210:
202:
25:
93:
364:, a piece of German artillery which was constructed of three artillery barrels welded together. It had a range of 75 miles and its appearance was a major surprise to Parisians in 1917 who had previously only come under attack from German aircraft, since previous artillery reached a maximum of thirty miles.
267:
personally led a search for a suitable husband for Bertha and successfully proposed Gustav von Bohlen und
Halbach, a professional diplomat of good family and a familiar figure at the Kaiser's court. They were married on October 15, 1906 and Bertha became sole owner of the company with Gustav adding
412:
had the right to use the Krupp surname. Arndt (1938–1986) had, in 1966, refused to take his family's inheritance, so he lost the right to the Krupp surname. Because of that, with the death of Bertha in 1957 and, later, with the death of her son
Alfried in 1967, the Krupp surname became extinct. Any
388:
in relation to the Krupp company's use and mistreatment of concentration camp inmates as slave labour in Krupp factories—particularly at the
Berthawerk, a factory near the Markstadt forced labour camp, which was named after Bertha. He was sentenced to twelve years in prison and the confiscation of
396:
In 1951 Bertha Krupp returned with
Alfried to Essen, where Alfried resumed control of the company and rapidly restored it to a dominant position in the German economy, (although it no longer made armaments). She had become a much-loved figure in the city, known for her charitable work and her
337:(1922–1945). Of these only Alfried as the eldest son took the surname Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach. The others used the surname von Bohlen und Halbach. Claus and Eckbert were killed on active service in World War II, and Harald spent ten years in captivity in the
262:
Friedrich Krupp died in 1902, leaving Bertha as the heiress to the Krupp interests. However, it was considered unsuitable for a woman to exercise control over the vast Krupp coal, steel and state-connected armaments empire.
461:"KRUPP WEDDING GIFT $ 500,000 TO WORKMEN; Emperor at Church Marriage of Miss Krupp and Lieut. Bohlen. CHANGES BRIDEGROom's NAME Also Alludes to Bride's "Sainted Father" and the Aggressive Egoism of the Present Generation"
259:. Upon his death the following year, her father Friedrich inherited ownership and control. Her sister Barbara was born in 1887 (d. 1972), but the absence of a male heir put the future of the company in doubt.
377:, which passed full ownership of the Krupp empire—which was vital to Germany's war effort—from Bertha to her son Alfried, who then assumed control of the company. Bertha took Gustav to a family estate in
255:, home of the Krupp family and their company since the 16th century. Her mother was Baroness Margrethe von Enden. At the time of Bertha's birth the company was owned and managed by her grandfather
384:
In 1945 Gustav was indicted as a war criminal, but was declared medically unfit to stand trial. He died in 1950. Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und
Halbach was indicted on charges of
616:
209:
460:
689:
433:
348:, the Krupp company manufactured large mortars that the German army used to bombard forts in Belgium and France. German troops nicknamed these
585:
240:
600:
236:
504:
68:
46:
520:
552:
268:
the name Krupp to his surname and assuming executive control of the company. Barbara received a large cash settlement in lieu.
201:
478:
413:
members of the family with the Krupp name are cousins whose common ancestor dates back to the early 19th century or earlier.
400:
Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und
Halbach died in Essen on 21 September 1957. She was buried in the family crypt outside the city.
621:
321:
409:
299:
408:
By the time of Bertha's death she had 5 living children, and many grandchildren, but only
Alfried and his only child
389:
all his property. He served five years in prison before being freed in 1951 when the US High
Commissioner in Germany,
316:
332:
294:
327:
310:
305:
272:
277:
39:
33:
524:
385:
231:
family, Germany's leading industrial dynasty of the 19th and 20th centuries. As the elder child and heir of
595:
434:"Frau Krupp Dies In Germany At 71. Ex-Head of Munition Works Was Bertha for Whom Big Gun of '18 Was Named"
367:
After Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und
Halbach suffered a stroke in 1941, his health declined sharply. In 1943
232:
190:
141:
50:
684:
353:
283:
679:
674:
235:
she was the sole proprietor of the Krupp industrial empire from 1902 to 1943, although her husband,
545:
352:("Big Bertha") after Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach. Allied troops used the translated name, "
92:
438:
118:
500:
264:
288:
214:
239:, ran the company in her name. In 1943 ownership of the company was transferred to her son
575:
497:
The Arms of Krupp: The Rise and Fall of the
Industrial Dynasty that Armed Germany at War
538:
390:
114:
668:
378:
122:
653:
580:
368:
338:
256:
145:
637:
356:," to refer to all German long-range artillery, particularly those that shelled
345:
393:, granted clemency, after deciding that there was no danger of a Nazi revival.
271:
Gustav and Bertha had eight children: Alfried (1907–1967), Arnold (1908-1909),
373:
361:
397:
frequent visits to injured or ill Krupp workers and their families.
561:
357:
252:
228:
110:
534:
360:
in 1918. However, "Big Bertha" entered the lexicon due to the
18:
479:
The secret weapon of the great war, Revista Cubana de FĂsica
227:; 29 March 1886 – 21 September 1957) was a member of the
530:
499:(March 4, 2003 ed.). Back Bay Books. p. 992.
205:
Bertha with Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, 1927
646:
630:
609:
568:
186:
178:
152:
129:
99:
83:
381:, where they remained until the end of the war.
617:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation
546:
8:
553:
539:
531:
91:
80:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:
200:
32:This article includes a list of general
16:Industrial dynasty matriarch (1886–1957)
422:
428:
426:
7:
586:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
601:Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
237:Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
221:Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
158:Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
85:Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
23:
481:, 35(1) 2018, págs. 60-66.
168:
690:People from the Rhine Province
1:
622:Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft
371:issued a decree known as the
213:Bertha with family, 1928, by
195:Baroness Margrethe von Enden
495:William Manchester (1968).
706:
251:Bertha Krupp was born in
90:
525:German National Library
386:crimes against humanity
53:more precise citations.
596:Friedrich Alfred Krupp
233:Friedrich Alfred Krupp
217:
206:
191:Friedrich Alfred Krupp
142:North Rhine-Westphalia
212:
204:
477:Triana, J. Ruiz, J.
442:. September 22, 1957
467:. 16 October 1906.
465:The New York Times
439:The New York Times
218:
207:
119:Kingdom of Prussia
662:
661:
265:Kaiser Wilhelm II
199:
198:
133:21 September 1957
79:
78:
71:
697:
555:
548:
541:
532:
510:
482:
475:
469:
468:
457:
451:
450:
448:
447:
430:
336:
326:(1920–2005) and
325:
314:
303:
292:
281:
215:Nicola Perscheid
172:
170:
136:
95:
81:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
705:
704:
700:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
665:
664:
663:
658:
642:
626:
605:
576:Friedrich Krupp
564:
559:
517:
507:
494:
491:
489:Further reading
486:
485:
476:
472:
459:
458:
454:
445:
443:
432:
431:
424:
419:
406:
330:
319:
308:
297:
286:
275:
249:
194:
174:
171: 1907)
166:
162:
159:
148:
138:
134:
125:
108:
106:
105:
86:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
703:
701:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
667:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
650:
648:
644:
643:
641:
640:
634:
632:
628:
627:
625:
624:
619:
613:
611:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
572:
570:
566:
565:
560:
558:
557:
550:
543:
535:
529:
528:
516:
515:External links
513:
512:
511:
505:
490:
487:
484:
483:
470:
452:
421:
420:
418:
415:
405:
402:
391:John J. McCloy
248:
245:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
164:
160:
157:
156:
154:
150:
149:
139:
137:(aged 71)
131:
127:
126:
115:Rhine Province
109:
103:
101:
97:
96:
88:
87:
84:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
702:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
670:
655:
652:
651:
649:
645:
639:
636:
635:
633:
629:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
612:
610:Organizations
608:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
571:
567:
563:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
537:
536:
533:
526:
522:
519:
518:
514:
508:
506:0-316-52940-0
502:
498:
493:
492:
488:
480:
474:
471:
466:
462:
456:
453:
441:
440:
435:
429:
427:
423:
416:
414:
411:
403:
401:
398:
394:
392:
387:
382:
380:
376:
375:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
334:
329:
323:
318:
315:(1916–1985),
312:
307:
304:(1913–1987),
301:
296:
293:(1912–1998),
290:
285:
282:(1910–1940),
279:
274:
269:
266:
260:
258:
254:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
216:
211:
203:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
155:
151:
147:
143:
132:
128:
124:
123:German Empire
120:
116:
112:
107:29 March 1886
102:
98:
94:
89:
82:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2012
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
685:Krupp family
654:ThyssenKrupp
591:Bertha Krupp
590:
581:Alfred Krupp
521:Bertha Krupp
496:
473:
464:
455:
444:. Retrieved
437:
407:
399:
395:
383:
372:
369:Adolf Hitler
366:
350:Dicke Bertha
349:
343:
339:Soviet Union
270:
261:
250:
225:Bertha Krupp
224:
220:
219:
146:West Germany
135:(1957-09-21)
104:Bertha Krupp
65:
56:
37:
680:1957 deaths
675:1886 births
638:Krupp Trial
346:World War I
331: [
320: [
309: [
298: [
287: [
276: [
193:(1854–1902)
51:introducing
669:Categories
446:2013-12-24
417:References
354:Big Bertha
34:references
527:catalogue
374:Lex Krupp
362:Paris Gun
317:Waldtraut
247:Biography
187:Parent(s)
295:Berthold
179:Children
647:Related
523:in the
344:During
328:Eckbert
284:Irmgard
241:Alfried
173:
165:
161:
140:Essen,
47:improve
631:Events
569:People
503:
404:Legacy
306:Harald
257:Alfred
223:(born
153:Spouse
36:, but
562:Krupp
410:Arndt
379:Tyrol
358:Paris
335:]
324:]
313:]
302:]
291:]
280:]
273:Claus
253:Essen
229:Krupp
167:(
163:
111:Essen
501:ISBN
130:Died
100:Born
671::
463:.
436:.
425:^
341:.
333:de
322:de
311:de
300:de
289:de
278:de
243:.
169:m.
144:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
554:e
547:t
540:v
509:.
449:.
182:8
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
