680:, and hence she was in awe of Anne's fashion sense and worldliness, but she was somewhat puzzled by Anne's fascination with boys. "I had a brother, so boys were no big thing to me", Eva wrote. But Anne had introduced Eva to Otto Frank when the Geiringers first came to Amsterdam "so you can speak German with someone", as Anne had said, and Eva never forgot Otto's warmth and kindness to her. Though they were acquainted on a first-name basis, Eva and Anne were not especially close, as they had different groups of friends aside from their mutual close friendship with Sanne Ledermann. Eva's brother Heinz was called up for deportation to labor camp on the same day as Margot Frank, and the Geiringers went into hiding at the same time the Franks did, though the Geiringer family split into two groups to do so – Eva and her mother in one location, and Heinz and his father at another. Though hiding in two separate locations, all four of the Geiringers were betrayed on the same day, about three months before the Frank family was arrested. Eva survived Auschwitz, and when the Russians liberated
895:, was not Jewish and therefore was able to remain in her Amsterdam apartment during the occupation. Kaletta and Pfeffer had been regulars at the Sunday afternoon "coffees" hosted by the Franks before the war, and hence she knew the entire Frank family. Miep Gies was especially touched by the devotion Pfeffer and Kaletta displayed to each other, and frequently passed letters from one to the other, an act which the other members of the household viewed as imprudent, but which Gies felt was important. Kaletta's Jewish husband died in Neuengamme, but she held hope for some time after the war's end that Pfeffer had survived. When she learned of his death, she married him posthumously; Otto Frank made the arrangements for her. Frank was always sympathetic to her and continued to offer her assistance, but in the mid-1950s she severed all contact with him, and with Miep and Jan Gies, because she was offended by the unflattering depiction of Pfeffer in Anne's diary and later by the way his character was written in the stage play
574:(born 30 Jan 1929), or "Jacque", as she was known to everyone, was Anne's "best" friend at the time the Frank family went into hiding. Jacque sincerely liked Anne, but at times found her too demanding in her friendship. Anne, writing later in her diary, was remorseful for her own attitude toward Jacque, regarding with better understanding Jacque's desire to have other close girlfriends as well – "I just want to apologize and explain things", Anne wrote. After two and a half months in hiding, Anne composed a farewell letter to Jacque in her diary, vowing her lifelong friendship. Jacque read this passage much later, after the publication of the diary. Jacque's French-born mother was a Christian, and that, along with several other extenuating circumstances, combined to get the "J" (for "Jew") removed from the family's identification cards. The van Maarsens were thus able to live out the war years in Amsterdam. Jacque later married her
608:(born 6 Apr 1929) was another schoolmate of Anne's. Nannette, by her own admission, was the girl given the made-up initials "E. S." in the early pages of Anne's diary. While they were not always on the best of terms during school days (their personalities were much too similar), Nanny had been invited to Anne's 13th birthday party, and when they met in Bergen-Belsen, their reunion was enthusiastic. With prisoners constantly being shifted around in the huge camp, Nanny quickly lost track of Anne. Nannette was the only member of her family to survive the war. While she was recovering from tuberculosis in a hospital immediately after the war, Otto Frank got in touch with her, and she was able to write and give him some information about her encounter with Anne at Belsen. Nanette and her family, as of 2019, resided in
637:: For all the admiring boys Anne was surrounded with during her school days, she said repeatedly in her diary that the only one she deeply cared about was Peter Schiff, whom she called "Petel". He was three years older than Anne and they had, according to Anne, been "inseparable" during the summer of 1940, when Anne turned 11. Then, Peter changed addresses, and a new acquaintance slightly older than Peter convinced him Anne was "just a child". Anne had several vivid dreams of Peter while in hiding, wrote about them in her diary, and realized herself that she saw Peter van Pels, at least partially, as a surrogate for Peter Schiff. Anne implies in her diary (12 January 1944) that Peter Schiff gave her a
231:. However, according to eyewitness testimony, this did not happen on the day he arrived there. Sal de Liema, an inmate at Auschwitz who knew both Otto Frank and Hermann van Pels, said that after two or three days in the camp, Van Pels mentally "gave up", which was generally the beginning of the end for any concentration camp inmate. He later injured his thumb on a work detail and requested to be sent to the sick barracks. Soon after that, during a sweep of the sick barracks for selection, he was sent to the gas chambers. This occurred about three weeks after his arrival at Auschwitz, most likely in very early October 1944, and his selection was witnessed by both his son Peter and by Otto Frank.
656:, his parents sent him to Amsterdam to live with his grandparents, believing, like Otto Frank, that Hitler would respect The Netherlands' neutrality. Silberberg's grandfather, who disliked the name Helmuth, dubbed him "Hello". Hello was 16 and adored Anne, but she wrote in her diary that she was "not in love with Hello, he is just a friend, or as mummy would say, one of my 'beaux'", though Anne also remarked in her diary on how much she enjoyed Hello's company, and she speculated that he might become "a real friend" over time. By a very convoluted series of events, including several narrow escapes from the Nazis, Hello eventually reunited with his parents in
176:, as her health had started to deteriorate. Witnesses reported that her despair at being separated from her daughters led to an emotional breakdown. They described her searching for her daughters endlessly and said that she seemed to not understand that they had gone, although she had seen them board the train that took them out of the camp. They also said that she began to hoard what little food she could obtain, hiding it under her bunk to give to Anne and Margot when she saw them. They said that Edith Frank told them Anne and Margot needed the food more than she did, and she therefore refused to eat it. She died on 6 January 1945 from
509:. Hannah was able to talk to Anne several times through the barrier and to toss some essentials over it for her. Anne had told Hannah at this point that she believed both of her parents were dead, and in later years Hannah reflected that if Anne had known her father were still alive, she might have found the strength to survive until the camp was liberated. Shortly after Hannah threw the bundle over the fence for Anne, Anne's contingent of prisoners was moved, and Hannah never heard from her again. Hannah and her little sister Gabi were the only members of their family to survive the war, and Hannah was near death from
660:. Belgium was also an occupied country, however, and he and his family were still "in hiding", though not under circumstances as difficult as the Franks'. The American forces liberated the town where the Silberbergs were hiding on 3 September 1944, and Hello was free – tragically on the same day that Anne and her family left on the last transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz. Hello emigrated to the United States after the war and was later known as Ed Silverberg. He appeared as Ed Silverberg in the multimedia stage presentation about the Holocaust called,
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was impressed and pleased that the shrill, blunt, and boy-crazy friend she remembered from
Montessori school had begun to mature into a somewhat more introspective and thoughtful girl. This drew them closer together again. In the picture of Anne's 10th birthday referenced above under "Mary Bos", Kitty is the girl in the center with the dark pleated skirt. Kitty never felt that Anne was specifically thinking of her when addressing her diary passages to "Kitty", and most Anne scholars and biographers agree, believing that Anne borrowed the name from
237:(29 September 1908 – April 1945; known as Petronella in the diary), born Auguste Röttgen (Hermann's wife), whose date and place of death are unknown. Witnesses testified that she was with the Frank sisters during part of their time in Bergen-Belsen, but that she was not present when they died in February/March. According to German records (her registration card), Mrs. Van Pels was sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany with a group of eight women on November 26, 1944.
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706:, in which she describes her family's happy life before going into hiding, and the experiences of living in hiding during the Nazi occupation, of going to the concentration camps, and finally, of going after liberation to the house where Heinz and their father had hidden, to retrieve the paintings Heinz had hidden beneath the floorboards there. Heinz's paintings have been displayed in exhibitions in the United States and are now a part of a permanent exhibition in
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nose for her vanity, until she sees the error of her ways. Anne played the princess; Hansi noted that she played the role to perfection and had "natural charisma". Most people felt that Margot was the more beautiful of the Frank sisters, but Hansi observed that Anne, in her opinion, was prettier than Margot because "she was always smiling". Aside from those anecdotes, however, Hansi thought of Anne primarily as a noisy
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272:. Otto Frank had protected him during their period of imprisonment together, as the two men had been assigned to the same work group. Frank later stated that he had urged Peter to hide in Auschwitz and remain behind with him, rather than set out on a forced march, but Peter believed he would have a better chance of survival if he joined the
676:) shared a remarkably similar history with Anne. The Geiringers lived on the opposite side of Merwedeplein, the square where the Franks' apartment was located, and Eva and Anne were almost exactly the same age. Eva was also a close friend of Sanne Ledermann's, and she knew both Anne and Margot. Eva described herself as an out-and-out
144:, an Auschwitz survivor who lost her first husband and her son when they, too, were sent on a death march out of Auschwitz, and whose daughter Eva, also a survivor, was a neighborhood friend of the Frank sisters. Otto devoted his life to spreading the message of his daughter and her diary, as well as to defending it against
56:(literally "back-house", usually translated as "secret annex") for more than two years before they were betrayed, and arrested. Anne kept a diary from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944, three days before the residents of the annex were arrested. Anne mentioned several times in her writings that her sister
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was exactly midway in age between Anne and Margot. Hansi was an exception among those who knew Anne – she was rather indifferent about Anne and idolized Anne's sister Margot instead. But Anne, Hansi, and Hansi's two sisters performed in a holiday play about a vain princess who is punished with a long
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was another good friend of Anne's all the way through
Montessori school. Ietje was the girl with whom Anne breathlessly shared the news concerning one of Anne's maternal uncles, who had been arrested by the Nazis and sent to labor camp (he later was released and emigrated to the United States). Being
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in 1940). Schoolmates at
Montessori, Anne and Kitty attended different schools after sixth grade, and hence they had drifted apart somewhat. But shortly before the Franks went into hiding, Kitty visited Anne one day when Anne was in bed with a slight fever. They chatted the whole afternoon, and Kitty
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school and an invited guest at Anne's 10th birthday party; in the well-known photo of that gathering, she is the very slender girl third from the right. Mary was a gifted artist, whose drawings and paintings were much admired by her peers. She is mentioned in passing in Anne's diary, when Anne writes
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out of
Auschwitz. Mauthausen Concentration Camp records indicate that Peter van Pels was registered upon his arrival there on January 25, 1945. Four days later, he was placed in an outdoor labor group, Quarz. On 11 April 1945, Peter was sent to the sick barracks. His exact death date is unknown, but
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that began in the camp in
January 1945. The two sisters died, evidently a few days apart, sometime in February 1945. Both were buried in one of the mass graves at Belsen, though it is unknown to this day exactly which of the many mass graves at Belsen contains their remains. Their "tombstone" that
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was a cousin of Anne's who lived in
Switzerland and a great favorite of hers. Four years older than Anne (and hence, even older than Margot) his rollicking sense of fun matched Anne's temperament perfectly, and he much preferred Anne as a playmate to the staid and proper Margot. Everyone called him
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from the time of her arrival in
Amsterdam and is mentioned several times at the beginning of the diary. She was considered the "quiet" one of the trio of "Anne, Hanne and Sanne". She was very intelligent, and according to Anne, very facile with poetry. Sanne's full first name is variously listed in
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known to most of her friends as "Lies", was Anne's oldest friend, along with Sanne
Ledermann. While Hannah was in Bergen-Belsen, she met Auguste van Pels by asking through a hay-filled barbed wire fence if anyone who could hear her voice spoke Dutch. Mrs. van Pels answered her and remembered Hannah
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contacts. Bep and Miep found Anne's diaries and papers after the eight prisoners, together with Kugler and
Kleiman, had been arrested and removed from the building. Bep left Opekta shortly after the war and married Cornelis van Wijk in 1946. While she did grant an interview to a Dutch magazine some
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in
February 1940. When they left, Anne wrote Mary a little poem as a goodbye note. Mary almost forgot about Anne, but after the war, when Anne's diary was published, she recalled her friend Anne from Montessori school. After the war, Mary wed Bob Schneider. They still live in the United States.
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was a forgery. Given Otto Frank's crucial declaration that Silberbauer had obviously acted on orders and behaved correctly and without cruelty during the arrest, judicial investigation of Silberbauer was dropped, and he was able to continue in his career as a police officer. Silberbauer died in
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different sources as both "Susanne" and "Susanna". Only her friends called her "Sanne"; her family used the more Germanic "Susi". After his return to Amsterdam, Otto Frank learned that Sanne and her parents, Franz and Ilse, were arrested on 20 June 1943. Sanne and her parents were sent first to
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as a gift, which she cherished from then on. Schiff was also a prisoner at Bergen-Belsen, though he was transported from there to Auschwitz before Anne and Margot arrived at Belsen. It is known for certain that he died in Auschwitz, although the exact date of his death is unclear. In 2009, the
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on April 9, 1945. This same card lists her as being alive on April 11, 1945. As such, she must have died en route to Theresienstadt or shortly after her arrival there, the date of her death occurring most likely either the first half or mid-April 1945, but before May 8, 1945, when the camp was
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until the end of the war, but Lucie's disillusioned father left the party in 1942. Anne was shocked when the van Dijks became party members, but Otto Frank patiently explained to her that they could still be good people even if they had distasteful politics. Lucie herself was briefly a rather
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saved parts of Anne Frank's book (just like the younger secretary Bep Voskuijl). She later said that if she had read it, she would have needed to destroy it, as it contained a great deal of incriminating information, such as the names of all of the annex helpers, as well as many of their
873:, which Anne hugely admired. She even wrote an imaginary movie plot in her diary, wherein she would skate with Bernd, and included a sketch of the costume she would wear. After a long career as a professional skater and actor, he eventually became the head of the Anne Frank Fund in
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joined the Franks in their hiding place in concealed rooms at the rear of Otto Frank's office building, on 13 July 1942. Anne gave the van Pels family a pseudonym in her diary (as she did for most other characters in her diary); she called them "Van Daan" in her diary. Although
304:, both of which were common causes of death in the camps. Of all the stressful relationships precipitated by living in such close proximity with each other for two years, the relationship between Anne and Fritz Pfeffer was one of the most difficult for both, as her diary shows.
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years after the war, she mostly shunned publicity. However, Bep kept her own scrapbook of Anne-related articles throughout her life. Bep and her husband had four children, the last a daughter whom she named "Anne-Marie", in honor of Anne. Bep died in Amsterdam on 6 May 1983.
812:. She may have been a Montessori schoolmate of Anne's or merely a neighborhood friend. Martha, on the far right in the photograph, survived the war. Martha was Anne's Montessori schoolmate and is seen in another picture with Anne taken during Anne's last term at Montessori.
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was a boarder with the Van Daans at Guider Amsterdam 34 (before the Van Daans moved into the Annex), and frequently had dinner with the Van Daans and Franks. Max survived the war. After the war, Otto Frank gave Max a first edition of Anne's book, published in 1947 as "Het
103:(below) who, out of respect for Anne's privacy, had not read it. The diary was first published in 1947, and by virtue of worldwide sales since then, it has become one of the most widely read books in history. It is recognized both for its historical value as a document of
379:; thus, he was able to procure things for the people in the annex that would have been almost impossible to obtain any other way. He left the Underground in 1944, when an incident caused him to believe his safety had been compromised. Jan died of complications from
136:(12 May 1889 – 19 August 1980; Anne and Margot's father, husband of Edith) was in poor health, due primarily to malnutrition, when he was left behind in Auschwitz with the rest of those in the sick barracks, when the Nazis evacuated all other prisoners on a
464:), like her colleagues, was instructed to stay in the office on the day the Franks were forced from their hiding place, but in the confusion that followed, Bep managed to escape with a few documents that would have incriminated the Secret Annex protectors'
988:, Anne and Margot's fellow prisoners in all three camps, had both trained as nurse aides and were among the last people to see Anne and Margot Frank alive. While she was there, she was sexually assaulted by one of the guards that worked in her camp.
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from peacetime in Amsterdam. Mrs. van Pels then told Hannah that Anne was a prisoner in the section of the camp van Pels herself was in. Hannah was astonished, as she, like most people back in Amsterdam, believed the Franks had escaped to
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books (these were a great favorite of Anne's, and Joop's best friend was a character named "Kitty Francken"). Kitty's entire family survived internment at Theresienstadt, and, following her father's profession, Kitty became a
485:. For example, he designed and built the "swinging bookcase" that concealed the entrance to the annex. However, Anne often mentioned his health problems in her diary, and he became incapacitated after a diagnosis of abdominal
359:'s biography of Anne Frank. Gies stated that every year she spent the entire day of 4 August in mourning, the date those in the Annex were arrested. Gies died on 11 January 2010, following a short illness, at the age of 100.
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set, and Anne and Margot frequently went to her house to play. Wagner was the first of Anne's circle of friends to be deported. Along with her mother and grandmother, she was sent to Westerbork in January 1943, then to
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and for the high quality of writing displayed by such a young author. In 2010, Anne was honored as one of the most iconic women of the year. She is also one of the most well known victims of the Holocaust. Her friend
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contacts. She and her husband, Jan, took Otto Frank into their home, where he lived from 1945 (after his liberation from Auschwitz concentration camp) until 1952. In 1994, she received the "Order of Merit" of the
960:, who had made the tip-off, only that it came from a "reliable source", and was unable to provide any information that would further a police investigation. Silberbauer's confession helped discredit claims that
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are two other childhood friends of Anne's who appear in the picture of Anne's 10th birthday party. Very little is known about either girl. Juultje, the very tall girl near the center, was gassed by the Nazis in
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liberated. Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder, eyewitness of Auguste's death, states that the Nazis murdered her by throwing her onto the train tracks during her last transport to Theresienstadt in April 1945.
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stated that it was May 10, 1945, five days after Mauthausen was liberated by men from the 11th Armored Division of the U.S. Third Army. He was 18 years old, and was the last member of the group to die while
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was another lifelong friend of Anne's and was, like Mary Bos, a fine artist. (Kitty remained a lifelong friend of Mary Bos; they communicated regularly by letter, even after Mary moved permanently to the
848:. Although several years older than Margot, this friendly girl always played with both of the Frank sisters, and she was a neighborhood favorite of both Mr. and Mrs. Frank's. After the Franks moved to
200:. According to recollections from several eyewitnesses, this occurred "a few days" before Anne's death, most likely in early-mid February 1945, though like Anne's death, the exact date is not known.
782:(Nazi youth group), but between her father's later abandonment of the party and her grandmother's absolute abhorrence of anything connected with National Socialism, Lucie dropped out of the
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Several members of the Frank and Holländer families fled Germany, including Otto's mother and sister, who fled to Switzerland, and Edith's two brothers, Julius and Walter, who fled to the
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out of Auschwitz. But when she entered the sick barracks of the men's camp, she recognized Otto Frank and had a warm reunion with him. Eight years later, Otto married Eva's widowed mother
714:, was published. After the war, Eva eventually built a new life in London with her husband of 60 years, Zvi Schloss, with whom she has three daughters. In May 2013, she was featured on
684:, the women's sector of the camp, she walked the mile-and-a-half distance to the men's camp to look for her father and brother, finding out much later that they had not survived the
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moved into the Secret Annex all together. They were the first occupants, and for the first few days, the only occupants, of the hiding place, having moved in on 6 July 1942.
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in late 1942. She married after the war and has lived her whole life in Amsterdam. In the group picture of Anne's 10th birthday party, Lucie is the girl on the extreme left.
554:, then on 16 November to Auschwitz, where all three were gassed upon arrival. Sanne's sister Barbara Ledermann, who was a friend of Margot's, had, through contacts in the
241:'s testimony was that she spoke to Mrs. Van Pels through the barbed wire fence "in late January or early February". Auguste was transferred on February 6, 1945, to Raguhn (
415:) spent seven months in various work camps and escaped into a farm field in March 1945, during the confusion that resulted when the prisoner march he was on that day was
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received a photograph of Schiff as a boy, donated by one of his former classmates; it can be seen, along with the story of its donation, on the Anne Frank House website.
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after the war and, upon emigrating to America, changed her first name to "Laureen". She ultimately became a professor of foreign literature and languages at
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702:. Eva also co-authored, with Barbara Powers, an autobiography targeted to younger readers and considered a suitable companion book to Anne's diary, titled
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ID card (becoming "Barbara Waarts") and worked as a courier for the Underground. She survived the war and later married the Nobel Prize–winning biochemist
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292:(30 April 1889 – 20 December 1944; family dentist of Miep Gies and the van Pels, and known as Albert Dussel in the diary) died on 20 December 1944 in
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was the boy Anne was closest to at the time her family went into hiding, though they had only known each other about two weeks at that time. Born in
622:, whom Jacque van Maarsen described as "a sweet and sensible girl", is mentioned several times in the early part of the diary. Ilse's family had a
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268:(8 November 1926 – 10 May 1945; Hermann and Auguste's son, known as Peter in the diary and Alfred in the first manuscript) died in
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and her family in their hiding place in 1944. He was tracked down and identified as the arresting officer in October 1963 by the Nazi hunter
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troops a few weeks later. After his wife died, he emigrated to Canada in 1955 (where several of his relatives already lived) and resided in
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of dreaming that she and Peter Schiff are looking "at a book of drawings by Mary Bos". Mary and her parents had emigrated to the
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908:. All of them survived the war. In his later years, Otto Frank lamented his decision to take his own family to the Netherlands.
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856:, Gertrud and her family were able to avoid persecution in the war. Gertrud was one of the first friends in Germany with whom
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Christian, Ietje's family was able to live out the war in Amsterdam. Ietje became a teacher in later years and today lives in
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296:. His cause of death was listed in the camp records as "enterocolitis", a catch-all term that covered, among other things,
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girl who, along with her family and four other people, hid in the second and third floor rooms at the back of her father's
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retain their pseudonyms in several editions and adaptations of Anne's diary, including the Definitive Edition.
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in World War II. Helped by several trusted employees of the company, the group of eight survived in the
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his daughter had kept during their period of confinement, which had been rescued from the ransacked
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got in touch after the war. In 1949, Gertrud married Karl Trenz. She died in 2002 at the age of 85.
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was a Christian friend from the Montessori school. Lucie's mother was an adamant member of the
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355:(1995), based largely on Gies's 1987 book of the same title. She also wrote the afterword for
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168:(16 January 1900 – 6 January 1945; Anne and Margot's mother, wife of Otto) was left behind in
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are today known almost exclusively by their own names, the Franks' fellow occupants in the
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Müller, Melissa; Rita Kimber and Robert Kimber (translators), with a note from Miep Gies.
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in 1973. He died on 16 December 1981 in Toronto, after a long illness, at the age of 81.
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After Anne's diary was first published in 1947, Mary finally learned of Anne's fate.
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Antiquariaat A.Kok & Zn. B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Book #289216 provenance
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After Auschwitz: A Story of Heartbreak and Survival by the stepsister of Anne Frank
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liberated the train in which she and Gabi were being transported, reportedly to
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Anne Frank. 1929–1945. Het leven van een jong meisje. De definitieve biografie.
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39:
869:"Buddy" except Anne, who always called him "Bernd". He was a very talented
383:
on 26 January 1993 in Amsterdam. He and Miep had been married for 52 years.
1709:
1876:
518:
380:
363:
145:
84:
79:
923:, first-cousin of Frank's mother. Holocaust survivor, wrote the memoir
845:
764:
657:
638:
559:
435:
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on foot and by bicycle, he remained in hiding there until liberated by
326:
301:
1198:
Inside Anne Frank's House: An Illustrated Journey Through Anne's World
2073:
2023:
901:
by Goodrich and Hackett. Charlotte died in Amsterdam on 13 June 1985.
677:
613:
526:
510:
486:
416:
193:
76:
874:
530:
400:
253:
91:, survived the war and upon his return to Amsterdam was given the
71:, Anne and her elder sister Margot were eventually transported to
60:
also kept a diary, but no trace of Margot's diary was ever found.
1601:
The Biography of Anne Frank – Roses from the Earth
403:
in 1952. He died at his office desk of a stroke in 1959, aged 62.
337:. She was appointed a "Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau" by
35:
1723:
1372:
Eva's Story: A Survivor's Tale by the Stepsister of Anne Frank
694:
Eva's Story: A Survivor's Tale by the Stepsister of Anne Frank
1719:
1676:
1637:, compiled by H. J. J. Hardy, second edition. Doubleday 2003.
1422:"Anne Frank's step-sister highlights post-Holocaust traumas"
1093:"The story of Anne Frank: Otto Frank goes back in Amsterdam"
710:. In 2013, Eva Schloss' memoir of life after the Holocaust,
172:
when her daughters and Auguste van Pels were transferred to
1397:
The Promise: The Moving Story of a Family in the Holocaust
1255:. The Netherlands: Anne Frank Foundation. 2012. p. 82
578:
Ruud Sanders and still lives in Amsterdam, where she is a
1318:"Holocaust survivor Hanna Pick-Goslar passes away at 93"
852:, Gertrud kept contact with them through letters. Being
582:
and has written four books on their notable friendship:
537:
of ten. She died on October 28, 2022, at the age of 93.
1631:
The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition
1534:. Georgia Commission on the Holocaust. Archived from
34:(12 June 1929 – February 1945) was a German-born
2152:
2108:
2061:
1984:
1951:
1910:
1869:
1838:
1791:
1782:
1757:
329:, and in 1995, received the highest honor from the
982:(24 October 1916 – 15 August 2003) and her sister
925:From the Hell of the Holocaust: A Survivor's Story
1491:. p. Plate and caption following p. 48.
1278:"Miep Gies, Protector of Anne Frank, Dies at 100"
148:claims that it was a forgery or fake. He died in
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
2120:Ludwig-Richter-Schule (Margot's first school)
1735:
948:(Nazi Security Service) officer who arrested
245:in Germany), then to the Czechoslovakia camp
8:
1252:Who was who In and Around the Secret Annexe?
1143:"Anne Frank house: Otto Frank and the diary"
450:Boulevard of the Righteous Among the Nations
2123:Varrentrapp-Schule (Margot's second school)
571:Jacqueline Yvonne Meta "Jacque" van Maarsen
448:, with a tree planted in his honour on the
192:(16 February 1926 – February 1945) died of
1788:
1742:
1728:
1720:
426:. Working his way back to his hometown of
375:and, for part of the war, a member of the
258:Peter van Pels wearing a (barely visible)
1370:Eva Schloss; Evelyn Julia Kent (2010) .
840:was a friend, companion, and occasional
525:. After recovering, Hannah emigrated to
438:. On September 16, 1958, he appeared on
1395:Schloss, Eva; Powers, Barbara (2008) .
1024:
1276:Goldstein, Richard (11 January 2010).
1271:
1269:
501:Hannah Elisabeth "Hanneli" Pick-Goslar
477:(Bep's father, known as Mr. Vossen in
1683:Anne Frank: A Biography of a Lifetime
1648:Eva Schloss, with Evelyn Julia Kent.
1583:The official Anne Frank House website
778:conflicted and nervous member of the
593:My Name Is Anne, She Said, Anne Frank
7:
2171:Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect
1579:"Who Betrayed the People in Hiding?"
1420:Goldsmith, Belinda (April 8, 2013).
881:in Amsterdam).(Müller, p. 270).
767:after the war. (Müller p. 290).
142:Elfride "Fritzi" Markovits-Geiringer
1690:The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank
1489:The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank
1007:The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank
87:for the two sisters. Their father,
83:can be viewed at Belsen today is a
877:(a separate organization from the
367:(Miep's husband, known as Henk in
25:
2160:Cultural depictions of Anne Frank
2214:
2213:
1708:
339:Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
210:
75:, which was swept by a massive
2240:Lists of people by association
1346:"Hello Silberberg passed away"
865:Bernhard (Bernd) "Buddy" Elias
1:
2127:Anne Frank Educational Centre
730:was a schoolmate from Anne's
666:. He died in 2015 at age 89.
294:Neuengamme concentration camp
1715:People related to Anne Frank
1618:. Metropolitan books, 2000.
1196:Westrra, Hans (2004-11-18).
1149:. 2015-12-22. Archived from
63:After spending time in both
1959:Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper
1773:Tales from the Secret Annex
979:Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper
690:Elfriede (Fritzi) Geiringer
605:Nanette "Nanny" Konig-Blitz
494:Friends and extended family
335:Righteous Among the Nations
327:Federal Republic of Germany
116:The other occupants of the
2261:
650:Helmuth "Hello" Silberberg
629:Sobibór extermination camp
391:(known as Mr. Koophuis in
341:. In 1996, Gies shared an
2209:
1902:Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl
1766:The Diary of a Young Girl
1616:Anne Frank: The Biography
1173:The Diary of a Young Girl
1000:The Diary of a Young Girl
832:Portland State University
699:And Then They Came for Me
663:And Then They Came for Me
542:Susanne "Sanne" Ledermann
479:The Diary of a Young Girl
474:Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl
462:The Diary of a Young Girl
460:(known as Elli Vossen in
413:The Diary of a Young Girl
393:The Diary of a Young Girl
369:The Diary of a Young Girl
2177:Anne Frank Shoah Library
2137:Anne Frank Neighbourhood
1662:Jacqueline van Maarsen.
1585:. 2018-09-28. p. 4.
1304:Anne Frank The Biography
844:of Anne and Margot's in
616:. (Müller, p. 269).
411:(known as Mr. Kraler in
2132:Jewish Museum Frankfurt
2026:-Frankenberger Viertel)
1666:. Vantage Press, 1996.
1599:Lee, Carol Ann (2000).
963:The Diary of Anne Frank
898:The Diary of Anne Frank
817:Hannelore "Hansi" Klein
279:International Red Cross
2008:: Ganghoferstraße 24 (
1938:Jacqueline van Maarsen
1692:. Random House, 1991.
771:Lucia "Lucie" van Dijk
708:Amsterdam's war museum
654:Gelsenkirchen, Germany
349:for their documentary
263:
2079:Anne Frank Foundation
2046:: Prinsengracht 263 (
1717:at Wikimedia Commons
1652:. Castle-Kent, 1988.
1532:holocaust.georgia.gov
1503:"Schneider, Mary Bos"
1050:"The main characters"
879:Anne Frank Foundation
598:Inheriting Anne Frank
588:My Friend, Anne Frank
352:Anne Frank Remembered
262:; photo May–July 1942
257:
2100:Statue of Anne Frank
1664:My Friend Anne Frank
1485:Willy Lindwer, Willy
1200:. pp. 210–211.
1056:. 25 September 2018.
790:Rie "Ietje" Swillens
744:Käthe "Kitty" Egyedi
576:childhood sweetheart
545:was Anne's constant
2141:Anne-Frank-Schule (
2032:: Merwedeplein 37 (
1973:(arresting officer)
1961:(reporter of death)
1923:Nanette Blitz Konig
1681:Sawyer, Kem Knapp.
805:Martha van den Berg
754:Cissy van Marxveldt
533:, and ultimately a
446:Yad Vashem Memorial
206:The Van Pels family
42:company during the
2195:Anne Frank Schools
2165:Anne Frank Zentrum
1994:: Marbachweg 307 (
1967:(security service)
1677:Dutch Jewry Search
1635:Arnold J. Pomerans
1541:on 20 January 2015
1323:The Jerusalem Post
1282:The New York Times
1222:"Auguste van Pels"
1054:Anne Frank Website
819:(Laureen Nussbaum)
801:Juultje Ketellaper
264:
170:Auschwitz-Birkenau
2227:
2226:
2095:Anne Frank School
2022:: Pastorplatz 1 (
2010:Frankfurt am Main
1996:Frankfurt am Main
1980:
1979:
1928:Barbara Ledermann
1829:Jean-Michel Frank
1713:Media related to
1507:toto.lib.unca.edu
1454:. bbc.co.uk. 2013
1326:. 28 October 2022
1302:Müller, Melissa.
1182:978-0-385-47378-1
1122:www.annefrank.org
945:Sicherheitsdienst
932:Arresting officer
885:Charlotte Kaletta
635:Lutz Peter Schiff
556:Dutch Underground
441:To Tell the Truth
322:Dutch Underground
16:(Redirected from
2252:
2217:
2216:
2200:Anne Frank Prize
2183:Anne Frank Fonds
2084:Anne Frank House
1971:Karl Silberbauer
1943:Laureen Nussbaum
1892:Johannes Kleiman
1856:Hermann van Pels
1851:Auguste van Pels
1789:
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1688:Lindwer, Willy.
1587:
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1509:. Archived from
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1432:on March 6, 2016
1428:. Archived from
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954:Simon Wiesenthal
939:Karl Silberbauer
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644:Anne Frank House
388:Johannes Kleiman
377:Dutch Resistance
235:Auguste van Pels
221:Hermann van Pels
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1399:. Penguin UK.
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2202:(literature)
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2005:
1991:
1897:Bep Voskuijl
1819:(stepsister)
1811:Margot Frank
1783:
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1629:Anne Frank.
1615:
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1594:Bibliography
1582:
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1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1536:the original
1531:
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1511:the original
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1430:the original
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1230:the original
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1151:the original
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1126:. Retrieved
1124:. 2011-03-31
1121:
1112:
1101:. Retrieved
1099:. 2010-03-14
1096:
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1076:. Retrieved
1074:. 2021-08-06
1071:
1068:"Otto Frank"
1062:
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118:Secret Annex
117:
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58:Margot Frank
51:
29:
28:
26:
1823:Buddy Elias
1817:Eva Schloss
1805:Edith Frank
1650:Eva's Story
716:BBC Radio 4
674:Eva Schloss
620:Ilse Wagner
535:grandmother
529:, became a
507:Switzerland
309:The helpers
282:imprisoned.
274:death march
165:Edith Frank
158:lung cancer
154:Switzerland
138:death march
110:Eva Schloss
48:Netherlands
2245:Anne Frank
2234:Categories
2191:(asteroid)
1985:Residences
1799:Otto Frank
1751:Anne Frank
1603:. Viking.
1545:20 January
1525:"Mary Bos"
1330:30 October
1259:2015-02-25
1236:2012-07-23
1157:2016-01-15
1128:2016-01-15
1103:2016-01-15
1078:2021-08-06
1019:References
950:Anne Frank
889:common law
871:ice skater
858:Otto Frank
842:babysitter
824:chatterbox
795:Amstelveen
784:Jeugdstorm
780:Jeugdstorm
732:Montessori
580:bookbinder
552:Westerbork
483:achterhuis
331:Yad Vashem
270:Mauthausen
243:Buchenwald
215:achterhuis
182:exhaustion
178:starvation
150:Birsfelden
133:Otto Frank
97:achterhuis
89:Otto Frank
65:Westerbork
53:achterhuis
31:Anne Frank
2179:(Leipzig)
2143:Dornbusch
2116:Dornbusch
2109:Frankfurt
2062:Amsterdam
2048:Amsterdam
2044:1942-1944
2034:Amsterdam
2030:1934-1942
2020:1933-1934
2014:Dornbusch
2006:1931-1933
2000:Dornbusch
1992:1929-1931
1882:Miep Gies
1839:In hiding
1436:April 13,
1287:18 August
854:Christian
850:Amsterdam
828:physician
610:São Paulo
547:companion
517:when the
428:Hilversum
424:Spitfires
397:Red Cross
347:Jon Blair
316:Miep Gies
298:dysentery
225:Auschwitz
101:Miep Gies
69:Auschwitz
40:Amsterdam
2219:Category
2167:(Berlin)
2086:(museum)
1877:Jan Gies
1831:(cousin)
1825:(cousin)
1813:(sister)
1807:(mother)
1801:(father)
1118:"Fritzi"
993:See also
942:was the
891:wife of
728:Mary Bos
682:Birkenau
590:(1996),
586:(1990),
519:Russians
432:Canadian
381:diabetes
371:) was a
364:Jan Gies
146:Neo-Nazi
85:cenotaph
80:epidemic
2185:(Basel)
1911:Friends
1870:Helpers
1426:Reuters
985:Lientje
846:Germany
810:Sobibór
765:dentist
704:Promise
658:Belgium
639:pendant
600:(2009).
436:Toronto
421:British
417:strafed
302:cholera
46:of the
2074:Opekta
2054:-West)
2024:Aachen
1952:Others
1792:Family
1784:People
1696:
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1458:4 June
1403:
1378:
1355:23 May
1204:
1179:
887:, the
678:tomboy
614:Brazil
560:German
527:Israel
511:typhus
487:cancer
333:, the
229:gassed
194:typhus
77:typhus
36:Jewish
2153:World
1758:Books
1539:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
967:1972.
875:Basel
672:(now
531:nurse
401:Basel
345:with
156:from
93:diary
1694:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1547:2015
1460:2013
1438:2013
1401:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1357:2016
1332:2022
1289:2012
1202:ISBN
1177:ISBN
803:and
513:and
300:and
277:the
180:and
124:The
67:and
775:NSB
756:'s
718:'s
419:by
196:in
99:by
2236::
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