177:
20:
45:
2101:
228:
337:
becoming the world's most liquid form for crude oil trading, as well as the world's largest-volume futures contract trading on a physical commodity. Additional risk management and trading opportunities are offered through options on the futures contract; calendar spread options; crack spread options
267:
For many years, most of the oil producers in the Middle East have taken the monthly spot price average of Dubai and Oman as the benchmark for sales to the Far East (WTI and Brent futures prices are used for exports to the
Atlantic Basin). In July 2007, a potential new mechanism arose in the form of
264:. Dubai's only refinery, at Jebel Ali, takes condensates as feedstocks, and therefore all of Dubai's crude production is exported. For many years it was the only freely traded oil in the Middle East, but gradually a spot market has developed in Omani crude as well.
302:
of the
Canadian commodity. The CCI provides a fixed price reference for Canadian crude oil and provides an accessible and transparent index to serve as a benchmark to build investable products upon, and could ultimately increase its demand to global markets.
287:(WCS) "are benchmarks crude oils for the Canadian market. Both Edmonton Par and WCS are high-quality low sulphur crude oils with API gravity levels of around 40°. In contrast, WCS is a heavy crude oil with an API gravity level of 20.5°."
349:, which is also accessible to the international spot markets via pipelines. The contract provides for delivery of several grades of domestic and internationally traded foreign crudes, and serves the diverse needs of the physical market.
199:
differences, (at least before 2011) WTI is typically traded at a dollar or two premium to Brent and another dollar or two premium to the OPEC basket. Since 2011, WTI has traded at lower prices than Brent.
1326:
191:) and sweet (low-sulfur) thus making it ideal for producing products like low-sulfur gasoline and low-sulfur diesel. Brent is not as light or as sweet as WTI but it is still a high-grade crude. The
272:, which offers futures contracts in Omani crude. Whether the DME will be successful, and whether Omani futures prices will be adopted by producers and buyers as a benchmark, remain to be seen.
558:
1222:
322:(Nymex) both attempting to take advantage of the government's de-regulation of crude oil. CBOT's initial contracts had delivery problems, so customers abandoned it for Nymex.
2067:
1447:
745:
735:
609:
1217:
1212:
1197:
1192:
740:
1162:
483:
176:
168:
is more valuable), sweetness/sourness (low sulfur is more valuable) and transportation cost. This is the price that controls world oil market price.
786:
755:
750:
577:
458:
1529:
525:
522:
1403:
1227:
811:
571:
364:
1534:
1202:
776:
219:. It is the benchmark used primarily in Europe though it is also mixed in with the OPEC reference basket which is used around the world.
781:
1915:
1594:
1310:
2062:
1366:
1119:
1951:
1604:
1099:
796:
791:
602:
311:
Because of its excellent liquidity and price transparency, the contract is used as a principal international pricing benchmark.
1609:
1167:
1052:
2077:
1848:
1514:
1067:
985:
912:
295:
406:
260:, also known as Fateh, is a heavy sour crude oil extracted from Dubai. It is produced in the Emirate of Dubai, part of the
2125:
1285:
1182:
1172:
1094:
150:. Energy Intelligence Group publishes a handbook which identified 195 major crude streams or blends in its 2011 edition.
2057:
2052:
1589:
1574:
1023:
319:
2104:
2072:
595:
1659:
1260:
1245:
1207:
968:
845:
154:
2031:
1564:
1305:
1109:
269:
526:
http://boereport.com/2016/01/04/auspice-capital-advisors-launches-first-live-index-tied-to-canadian-crude-oil/
2082:
1956:
1013:
1005:
956:
907:
827:
712:
707:
284:
250:
184:
131:
107:
53:
37:
1559:
1300:
990:
840:
677:
652:
487:
358:
315:
106:
that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. There are three primary benchmarks,
1936:
1378:
1361:
1295:
1057:
924:
877:
850:
692:
462:
119:
978:
1833:
1503:
1265:
1147:
973:
946:
929:
855:
687:
540:
342:
futures and crude oil futures and gasoline futures and crude oil futures; and average price options.
299:
291:
261:
232:
1981:
1926:
1853:
1742:
1554:
1472:
1152:
1018:
280:
164:
There is always a spread between WTI, Brent and other blends due to the relative volatility (high
1828:
1250:
860:
760:
618:
369:
1976:
1104:
1079:
882:
867:
567:
346:
1803:
1524:
1127:
1045:
963:
801:
682:
560:
Canadian Crude Oil, Natural Gas and
Petroleum Products: Review of 2009 & Outlook to 2030
334:
147:
180:
West Texas
Intermediate (light blue) alongside other selected North American oil benchmarks
2036:
2026:
1768:
1519:
1408:
1334:
1137:
1132:
1062:
1030:
941:
657:
19:
1873:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1714:
1689:
1398:
1339:
1270:
1157:
1142:
951:
889:
634:
195:
basket is slightly heavier and more sour than Brent. As a result of these gravity and
44:
2119:
1941:
1898:
1863:
1492:
1373:
1346:
1280:
672:
236:
2001:
1931:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1674:
1654:
1599:
1383:
1351:
1290:
1187:
1089:
995:
872:
806:
374:
1893:
536:
431:
410:
161:. Using benchmarks makes referencing types of oil easier for sellers and buyers.
1971:
1843:
1664:
1634:
1579:
1569:
1275:
1255:
934:
917:
835:
697:
667:
662:
339:
257:
208:
188:
165:
135:
127:
115:
111:
81:
62:
28:
227:
2021:
1888:
1878:
1644:
1482:
1388:
2016:
1747:
1694:
1639:
1629:
1539:
1487:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1393:
1074:
702:
629:
326:
216:
212:
158:
139:
103:
71:
2011:
1991:
1986:
1966:
1961:
1737:
1727:
1649:
1584:
1356:
1084:
1040:
1035:
899:
436:
345:
The contract trades in units of 1,000 barrels, and the delivery point is
1679:
1669:
1549:
1544:
1459:
314:
The first futures contracts on crude oil were traded in 1983, with the
1996:
1883:
1868:
1858:
1818:
1732:
587:
196:
143:
1778:
1752:
1722:
1684:
1624:
1619:
1614:
330:
175:
18:
2006:
1946:
1699:
1177:
192:
123:
591:
1838:
1704:
1477:
1467:
507:
407:"Pricing Differences Among Various Types of Crude Oil"
2068:
401:
399:
2045:
1911:
1761:
1713:
1501:
1458:
1443:
1434:
1319:
1236:
1118:
1004:
898:
826:
769:
728:
721:
643:
298:. It allows investors to track the price, risk and
325:Crude oil became the world's most actively traded
566:, Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada, p. 9,
16:Reference price for trading of an oil commodity
518:
516:
603:
393:International Crude Oil Market Handbook, 2011
8:
187:is used primarily in the U.S. It is light (
153:Benchmarks are used because there are many
1455:
1440:
725:
610:
596:
588:
226:
211:is a mix of crude oil from 15 different
43:
1530:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
386:
1404:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
1163:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
118:. Other well-known blends include the
365:Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
7:
1535:China National Petroleum Corporation
1595:National Iranian South Oil Company
1311:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
14:
2063:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
1952:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
1605:Oil & Gas Development Company
557:Natural Resources Canada (2011),
2100:
2099:
294:(CCI) serves as a benchmark for
1610:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
338:on the pricing differential of
333:Division light sweet crude oil
2078:Society of Petroleum Engineers
1849:Port Harcourt Refining Company
1515:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
155:different varieties and grades
130:which is traded in Singapore,
1:
1024:Production sharing agreements
543:, 2011, HarperCollins, p90-91
508:Natural Resources Canada 2011
172:West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
2058:Canadian petroleum companies
2053:American Petroleum Institute
1590:National Iranian Oil Company
1575:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
320:New York Mercantile Exchange
2073:International Energy Agency
1058:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
2142:
1660:PTT Public Company Limited
1261:East Midlands Oil Province
1246:List of natural gas fields
846:Integrated asset modelling
484:"Crude Benchmark Analysis"
2095:
2032:Weatherford International
1565:Iraq National Oil Company
625:
459:"Oil Industry Commentary"
270:Dubai Mercantile Exchange
2083:World Petroleum Council
1957:China Oilfield Services
1014:Petroleum fiscal regime
713:Western Canadian Select
708:West Texas Intermediate
432:"Oil markets explained"
285:Western Canadian Select
185:West Texas Intermediate
132:Western Canadian Select
108:West Texas Intermediate
89: OPEC Basket Price
54:West Texas Intermediate
38:West Texas Intermediate
1560:Indian Oil Corporation
1046:Submersible pump (ESP)
991:Underbalanced drilling
812:of gasoline and diesel
359:Argus Sour Crude Index
316:Chicago Board of Trade
296:oil produced in Canada
254:
181:
91:
41:
1937:Cameron International
1379:Petrodollar recycling
1362:fossil fuel phase-out
925:Differential sticking
878:Reflection seismology
851:Petroleum engineering
693:OPEC Reference Basket
230:
179:
120:OPEC Reference Basket
47:
22:
2126:Benchmark crude oils
1834:Occidental Petroleum
1148:1990 oil price shock
974:Shale oil extraction
947:Drilling engineering
930:Directional drilling
856:Reservoir simulation
541:Leah McGrath Goodman
292:Canadian Crude Index
262:United Arab Emirates
74:(Russian export mix)
1982:Naftiran Intertrade
1927:Amec Foster Wheeler
1854:Reliance Industries
1743:Naftiran Intertrade
1555:Hindustan Petroleum
1153:2000s energy crisis
231:Dubai crude oil in
1829:Marathon Petroleum
1251:List of oil fields
861:Reservoir modeling
619:Petroleum industry
583:on October 3, 2013
370:Petroleum industry
255:
182:
92:
42:
2113:
2112:
2091:
2090:
1977:Nabors Industries
1907:
1906:
1105:Well intervention
1080:Petroleum product
979:Ljungström method
883:Seismic inversion
868:Petroleum geology
822:
821:
573:978-1-100-16436-6
347:Cushing, Oklahoma
243: Dubai crude
138:used in Nigeria,
2133:
2103:
2102:
1804:Hess Corporation
1525:Bharat Petroleum
1456:
1441:
1128:1967 Oil Embargo
964:Lost circulation
802:Posted oil price
726:
683:Isthmus-34 Light
612:
605:
598:
589:
584:
582:
576:, archived from
565:
544:
534:
528:
520:
511:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
486:. Archived from
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
461:. Archived from
455:
449:
448:
446:
445:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
409:. Archived from
403:
394:
391:
335:futures contract
248:
242:
134:used in Canada,
88:
79:
69:
60:
51:
35:
26:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2087:
2041:
2037:John Wood Group
2027:Valaris Limited
1920:
1917:
1914:
1903:
1769:APA Corporation
1757:
1709:
1508:
1505:
1497:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1331:Classification
1315:
1238:
1232:
1168:Nationalization
1138:1979 oil crisis
1133:1973 oil crisis
1114:
1100:Water injection
1068:Steam injection
1063:Gas reinjection
1031:Artificial lift
1000:
942:Drill stem test
894:
818:
765:
717:
639:
621:
616:
580:
574:
563:
556:
553:
548:
547:
535:
531:
521:
514:
506:
502:
493:
491:
482:
481:
477:
468:
466:
457:
456:
452:
443:
441:
430:
429:
425:
416:
414:
405:
404:
397:
392:
388:
383:
355:
318:(CBOT) and the
309:
278:
253:
246:
244:
240:
225:
206:
174:
96:benchmark crude
90:
86:
84:
77:
75:
67:
65:
58:
56:
49:
40:
33:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Surgutneftegas
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:Eneos Holdings
1791:
1786:
1784:ConocoPhillips
1781:
1776:
1774:Cenovus Energy
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1715:Energy trading
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1399:Swing producer
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Gulf of Mexico
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:2010s oil glut
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:1980s oil glut
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
982:
981:
971:
966:
961:
960:
959:
952:Drilling fluid
949:
944:
939:
938:
937:
927:
922:
921:
920:
910:
904:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
890:Seismic source
887:
886:
885:
875:
870:
865:
864:
863:
858:
848:
843:
838:
832:
830:
824:
823:
820:
819:
817:
816:
815:
814:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
732:
730:
723:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
688:Japan Cocktail
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
647:
641:
640:
638:
637:
635:Primary energy
632:
626:
623:
622:
617:
615:
614:
607:
600:
592:
586:
585:
572:
552:
549:
546:
545:
529:
512:
500:
475:
450:
423:
395:
385:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
354:
351:
308:
305:
277:
276:Canadian Crude
274:
245:
239:
224:
223:Dubai and Oman
221:
205:
202:
173:
170:
85:
76:
66:
57:
48:
32:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2138:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1899:Valero Energy
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Suncor Energy
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:TotalEnergies
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1437:organisations
1435:Companies and
1433:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Petrocurrency
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Oil shale gas
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:Abbreviations
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Permian Basin
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:United States
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Seven Sisters
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
923:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
897:
891:
888:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:Core sampling
834:
833:
831:
829:
825:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
727:
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Indian Basket
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
646:
642:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
620:
613:
608:
606:
601:
599:
594:
593:
590:
579:
575:
569:
562:
561:
555:
554:
550:
542:
538:
533:
530:
527:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
490:on 2006-03-22
489:
485:
479:
476:
465:on 2006-08-31
464:
460:
454:
451:
439:
438:
433:
427:
424:
413:on 2010-11-13
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
390:
387:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
348:
343:
341:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
312:
306:
304:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
275:
273:
271:
265:
263:
259:
252:
238:
234:
229:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
203:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
178:
171:
169:
167:
162:
160:
156:
151:
149:
146:and Mexico's
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
83:
73:
64:
55:
46:
39:
30:
21:
2002:Schlumberger
1932:Baker Hughes
1824:Marathon Oil
1814:Imperial Oil
1809:Husky Energy
1799:Galp Energia
1789:Devon Energy
1675:Saudi Aramco
1655:Petrovietnam
1600:NNPC Limited
1504:National oil
1384:Petrofiction
1352:Orphan wells
1320:Other topics
1291:Persian Gulf
1218:Saudi Arabia
1188:Standard Oil
996:Well logging
873:Petrophysics
644:
578:the original
559:
532:
510:, p. 9.
503:
492:. Retrieved
488:the original
478:
467:. Retrieved
463:the original
453:
442:. Retrieved
440:. 2007-10-18
435:
426:
415:. Retrieved
411:the original
389:
375:Price of oil
344:
324:
313:
310:
289:
281:Edmonton Par
279:
266:
256:
207:
183:
163:
152:
100:marker crude
99:
95:
93:
1972:Halliburton
1844:Phillips 66
1665:QatarEnergy
1635:Petrobangla
1570:KazMunayGas
1460:Supermajors
1409:heavy crude
1296:Prudhoe Bay
1276:Niger Delta
1256:Caspian Sea
1019:Concessions
969:Measurement
935:Geosteering
918:Squeeze job
828:Exploration
777:Consumption
736:Consumption
729:Natural gas
658:Bonny Light
340:heating oil
258:Dubai Crude
209:Brent Crude
204:Brent Blend
189:API gravity
166:API gravity
136:Bonny Light
128:Tapis Crude
116:Dubai Crude
112:Brent Blend
82:Dubai Crude
63:Brent Crude
29:Brent Crude
2022:Transocean
1889:Tullow Oil
1879:TechnipFMC
1645:PetroChina
1483:ExxonMobil
1389:Shale band
1266:East Texas
1239:and fields
1053:Downstream
1006:Production
913:Completion
841:Geophysics
782:Production
741:Production
678:Indonesian
653:Argus Sour
645:Benchmarks
551:References
537:The Asylum
494:2006-10-08
469:2006-07-05
444:2008-02-17
417:2008-02-17
329:, and the
300:volatility
213:oil fields
2017:TC Energy
1918:companies
1748:Trafigura
1695:Sonatrach
1640:Petrobras
1630:Pertamina
1540:Ecopetrol
1506:companies
1450:companies
1448:petroleum
1424:tight oil
1419:oil shale
1414:oil sands
1394:Shale gas
1335:sweet oil
1306:Venezuela
1281:North Sea
1237:Provinces
1228:Venezuela
1075:Midstream
770:Petroleum
630:Petroleum
381:Citations
327:commodity
307:Contracts
251:WTI Crude
217:North Sea
159:crude oil
140:Urals oil
104:crude oil
72:Urals oil
2120:Category
2105:Category
2012:Subsea 7
1992:Petrofac
1987:NOV Inc.
1967:GE Power
1962:Enbridge
1916:services
1738:Mercuria
1728:Glencore
1690:Sonangol
1650:Petronas
1585:Naftogaz
1357:Peak oil
1340:sour oil
1095:Upstream
1090:Refining
1085:Pipeline
1041:Pumpjack
1036:Gas lift
957:invasion
900:Drilling
787:Reserves
746:Reserves
437:BBC News
353:See also
215:in the
142:used in
122:used by
1680:Sinopec
1670:Rosneft
1550:Gazprom
1545:Equinor
1473:Chevron
1120:History
986:Tracers
908:Blowout
797:Exports
792:Imports
756:Exports
751:Imports
148:Isthmus
110:(WTI),
2046:Others
1997:Saipem
1894:Tüpraş
1884:TNK-BP
1869:Sunoco
1859:Repsol
1819:Lukoil
1762:Others
1733:Gunvor
1367:timing
1301:Russia
1213:Norway
1198:France
1193:Canada
570:
361:(ASCI)
249:
247:
241:
237:barrel
197:sulfur
144:Russia
114:, and
87:
80:
78:
70:
68:
61:
59:
52:
50:
36:
34:
27:
25:
1913:Major
1779:Cepsa
1753:Vitol
1723:Enron
1685:SOCAR
1625:Pemex
1620:PDVSA
1615:Orlen
1580:Lotos
1520:ANCAP
1488:Shell
1445:Major
1203:India
807:Price
761:Price
703:Urals
698:Tapis
668:Dubai
663:Brent
581:(PDF)
564:(PDF)
331:NYMEX
102:is a
2007:Snam
1947:CH2M
1700:TPAO
1208:Iraq
1178:OPEC
1173:GECF
722:Data
568:ISBN
290:The
283:and
268:the
235:per
193:OPEC
124:OPEC
1942:CGG
1839:OMV
1705:YPF
1478:Eni
233:USD
157:of
98:or
2122::
1468:BP
1110:XT
539:,
515:^
434:.
398:^
126:,
94:A
611:e
604:t
597:v
524:|
497:.
472:.
447:.
420:.
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