528:
433:; closed beta versions are released to a restricted group of individuals for a user test by invitation, while open beta testers are from a larger group, or anyone interested. Private beta could be suitable for the software that is capable of delivering value but is not ready to be used by everyone either due to scaling issues, lack of documentation or still missing vital features. The testers report any bugs that they find, and sometimes suggest additional features they think should be available in the final version.
718:
used to denote the pre-announcement test and the beta test was used to show product readiness for general availability. Martin Belsky, a manager on some of IBM's earlier software projects claimed to have invented the terminology. IBM dropped the alpha/beta terminology during the 1960s, but by then it had received fairly wide notice. The usage of "beta test" to refer to testing done by customers was not done in IBM. Rather, IBM used the term "field test".
564:
software and related hardware is ultimately to be available and sold on mass/public basis at retail stores to indicate that the software has met a defined quality level and is ready for mass retail distribution. RTM could also mean in other contexts that the software has been delivered or released to a client or customer for installation or distribution to the related hardware end user computers or machines. The term does
578:
342:, is the software development phase following alpha. A beta phase generally begins when the software is feature-complete but likely to contain several known or unknown bugs. Software in the beta phase will generally have many more bugs in it than completed software and speed or performance issues, and may still cause crashes or data loss. The focus of beta testing is reducing impacts on users, often incorporating
818:
36:
146:
511:) releases which are based on full releases that have already been tried and tested and receive only security updates. This allows developers to allocate more time toward product development instead of updating code or finding and fixing newly introduced bugs due to outdated assumptions about the used system, language, or underlying libraries.
717:
of a new product before the public announcement. The "B" test was the verification before releasing the product to be manufactured. The "C" test was the final test before the general availability of the product. As software became a significant part of IBM's offerings, the alpha test terminology was
390:
are people who actively report issues with beta software. They are usually customers or representatives of prospective customers of the organization that develops the software. Beta testers tend to volunteer their services free of charge but often receive versions of the product they test, discounts
164:
Some software, particularly in the internet and technology industries, is released in a perpetual beta state, meaning that it is continuously being updated and improved, and is never considered to be a fully completed product. This approach allows for a more agile development process and enables the
696:
After the end-of-life date, the developer will usually not implement any new features, fix existing defects, bugs, or vulnerabilities (whether known before that date or not), or provide any support for the product. If the developer wishes, they may release the source code, so the platform will live
563:
RTM is typically used in certain retail mass-production software contexts—as opposed to a specialized software production or project in a commercial or government production and distribution—where the software is sold as part of a bundle in a related computer hardware sale and typically where the
547:
The term "release to manufacturing" (RTM), also known as "going gold", is a term used when a software product is ready to be delivered. This build may be digitally signed, allowing the end user to verify the integrity and authenticity of the software purchase. A copy of the RTM build known as the
608:
activities have been completed and a software product is available for purchase, depending, however, on language, region, and electronic vs. media availability. Commercialization activities could include security and compliance tests, as well as localization and worldwide availability. The time
461:
when the development team agrees that no entirely new source code will be added to this release. There could still be source code changes to fix defects, changes to documentation and data files, and peripheral code for test cases or utilities. Beta testers, if privately selected, will often be
237:
Alpha software is not thoroughly tested by the developer before it is released to customers. Alpha software may contain serious errors, and any resulting instability could cause crashes or data loss. Alpha software may not contain all of the features that are planned for the final version. In
657:
editions. Such service releases contain a collection of updates, fixes, and enhancements, delivered in the form of a single installable package. They may also implement new features. Some software is released with the expectation of regular support. Classes of software that generally involve
684:
When software is no longer sold or supported, the product is said to have reached end-of-life, to be discontinued, retired, deprecated, abandoned, or obsolete, but user loyalty may continue its existence for some time, even long after its platform is obsolete—e.g., the
568:
define the delivery mechanism or volume; it only states that the quality is sufficient for mass distribution. The deliverable from the engineering organization is frequently in the form of a golden master media used for duplication or to produce the image for the web.
354:, depending on whether they are openly available or only available to a limited audience. Beta version software is often useful for demonstrations and previews within an organization and to prospective customers. Some developers refer to this stage as a
158:. Beta testing is the next phase, in which the software is tested by a larger group of users, typically outside of the organization that developed it. The beta phase is focused on reducing impacts on users and may include usability testing.
609:
between RTM and GA can take from days to months before a generally available release can be declared, due to the time needed to complete all commercialization activities required by GA. At this stage, the software has "gone live".
628:
is a means of software delivery that utilizes the
Internet for distribution. No physical media are produced in this type of release mechanism by the manufacturer. Web releases have become more common as Internet usage grew.
556:. RTM precedes general availability (GA) when the product is released to the public. A golden master build (GM) is typically the final build of a piece of software in the beta stages for developers. Typically, for
436:
Open betas serve the dual purpose of demonstrating a product to potential consumers, and testing among a wide user base is likely to bring to light obscure errors that a much smaller testing team might not find.
153:
Pre-alpha refers to the early stages of development, when the software is still being designed and built. Alpha testing is the first phase of formal testing, during which the software is tested internally using
457:
emerge. In this stage of product stabilization, all product features have been designed, coded, and tested through one or more beta cycles with no known showstopper-class bugs. A release is called
462:
credited for using the release candidate as though it were a finished product. Beta testing is conducted in a client's or customer's location and to test the software from a user's perspective.
519:
Once released, the software is generally known as a "stable release". The formal term often depends on the method of release: physical media, online release, or a web application.
666:. Continuing with this Windows XP example, Microsoft did offer paid updates for five more years after the end of extended support. This means that support ended on April 8, 2019.
1215:
896:
161:
After beta testing, the software may go through one or more release candidate phases, in which it is refined and tested further, before the final version is released.
1499:
1467:
552:" or GM is sent for mass duplication or disc replication if applicable. The terminology is taken from the audio record-making industry, specifically the process of
142:). It typically consists of several stages, such as pre-alpha, alpha, beta, and release candidate, before the final version, or "gold", is released to the public.
943:
1167:
713:. Similar terminologies for IBM's software development were used by people involved with IBM from at least the 1950s (and probably earlier). "A" test was the
53:
453:), also known as gamma testing or "going silver", is a beta version with the potential to be a stable product, which is ready to release unless significant
1260:
770:
published an article about the phenomenon of a beta version often staying for years and being used as if it were at the production level. It noted that
1361:
350:
and is typically the first time that the software is available outside of the organization that developed it. Software beta releases can be either
1403:
778:, for example, had been in beta for a long time although widely used; Google News left beta in January 2006, followed by Google Apps (now named
1040:
1007:
953:
645:, sometimes also called "interim releases" or "maintenance releases" (MR). For example, Microsoft released three major service packs for the
721:
Major public betas developed afterward, with early customers having purchased a "pioneer edition" of the WordVision word processor for the
917:
413:
has facilitated the rapid and inexpensive distribution of software, companies have begun to take a looser approach to the use of the word
100:
1492:
72:
663:
119:
79:
1207:
486:) which has passed all stages of verification and tests. Any known remaining bugs are considered acceptable. This release goes to
831:
1551:
1134:
1485:
836:
178:
Pre-alpha refers to all activities performed during the software project before formal testing. These activities can include
86:
57:
1534:
1429:
247:
243:
1459:
1027:
Microsoft
Secrets: How the World's Most Powerful Software Company Creates Technology, Shapes Markets, and Manages People
68:
823:
1159:
886:
1850:
1730:
1309:
1104:
Amit Mehra, Rajib Lochan Saha (2017-06-19). "Utilizing Public Betas and Free Trials to Launch a
Software Product".
1061:
977:
686:
46:
1906:
1845:
1571:
1236:
409:, where new features are continually added to the software without establishing a final "stable" release. As the
258:
at the supplier's site (the alpha test) and immediately before the general release of the software as a product.
1382:
1755:
582:
527:
1264:
1875:
1349:
799:
250:, indicating that no more features will be added to the software. At this time, the software is said to be
1694:
1566:
841:
487:
93:
1714:
1556:
1508:
714:
590:
179:
1407:
729:
wrote that "in a brilliant marketing coup, Bruce and James
Program Publishers managed to get people to
697:
again, and be maintained by volunteers, and if not, it may be reverse-engineered later when it becomes
1805:
1689:
1679:
1561:
1544:
987:
Alpha software generally barely runs and is missing major features like gameplay and complete levels.
802:
launched in 2014 are termed "Insider
Preview builds". "Beta" may also indicate something more like a
742:
291:
283:
239:
230:
techniques, by another testing team. Moving to black-box testing inside the organization is known as
195:
187:
1810:
1795:
1592:
866:
861:
846:
675:
1285:
1056:
1870:
1860:
1815:
1529:
851:
659:
494:
255:
202:
versions include specific sets of functions and are released as soon as the feature is complete.
921:
1885:
1825:
1800:
1624:
1353:
1338:
1188:
1036:
1032:
1003:
949:
646:
638:
605:
553:
549:
503:
343:
302:
223:
219:
155:
1699:
1516:
779:
654:
333:
322:
287:
275:
227:
211:
139:
560:, it is the final build before a major release, however, there have been a few exceptions.
1880:
1855:
1837:
1704:
1641:
1597:
1080:
856:
586:
183:
637:
During its supported lifetime, the software is sometimes subjected to service releases,
745:
operating system was released. Between
September 2005 and May 2006, Microsoft released
540:
400:
215:
577:
1900:
1760:
1539:
1334:
1066:
1025:
982:
754:
726:
531:
326:
218:, used as the number 1). In this phase, developers generally test the software using
138:
is the process of developing, testing, and distributing a software product (e.g., an
1142:
1684:
1646:
1634:
1609:
1286:"[cdesktopenv-devel] CDE 2.2.1 released | CDE - Common Desktop Environment"
642:
454:
380:
298:
279:
191:
246:
often has publicly available alpha versions. The alpha phase usually ends with a
1865:
1790:
1740:
1604:
1343:
891:
817:
775:
698:
690:
679:
35:
1437:
1772:
1745:
1709:
813:
738:
650:
1357:
1820:
1767:
1663:
1651:
787:
783:
759:
535:
165:
software to be released and used by users earlier in the development cycle.
145:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1524:
1404:"Microsoft Windows Vista October Community Technology Preview Fact Sheet"
410:
271:
1477:
1313:
17:
1750:
1735:
1656:
1084:
305:, as well as performance or stability enhancement before it can go to
1587:
722:
498:
1208:"Top 200 SAM Terms – A Glossary Of Software Asset Management Terms"
771:
767:
576:
526:
346:. The process of delivering a beta version to the users is called
144:
238:
general, external availability of alpha software is uncommon for
733:
for the privilege of testing the product." In
September 2000, a
339:
210:
The alpha phase of the release life cycle is the first phase of
1481:
581:
Milestones in a product life cycle: general availability (GA),
710:
557:
29:
806:, or as a form of time-limited demo, or marketing technique.
782:), including Gmail, in July 2009. Since the introduction of
198:
development, there are several types of pre-alpha versions.
1310:"ZX-Uno [ZX Spectrum Computer Clone Based on FPGA]"
1002:(7th ed.). Oxford University Press. 2016. p. 44.
1189:"What is Golden Master (GM)? - Definition from Techopedia"
709:
Usage of the "alpha/beta" test terminology originated at
1406:(Press release). Microsoft. October 2005. Archived from
297:
Usually, feature-complete software still has to undergo
1836:
1781:
1723:
1672:
1580:
1515:
1154:
1152:
321:"Beta test" redirects here. For the 2016 film, see
290:issues. This occurs at the end of alpha testing in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1024:
1346:- The Independent Guide To IBM Personal Computers
149:An example of a basic software release life cycle
604:) is the marketing stage at which all necessary
222:. Additional validation is then performed using
798:. All pre-release builds released through the
1493:
391:on the release version, or other incentives.
8:
1119:Michelle M. Lang (2004-05-17). "Beta Wars".
942:Ince, Darrel, ed. (2013). "Alpha software".
1212:Operations Management Technology Consulting
1081:"Technology Preview Features Support Scope"
975:"The Next Generation 1996 Lexicon A to Z".
1500:
1486:
1478:
1160:"Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really)"
887:"Encyclopedia definition of alpha version"
1057:"The Next Generation 1996 Lexicon A to Z"
351:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1206:Luxembourg, Yvan Philippe (2013-05-20).
278:implemented but is not yet final due to
878:
658:protracted support as the norm include
340:the second letter of the Greek alphabet
254:. A beta test is carried out following
27:Stages in creation of computer software
1460:"The inconvenient truths behind betas"
1385:(Press release). Apple Inc. 2000-09-13
803:
306:
1383:"Apple Releases Mac OS X Public Beta"
918:"What is an alpha version of a game?"
251:
7:
1261:"Microsoft Product Lifecycle Search"
1106:Production and Operations Management
945:A Dictionary of the Internet (3 ed.)
334:Software testing § Beta testing
58:adding citations to reliable sources
405:Some software is kept in so-called
1339:"Taking A Gamble With Word Vision"
790:has called pre-release software a
664:massively multiplayer online games
274:has all of its planned or primary
214:(alpha is the first letter of the
25:
1430:"A long winding road out of beta"
1470:from the original on 2011-04-30.
1241:www.catalog.update.microsoft.com
1000:A Dictionary of Computer Science
832:Application lifecycle management
816:
425:Developers may release either a
34:
1364:from the original on 2015-03-17
1218:from the original on 2013-08-10
1170:from the original on 2011-01-21
899:from the original on 2011-04-27
45:needs additional citations for
1458:Houghton, David (2010-05-17).
837:Application-release automation
653:and two service packs for the
523:Release to manufacturing (RTM)
1:
538:with the gold master disc of
493:Some software products (e.g.
69:"Software release life cycle"
1312:. 2018-01-05. Archived from
1263:. 2012-07-20. Archived from
1141:. 1996-05-13. Archived from
1135:"Waiting with Beta'd Breath
1108:. Vol. 27, no. 11.
747:community technology preview
310:
1783:Software release life cycle
1348:. Vol. 3, no. 6.
1123:. Vol. 59, no. 7.
948:. Oxford University Press.
824:Computer programming portal
270:(FC) version of a piece of
136:software release life cycle
1923:
1851:Software protection dongle
1731:Unwanted software bundling
1428:Festa, Paul (2005-02-14).
1237:"Microsoft Update Catalog"
1023:Cusumano, Michael (1998).
985:. March 1996. p. 29.
687:Common Desktop Environment
673:
398:
331:
320:
1846:Digital rights management
1069:. March 1996. p. 30.
573:General availability (GA)
325:. For the 2021 film, see
1724:Deceptive and/or illicit
613:Release to the Web (RTW)
583:end of life announcement
1876:Software license server
1350:PC Communications Corp.
1031:. Free Press. pp.
800:Windows Insider Program
1552:Freely redistributable
842:Application retirement
725:for $ 49.95. In 1984,
594:
544:
150:
1715:Software as a service
1509:Software distribution
757:. From 2009 to 2011,
580:
530:
180:requirements analysis
169:Stages of development
148:
1806:Software maintenance
1680:Digital distribution
1535:Free and open-source
1139:#328 (May 13, 1996)"
763:was in public beta.
743:Mac OS X Public Beta
598:General availability
421:Open and closed beta
244:open source software
240:proprietary software
220:white-box techniques
188:software development
156:white-box techniques
54:improve this article
1811:Software maintainer
1593:Commercial software
1581:Compensation models
867:Software versioning
862:Software deployment
847:Release engineering
676:End-of-life product
495:Linux distributions
1871:Software copyright
1861:Product activation
1816:Software publisher
1530:Floating licensing
1434:Tech News on ZDNet
1352:pp. 211–221.
852:Release management
766:In February 2005,
618:Release to the Web
595:
545:
472:production release
372:technology preview
338:Beta, named after
256:acceptance testing
151:
1894:
1893:
1886:Torrent poisoning
1801:Long-term support
1625:Pay what you want
1042:978-0-684-85531-8
1009:978-0-19-968897-5
955:978-0-19-174415-0
804:release candidate
660:anti-virus suites
606:commercialization
504:long-term support
480:release candidate
447:release candidate
441:Release candidate
368:technical preview
344:usability testing
307:release candidate
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1914:
1907:Software release
1700:Product bundling
1673:Delivery methods
1572:Source-available
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1436:. Archived from
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1013:
996:
990:
989:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
920:. Archived from
914:
908:
907:
905:
904:
883:
826:
821:
820:
780:Google Workspace
323:Beta Test (film)
268:feature-complete
262:Feature-complete
252:feature-complete
212:software testing
140:operating system
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1881:Software patent
1856:License manager
1838:Copy protection
1832:
1777:
1719:
1705:Retail software
1668:
1642:Open-core model
1598:Retail software
1576:
1511:
1506:
1476:
1475:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1290:sourceforge.net
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1065:. No. 15.
1062:Next Generation
1055:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1010:
998:
997:
993:
981:. No. 15.
978:Next Generation
974:
973:
969:
960:
958:
956:
941:
940:
936:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
902:
900:
885:
884:
880:
875:
857:Rolling release
822:
815:
812:
707:
682:
672:
635:
615:
587:last order date
575:
525:
517:
468:
443:
423:
403:
397:
360:preview release
336:
330:
319:
264:
208:
184:software design
176:
171:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1450:
1420:
1395:
1374:
1337:(1984-04-03).
1335:Manes, Stephen
1326:
1301:
1277:
1252:
1228:
1198:
1193:Techopedia.com
1180:
1166:. 2009-07-07.
1148:
1145:on 2006-05-15.
1126:
1111:
1096:
1072:
1048:
1041:
1015:
1008:
991:
967:
954:
934:
909:
877:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
827:
811:
808:
706:
703:
671:
668:
634:
631:
614:
611:
574:
571:
541:Gears of War 4
524:
521:
516:
513:
476:stable release
467:
466:Stable release
464:
442:
439:
422:
419:
407:perpetual beta
401:Perpetual beta
399:Main article:
396:
395:Perpetual beta
393:
352:open or closed
318:
315:
309:, and finally
263:
260:
248:feature freeze
216:Greek alphabet
207:
204:
175:
172:
170:
167:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1919:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Pre-installed
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Public domain
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1440:on 2005-02-14
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1410:on 2011-04-30
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1316:on 2018-01-05
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1267:on 2012-07-20
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1195:. 2013-08-19.
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1067:Imagine Media
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
984:
983:Imagine Media
980:
979:
971:
968:
957:
951:
947:
946:
938:
935:
924:on 2022-09-23
923:
919:
913:
910:
898:
894:
893:
888:
882:
879:
872:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
819:
814:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
761:
756:
755:Windows Vista
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:boxed version
732:
728:
727:Stephen Manes
724:
719:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
694:
692:
689:and Sinclair
688:
681:
677:
669:
667:
665:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:service packs
640:
632:
630:
627:
623:
619:
612:
610:
607:
603:
599:
592:
588:
584:
579:
572:
570:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
543:
542:
537:
533:
532:Satya Nadella
529:
522:
520:
514:
512:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
463:
460:
459:code complete
456:
452:
448:
440:
438:
434:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
402:
394:
392:
389:
385:
383:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
335:
328:
327:The Beta Test
324:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
235:
233:
232:alpha release
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
194:. In typical
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
168:
166:
162:
159:
157:
147:
143:
141:
137:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1782:
1756:Trojan horse
1685:File sharing
1647:Postcardware
1635:Donationware
1610:Crowdfunding
1557:License-free
1463:
1453:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:the original
1433:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1398:
1387:. Retrieved
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1342:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1304:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1211:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1163:
1143:the original
1136:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1088:. Retrieved
1075:
1060:
1051:
1026:
1018:
999:
994:
986:
976:
970:
959:. Retrieved
944:
937:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
912:
901:. Retrieved
890:
881:
795:
794:rather than
791:
765:
758:
750:
746:
734:
730:
720:
715:verification
708:
695:
683:
670:End-of-life
649:editions of
636:
625:
621:
617:
616:
601:
597:
596:
565:
562:
546:
539:
518:
508:
502:
501:) also have
492:
483:
479:
478:is the last
475:
471:
470:Also called
469:
458:
450:
446:
444:
435:
430:
426:
424:
414:
406:
404:
388:Beta testers
387:
386:
381:early access
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
348:beta release
347:
337:
299:beta testing
296:
267:
265:
236:
231:
209:
199:
192:unit testing
177:
163:
160:
152:
135:
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1866:Product key
1796:End-of-life
1791:Abandonware
1741:Infostealer
1690:On-premises
1605:Crippleware
1562:Proprietary
1545:Open source
1344:PC Magazine
1164:Google Blog
1121:Design News
892:PC Magazine
776:Google News
699:abandonware
691:ZX Spectrum
680:Abandonware
626:Web release
591:end-of-life
589:(LOD), and
550:gold master
427:closed beta
292:development
284:performance
196:open source
1773:Shovelware
1746:Ransomware
1710:Sneakernet
1464:GamesRadar
1444:2019-04-28
1414:2011-02-22
1389:2024-01-28
1368:2015-02-15
1320:2024-05-03
1295:2024-05-03
1271:2024-05-03
1246:2024-05-03
1222:2013-05-21
1174:2011-01-12
1090:2015-03-18
961:2019-07-15
928:2022-09-23
903:2011-01-12
873:References
674:See also:
651:Windows XP
488:production
332:See also:
303:bug fixing
110:April 2023
80:newspapers
1821:Vaporware
1768:Scareware
1664:Trialware
1652:Shareware
1358:0745-2500
788:Microsoft
784:Windows 8
760:Minecraft
554:mastering
536:Microsoft
431:open beta
364:prototype
288:stability
224:black-box
200:Milestone
174:Pre-alpha
1901:Category
1630:Careware
1620:Freeware
1615:Freemium
1525:Beerware
1517:Licenses
1468:Archived
1362:Archived
1216:Archived
1168:Archived
897:Archived
810:See also
585:(EOLA),
429:, or an
411:Internet
313:status.
276:features
272:software
242:, while
228:gray-box
18:Betaware
1751:Spyware
1736:Malware
1657:Nagware
1137:TidBITS
1085:Red Hat
1033:202–203
792:preview
753:s) for
705:History
639:patches
633:Support
515:Release
356:preview
94:scholar
1588:Adware
1356:
1039:
1006:
952:
723:IBM PC
655:64-bit
647:32-bit
499:Debian
474:, the
378:), or
190:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
772:Gmail
768:ZDNet
739:Apple
624:) or
593:(EOL)
497:like
206:Alpha
101:JSTOR
87:books
1826:list
1761:Worm
1540:Free
1354:ISSN
1037:ISBN
1004:ISBN
950:ISBN
796:beta
774:and
678:and
662:and
455:bugs
415:beta
317:Beta
311:gold
301:and
280:bugs
134:The
73:news
751:CTP
749:s (
741:'s
737:of
731:pay
711:IBM
641:or
622:RTW
566:not
558:iOS
534:of
509:LTS
370:or
286:or
226:or
56:by
1903::
1466:.
1462:.
1432:.
1360:.
1341:.
1288:.
1239:.
1214:.
1210:.
1191:.
1162:.
1151:^
1083:.
1059:.
1035:.
895:.
889:.
786:,
701:.
693:.
602:GA
490:.
484:RC
451:RC
445:A
417:.
384:.
376:TP
366:,
362:,
358:,
294:.
282:,
266:A
234:.
186:,
182:,
1501:e
1494:t
1487:v
1447:.
1417:.
1392:.
1371:.
1323:.
1298:.
1274:.
1249:.
1225:.
1177:.
1093:.
1045:.
1012:.
964:.
931:.
906:.
620:(
600:(
548:"
507:(
482:(
449:(
374:(
329:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
