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549:"Über einen Fehler in der Berechnung der französischen Gradmessung und seineh Einfluß auf die Bestimmung der Figur der Erde. Von Herrn Geh. Rath und Ritter Bessel"
423:, mean continental density, rock density and the distribution of network data. Every reference ellipsoid deviates from the worldwide data (e.g. of
137:. It is currently used by several countries for their national geodetic surveys, but will be replaced in the next decades by modern ellipsoids of
610:"Formulas and constants for the calculation of the Swiss conformal cylindrical projection and for the transformation between coordinate systems"
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sponsored by the United States after World War II. The Soviet Union forced its satellite states in
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The ellipsoid data published by Bessel (1841) were then the best and most modern data mapping the
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As of 2010 the Bessel ellipsoid is the geodetic system for
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networks were based on the Bessel ellipsoid. In the following decades the
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reduction techniques many projects used other examples such as the
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1924. All of them are influenced by geophysical effects like
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are shown, which is mainly used for modern surveys and the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
485:(Japan). In Africa it is the geodetic system for
200:The Bessel ellipsoid fits especially well to the
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144:The Bessel ellipsoid was derived in 1841 by
324:Earth ellipsoid WGS84 (defined directly by
411:of 1910 which was adopted in 1924 by the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
547:Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1841-12-01).
539:
259:Bessel ellipsoid 1841 (defined by log
7:
413:International Association of Geodesy
47:adding citations to reliable sources
168:and 38 precise measurements of the
430:In 1950 about 50% of the European
403:of 1880. After the arrival of the
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434:networks and about 20% of other
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626:from the original on 2019-12-05
34:needs additional citations for
518:Gauss–Krüger coordinate system
442:states switched mainly to the
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16:Reference ellipsoid in geodesy
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196:The Bessel and GPS ellipsoids
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469:and some Asian countries:
553:Astronomische Nachrichten
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596:F. W. Bessel and Geodesy
573:10.1002/asna.18420190702
204:curvature of Europe and
146:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
417:International ellipsoid
212:derived by satellites.
188:in keeping with former
523:Helmert transformation
246:World Geodetic System
184:axes were defined by
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619:. 2016. p. 5.
565:1841AN.....19...97B
456:Krasovsky ellipsoid
421:vertical deflection
170:astronomic latitude
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528:Hayford ellipsoid
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99:February 2022
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41:Please help
36:verification
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454:to use the
405:geophysical
282:.155 m
190:calculation
127:Bessel 1841
630:2021-09-25
559:(7): 216.
534:References
467:Yugoslavia
436:continents
378:.30 m
225:flattening
186:logarithms
176:(see also
69:newspapers
617:swisstopo
594:Viik, T,
581:0004-6337
347:.0 m
192:methods.
174:longitude
657:Category
621:Archived
497:See also
479:Belitung
440:American
255:system.
223:and the
663:Geodesy
561:Bibcode
503:Geodesy
491:Namibia
487:Eritrea
483:Okinawa
471:Sumatra
356:298.257
317: m
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206:Eurasia
135:geodesy
83:scholar
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513:WGS 84
508:WGS 72
475:Borneo
354:= 1 /
289:= 1 /
158:Europe
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624:(PDF)
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202:geoid
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76:books
577:ISSN
489:and
473:and
448:ED50
397:Asia
328:and
313:.962
263:and
172:and
125:(or
121:The
62:news
569:doi
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231:= (
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