17:
192:
tried to bring him over to his side, the emperor designated him the successor of Bishop Benno I of Osnabrück who had died the past year. Benno did a lot to promote the economic and agricultural development in his diocese, however, when in 1073 Henry's quarrels with the Saxon nobility culminated in
315:
From humble origins, Benno made a remarkable career, not only because his abilities were needed and appreciated, but also due to his social skills and his beneficial relations. However, his close ties with ecclesiastical and secular authorities imposed considerable difficulties during the fierce
307:, which he had founded in 1080. In a little house near the monastery he lived according to the rule of the monks during the week, while on Sundays and holidays he assisted at his cathedral in Osnabrück. He died at Iburg three years later.
145:, which flowed close to the Cathedral of Speyer, threatened to undermine its foundations, Benno saved the structure by changing the course of the river. He and Bishop Azelin of Hildesheim accompanied Henry on a 1051 campaign against King
228:
bishops, signed the formula of deposition and incurred ecclesiastical excommunication a few weeks later. With some other excommunicated bishops, Benno hastened to Italy, where the pope freed them from the ban at
268:
was elected antiking and Benno's diocesan territories were devastated by the insurgents. With
Archbishop Liemar of Bremen he commissioned the anti-papal polemic by the Osnabrück canon
137:. On account of his skill in architecture he was appointed imperial architect and, as such, supervised the construction of numerous castles and churches in the
505:
35:
225:
317:
277:
213:
536:
241:
281:
177:
180:, Henry IV strongly relyed on his abilities as a master builder of several castles in the mainland of Saxony, such as the
134:
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39:
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antiking and in 1080 Pope
Gregory again excommunicated Henry and all his supporters. While Rudolf was killed in the
280:.) On the other hand, Benno tried to bring about a reconciliation, winning over rebellious nobles such as Margrave
166:
91:
233:. He successfully arbitrated between the adversaries, before Henry himself arrived here to do penance on his
212:
and Henry IV, Benno for a long time sided with the emperor. He were among the clerics who, led by
Archbishop
205:
43:
428:
Authority and
Resistance in the Investiture Contest: The Polemical Literature of the Late Eleventh Century
59:
197:
remained close companions of the king, when Henry fled from Saxony and had to consent to the humiliating
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245:
217:
185:
289:
269:
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257:
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149:, whereby Benno distinguished himself in providing the forces' catering. Upon his return he was made
122:
87:
146:
323:
Strunck and
Heitemeyer include him in the list of saints. Kerler says that he is invoked against
221:
150:
348:
in Neues Archiv der
Gesellschaft fur altere deutsche Geschichtskunde (Strasburg, 1902), 77–135;
340:, by Norbert, a contemporary of Benno and third Abbot of Iburg (1085-1117). It is published in
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118:
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Benno's great talent was also recognized by the emperor's son and successor King
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from 1068 until his death. He served as a close advisor and architect of
Emperor
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285:
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79:
16:
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open revolt, he had to seek protection at the royal court. He and
Archbishop
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63:
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and, shortly after, was made headmaster of the cathedral school at
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However, the tranquility did not last long. In March 1077 several
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15:
405:
101:
Having completed his education, he taught for some time at the
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while the troops of Henry IV laid siege to the pope in the
256:, where Gregory was again declared deposed and Archbishop
125:, where he reformed the education at the behest of Bishop
113:. In 1047 he became teacher at the Benedictine school of
129:. In Speyer, he had contacted the imperial court of the
74:
family. His parents sent him at an early age to the
416:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
327:, because he once dispersed them by his prayers.
272:, around 1085. (However, he did not author the
252:, Benno and several bishops met in a synod at
8:
90:was then teaching. Together with William I,
448:Die Heiligen Deutschlands, Paderborn, 1889.
299:in 1085, Benno retired to the monastery at
274:Gesta Romanae ecclesiae contra Hildebrandum
20:Modern statue of Bishop Benno II, Bad Iburg
462:
346:Die echte und interpolierte Vita Bennonis
344:: Script., XII, 58–84. See also Breslau,
353:Mittheil. des hist. Vereins zu Osnabruck
58:He was born at Löhningen (today part of
371:
216:, declared Gregory deposed at the 1076
457:Die Patronate der Heiligen, Ulm, 1905.
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184:finished in 1068. When the ambitious
7:
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391:
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387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
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439:Westphalia Saneta, Paderborn, 1855.
14:
410:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
360:Geschichtsquellen im Mittalalter
320:that overshadowed his lifetime.
284:and even negotiating with the
1:
473:
336:The most important source is
220:. Benno, like numerous other
94:, he went on a pilgrimage to
28:
553:
512:
503:
497:
490:
465:
42:. In 1080 he founded the
362:(Berlin, 1894), II, iii.
295:Upon Gregory's death at
92:Archbishop of Strasbourg
206:Investiture Controversy
492:Catholic Church titles
467:Benno II of Osnabrück
176:. Stuck in the rising
21:
413:Catholic Encyclopedia
404:Ott, Michael (1907).
316:conflict between the
246:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
19:
537:Bishops of Osnabrück
282:Egbert II of Meissen
250:Battle on the Elster
199:Treaty of Gerstungen
34:– 27 July 1088) was
506:Bishop of Osnabrück
147:Andrew I of Hungary
60:Ühlingen-Birkendorf
36:Bishop of Osnabrück
515:Marquard of Corvey
290:Castel Sant'Angelo
258:Guibert of Ravenna
214:Siegfried of Mainz
204:During the fierce
86:where the learned
22:
520:
519:
513:Succeeded by
139:Holy Roman Empire
111:Rhenish Franconia
88:Herman Contractus
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498:Preceded by
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449:
446:
440:
437:
431:
426:I. S. Robinson,
424:
418:
417:
409:
407:"Benno II"
401:
342:Mon. Germ. Hist.
318:church and state
210:Pope Gregory VII
195:Liemar of Bremen
159:Goslar Cathedral
103:cathedral school
76:monastic schools
33:
30:
552:
551:
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313:
266:Hermann of Salm
235:Walk to Canossa
167:Imperial Palace
153:of Hildesheim,
70:, the son of a
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31:
12:
11:
5:
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231:Canossa Castle
218:Synod of Worms
178:Saxon conflict
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338:Vita Bennonis
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278:Cardinal Beno
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26:
18:
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485:27 July 1088
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430:p. 152, 159.
427:
422:
411:
359:
358:Wattenbach,
355:, IX, 1–243;
352:
345:
337:
325:grasshoppers
322:
314:
301:Iburg Castle
294:
273:
260:was elected
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203:
171:
162:
100:
98:about 1040.
57:
48:Iburg Castle
24:
23:
532:1088 deaths
477: 1020
286:Roman Curia
264:. In turn,
188:archbishop
163:vicedominus
141:. When the
72:ministerial
44:Benedictine
32: 1020
526:Categories
510:1068–1088
331:References
161:and royal
155:archpriest
123:Hildesheim
305:Osnabrück
135:Henry III
96:Jerusalem
84:Reichenau
80:Straßburg
46:abbey of
262:antipope
244:elected
208:between
182:Harzburg
174:Henry IV
133:emperor
64:Klettgau
40:Henry IV
25:Benno II
500:Benno I
351:Thyen,
297:Salerno
242:princes
226:Italian
190:Anno II
186:Cologne
165:at the
151:provost
481:
311:Legacy
254:Brixen
222:German
131:Salian
127:Azelin
119:Saxony
115:Goslar
107:Speyer
68:Swabia
483:Died:
471:Born:
367:Notes
303:near
143:Rhine
62:) in
270:Wido
224:and
82:and
54:Life
276:of
157:at
117:in
109:in
105:of
78:of
528::
474:c.
374:^
292:.
237:.
201:.
169:.
66:,
50:.
29:c.
27:(
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