472:
330:
while only a sort of galvanised vitality. The selection of blind boys, without any greater regard for their musical capacities than the possession of the organ of hearing, for a calling which doomed them to a wandering life, depending for existence mainly if not wholly on the sympathies of the poorer classes, and necessarily conducive to intemperate habits, was not a well-considered benevolence, and should never have had any fair hope of success.
216:
67:, for the purpose of sustaining the music and tradition of itinerant Irish harpists, and secondarily, of promoting the study of the Irish language, history, and antiquities. For its patronage, the original society drew upon a diminishing circle of veterans of the patriotic and reform politics of the 1780s and 1790s, among them several unrepentant
71:. In its sectarian division, Belfast became increasingly hostile to Protestant interest in distinctive Irish culture. The society reconvened as the Irish Harp Society in 1819 only as a result of a large and belated subscription raised from expatriates in India. Once that source was exhausted, the new society ceased its activity.
40:
428:
We can confidently assure the friends and benevolent supporters of the patriotic and humane establishment, that the prosperity of the
Institution has never for a moment been forgotten or unattended to. The contributors, by all accounts, have now the satisfaction of knowing, that they have effectually
329:
The effort of the people of the North to perpetuate the existence of the harp in
Ireland by trying to give a harper's skill to a number of poor blind boys was at once a benevolent and a patriotic one; but it was a delusion. The harp at the time was virtually dead, and such effort could give it for a
545:
A core mission of the
Belfast harp societies has been resumed, since 2002, by the Historical Harp Society of Ireland in Kilkenny. Rediscovering the older wire-stringed harp of the kind played by O'Neill and Rainey, the HHSI seeks return "to the world the true sound of the oldest Irish music". For
497:
McAdam was also to suggest that, "like all other fashions," "the taste and fashion of music ... must give way to novelty.” From 1809 Irish harps were purchased by many titled women in
Ireland. But after the year 1835, the "'fad' went out". Charles Egan's workshop in Dublin, the main supplier, went
301:
In
February 1810, O'Neill laid charges against his only female pupil, a Miss Reilly, of having "an improper connection" with another student. While she was cleared on investigation, the scandal was followed up by the dismissal of two of O'Neill's class as being "incapable by nature of learning the
393:. As a result, almost five years later former members of the board found themselves in receipt of subscription of more than ÂŁ1,000 "to revive the Harp and Ancient Music of Ireland". As O'Neill was then three years dead, the funds were devoted to a renewed effort employing O'Neill's former pupils.
380:
Arthur O'Neill retired to County Tyrone on a ÂŁ30 pension volunteered by James MacDonnell and his brother
Alexander, both of whom had themselves been instructed on the harp by O'Neill in their youth. To the consternation of those who had come to regard the blind harper as a national treasure, the
334:
In 1818, it was reported that “several blind minstrels educated in the seminary at
Belfast" were "wandering through different parts of the country", and, by "affording a pleasing and harmless amusement to the people who hear them", were able to support themselves.
381:
Society itself had made no provision for his final years. Accounts of the
Society's financial difficulties and of O'Neill's plight ("the last Minstrel of Erin, unfriended, exigent, and bent in years") were submitted in June and November 1814 to the
396:
The new Irish Harp
Society procured a small number of harps and again selected pupils, "without reference to religious distinctions", from among "the blind and the helpless". In 1823, the new master was Valentine Rainey (sometimes "Rennie") of
525:, reported that the "ancient national music of Ireland is kept alive by a few practitioners of a very humble kind, who wander about in their own country chiefly playing to parties assemble in taverns". The only "gentleman harper" remaining was
100:
preserving the national music and national instrument of
Ireland by instructing a number of blind children in playing the Irish harp, and also procuring and disseminating information relative to the language, history and antiquities of
498:
out of business. Irish harp was ousted in both country houses, and popular meeting places, by the pianoforte and violin. Already, in 1792, the top premium in the festival had gone to Charles Fanning playing, "with modern variations",
459:") died in 1837, and the "benevolent, liberal and patriotic" impetus behind the "Bengal subscription" appears to have been spent. In 1839, the Society closed its academy in Cromac Street. The Irish scholar and folklorist
513:
to challenge the nominees of Lord Donegall in a parliamentary election. Failing to commit himself on an issue that increasingly was to associate interest in Irish culture with Catholic-majority separatism, repeal of the
309:. Pushing forward at a town meeting to protest the killing of two counter-demonstrators (who happened to be Protestants, likely Presbyterians) by a relatively new element in the life of the town, parading
251:, now 75. O'Neill was to instruct poor children from the age of ten, blind like himself, with a view both to preserving his musical legacy and, as harpists, to save his charges from a life of destitution.
502:, a piece of music at that time much in request by the pianoforte's young practitioners, and in 1796 it was as arrangements for the piano forte that Bunting first published his festival transcriptions.
471:
302:
harp". Subscribers began to withdraw their support. A season of six fund-raising balls held under the patronage of the Marchioness of Donegall failed to make up the loss. In 1813, the school closed.
444:, "with his usual characteristic patriotism, in the encouragement of every thing useful and liberal" made an annual subscription of ÂŁ10, the list of subscribers in India was headed by the
436:
conceded that the Society's friends in Ireland, were not able "to contend" with the generosity with which its patrons in India responded to such reports. It noted that while the resident
494:
and subsequent removal of many landowning families to England, the gentry in Ireland were "too scarce, and too little national, to encourage itinerant harpers, as of old."
555:
449:
293:
Met "with most enthusiastic applause", their musical performances were celebrated as a triumph. From this highpoint, the affairs of the Society did not run smoothly.
351:) brought to the Irish capital a man who vied with Arthur O'Neill for consideration as "the last of the ancient race of harpers", Patrick Quinn, a blind harper from
510:
258:. Provided by James Cody, these were particularly welcome by Mary Ann McCracken (who is known to have studied from Charles Vallency's Irish grammar), and by her
1487:
878:
490:
John McAdam, the Society's secretary (and fluent Irish speaker), noted there was not sufficient local interest to sustain its activity. In the wake of the
386:
110:
429:
restored the ancient melodies, the nearly lost airs of the Emerald Isle, by the encouragement given by them to the long–neglected and forgotten Harper.
154:
1502:
1497:
1492:
546:
this purpose, the Society brings together artists and audiences, players and tutors, researchers and experts, and harp makers and organologists.
114:
313:, Tennent was accused of assaulting Lord Donegall's brother-in-law and Anglican vicar of Belfast, Edward May. He was sentenced to three months.
1512:
441:
134:
1456:
1360:
1274:
922:
694:
609:
452:, at more than ÂŁ31, and by a further eight of "our patriotic countrymen" (army officers for the most part), each contributing more than ÂŁ12.
1108:"A Celebration of the Belfast Linen Hall Library's Beath Collection and the Bicentennial of the Irish Harp Society of Belfast (1819-39)"
805:
1400:
137:
or pledge had called for the "union of power among Irishmen of every religious persuasion"; Drennan's sister and political confidant,
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1471:
584:
289:
In December of that year, O'Neill was led by his twelve blind pupils into dinner marking publication of the second volume of Bunting
162:
227:
had been organised, again, by members of the Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge (known then as the Belfast Reading Society):
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1290:
420:
635:
437:
196:
166:
712:
Belfast politics: or, A collection of the debates, resolutions, and other proceedings of that town in the years 1792, and 1793
414:
15 April 1828, published a glowing tribute to the Society's academy, and of "the inimitable Rainey", that had appeared in the
343:
The Belfast Harp Society was the model for, and was briefly to survive, the Harp Society in Dublin. John Bernard Trotter from
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232:
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Other currents may also have been running against interest in the harp and its patriotic symbolism. Robert Tennent's son,
275:
228:
89:
322:
244:
306:
188:
118:
93:
68:
84:
Inaugurated at meeting held St. Patrick's Day, 1808, the Belfast Harp Society was an initiative of members of the
1178:
484:
445:
526:
367:
Commemoration" in the city, but then faded along with Trotter's personal finances. He went bankrupt in 1812.
239:
notated the music of the ten performers. In 1808, he was appointed musical director of the new society, with
1517:
178:
150:
243:
acting informally as his secretary. Bunting's master tutor was the most celebrated of the 1792 performers,
460:
235:. Encouraged by MacDonnell and supported by his adoptive family, McCrackens, the musician and collector
224:
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184:
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122:
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204:
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146:
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762:
754:
515:
491:
240:
142:
85:
1377:"Old News Clippings: The Illustrated London News, (London, England) October 11, 1856. page 371"
305:
The difficulties of the Society were compounded by the arrest in August 1813 of its treasurer,
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918:
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746:
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348:
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158:
126:
1352:
The 'Natural Leaders' and Their World: Politics, Culture and Society in Belfast, c. 1801-32
1405:
530:
409:
263:
130:
1420:"About I The Historical Harp Society of Ireland - The Historical Harp Society of Ireland"
1376:
1231:
1206:
1135:
1232:"Old News Clippings: Belfast News–Letter (Belfast, Ireland) Tuesday, September 26, 1837"
1058:
455:
Rainey, who "on liberal terms" had been invited to India (according to Bunting, by the "
534:
456:
401:. He had been committed to O'Neill as pupil by James MacDonnell, and had performed for
255:
236:
964:
1481:
766:
138:
106:
1464:
The Heritage of the Harp: the Linen Hall Library and the Preservation of Irish Music
1207:"Old News Clippings: Belfast News–Letter (Belfast, Ireland) Tuesday, April 15, 1828"
939:
577:
The Heritage of the Harp: the Linen Hall Library and the Preservation of Irish Music
509:, a subscriber to the Irish Harp Society, took up the first opportunity provided by
17:
360:
356:
310:
192:
174:
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1161:
985:
912:
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at Balmoral. Byrne had graduated from the Irish Harp School in Belfast in 1821.
344:
278:
contributed to an additional subscription to support Cody's efforts. Cody used
117:. Yet among the subscribers in the largely Presbyterian town were many who, as
398:
259:
215:
129:, a founding member of the United Irishmen and counted on the support of Dr.
1325:"Edward Bunting, A General Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland (1796)"
1035:
987:
History of the City of Dublin, from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time
890:
750:
402:
352:
248:
254:
In July 1809, the Society extended its programme to include classes in the
199:, and resolutions, carried by the new-formed United Irishmen, in favour of
1136:"Old News Clippings: Belfast News–Letter (Belfast, Ireland) April 9, 1833"
39:
480:
267:
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1011:
758:
726:
533:, who some years previously had had the honour of performing before the
742:
415:
390:
64:
60:
105:
Heading the list of 191 people pledging for this purposes between one
1027:
463:, tried but failed to revive the society in the years that followed.
385:. Eventually these reached Irish expatriates in the then capital of
355:. Inaugurated in July 1809, society counted among its benefactors,
59:(1819–1839), were philanthropic associations formed in the town of
1419:
470:
214:
1291:"Cristo Raul. The Story of the Harp. REVIVAL OF THE IRISH HARP"
44:
Arthur O’Neill (1734–1816), Belfast Harp Society master tutor
195:
celebrations. These had been complete with parades by local
1166:. Belfast and Cork: Browne and Nolan, limited. p. 321.
914:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1822
879:"Belfast: Bitter divisions before the first stone was cast"
727:"The United Irishmen, Music, Harps, and National Identity"
270:
and the brothers Samuel and Andrew Bryson. Dr MacDonnell,
187:
in July 1792. This had been staged for the benefit of the
984:
Warburton, John; Whitelaw, James; Walsh, Robert (1818).
793:. Dublin: At the Sign of the Three Candles. p. 192.
325:, argued that the Society had been flawed in conception:
109:
and twenty guineas annually, was town's proprietor, the
86:
Society for Promoting Knowledge (the Linen Hall Library)
1406:
A Hidden Ulster – people, songs and traditions of Oriel
1269:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 155.
161:
and was subsequently hanged; Robert Tennent's brother
33:
Belfast Harp Society (1808), Irish Harp Society (1819)
541:
The contemporary Historical Harp Society of Ireland
940:"Tennent, Robert | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
827:. Belfast: Reclaim the Enlightenment. p. 22.
807:A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, or Irish language
662:Hidden Ulster, Protestants and the Irish Language
556:Hidden Ulster, Protestants and the Irish language
405:on the occasion of his visit to Ireland in 1821.
347:(who had been the secretary of the radical Whig,
604:. Belfast: The Linen Hall Library. p. 184.
173:was forced into French exile after seeking with
990:. Dublin: T. Cadell and W. Davies. p. 767.
731:Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr
511:Representation of the People (Ireland) Act 1832
689:. Belfast: The Irish Pages Press. p. 81.
602:A History of the Linen Hall Library, 1788-1988
274:(the son of Robert Tennent), and the engineer
1059:"Irish Harp Festivals and Harp Societies (2)"
183:The creation of the society harkened back to
88:. Rules were drawn up by the town physicians
8:
363:. Within two months it had mounted a grand "
32:
27:Former philanthropic associations in Ireland
1355:. Liverpool University Press. p. 136.
579:. Belfast: Linen Hall Library. p. 20.
121:, had challenged the aristocracy and their
1449:The Gatherings of Irish Harpers, 1780-1840
687:The Gatherings of Irish Harpers, 1780-1840
262:friends, and fellow subscribers, the poet
38:
31:
1409:. Dublin: Four Courts Press Ltd., p. 353.
1179:"Irish Harpers particularly from Belfast"
710:William Bruce and Henry Joy, ed. (1794).
636:"Belfast's first Irish Harp Society,1808"
966:Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish
714:. Belfast: H. Joy & Co. p. 145.
974:, Williams and Norgate, London, p. 298.
877:McKitrick, David; McVea (1 July 2013).
567:
1201:
1199:
1160:Flood, William Henry Grattan (1906).
1130:
1128:
1101:
1099:
1097:
863:
861:
7:
1488:Music organisations based in Ireland
664:. Belfast: Lagan Press. p. 69.
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
55:(1808–1813) and its successor, the
1451:. Belfast: The Irish Pages Press.
1012:"On the Revival of the Irish Harp"
284:Introduction to the Irish Language
25:
1349:Wright, Jonathan Jeffrey (2012).
1057:Grattan Flood, William H (1905).
231:, Henry Joy, Robert Bradshaw and
911:Whelan, Fergus (21 March 2020).
421:The Bengal Hurkaru and Chronicle
1466:. Belfast: Linen Hall Library.
475:Photograph of Patrick Byrne by
165:, a former state prisoner; and
1503:1819 establishments in Ireland
1498:1808 establishments in Ireland
1493:Organisations based in Belfast
917:. Merrion Press. p. 276.
191:but coincided with the town's
153:had led the rebels who killed
1:
1513:History of the Irish language
185:Belfast's first Harp Festival
125:. The Society was chaired by
1016:The Belfast Monthly Magazine
660:Ó Snodaigh, Pádraig (1995).
643:Ulster Journal of Archeology
518:, he lost by a wide margin.
383:Belfast Commercial Chronicle
291:'s Ancient Music of Ireland.
804:Vallancey, Charles (1782).
523:The Illustrated London News
1539:
1265:Mac Póilin, Aodán (2018).
219:Edward Bunting (1773-1843)
189:Belfast Charitable Society
485:Scottish National Gallery
467:Decline in local interest
145:, brothers and sister to
96:. The declared aims were:
37:
1508:Irish language activists
1177:Chadwick, Simon (2021).
1163:A History of Irish Music
963:O’Curry, Eugene (1873),
789:O'Byrne, Cathal (1946).
177:to renew the republican
1523:19th century in Ireland
1401:PádraigĂn NĂ Uallacháin
1000:Byers (2022), pp. 73-74
810:. Dublin: R. Marchbank.
725:Boydell, Barra (1998).
531:Farney, County Monaghan
376:The Bengal Subscription
1381:www.wirestrungharp.com
1329:www.wirestrungharp.com
1236:www.wirestrungharp.com
1211:www.wirestrungharp.com
1140:www.wirestrungharp.com
1063:www.libraryireland.com
938:Maguire, W.A. (2009).
837:Courtney (2013), p. 53
487:
461:Robert Shipboy MacAdam
431:
332:
220:
123:Anglican establishment
103:
1447:Byers, David (2022).
867:Killen (1990), p. 186
855:Killen (1990), p. 185
685:Byers, David (2022).
634:Salmon, John (1895).
600:Killen, John (1990).
483:print, 203 Ă— 164 mm,
474:
426:
327:
321:The Irish antiquary,
237:Edward (Atty) Bunting
218:
201:Catholic Emancipation
179:insurrection in 1803.
171:William Putnam McCabe
155:Earl O'Neill's father
141:; Francis, John, and
133:who as author of the
98:
1462:Magee, John (1992).
1255:Byers (2022), p. 100
1106:Neill, Lily (2019).
575:Magee, John (1992).
507:Robert James Tennent
450:Marquess of Hastings
442:Marquis of Downshire
272:Robert James Tennent
205:Parliamentary Reform
113:. The president was
111:Marquess of Donegall
92:, Samuel Bryson and
75:Belfast Harp Society
53:Belfast Harp Society
18:Belfast Harp Society
1314:Byers (2022), p. 40
1091:Magee (1992), p. 22
1082:Byers (2022), p. 87
1010:Hibernicus (1809).
846:Byers (2022), p. 71
821:Gray, John (2020).
147:Henry Joy McCracken
34:
1295:www.cristoraul.org
1267:Our Tangled Speech
1112:www.mustrad.org.uk
824:Mary Ann McCracken
779:Magee (1992), p. 9
743:10.3828/eci.1998.5
488:
477:Hill & Adamson
371:Irish Harp Society
339:The Dublin society
276:Alexander Mitchell
241:Mary Ann McCracken
225:1792 Harp Festival
221:
211:Music and language
143:Mary Ann McCracken
57:Irish Harp Society
1457:978-1-8382018-8-3
1424:www.irishharp.org
1362:978-1-84631-848-1
1276:978-1-909556-67-6
924:978-1-78855-123-6
696:978-1-8382018-8-3
611:978-0-9508985-4-4
349:Charles James Fox
280:William Neilson's
135:United Irish test
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197:Volunteer corps
131:William Drennan
119:United Irishmen
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307:Robert Tennent
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245:Arthur O'Neill
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345:Downpatrick
80:Subscribers
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1442:References
1334:11 October
944:www.dib.ie
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260:Gaeilgeoir
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311:Orangemen
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