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by a river or stream and entrenchment of the river valley into it. Finally, a bench is also the name of a narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff created by waves or other physical or chemical erosion near the shoreline. These benches are typically referred to as either "coastal
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is a long, relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it. Benches can be of different origins and created by very different geomorphic processes.
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of varying hardness and resistance to erosion can create benches. Earth scientists called such benches "structural benches." Second, other benches are narrow
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Hypothetical cross-section of a river valley showing different types of benches. They include structural benches (sb) formed by the differential erosion of
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Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
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In mining, a bench is a narrow, strip of land cut into the side of an
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Geological
Society of America Bulletin. v. 105, no. 3, p. 377-386.
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beds. Also, they include benches in the form of narrow strath
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152:(ft), and cut terraces (ct) underlain by fluvial sediments.
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Coastal bench formation at
Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii.
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American
Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia.
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269:Bryan, W. B., and R. S. Stephens, 1993,
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