1635:
1593:'Capital'
1591:
1511:
1439:
1389:
1321:
1293:Later Jin dynasty
990:Peking University
941:
889:
766:
765:
727:Republic of China
679:Republic of China
206:Peking University
150:used "Peking" in
64:" is from pinyin
16:(Redirected from
3554:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3499:
3445:Parks in Beijing
3396:Beijing Chaoyang
3355:Suburban Railway
3053:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2960:
2954:
2936:
2927:
2909:
2896:
2878:
2865:
2847:
2841:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2730:
2724:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2672:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2627:
2621:
2607:
2601:
2587:
2581:
2567:
2561:
2547:
2541:
2540:(Chinese) p. 36
2538:
2532:
2518:
2512:
2498:
2492:
2478:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2376:34.1 (2008): 99.
2359:
2353:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2298:
2292:
2275:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2207:An-Shi Rebellion
2193:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2085:Huairou District
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2037:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1978:
1977:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1825:Later Lê dynasty
1804:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:name is written
1763:, several other
1747:'s IATA code is
1722:
1721:
1698:
1689:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1610:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1566:
1556:
1512:
1509:
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1495:
1486:
1476:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1414:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1282:
1272:
1263:
1237:
1227:
1218:
1205:
1190:
1180:
1171:
1120:
1110:
1101:
1085:
1051:
1042:
1026:
1016:
1007:
942:
939:
935:
925:
916:
906:
890:
887:
883:
873:
864:
845:
835:
826:
816:
761:Capital of China
759:
754:
238:
219:
117:Jingnan Campaign
114:
113:
96:
95:
90:
89:
73:
72:
46:Abraham Ortelius
21:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3488:
3484:Archives Bureau
3454:
3408:
3400:Beijing Fengtai
3321:
3278:
3213:
3212:
3196:
3170:
3144:
3044:
3016:
3011:
2981:
2971:Wayback Machine
2961:
2957:
2951:Wayback Machine
2940:China Knowledge
2937:
2930:
2924:Wayback Machine
2913:China Knowledge
2910:
2899:
2893:Wayback Machine
2882:China Knowledge
2879:
2868:
2862:Wayback Machine
2851:China Knowledge
2848:
2844:
2838:Wayback Machine
2825:
2821:
2809:
2807:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2745:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:Wayback Machine
2707:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2618:Wayback Machine
2608:
2604:
2598:Wayback Machine
2588:
2584:
2578:Wayback Machine
2568:
2564:
2558:Wayback Machine
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2529:Wayback Machine
2519:
2515:
2509:Wayback Machine
2499:
2495:
2489:Wayback Machine
2479:
2475:
2469:Wayback Machine
2459:
2455:
2449:Wayback Machine
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2387:"Editors' Note"
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:Wayback Machine
2360:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2310:Wayback Machine
2299:
2295:
2289:Wayback Machine
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2161:In 397 AD, the
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2029:
1773:transliteration
1769:Southeast Asian
1759:In addition to
1757:
1708:
1344:in Chinese and
1119:Kuang-yang Chün
984:and the former
757:
756:
752:
734:
324:Eastern Jin (晉)
300:Western Jin (晉)
284:
277:
254:
240:
214:
148:Martino Martini
129:
80:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3558:
3550:
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3506:
3493:
3490:
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3481:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3435:List of hotels
3432:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
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3329:
3327:Transportation
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3320:
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3314:
3309:
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3137:
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3107:
3102:
3097:
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3082:
3077:
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3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:Administration
3046:
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2987:
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2955:
2928:
2897:
2866:
2842:
2819:
2790:
2764:「近代城市史研究資料彙編 」
2755:
2725:
2698:
2662:
2649:
2642:
2622:
2602:
2582:
2562:
2542:
2533:
2513:
2493:
2473:
2453:
2434:
2408:
2378:
2361:Lane Harris, "
2354:
2335:
2322:
2293:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2247:
2238:
2228:
2219:
2188:
2175:
2154:
2145:
2132:
2119:
2110:
2097:
2093:Yanqing County
2062:
2049:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2007:Hongwu Emperor
2005:mooted by the
1941:Inner Mongolia
1756:
1753:
1733:Latin alphabet
1726:license plates
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1642:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1531:Yongle Emperor
1516:
1515:
1514:
1451:Yongle Emperor
1444:
1443:
1442:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1192:
1139:You Prefecture
1124:
1123:
1122:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1028:
970:Princes of Yan
950:
949:
948:
892:
847:
764:
763:
749:
748:
746:
741:
736:
730:
729:
724:
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329:
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314:
309:
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302:
289:
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273:
272:
270:
265:
261:
260:
258:
256:Warring States
248:
242:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
213:
210:
137:Francis Xavier
128:
125:
103:Yongle Emperor
91:("north") and
79:
76:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3517:
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3507:
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3495:
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3485:
3482:
3479:
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3457:
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3441:
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3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:Beijing North
3385:
3384:Beijing South
3381:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
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3333:
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3310:
3308:
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3300:
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3257:
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3250:
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3230:
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3222:
3220:
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3193:
3190:
3188:
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3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
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3128:
3126:
3123:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3041:
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3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
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2985:
2976:
2972:
2968:
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2921:
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2908:
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2859:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2791:9787116003682
2787:
2783:
2778:王伟杰 (1989).
2773:
2769:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
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2470:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
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2446:
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2422:
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2417:"China notes"
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2123:
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2107:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:of Beijing),
2086:
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2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:, located at
1982:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Northern Song
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1839:, written in
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527:Northern Liao
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
510:
504:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
491:
488:
486:
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
471:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
452:
449:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
431:
428:
425:
424:
420:
417:
414:
413:
408:
403:
400:
397:
396:
393:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
378:
375:
373:
370:
367:
366:
363:
361:
358:
355:
354:
351:
349:
346:
343:
342:
339:
337:
334:
331:
330:
327:
325:
322:
319:
318:
315:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
275:
274:
271:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
257:
252:
249:
246:
235:
234:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:
177:
172:
169:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
108:
104:
100:
85:
77:
75:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
42:
36:
32:
27:
19:
3514:
3502:
3392:Beijing East
3376:Beijing West
3039:
2974:
2958:
2939:
2912:
2881:
2850:
2845:
2822:
2814:
2808:. Retrieved
2758:
2750:
2744:. Retrieved
2728:
2720:
2690:. Retrieved
2679:
2657:
2652:
2632:
2625:
2605:
2585:
2565:
2545:
2536:
2516:
2496:
2476:
2456:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2390:
2381:
2373:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2301:
2296:
2277:
2273:
2250:
2241:
2231:
2222:
2200:
2197:Tang dynasty
2191:
2178:
2163:Northern Wei
2157:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2113:
2100:
2095:of Beijing).
2065:
2052:
2041:States of Ji
2035:
2003:Ming dynasty
1945:
1918:
1892:and, later,
1870:Tang dynasty
1867:
1862:
1840:
1810:
1796:
1784:
1758:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1706:Abbreviation
1695:
1676:
1652:
1644:
1626:
1616:
1598:
1582:
1572:
1544:
1522:
1518:
1502:
1492:
1464:
1446:
1430:
1420:
1401:Ming dynasty
1399:: Under the
1396:
1380:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1336:Yuan dynasty
1328:
1312:
1288:
1279:
1269:
1250:Liao dynasty
1243:
1234:
1224:
1187:
1177:
1142:
1135:Tang dynasty
1133:: Under the
1130:
1126:
1117:
1109:Guǎngyángjùn
1107:
1060:: After the
1057:
1048:
1030:
1023:
1013:
995:
982:Yanjing Beer
978:Liao dynasty
952:
932:
922:
894:
880:
870:
849:
842:
832:
804:
784:
775:
702:
179:
173:
170:
159:
155:
151:
145:
140:
132:
130:
99:Ming dynasty
81:
65:
61:
59:
53:
26:
3340:Expressways
3090:Shijingshan
2719:", p. 5–6.
2427:13 December
2278:Lost Laowai
2195:During the
2184:Sui dynasty
2182:During the
2080:Wei Kingdom
2069:During the
2058:Qin dynasty
2056:During the
1935:located at
1933:Jurchen Jin
1837:Gyeongseong
1833:South Korea
1823:during the
1525:: When the
1149:of Emperor
1147:Tianbao Era
966:Liu Rengong
795:Guang'anmen
557:Yanshan 燕山
473:Later Liang
451:Later Liang
198:Peking duck
186:Anglosphere
161:Atlas Maior
3531:Categories
3364:Airports:
3335:Ring roads
2810:2020-08-17
2784:. 地質出版社 .
2776:Quoted in
2746:2020-10-03
2692:2012-01-19
2620:2005-09-01
2609:(Chinese)
2600:2005-09-01
2589:(Chinese)
2580:2005-09-01
2560:2009-01-11
2549:(Chinese)
2520:(Chinese)
2511:2005-09-01
2491:2005-09-01
2451:2006-07-19
2266:References
2211:Shi Siming
2128:Former Yan
1923:at modern
1842:Han script
1786:Han script
1765:East Asian
1623:Wade–Giles
1584:Ching-shih
1579:Wade–Giles
1504:Shün-t'ien
1499:Wade–Giles
1427:Wade–Giles
1358:Marco Polo
1276:Wade–Giles
1231:Wade–Giles
1184:Wade–Giles
1114:Wade–Giles
1020:Wade–Giles
929:Wade–Giles
877:Wade–Giles
839:Wade–Giles
485:Later Tang
348:Former Qin
336:Former Yan
312:Later Zhao
282:City of Ji
245:City of Ji
225:City Name
202:Peking Man
166:Joan Blaeu
3422:Landmarks
3284:Education
3115:Changping
3095:Mentougou
3065:Dongcheng
3057:Districts
3035:Geography
2772:320850375
2676:"Beijing"
2569:(Chinese)
2500:(Chinese)
2480:(Chinese)
2460:(Chinese)
2167:Later Yan
1937:Ningcheng
1910:Fengxiang
1894:Jiangling
1812:Đông Kinh
1649:romanized
1432:Pei-p'ing
1350:Khanbaliq
1333:Mongolian
1329:Khanbaliq
1281:Nan-ching
1058:Guangyang
962:An Lushan
934:Chi-hsien
882:Chi-cheng
497:Later Jin
360:Later Yan
276:106 BC -
194:Pekingese
78:Etymology
3503:Category
3345:Highways
3307:Tsinghua
3156:Chongwen
3105:Tongzhou
3100:Fangshan
3075:Chaoyang
3030:Politics
2967:Archived
2947:Archived
2920:Archived
2889:Archived
2858:Archived
2834:Archived
2829:(SAC). "
2804:Archived
2800:24027432
2781:「北京环境史话」
2740:Archived
2735:『北京档案史料』
2713:Archived
2686:Archived
2614:Archived
2594:Archived
2574:Archived
2554:Archived
2525:Archived
2505:Archived
2485:Archived
2465:Archived
2445:Archived
2421:Archived
2395:Archived
2366:Archived
2306:Archived
2285:Archived
2202:jiedushi
2139:In 319,
2104:In 319,
2017:Fengyang
1964:Liaoning
1960:Liaoyang
1948:Shangqiu
1797:Dongjing
1783:, whose
1628:Ching-tu
1494:Shùntiān
1465:Shuntian
1455:Beizhili
1447:Shuntian
1354:Cambuluc
1236:Fan-yang
1151:Xuanzong
943:'Ji
735:present
228:Dynasty
66:Běijīng,
54:C Paquin
3515:Commons
3440:Museums
3380:Beijing
3297:Beihang
3219:Economy
3166:Yanshan
3149:Defunct
3140:Yanqing
3125:Huairou
3085:Fengtai
3080:Haidian
3070:Xicheng
3040:Toponym
3025:History
3014:Beijing
2401:14 July
2320:, 1569.
2075:Liu Xiu
2015:), now
1985:Luoyang
1968:Xijings
1956:Kaifeng
1914:Shaanxi
1902:Luoyang
1890:Sichuan
1886:Chengdu
1874:Taiyuan
1821:Vietnam
1761:Nanjing
1731:In the
1712:Chinese
1697:Běipíng
1684:Chinese
1653:Peiping
1645:Beiping
1603:Chinese
1574:Jīngshī
1545:Jingshi
1535:Nanjing
1523:Beijing
1519:Jingshi
1459:Nanjing
1422:Běipíng
1407:Chinese
1397:Beiping
1364:Chinese
1314:Zhōngdū
1299:Chinese
1289:Zhongdu
1271:Nánjīng
1256:Chinese
1245:Nanjing
1226:Fànyáng
1189:Yu-chou
1179:Yōuzhōu
1161:Chinese
1143:Youzhou
1131:Fanyang
1127:Youzhou
1050:Yānjīng
1035:Chinese
1031:Yanjing
1000:Chinese
974:Khitans
872:Jìchéng
854:Chinese
850:Jicheng
739:Beijing
722:Beiping
704:Beijing
691:Beiping
651:Beijing
633:Beiping
603:Yanjing
590:Zhongdu
578:Jin (金)
573:Yanjing
541:Jin (金)
536:Yanjing
509:Nanjing
441:Youzhou
430:Yanjing
419:Fanyang
402:Youzhou
384:Zhuojun
332:352–57
286:Youzhou
278:318 AD
264:221 BC
133:Pequim.
107:Nanjing
62:Beijing
31:Beijing
18:Beiping
3404:Qinghe
3350:Subway
3317:Renmin
3312:Peking
3302:Normal
3274:Guomao
3161:Xuanwu
3130:Pinggu
3120:Daxing
3110:Shunyi
2798:
2788:
2770:
2640:
2551:北魏太和造像
2236:(大兴府).
2141:Shi Le
2106:Shi Le
1993:Datong
1925:Daming
1878:Shanxi
1819:") in
1817:Tonkin
1694::
1692:pinyin
1686::
1677:pinyin
1647:(then
1625::
1618:Jīngdū
1615::
1613:pinyin
1605::
1599:Jingdu
1581::
1571::
1569:pinyin
1561::
1551::
1527:palace
1501::
1491::
1489:pinyin
1481::
1471::
1429::
1419::
1417:pinyin
1409::
1379::
1377:pinyin
1366::
1331:: The
1311::
1309:pinyin
1301::
1278::
1268::
1266:pinyin
1258::
1233::
1223::
1221:pinyin
1210::
1197::
1186::
1176::
1174:pinyin
1163::
1116::
1106::
1104:pinyin
1090::
1074::
1047::
1045:pinyin
1037::
1022::
1012::
1010:pinyin
1002::
972:. The
945:County
931::
924:Jìxiàn
921::
919:pinyin
911::
901::
895:Jixian
879::
869::
867:pinyin
856::
841::
831::
829:pinyin
821::
811::
758:
753:
231:Notes
188:, the
176:pinyin
127:Peking
3175:Other
3135:Miyun
2346:1654.
2027:Notes
2021:Anhui
1952:Henan
1929:Hebei
1906:Henan
1898:Hubei
1882:Nandu
1853:Kyoto
1829:Seoul
1807:Hanoi
1781:Japan
1777:Tokyo
1539:Hebei
1346:Daidu
947:'
733:1949–
718:1940
699:1937
687:1928
675:1912
663:1644
658:1420
647:1403
629:1368
616:1271
599:1215
586:1151
569:1125
554:1123
549:1122
523:1122
222:Year
141:Pékin
2796:OCLC
2786:ISBN
2768:OCLC
2638:ISBN
2429:2021
2403:2022
2043:and
1989:Liao
1835:was
1815:or "
1809:(as
1767:and
1634:lit.
1590:lit.
1521:and
1510:lit.
1438:lit.
1388:lit.
1382:Dàdū
1341:Dadu
1320:lit.
1129:and
940:lit.
888:lit.
667:Qing
639:Ming
620:Dadu
608:Yuan
561:Song
515:Liao
505:938
493:936
481:923
469:913
459:911
447:907
437:765
426:759
415:742
407:Tang
398:616
380:607
368:397
356:385
344:370
320:350
308:319
251:Zhou
239:1045
200:", "
196:", "
82:The
3360:Bus
2973:".
2942:. "
2915:. "
2884:. "
2853:. "
2372:".
2280:. "
2045:Yan
2019:in
1962:in
1950:in
1939:in
1927:in
1916:).
1912:in
1904:in
1896:in
1888:in
1880:);
1876:in
1845:as
1831:in
1749:PEK
1710:In
1651:as
1541:).
1356:by
1062:Qin
1025:Yen
1015:Yān
996:Yan
992:).
957:Yan
953:Yan
844:Chi
653:北京
635:北平
622:大都
592:中都
511:南京
432:燕京
421:范阳
390:Sui
386:涿郡
296:Wei
292:Han
288:幽州
268:Qin
247:薊城
241:BC
190:BBC
101:'s
3533::
3402:,
3398:,
3394:,
3390:,
3386:,
3382:,
3378:,
3368:,
2931:^
2900:^
2869:^
2840:".
2813:.
2802:.
2794:.
2749:.
2701:^
2678:.
2665:^
2389:.
2209:,
2023:.
2012:鍾離
1998:中京
1943:.
1863:du
1858:京都
1848:京城
1802:東京
1792:東京
1779:,
1741:.
1738:BJ
1728:.
1690:;
1688:北平
1631:;
1621:;
1611:;
1608:京都
1601::
1587:;
1577:;
1567:;
1564:京師
1557:;
1554:京师
1547::
1507:;
1497:;
1487:;
1484:順天
1477:;
1474:顺天
1467::
1435:;
1425:;
1415:;
1412:北平
1385:;
1375:;
1317:;
1307:;
1304:中都
1274:;
1264:;
1261:南京
1229:;
1219:;
1206:;
1182:;
1172:;
1112:;
1102:;
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1043:;
1040:燕京
1033::
1018:;
1008:;
998::
937:;
927:;
917:;
914:薊縣
907:;
904:蓟县
897::
885:;
875:;
865:;
852::
837:;
834:Jì
827:;
817:;
807::
805:Ji
801:.
791:Ji
786:Ji
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168:.
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112:南京
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3429:)
3006:e
2999:t
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2774:.
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2646:.
2431:.
2405:.
2312:,
2173:.
2047:.
1976:京
1974:西
1970:(
1795:(
1719:京
1372:都
1369:大
1216:陽
1213:范
1203:阳
1200:范
1169:州
1166:幽
1099:郡
1096:陽
1093:廣
1083:郡
1080:阳
1077:广
1005:燕
862:城
859:薊
824:薊
814:蓟
253:,
109:(
94:京
88:北
60:"
37:.
20:)
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