416:, and to dwindling storage capacity at the futures contract delivery point at Cushing, Oklahoma. Brent settled for US$ 26.21 at the same time, for a difference of $ 63.84. While the oil demand shock and limited storage capacity affects both WTI and Brent futures contracts, Brent contracts have greater access to storage, and greater buffers to absorb demand shocks than the WTI contracts. Brent futures contracts could theoretically access the storage capacity of all the shore tanks in North West Europe and of available shipping storage, while CME WTI contracts are restricted to storage and pipeline capacity at Cushing only. Brent futures contracts are traded in relation with Dated Brent and other contracts in the Brent Complex, allowing other contracts in the system to absorb demand shocks. Up to April 20, most of the demand shock from the COVID-19 pandemic has been absorbed by Dated Brent contracts and Dated Brent quality differentials, which spared pricing pressure on Brent futures contracts. While Brent is more insulated to
73:
441:. Contracts for one and two months forward were available in 1983, contracts for three months forward were available in 1984, contracts for four months forward were available in 1985, and contracts for at least four months are available for trading today. Sellers of Brent forward contracts initially had to give buyers a notice of at least 15 days of intention to deliver. More recently, the notice period has expanded to 10 days to one month ahead. This shifted the front month of the Brent forward contract. For example, on May 4, the Front Month forward contract (also known as M1) is the July contract, the Second Month (M2) contract is the August contract, and the Third Month (M3) contract is the September contract.
232:. Up to 96 contracts, for 96 consecutive months, in the Brent crude oil futures contract series are available for trading. For example, before the last trading date for May 2020, 96 contracts, from contracts for May 2020, June 2020, July 2020 ... Mar 2028, April 2028, and May 2028 are available for trading. ICE Clear Europe acts as the central counterparty for Brent crude oil and related contracts. Brent contracts are deliverable contracts based on 'Exchange of Futures for Physicals' (EFP) delivery with an option to cash settle against the ICE Brent Index price for the last trading day of the futures contract.
277:
transactions based on Dated Brent, they will still face basis risk between Dated Brent and EFP prices. Hedgers could use a Crude Diff or 'Dated to Front Line' (DFL) contract, which is a spread contract between Dated Brent and Brent 1st Line Future (the front month future), to hedge the basis risk. So a complete hedge would be the relevant Brent futures contract, and a DFL contract when the futures contract becomes the front month future. This is equivalent to a Brent forward contract and a CFD contract in forward contract terms.
366:
WTI and OPEC Basket; however, since the autumn of 2010 Brent has been priced much higher than WTI, reaching a difference of more than $ 11 a barrel by the end of
February 2011 (WTI: US$ 104/bbl, LCO: US$ 116/bbl). In February 2011 the divergence reached $ 16 during a supply glut, record stockpiles, at Cushing, Oklahoma before peaking at above $ 23 in August 2012. It has since (September 2012) decreased significantly to around $ 18 after refinery maintenance settled down and supply issues eased slightly.
201:
404:. Oil production in the interior of North America has exceeded the capacity of pipelines to carry it to markets on the Gulf Coast and east coast of North America; as a result, the oil price on the US and Canadian east coast and parts of the US Gulf Coast since 2011 has been set by the price of Brent Crude, while markets in the interior still follow the WTI price. Much US and Canadian crude oil from the interior is now shipped to the coast by railroad, which is much more expensive than pipeline.
780:
294:
316:
3329:
286:
454:
must find other parties to take the oil, and long chains of speculators formed between producers and refiners for every cargo of oil traded. Integrated oil producers also blurred the lines between commercial and speculative activity, as they could re-direct physical oil cargoes, and choose which forward contracts to deliver and which contracts to pass on to other speculators or producers.
36:
457:
Front Month Brent forward contracts prices came to be used as reference prices for spot transactions, but became vulnerable to speculative squeezes. The development of a Dated Brent and
Forward Month Brent Contracts-for-Difference market increased this vulnerability, and market participants gradually
453:
Speculators became bilateral intermediaries between producers and refiners, and speculative deals came to dominate the forward market. Since there was no central clearing of those forward contracts, speculators who bought Brent forwards at the time and who do not want to take delivery of physical oil
365:
Historically, price differences between Brent and other index crudes have been based on physical differences in crude oil specifications and short-term variations in supply and demand. Prior to
September 2010, there existed a typical price difference per barrel of between ±3 USD/bbl compared to
475:
In contrast to open forward contracts, Brent crude oil "dated" contracts – known as dated Brent contracts – specify the delivery date of crude in the current month in the spot market. Spot market transactions are generally not public, so market participants usually analyzed Dated Brent prices using
466:
Brent crude oil contract-for-difference (CFD) is a weekly spread or swap between the Dated Brent assessed price and the Second Month (or M2) Brent crude oil forward contract. They trade over a five-day work week in volumes of 100 or 100,000 lots and the most recent CFD rolls to the next-week CFD on
444:
Producers and refiners buy and sell oil on the market for wholesale trade, hedging, and tax purposes. Producers without integrated refinery operations, and vice versa for refiners without oil production, had to sell oil and could hedge oil price risk with forward contracts. Integrated oil producers
191:
The Brent
Complex fosters commercial transactions of Brent crude oil, gathers price data those transactions (in forwards, CFDs, and Dated Brent), establishes reference prices for other global oil trade transactions (in Dated Brent assessed prices, Dated BFOET assessed prices, forward traded prices,
449:
and eventually calculated as a 30-day price average of spot prices before an oil transaction. Forward market prices tended to be lower than these reference prices a lot of the times, and integrated oil producers could profitably lower their tax obligations by selling oil on the forward market from
428:
Brent crude oil monthly forward contracts started trading in 1983 as "open" contracts, or contracts that specify delivery month but not the delivery date. From 1983 to 1985, these contracts were for 500,000 barrels of Brent Blend crude, and were increased to 600,000 barrels after 1985. Deals were
276:
Although price discovery for the Brent
Complex is driven in the Brent forward market, many hedgers and traders prefer to use futures contracts like the ICE Brent futures contract to avoid the risk of large physical deliveries. If the market participant is using Brent futures to hedge physical oil
499:
the spot market will find that other market participants can sell on the front month forward market or on prices referenced to a front month forward market price, and market actors who try to monopolize the front month forward market will find that they would lose what they earned in the forward
494:
Platts and other PRAs got around the problem by quoting both a dated Brent assessed on outright spot market transactions, and a "North Sea Date Brent Strip" assessed using a Front Month Brent forward price curve created out of adding the Brent Front Month contract price and relevant weekly Brent
841:
The index represents the average price of trading in the 25-day Brent Blend, Forties, Oseberg, Ekofisk (BFOE) market in the relevant delivery month as reported and confirmed by the industry media. Only published cargo size (600,000 barrels (95,000 m)) trades and assessments are taken into
445:(those with refinery operations) had the same motives, but had an extra incentive to lower taxes. Integrated oil producers faced taxes when transferring oil internally from production to refining operations. These taxes are calculated based on a reference price originally set by
503:
Platt's compile their assessment prices during price assessment 'windows', or specific times of market trading, usually close to the end of trading for a particular day. Trading in these windows are dominated by group of major market participants, as listed in the table below.
484:, and ICIS. Platts dominates the assessed Dated Brent price, Argus publishes a BFOET assessed crude price called Argus North Sea Dated crude price, and ICIS provides the final settlement data to the ICE Brent Index (which ultimately settles ICE Brent futures) since 2015.
110:
in 1976. As production from the Brent oilfield declined to zero in 2021, crude oil blends from other oil fields have been added to the trade classification. The current Brent blend consists of crude oil produced from the
450:
their production operations, and buying back oil from unrelated parties for their refining operations on the same market. This practice became less prevalent with the introduction of tougher regulations in 1987.
746:
Petroleum production from Europe, Africa, and the Middle East flowing West tends to be priced relative to this oil, i.e. it forms a benchmark. The other well-known classifications (also called references or
1757:
2554:
433:. Payment for deals were made 30 days after oil delivery. Since deals were bilateral and not centrally cleared like futures transactions, parties to the deal sought financial guarantees such as
258:, are traded using the symbol BB, and are cash settled based on the ICE Brent Crude Oil Futures 1st nearby contract settlement price on the penultimate trading day for the delivery month.
138:
is also known as Brent Blend, London Brent and Brent petroleum. This grade is described as light because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its low sulphur content.
2450:
376:
The US Energy
Information Administration attributes the price spread between WTI and Brent to an oversupply of crude oil in the interior of North America (WTI price is set at
165:, a physical and financial market for crude oil based around the North Sea of Northwest Europe, which could include numerous elements that can be referred to as Brent crude:
3295:
268:, are traded using the symbol BZ, and are cash settled based on the ICE Brent Crude Oil Index price as published one day after the final trading day for the delivery month.
1632:
1436:
1212:
2675:
1973:
1486:
1412:
487:
However, in the early 1990s, Brent and BFOET crude spot markets started to price transactions using assessed Dated Brent prices as benchmark prices, which created a
1608:
1461:
1387:
1262:
1078:
973:
856:
A weighted average of second month cargo trades in the 25-day BFOE market plus or minus a straight average of the spread trades between the first and second months.
1755:
1539:
1362:
1337:
1287:
1237:
1188:
1312:
72:
49:
this article is very technical and at the same time lacks references. After merging Brent Index article here, it also needs checking for potential repetitions.
87:, a physically and financially traded oil market based around the North Sea of Northwest Europe; colloquially, Brent Crude usually refers to the price of the
1963:
1837:
2445:
2440:
2425:
2420:
1968:
2390:
1514:
1116:
898:
476:
assessments from Price
Reporting Agencies (PRAs), who collect private transactions data and aggregate them. The important PRAs for the Brent Complex are
467:
Thursday. The CFD market developed in 1988 in response to basis risk between the Brent futures/forward contract prices and the spot/dated Brent prices.
161:
Popular media references to "Brent crude" usually refers to the ICE Brent crude oil futures price. The ICE Brent crude oil futures price is part of the
923:
491:
that diluted fundamental supply and demand information contained in the assessed Dated Brent price, and created incentives for speculative squeezes.
2014:
1983:
1978:
2757:
381:
2631:
2455:
495:
contracts-for-difference (CFD) prices. These dated Brent prices became less vulnerable to speculative squeezes, since market actors who try to
2039:
1742:
1656:
1413:"The Brent Contract for Differences (CFD): A Study of an Oil Trading Instrument, its Market and its Influence on the Behaviour of Oil Prices"
2762:
2430:
2004:
1494:
The Brent
Contract for Differences (CFD): A Study of an Oil Trading Instrument, its Market and its Influence on the Behaviour of Oil Prices
948:
2009:
760:
3143:
2822:
2538:
1141:
1682:
3290:
2594:
2347:
141:
Brent is the leading global price benchmark for
Atlantic basin crude oils. It is used to set the price of two-thirds of the world's
3179:
2832:
2327:
2024:
2019:
1830:
217:
1163:
2837:
2395:
2280:
1801:
412:
On April 20, 2020, the CME WTI futures contract for May 2020 settled at −US$ 37.63 a barrel due to oil demand shocks from the
52:
3305:
3076:
2742:
2295:
2213:
2140:
1806:
500:
market in the spot market, as price effect they created in the front month contract will pass on to the dated Brent prices.
3353:
2513:
2410:
2400:
2322:
128:
3358:
3285:
3280:
2817:
2802:
2251:
192:
and futures traded prices), and transfers risks of those transactions (through hedging in forward and futures markets).
3332:
3300:
1823:
245:
2887:
2488:
2473:
2435:
2196:
2073:
1578:
869:
420:
by these factors than WTI, negative prices are still possible should oil demand and storage capacity fall further.
142:
1737:
Andrew Inkpen, Michael H. Moffet. The Global Oil &Gas
Industry. PennWell Corporation, Oklahoma, 2011. p. 372.
369:
Many reasons have been given for this divergence ranging from regional demand variations, to the depletion of the
3259:
2792:
2533:
2337:
835:
221:
88:
1775:
740:
719:. The name "Brent" comes from the naming policy of Shell UK Exploration and Production, operating on behalf of
438:
3310:
3184:
2241:
2233:
2184:
2135:
2055:
1940:
1935:
1810:
792:
768:
324:
308:
150:
2787:
2528:
2218:
2068:
1905:
1880:
1712:
1060:
1043:
3164:
2606:
2589:
2523:
2285:
2152:
2105:
2078:
1920:
1872:
1012:
752:
748:
358:
200:
146:
2206:
127:(added 2018) oil fields (also known as the BFOET Quotation) and oil drilled from Midland, Texas in the
3061:
2731:
2493:
2375:
2201:
2174:
2157:
2083:
1915:
401:
248:. They are ultimately priced in relation to the ICE Brent crude oil futures and the ICE Brent Index.
229:
3209:
3154:
3081:
2970:
2782:
2700:
2380:
2246:
1660:
779:
509:
Trading activity in the Platt's price assessment ‘window’ by participant from 2016 to May 16, 2019
3056:
2478:
2088:
1988:
1846:
397:
213:
The ICE Futures Europe symbol for Brent crude oil futures is B. It was originally traded on the
1764:. Compiled CO2 atlas for the Norwegian Continental Shelf, 2014, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
1102:
3204:
2332:
2307:
2110:
2095:
1738:
808:
724:
496:
413:
377:
120:
116:
112:
3031:
2752:
2355:
2273:
2191:
2029:
1910:
819:
434:
417:
393:
92:
3264:
3254:
2996:
2747:
2636:
2562:
2365:
2360:
2290:
2258:
2169:
1885:
1761:
1029:
788:
481:
124:
99:
96:
1690:
1001:, vol. 5, International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, pp. 23–35
95:
or the contract itself. The original Brent Crude referred to a trading classification of
1754:
The Brent Group, Uppermost Lower Jurassic to Middle Jurassic (Upper Toarcian–Bajocian).
293:
3101:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2942:
2917:
2626:
2567:
2498:
2385:
2370:
2179:
2117:
1862:
716:
103:
315:
240:
In addition to ICE, two types of Brent crude financial futures are also traded on the
3347:
3169:
3126:
3091:
2720:
2601:
2574:
2508:
1900:
850:
488:
370:
225:
3229:
3159:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3016:
2902:
2882:
2827:
2611:
2579:
2518:
2415:
2317:
2223:
2100:
2034:
181:
Brent-Forties-Oseberg-Ekofisk-Troll_WTI (BFOETI), Dated Brent, or Brent spot market
3121:
3199:
3071:
2892:
2862:
2807:
2797:
2503:
2483:
2162:
2145:
2063:
1925:
1895:
874:
823:
800:
756:
728:
349:
214:
458:
switched to using Dated Brent as the spot transaction reference price by 1988.
285:
3249:
3116:
3106:
2872:
2710:
2616:
720:
135:
1117:"Historic day for oil markets as WTI crude crashes below zero for first time"
289:
Spot price of West Texas Intermediate in relation to the price of Brent Crude
220:
in London starting in 1988, but since 2005 has been traded on the electronic
3244:
2975:
2922:
2867:
2857:
2767:
2715:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2621:
2302:
1930:
1857:
879:
764:
732:
389:
385:
339:
107:
27:
Classification of crude oil that serves as a major worldwide benchmark price
17:
3239:
3219:
3214:
3194:
3189:
2965:
2955:
2877:
2812:
2584:
2312:
2268:
2263:
2127:
1103:
Short-Term Energy Outlook Supplement: Brent Crude Oil Spot Price Forecast
736:
727:, which originally named all of its fields after birds (in this case the
859:
A straight average of designated assessments published in media reports.
2907:
2897:
2777:
2772:
2687:
1659:. One Financial Markets/CB Financial Services Ltd. 2012. Archived from
999:
Price discovery and risk transfer in the Brent crude oil futures market
949:"Move Over, Scotland. U.S. Oil Enters World's Most Important Benchmark"
796:
446:
3224:
3111:
3096:
3086:
3046:
2960:
1815:
804:
477:
429:
made bilaterally between two parties by telephone and confirmed by
3006:
2980:
2950:
2912:
2852:
2847:
2842:
743:
layers of the oil field: Broom, Rannoch, Etive, Ness and Tarbert.
430:
292:
241:
199:
71:
1609:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
1462:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
1388:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
1263:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
1079:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
974:"Contracts for Difference and the Evolution of the Brent Complex"
845:
The index is calculated as an average of the following elements:
3234:
3174:
2927:
2405:
803:, yet not as sweet as WTI. Brent is suitable for production of
1819:
838:(ICE) Brent Future based on ICE Futures Brent index at expiry.
3066:
2932:
2705:
1142:"HWTI crude price goes negative for the first time in history"
29:
1565:
The Price Reporters: A Guide to PRAs and Commodity Benchmarks
1044:"Chapter 692: Brent Crude Oil Penultimate Financial Futures"
2695:
947:
Uberti, David; Henderson, Bob; Wallace, Joe (2023-05-31).
1318:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 35–38
1293:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 35–38
1061:"Chapter 698: Brent Crude Oil Last Day Financial Futures"
1713:"Shell's floating monster spill • Friends of the Earth"
1496:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 3–4
1418:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 3–4
1343:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 4–5
1243:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 3–4
1194:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. pp. 3–4
408:
April 2020 WTI negative pricing and Brent vulnerability
149:
prices for purchases of oil worldwide, the other being
924:"Changes to the 'Dated Brent' benchmark: More to come"
853:
of first month cargo trades in the 25-day BFOE market.
1540:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
1368:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. p. 39
1363:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
1338:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
1288:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
1238:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
1189:"The Brent Market An Analysis of Recent Developments"
834:
The Brent Index is the cash settlement price for the
471:
Dated Brent assessed prices and the Brent spot market
3296:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
1545:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. p. 3
929:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. p. 3
175:
Brent crude oil weekly Contract-for-Difference (CFD)
3273:
3139:
2989:
2941:
2729:
2686:
2671:
2662:
2547:
2464:
2346:
2232:
2126:
2054:
1997:
1956:
1949:
1871:
380:) caused by rapidly increasing oil production from
1633:"Specifications guide Europe and Africa crude oil"
1437:"Specifications guide Europe and Africa crude oil"
1213:"Specifications guide Europe and Africa crude oil"
83:may refer to any or all of the components of the
811:. It is typically refined in Northwest Europe.
625:Shell International Trading and Shipping Company
536:Shell International Trading and Shipping Company
1831:
1580:Crude: ARGUS North Sea Dated price assessment
997:Abdullahi, Saada A.; Muhammad, Zahid (2016),
715:Originally Brent Crude was produced from the
462:Brent crude oil contract-for-difference (CFD)
252:Brent Crude Oil Penultimate Financial Futures
204:Brent crude oil prices (in dollars and euros)
8:
1774:IntercontinentalExchange, Inc (2008-01-21),
1313:"An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing System"
91:(Intercontinental Exchange) Brent Crude Oil
814:Brent Crude has a density of approximately
224:, known as ICE. One contract equals 1,000
2683:
2668:
1953:
1838:
1824:
1816:
1013:"The Role of WTI as a Crude Oil Benchmark"
795:(WTI). It contains approximately 0.37% of
1614:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1467:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1393:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1268:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1169:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1084:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
979:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
424:Brent crude oil monthly forward contracts
172:Brent crude oil monthly forward contracts
169:Brent crude oil monthly futures contracts
143:internationally traded crude oil supplies
1809:, US Energy Information Administration,
778:
506:
314:
284:
45:needs attention from an expert in Energy
2758:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
890:
2632:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2391:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1515:"Platts Dated Brent vs other 'Brents'"
1485:Barrera-Rey, Fernando; Seymour, Adam.
1411:Barrera-Rey, Fernando; Seymour, Adam.
1101:US Energy Information Administration,
1018:. Purvin & Gertz Inc. p. 109.
899:"Platts Dated Brent vs other 'Brents'"
178:Dated Brent short-term assessed prices
55:may be able to help recruit an expert.
7:
2763:China National Petroleum Corporation
2823:National Iranian South Oil Company
2539:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1657:"UK brent, crude oil, brent crude"
1140:Wallace, Cameron (20 April 2020).
1115:Kelly, Stephanie (20 April 2020).
25:
3291:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3180:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
2833:Oil & Gas Development Company
1607:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1460:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1386:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1261:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1162:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1077:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
1032:. Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.
972:Fattouh, Bassam; Imsirovic, Adi.
266:Brent Crude Oil Financial Futures
246:Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
196:Brent crude oil futures contracts
3328:
3327:
262:Brent Last Day Financial Futures
218:International Petroleum Exchange
34:
2838:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
3306:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3077:Port Harcourt Refining Company
2743:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
1687:www.investing-for-beginner.org
791:(LCO), though not as light as
711:Brent oilfield crude oil blend
184:Brent oilfield crude oil blend
1:
2252:Production sharing agreements
1638:. S&P Global Platts. 2020
1563:Johnson, Owain (2017-08-09),
1442:. S&P Global Platts. 2020
1218:. S&P Global Platts. 2020
1164:"Oil Benchmarks Under Stress"
151:West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
76:Oil platform in the North Sea
3286:Canadian petroleum companies
3281:American Petroleum Institute
2818:National Iranian Oil Company
2803:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
384:reservoirs such as Canadian
145:. It is one of the two main
3301:International Energy Agency
2286:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
236:CME Brent crude oil futures
228:(159 m) and quoted in
209:ICE Brent crude oil futures
47:. The specific problem is:
3375:
2888:PTT Public Company Limited
2489:East Midlands Oil Province
2474:List of natural gas fields
2074:Integrated asset modelling
870:List of crude oil products
645:China Oil & Petroineos
636:Mercuria Energy Trading SA
605:Mercuria Energy Trading SA
3323:
3260:Weatherford International
2793:Iraq National Oil Company
1853:
836:Intercontinental Exchange
576:Glencore Commodities Ltd.
281:Price difference with WTI
222:Intercontinental Exchange
102:first extracted from the
818:, being equivalent to a
656:SOCAR Trading UK Limited
439:counterparty credit risk
3311:World Petroleum Council
3185:China Oilfield Services
2242:Petroleum fiscal regime
1941:Western Canadian Select
1936:West Texas Intermediate
1811:US Department of Energy
1567:(1 ed.), Routledge
793:West Texas Intermediate
769:West Texas Intermediate
392:formations such as the
325:West Texas Intermediate
309:West Texas Intermediate
256:Brent Crude Oil Futures
2788:Indian Oil Corporation
2274:Submersible pump (ESP)
2219:Underbalanced drilling
2040:of gasoline and diesel
784:
362:
312:
290:
205:
77:
3165:Cameron International
2607:Petrodollar recycling
2590:fossil fuel phase-out
2153:Differential sticking
2106:Reflection seismology
2079:Petroleum engineering
1921:OPEC Reference Basket
1030:"Brent Crude Futures"
782:
753:OPEC Reference Basket
359:OPEC Reference Basket
318:
296:
288:
203:
75:
3354:Benchmark crude oils
3062:Occidental Petroleum
2376:1990 oil price shock
2202:Shale oil extraction
2175:Drilling engineering
2158:Directional drilling
2084:Reservoir simulation
799:, classifying it as
731:). But it is also a
616:Hartree Partners, LP
585:BP Oil International
518:Brent BFOET Forwards
402:Eagle Ford Formation
342:(Russian export mix)
3359:Oil and gas markets
3210:Naftiran Intertrade
3155:Amec Foster Wheeler
3082:Reliance Industries
2971:Naftiran Intertrade
2783:Hindustan Petroleum
2381:2000s energy crisis
1487:"Executive Summary"
511:
3057:Marathon Petroleum
2479:List of oil fields
2089:Reservoir modeling
1847:Petroleum industry
1760:2016-05-08 at the
1719:. 24 December 2011
809:middle distillates
785:
763:, Shanghai Crude,
507:
398:Niobrara Formation
363:
313:
291:
206:
78:
53:WikiProject Energy
3341:
3340:
3319:
3318:
3205:Nabors Industries
3135:
3134:
2333:Well intervention
2308:Petroleum product
2207:Ljungström method
2111:Seismic inversion
2096:Petroleum geology
2050:
2049:
1743:978-1-59370-239-7
1683:"ベーシックな支払い方法について"
1311:Fattouh, Bassam.
787:Brent blend is a
725:Royal Dutch Shell
708:
707:
435:letters of credit
414:COVID-19 pandemic
378:Cushing, Oklahoma
332: Brent Crude
301: Brent Crude
244:(now part of the
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
3366:
3331:
3330:
3032:Hess Corporation
2753:Bharat Petroleum
2684:
2669:
2356:1967 Oil Embargo
2192:Lost circulation
2030:Posted oil price
1954:
1911:Isthmus-34 Light
1840:
1833:
1826:
1817:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1752:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1689:. Archived from
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
978:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
928:
922:Imsirovic, Adi.
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
903:
895:
851:weighted average
820:specific gravity
817:
783:Oil from Ekofisk
512:
418:negative pricing
394:Bakken Formation
356:
347:
337:
331:
322:
306:
300:
264:, also known as
254:, also known as
134:The Brent Crude
93:futures contract
65:
62:
56:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3315:
3269:
3265:John Wood Group
3255:Valaris Limited
3148:
3145:
3142:
3131:
2997:APA Corporation
2985:
2937:
2736:
2733:
2725:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2664:
2658:
2559:Classification
2543:
2466:
2460:
2396:Nationalization
2366:1979 oil crisis
2361:1973 oil crisis
2342:
2328:Water injection
2296:Steam injection
2291:Gas reinjection
2259:Artificial lift
2228:
2170:Drill stem test
2122:
2046:
1993:
1945:
1867:
1849:
1844:
1807:Crude oil types
1798:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:The Brent Index
1773:
1772:
1768:
1762:Wayback Machine
1753:
1749:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1663:on 7 March 2012
1655:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:Bacon, Robert.
1537:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:Bacon, Robert.
1360:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:Bacon, Robert.
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:Bacon, Robert.
1285:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:Bacon, Robert.
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:Bacon, Robert.
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:, 10 July 2010.
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
995:
991:
982:
980:
976:
971:
970:
966:
957:
955:
946:
945:
941:
932:
930:
926:
921:
920:
916:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:
892:
888:
866:
842:consideration.
832:
822:of 0.835 or an
815:
789:light crude oil
777:
775:Characteristics
713:
473:
464:
426:
410:
361:
354:
352:
345:
343:
335:
333:
329:
327:
320:
311:
304:
302:
298:
283:
274:
272:Role in hedging
238:
211:
198:
187:ICE Brent Index
159:
100:light crude oil
66:
60:
57:
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Surgutneftegas
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Eneos Holdings
3019:
3014:
3012:ConocoPhillips
3009:
3004:
3002:Cenovus Energy
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2943:Energy trading
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2627:Swing producer
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Gulf of Mexico
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:2010s oil glut
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:1980s oil glut
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2180:Drilling fluid
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2118:Seismic source
2115:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Japan Cocktail
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1863:Primary energy
1860:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1797:
1796:External links
1794:
1792:
1791:
1766:
1747:
1730:
1704:
1674:
1648:
1624:
1592:
1570:
1555:
1530:
1506:
1477:
1452:
1428:
1403:
1378:
1353:
1328:
1303:
1278:
1253:
1228:
1204:
1179:
1154:
1132:
1121:Financial Post
1107:
1094:
1069:
1052:
1035:
1021:
1004:
989:
964:
939:
914:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
877:
872:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
854:
831:
828:
776:
773:
717:Brent Oilfield
712:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
684:
681:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
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649:
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634:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
530:
529:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
472:
469:
463:
460:
425:
422:
409:
406:
382:unconventional
353:
344:
334:
328:
319:
303:
297:
282:
279:
273:
270:
237:
234:
210:
207:
197:
194:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
158:
155:
131:(added 2023).
123:(added 2007),
119:(added 2002),
115:(added 2002),
104:Brent oilfield
68:
67:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3371:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3138:
3128:
3127:Valero Energy
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Suncor Energy
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2721:TotalEnergies
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2665:organisations
2663:Companies and
2661:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Petrocurrency
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Oil shale gas
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2555:Abbreviations
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Permian Basin
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:United States
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Seven Sisters
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2147:
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2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:Core sampling
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
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1977:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Indian Basket
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
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1770:
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1763:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1693:on 2012-12-25
1692:
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1675:
1662:
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1652:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1583:, Argus Media
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1495:
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1478:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1165:
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1136:
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1122:
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1111:
1108:
1104:
1098:
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1080:
1073:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1000:
993:
990:
975:
968:
965:
954:
950:
943:
940:
925:
918:
915:
900:
894:
891:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
846:
843:
839:
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
816:835 kg/m
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
781:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
703:
700:
698:
695:
692:
690:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
674:
672:
671:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
591:
587:
584:
581:
578:
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572:
571:
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561:
558:
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547:
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541:
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532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
505:
501:
498:
492:
490:
489:feedback loop
485:
483:
479:
470:
468:
461:
459:
455:
451:
448:
442:
440:
436:
432:
423:
421:
419:
415:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
371:North Sea oil
367:
360:
351:
341:
326:
317:
310:
295:
287:
280:
278:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
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243:
235:
233:
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227:
223:
219:
216:
208:
202:
195:
193:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
166:
164:
163:Brent Complex
157:Brent Complex
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
132:
130:
129:Permian Basin
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:Brent Complex
82:
74:
64:
54:
50:
46:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
3230:Schlumberger
3160:Baker Hughes
3052:Marathon Oil
3042:Imperial Oil
3037:Husky Energy
3027:Galp Energia
3017:Devon Energy
2903:Saudi Aramco
2883:Petrovietnam
2828:NNPC Limited
2732:National oil
2612:Petrofiction
2580:Orphan wells
2548:Other topics
2519:Persian Gulf
2446:Saudi Arabia
2416:Standard Oil
2224:Well logging
2101:Petrophysics
1890:
1784:, retrieved
1776:
1769:
1750:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1716:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:the original
1686:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:the original
1651:
1640:. Retrieved
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1585:, retrieved
1579:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1509:
1498:. Retrieved
1493:
1480:
1469:. Retrieved
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1431:
1420:. Retrieved
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1345:. Retrieved
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1072:
1066:. CME Group.
1055:
1049:. CME Group.
1038:
1024:
1007:
998:
992:
981:. Retrieved
967:
956:. Retrieved
952:
942:
931:. Retrieved
917:
906:. Retrieved
893:
844:
840:
833:
813:
786:
745:
714:
508:
502:
493:
486:
474:
465:
456:
452:
443:
437:to minimize
427:
411:
375:
368:
364:
275:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
239:
230:U.S. dollars
212:
190:
162:
160:
140:
133:
84:
80:
79:
61:January 2015
58:
48:
44:
3200:Halliburton
3072:Phillips 66
2893:QatarEnergy
2863:Petrobangla
2798:KazMunayGas
2688:Supermajors
2637:heavy crude
2524:Prudhoe Bay
2504:Niger Delta
2484:Caspian Sea
2247:Concessions
2197:Measurement
2163:Geosteering
2146:Squeeze job
2056:Exploration
2005:Consumption
1964:Consumption
1957:Natural gas
1886:Bonny Light
1520:. p. 1
1144:. World Oil
904:. p. 1
875:Petrobourse
830:Brent Index
824:API gravity
801:sweet crude
757:Dubai Crude
729:brent goose
665:Statoil ASA
350:Dubai Crude
215:open outcry
81:Brent Crude
18:Brent Blend
3348:Categories
3250:Transocean
3117:Tullow Oil
3107:TechnipFMC
2873:PetroChina
2711:ExxonMobil
2617:Shale band
2494:East Texas
2467:and fields
2281:Downstream
2234:Production
2141:Completion
2069:Geophysics
2010:Production
1969:Production
1906:Indonesian
1881:Argus Sour
1873:Benchmarks
1802:Definition
1786:2010-04-28
1642:2020-05-16
1618:2020-05-16
1587:2020-05-16
1549:2020-05-16
1524:2020-05-15
1500:2020-05-16
1471:2020-05-16
1446:2020-05-16
1422:2020-05-16
1397:2020-05-16
1372:2020-05-16
1347:2020-05-16
1322:2020-05-16
1297:2020-05-16
1272:2020-05-16
1247:2020-05-16
1222:2020-05-16
1198:2020-05-16
1173:2020-05-25
1148:2020-05-25
1126:2020-05-25
1088:2020-05-16
983:2020-05-16
958:2023-09-04
933:2020-05-15
908:2020-05-15
886:References
826:of 38.06.
761:Oman Crude
751:) are the
749:benchmarks
721:ExxonMobil
136:oil marker
3245:TC Energy
3146:companies
2976:Trafigura
2923:Sonatrach
2868:Petrobras
2858:Pertamina
2768:Ecopetrol
2734:companies
2678:companies
2676:petroleum
2652:tight oil
2647:oil shale
2642:oil sands
2622:Shale gas
2563:sweet oil
2534:Venezuela
2509:North Sea
2465:Provinces
2456:Venezuela
2303:Midstream
1998:Petroleum
1858:Petroleum
880:Petroeuro
765:Urals oil
741:formation
733:backronym
596:Gunvor SA
565:Gunvor SA
390:tight oil
386:oil sands
340:Urals oil
147:benchmark
108:North Sea
3333:Category
3240:Subsea 7
3220:Petrofac
3215:NOV Inc.
3195:GE Power
3190:Enbridge
3144:services
2966:Mercuria
2956:Glencore
2918:Sonangol
2878:Petronas
2813:Naftogaz
2585:Peak oil
2568:sour oil
2323:Upstream
2318:Refining
2313:Pipeline
2269:Pumpjack
2264:Gas lift
2185:invasion
2128:Drilling
2015:Reserves
1974:Reserves
1758:Archived
1723:23 March
1697:23 March
1667:25 March
864:See also
739:for the
737:mnemonic
704:100.00%
556:Vitol SA
545:Vitol SA
373:fields.
2908:Sinopec
2898:Rosneft
2778:Gazprom
2773:Equinor
2701:Chevron
2348:History
2214:Tracers
2136:Blowout
2025:Exports
2020:Imports
1984:Exports
1979:Imports
1717:foe.org
797:sulphur
771:(WTI).
696:100.00%
686:32.84%
568:11.04%
548:11.83%
226:barrels
121:Ekofisk
117:Oseberg
113:Forties
106:in the
3274:Others
3225:Saipem
3122:Tüpraş
3112:TNK-BP
3097:Sunoco
3087:Repsol
3047:Lukoil
2990:Others
2961:Gunvor
2595:timing
2529:Russia
2441:Norway
2426:France
2421:Canada
1741:
805:petrol
683:Others
678:23.24%
675:Others
668:7.67%
648:8.59%
628:8.19%
608:9.86%
599:10.57%
588:9.99%
579:10.01%
559:11.62%
539:16.47%
497:corner
478:Platts
400:, and
357:
355:
348:
346:
338:
336:
330:
323:
321:
307:
305:
299:
3141:Major
3007:Cepsa
2981:Vitol
2951:Enron
2913:SOCAR
2853:Pemex
2848:PDVSA
2843:Orlen
2808:Lotos
2748:ANCAP
2716:Shell
2673:Major
2431:India
2035:Price
1989:Price
1931:Urals
1926:Tapis
1896:Dubai
1891:Brent
1781:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1543:(PDF)
1518:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1465:(PDF)
1440:(PDF)
1416:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1316:(PDF)
1291:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
1241:(PDF)
1216:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
1064:(PDF)
1047:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
977:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
902:(PDF)
701:Total
693:Total
659:8.94%
639:9.37%
619:9.80%
482:Argus
431:telex
242:NYMEX
125:Troll
97:sweet
3235:Snam
3175:CH2M
2928:TPAO
2436:Iraq
2406:OPEC
2401:GECF
1950:Data
1739:ISBN
1725:2018
1699:2018
1669:2012
807:and
767:and
723:and
526:CFDs
523:Rank
515:Rank
447:BNOC
388:and
3170:CGG
3067:OMV
2933:YPF
2706:Eni
953:WSJ
735:or
89:ICE
3350::
2696:BP
2338:XT
1715:.
1685:.
1595:^
1492:.
1119:.
951:.
849:A
759:,
755:,
480:,
396:,
153:.
1839:e
1832:t
1825:v
1745:.
1727:.
1701:.
1671:.
1645:.
1621:.
1552:.
1527:.
1503:.
1474:.
1449:.
1425:.
1400:.
1375:.
1350:.
1325:.
1300:.
1275:.
1250:.
1225:.
1201:.
1176:.
1151:.
1129:.
1091:.
986:.
961:.
936:.
911:.
662:7
653:7
642:6
633:6
622:5
613:5
602:4
593:4
582:3
573:3
562:2
553:2
542:1
533:1
63:)
59:(
20:)
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