95:
222:
in 1987-1988, and all
Assyrians in the region were moved to refugee camps, from which they moved to Iraqi towns or emigrated abroad to Europe, North America, or Australia. In total, all 82 villages in the sub-district of Barwari Bala were destroyed in the campaign, of which 35 villages were entirely
179:. Assyrian villages in northern Barwari were similarly pillaged and their inhabitants massacred. Until the genocide in 1915, northern Barwari was inhabited by approximately 9000 Assyrians, whilst there were c. 5000 Assyrians in southern Barwari. Survivors were transferred under
202:
in 1961, forcing a sizeable number to flee and seek refuge in Iraqi towns until most returned at the war's conclusion in 1970, during which time a few
Assyrian villages were seized and settled by Kurds. In accordance with the
198:, which prevented Assyrians from returning, whilst Assyrians in southern Barwari in Iraq were permitted to return to their original villages. The Assyrians of southern Barwari suffered major upheaval with the eruption of the
244:
Southern or lower
Barwari corresponds to the part of the region now located within northern Iraq, and encompasses Barwari Bala and Barwari Žēr. Barwari Bala ("upper Barwari" in Kurdish) is a
148:, resulting in the death or expulsion of half of the population. The region was estimated by American Presbyterian missionaries to contain 32 Assyrian villages, with 420
451:
The districts of
Barwari Sevine, Barwari Shwa'uta, Barwari Qudshanes, and Bilidjnaye were located in southeastern Turkey, and constituted northern or upper Barwari.
163:, in 1915, most Assyrian villages in Barwari Bala were destroyed and their inhabitants slaughtered by Turkish reservists and Kurdish tribesmen led by Rashid Bey,
180:
1490:
228:
122:
visited
Barwari Bala in 1846 and noted that some villages in the region were inhabited by both Assyrians and Kurds. Assyrians of Barwari Bala were
83:
in 1951. It is divided between northern
Barwari in Turkey, and southern Barwari in Iraq. The Assyrian people who inhabit this speak dialects of
1636:
284:
serves as the western boundary of
Barwari Bala. Barwari Žēr ("lower Barwari" in Kurdish) is located further to the south of Barwari Bala.
133:
211:
carried out border clearings in 1977-1978, destroying a number of
Assyrian and Kurdish villages, and displacing their population.
128:(subjects) of the Kurdish emirate of lower Barwari, whilst Assyrians in Barwari Shwa'uta were partly semi-independent and partly
1674:
191:
911:
199:
56:
574:
475:
1558:
1592:
1539:
1638:
Lest We Perish: A Forgotten
Holocaust : the Extermination of the Christian Assyrians in Turkey and Persia
1234:
470:
257:
1404:
1377:
204:
1350:
584:
459:
553:
187:
in Iraq in 1918, where they remained until most families attempted to return to their villages in 1920.
579:
545:
1458:
1207:
494:
1288:
307:
245:
1431:
347:
332:
317:
223:
inhabited by
Assyrians. Assyrians returned to rebuild their villages after the establishment of the
486:
418:
302:
292:
269:
119:
357:
297:
367:
342:
224:
149:
1261:
362:
352:
327:
312:
1645:
1180:
1598:
1492:
Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire
1463:
1436:
1409:
1382:
1355:
1293:
1266:
1239:
1212:
1185:
253:
208:
156:
1679:
88:
39:
281:
160:
68:
31:
1559:""Native Christians Massacred": The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I"
136:
of Assyrians in Barwari Bala were perpetrated by Kurdish tribes under the leadership of
506:
249:
219:
137:
1668:
1037:
1009:
981:
953:
272:
in Turkey by the Širani mountains to the north. Its eastern border is defined by the
265:
1535:
337:
261:
501:
The following villages in Barwari Qudshanes were formerly inhabited by Assyrians:
1594:
Shopping for Identity: An Economic Explanation for the Post-2003 Violence in Iraq
569:
The following villages in Barwari Shwa'uta were formerly inhabited by Assyrians:
638:
400:
395:
277:
164:
141:
454:
The following villages in Barwari Sevine were formerly inhabited by Assyrians:
1510:
Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century
215:
176:
1602:
919:
413:
The following villages in Barwari Bala were formerly inhabited by Assyrians:
287:
The following villages in Barwari Bala are currently inhabited by Assyrians:
1042:
1014:
986:
958:
322:
273:
94:
540:
The following villages in Bilidjnaye were formerly inhabited by Assyrians:
1329:
1327:
381:
107:
264:
to the south by the Matina mountains, and from the historical region of
1541:
The History of the Assyrian Church of the East in the Twentieth Century
184:
172:
17:
214:
Villages that had been spared in the late 1970s were destroyed by the
167:
of lower Barwari, whilst the survivors took refuge in the vicinity of
195:
145:
80:
76:
64:
1619:
The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913
609:
Alternatively transliterated as Barwari Sweni, or Barwari Siweene.
168:
124:
93:
84:
72:
75:, and was formerly also home to a number of Jews prior to their
60:
1584:
The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Betanure (province of Dihok)
1628:
Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide, A History
106:
The name of the region is derived from "berwar" ("slope " in
1063:
1061:
1519:
The Sung Home. Narrative, Morality, and the Kurdish Nation
878:
876:
839:
837:
1630:. Translated by James Ferguson. Oxford University Press.
783:
781:
260:. The sub-region of Barwari Bala is separated from the
1597:(PhD dissertation). University of Missouri–St. Louis.
812:
810:
808:
739:
737:
735:
618:
Alternatively transliterated as Barwari d'Shwawootha.
50:
227:
in 1991, however, the majority have remained in the
768:
766:
764:
722:
720:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
912:"Christian Communities in the Kurdistan Region"
8:
1544:. St. Ephrem's Ecumenical Research Institute
183:protection from Iran to the refugee camp at
1337:
1314:
1167:
1067:
940:
666:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
882:
843:
678:
630:
602:
1333:
1318:
1163:
1139:
898:
828:
787:
755:
743:
711:
1151:
867:
799:
7:
916:Iraqi Kurdistan Christianity Project
894:
855:
816:
772:
726:
699:
35:
982:"Derishke (Muslims and Christians)"
194:, most of Hakkari was allocated to
43:
25:
1528:The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar
1563:Genocide Studies and Prevention
1508:Donabed, Sargon George (2015).
256:, and is located alongside the
192:partition of the Ottoman Empire
1:
1517:Hamelink, Wendelmoet (2016).
1512:. Edinburgh University Press.
67:. The region is inhabited by
132:. In the 1840s, a series of
1586:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
207:between Iraq and Iran, the
51:
1696:
1617:Wilmshurst, David (2000).
118:The British archaeologist
1557:Travis, Hannibal (2006).
1635:Yonan, Gabriele (1996).
190:As a consequence of the
1626:Yacoub, Joseph (2016).
1591:Noory, Alan M. (2012).
1526:Khan, Geoffrey (2008).
1489:Aboona, Hirmis (2008).
200:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
87:, a modern form of the
1675:Geography of Kurdistan
1582:Mutzafi, Hezy (2008).
918:. 2012. Archived from
205:1975 Algiers Agreement
98:
59:mountains in northern
1621:. Peeters Publishers.
97:
55:) is a region in the
276:, beyond which lies
922:on 24 November 2020
152:families, in 1870.
120:Austen Henry Layard
1046:. 21 February 2013
990:. 26 November 2012
802:, pp. 27, 87.
258:Iraq–Turkey border
225:Iraqi no-fly zones
99:
1154:, pp. 87–88.
1068:Wilmshurst (2000)
941:Wilmshurst (2000)
758:, pp. 61–62.
648:. 7 November 2010
254:Dohuk Governorate
220:Al-Anfal campaign
157:Assyrian genocide
63:and southeastern
49:
16:(Redirected from
1687:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:on 25 March 2021
1650:
1644:. Archived from
1643:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1464:Index Anatolicus
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1437:Index Anatolicus
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1410:Index Anatolicus
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1383:Index Anatolicus
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1356:Index Anatolicus
1347:
1341:
1331:
1322:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1294:Index Anatolicus
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1267:Index Anatolicus
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1240:Index Anatolicus
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1213:Index Anatolicus
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1186:Index Anatolicus
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1018:. 11 August 2011
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
962:. 31 August 2011
950:
944:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
908:
902:
892:
886:
880:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
832:
826:
820:
814:
803:
797:
791:
785:
776:
770:
759:
753:
747:
741:
730:
724:
715:
709:
703:
697:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
643:
639:"Bahra Magazine"
635:
619:
616:
610:
607:
270:Hakkâri Province
209:Iraqi government
89:Aramaic language
54:
48:romanized:
47:
45:
37:
21:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1495:. Cambria Press
1488:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1338:Wilmshurst 2000
1336:, p. 294;
1332:
1325:
1317:, p. 295;
1315:Wilmshurst 2000
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1168:Wilmshurst 2000
1166:, p. 294;
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
980:
979:
975:
965:
963:
952:
951:
947:
939:
935:
925:
923:
910:
909:
905:
901:, pp. 5–6.
893:
889:
881:
874:
866:
862:
858:, pp. 1–2.
854:
850:
842:
835:
827:
823:
819:, pp. 2–3.
815:
806:
798:
794:
786:
779:
771:
762:
754:
750:
742:
733:
725:
718:
714:, pp. 5–6.
710:
706:
698:
685:
677:
673:
667:Hamelink (2016)
665:
661:
651:
649:
641:
637:
636:
632:
623:
622:
617:
613:
608:
604:
594:
589:
567:
538:
499:
449:
444:
411:
242:
237:
161:First World War
116:
104:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1588:
1579:
1554:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1450:
1423:
1396:
1369:
1342:
1340:, p. 294.
1323:
1321:, p. 293.
1307:
1280:
1253:
1226:
1199:
1172:
1170:, p. 295.
1156:
1144:
1142:, p. 294.
1132:
1130:, p. 302.
1128:Donabed (2015)
1120:
1118:, p. 300.
1116:Donabed (2015)
1108:
1106:, p. 293.
1104:Donabed (2015)
1096:
1094:, p. 292.
1092:Donabed (2015)
1084:
1082:, p. 298.
1080:Donabed (2015)
1072:
1070:, p. 149.
1057:
1029:
1001:
973:
945:
943:, p. 150.
933:
903:
887:
885:, p. 112.
883:Donabed (2015)
872:
870:, p. 108.
860:
848:
846:, p. 179.
844:Donabed (2015)
833:
831:, p. 334.
821:
804:
792:
790:, p. 115.
777:
760:
748:
731:
716:
704:
683:
679:Mutzafi (2008)
671:
669:, p. 351.
659:
646:Bahra Magazine
629:
621:
620:
611:
601:
600:
593:
590:
588:
587:
582:
577:
571:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
551:
548:
542:
537:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
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503:
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497:
492:
489:
484:
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478:
473:
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448:
445:
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442:
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410:
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403:
398:
393:
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387:
384:
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365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
250:Amedi District
241:
238:
236:
233:
138:Bedir Khan Beg
115:
112:
103:
100:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1692:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:Mooken, Aprem
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:Aboona (2008)
1136:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
989:
988:
983:
977:
974:
961:
960:
955:
949:
946:
942:
937:
934:
921:
917:
913:
907:
904:
900:
897:, p. 1;
896:
891:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
829:Travis (2006)
825:
822:
818:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
796:
793:
789:
788:Yacoub (2016)
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
756:Mooken (2003)
752:
749:
746:, p. 87.
745:
744:Aboona (2008)
740:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
712:Aboona (2008)
708:
705:
701:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
672:
668:
663:
660:
647:
640:
634:
631:
628:
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612:
606:
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586:
583:
581:
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547:
544:
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541:
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531:
528:
525:
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502:
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111:
109:
101:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
41:
33:
29:
19:
1653:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1637:
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1569:(3): 327–372
1566:
1562:
1546:. Retrieved
1540:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:Bibliography
1468:. Retrieved
1462:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1292:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1238:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1159:
1152:Yonan (1996)
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1048:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
985:
976:
964:. Retrieved
957:
948:
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
915:
906:
890:
868:Noory (2012)
863:
851:
824:
800:Yonan (1996)
795:
775:, p. 2.
751:
729:, p. 3.
707:
702:, p. 1.
681:, p. 8.
674:
662:
650:. Retrieved
645:
633:
625:
624:
614:
605:
596:
595:
568:
539:
500:
453:
450:
412:
389:Cham Dostina
333:Beṯ Shmiyāye
308:Tūṯā Shamāyā
286:
262:Sapna valley
246:sub-district
243:
213:
189:
154:
129:
123:
117:
105:
27:
26:
1608:6 September
1573:3 September
1334:Aboona 2008
1319:Aboona 2008
1235:"Çaltıkoru"
1164:Aboona 2008
1050:4 September
1022:4 September
994:4 September
966:4 September
899:Aboona 2008
856:Khan (2008)
817:Khan (2008)
773:Khan (2008)
727:Khan (2008)
700:Khan (2008)
396:Kani Balavi
323:Aïnā d'Nūne
278:Nerwa Rekan
266:Lower Tyari
252:within the
155:Amidst the
1669:Categories
1470:10 October
1459:"Damlacık"
1443:10 October
1416:10 October
1389:10 October
1362:10 October
1300:10 October
1273:10 October
1246:10 October
1219:10 October
1208:"Kaymaklı"
1192:10 October
592:References
460:Ḥardālānīs
438:Maghribiya
358:Beṯ Balōkā
280:, and the
216:Iraqi Army
77:emigration
1603:794855377
1548:27 August
1499:27 August
1405:"Kolbaşı"
1378:"Odabaşı"
1289:"Doğanca"
1262:"Akbulut"
1043:Ishtar TV
1015:Ishtar TV
987:Ishtar TV
959:Ishtar TV
954:"Beqolke"
895:Khan 2008
626:Citations
558:Beṯ Respi
529:Beṯ Ḥājīj
507:Qūdshānīs
471:Shmūnīnīs
441:Tirwanish
303:Beṯ Kolke
274:Great Zab
235:Geography
150:Nestorian
134:massacres
102:Etymology
69:Assyrians
1538:(2003).
1530:. Brill.
1521:. Brill.
1432:"Yuvalı"
1351:"Kapılı"
1181:"Tepeli"
1038:"Khwara"
926:5 August
652:23 April
585:Dairikki
580:Sāqerran
575:Shwāwūṯā
517:Tīrqōnīs
511:Beṯ Nānō
464:Qōṭrānīs
419:Alqōshtā
386:Sardasht
382:Betanure
318:Derishke
293:Tarshīsh
229:diaspora
44:بهرواری
1680:Hakkari
564:Nauberi
523:Sōrīnes
487:Qūrānīs
467:Aḥwānīs
435:Dargeli
429:Beluzan
423:Avsarke
408:Chaqala
372:Merkaje
368:Mūsākān
348:Malakṯā
218:in the
185:Baqubah
181:British
173:Salamas
159:in the
114:History
108:Kurdish
57:Hakkari
52:Berwarî
40:Kurdish
28:Barwari
18:Berwari
1601:
1010:"Iqri"
546:Derres
535:Chāros
532:Peḥḥen
526:Tarmel
483:Ṣallan
476:Sīwīne
447:Turkey
432:Butara
392:Khwara
375:Qasrka
363:Hayyis
328:Hayyat
282:Khabur
196:Turkey
146:Bohtan
81:Israel
65:Turkey
32:Syriac
1655:7 May
1649:(PDF)
1642:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
597:Notes
554:Dāden
550:Āwert
520:Kīgar
514:Nerwā
491:Karme
480:Espen
426:Bazif
401:Jelek
343:Helwā
298:Jdīdā
169:Urmia
130:rayah
125:rayah
85:Suret
73:Kurds
1657:2020
1610:2020
1599:OCLC
1575:2020
1550:2020
1501:2020
1472:2023
1445:2023
1418:2023
1391:2023
1364:2023
1302:2023
1275:2023
1248:2023
1221:2023
1194:2023
1052:2020
1024:2020
996:2020
968:2020
928:2020
654:2020
561:Ālāṣ
495:Ōret
405:Iden
353:Aqrī
338:Dūre
313:Māyā
240:Iraq
177:Iran
171:and
71:and
61:Iraq
36:ܒܪܘܪ
378:Baz
268:in
248:in
175:in
165:Mir
144:of
142:Mir
110:).
79:to
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30:(
20:)
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