757:"Free spirits", by contrast to the philosophers of the past, are "investigators to the point of cruelty, with rash fingers for the ungraspable, with teeth and stomach for the most indigestible" (§ 44). Nietzsche warns against those who would suffer for the sake of truth and exhorts his readers to shun these indignant sufferers for truth and lend their ears instead to "cynics"—those who "speak 'badly' of man—but do not speak ill of him" (§ 26).
532:, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of lacking critical sense and blindly accepting dogmatic premises in their consideration of morality. Specifically, he accuses them of founding grand metaphysical systems upon the faith that the good man is the opposite of the evil man, rather than just a different expression of the same basic impulses that find more direct expression in the evil man. The work moves into the realm "beyond
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Nietzsche describes this as a more complete possession. A still more refined desire to possess her prompts a concern that she might be willing to sacrifice what she desires for a mistaken image of her lover. This leads some lovers to want their women to know them deep down so that their sacrifice really is a sacrifice for
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He casts doubt on the project of past philosophy by asking why we should want the "truth" rather than recognizing untruth "as a condition of life." He offers an entirely psychological explanation of every past philosophy: each has been an "involuntary and unconscious memoir" on the part of its author
525:, the title refers to the need for moral philosophy to go beyond simplistic black and white moralizing, as contained in statements such as "X is good" or "X is evil". At the beginning of the book (§ 2), Nietzsche attacks the very idea of using strictly opposite terms such as "Good versus Evil".
903:, the less refined not caring whether they attain power by fraud, the more refined not taking pleasure in the people's love unless they love the statesman for who he really is. In both cases, the more spiritualized form of the desire to possess also demands one possess what is good more completely.
856:" (§ 47), and has exerted cruelty through demanding sacrifice according to a "ladder" with different rungs of cruelty, which has ultimately caused God himself to be sacrificed (§ 55). Christianity, "the most fatal kind of self-presumption ever", has beaten everything joyful, assertive and
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In the "pre-moral" period of mankind, actions were judged by their consequences. Over the past 10,000 years, however, a morality has developed where actions are judged by their origins (their motivations) not their consequences. This morality of intentions is, according to
Nietzsche, a "prejudice"
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precept of "living according to nature" (§ 9) as showing how philosophy "creates the world in its own image" by trying to regiment nature "according to the Stoa." But nature, as something uncontrollable and "prodigal beyond measure," cannot be tyrannized over in the way Stoics tyrannize over
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of the world in which we believe we live is the surest and firmest thing we can get our eyes on." Philosophers are wrong to rail violently against the risk of being deceived. "It is no more than a moral prejudice that truth is worth more than appearance." Life is nothing without appearances; it
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as the desire to possess a woman. The most unrefined form of the desire is also the most readily identifiable as a desire to possess another: control over the woman's body. A subtler desire to possess her also wants her soul, and thus wants her to be willing to sacrifice herself for her lover.
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style of his middle period. In it he exposes the deficiencies of those usually called "philosophers" and identifies the qualities of the "new philosophers": imagination, self-assertion, danger, originality, and the "creation of values". He then contests some of the key
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There are kinds of fearless scholars who are truly independent of prejudice (§ 6), but these "philosophical labourers and men of science in general" should not be confused with philosophers, who are "commanders and law-givers" (§ 211).
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observes; Nietzsche suggests that the same phenomena could equally be interpreted as demonstrating "the tyrannically ruthless and inexorable enforcement of power-demands" (§ 22). Nietzsche appears to espouse a strong brand of scientific
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Nietzsche argues that more than what they value as "good" distinguishes noble and base. Even where agreement exists over what is good, what men consider a sufficient sign of possessing what is good differs (§ 194). Nietzsche describes
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approach. It was first published in 1886 under the publishing house C. G. Naumann of
Leipzig at the author's own expense and first translated into English by Helen Zimmern, who was two years younger than Nietzsche and knew the author.
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as representing a "debasement and devaluation of the concept 'philosopher' for more than a century" (§ 252). Nietzsche also touches on problems of translation and the leaden quality of the German language (§ 28).
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The work consists of a short preface dated to 1885, 296 numbered sections, and an "epode" (or "aftersong") entitled "From High
Mountains". Not counting the preface or epode, the main sections are organized into nine parts:
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appears to
Nietzsche that it follows from this that the abolition of appearances would imply the abolition of "truth" as well. Nietzsche asks the question, "what compels us to assume there exists any essential
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is mistaken in thinking that the nature of the will is self-evident (§ 19), which is, in fact, a highly complex instrument of control over those who must obey, not transparent to those who command.
536:" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the
966:. Twelve of these (§§ 84, 85, 86, 114, 115, 127, 131, 139, 144, 145, 147, 148) concern women or the distinction between men and women. Other subjects touched on include his doctrine of the
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In a prophetic statement, Nietzsche proclaims that "The time for petty politics is past: the very next century will bring with it the struggle for mastery over the whole earth" (§ 208).
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masks his "personal timidity and vulnerability" by hiding behind his geometrical method (§ 5), and inconsistently makes self-preservation a fundamental
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of life, a principle of dissolution and decay." He goes on to argue that life is "essentially appropriation, injury, conquest of the strange and weak."
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In several places of the book, Nietzsche drops hints, and even explicit statements as to what the philosophies of the future must deal with.
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In the opening two parts of the book, Nietzsche discusses, in turn, the philosophers of the past, whom he accuses of a blind
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presupposes that there is an I, that there is such an activity as thinking, and that I know what thinking is (§ 16).
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Nietzsche criticizes "unegoistic morality" and demands that "Moralities must first of all be forced to bow before
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coarse, gloomy, more brutal than the
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beliefs, portraying even domination, appropriation and injury to the weak as not universally objectionable.
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is described in terms of a "sleepy faculty" – according to
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The work concludes with a short ode to friendship in verse form (continuing
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grounding of which is a mere smokescreen (§ 5). His "faculty" to explain the possibility of
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1225:"Beyond Good and Evil: Nietzsche on Love, Perseverance, and the True Mark of Greatness"
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1150:. Translated by Kaufmann, Walter. New York: Modern Library. 1992. pp. 182–185.
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themselves. Further, there are forceful attacks on several individual philosophers.
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This article is about the book by
Friedrich Nietzsche. For other uses, see
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1112:, Bd. 5/1). XVII + 939 pages. Berlin / Boston: Walter de Gruyter 2016,
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1269:"On the Significance of Genealogy in Nietzsche's Critique of Morality"
1175:. Translated by Zimmern, Helen. New York: Courier Dover Publications.
864:, we really want to tackle the problems of morality, we must "compare
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Historischer und kritischer
Kommentar zu Friedrich Nietzsches Werken
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have much less "talent for religion" (§ 48) and lack "southern
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1067:, translated by Marion Faber, Oxford: Oxford World's Classics, 1998
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1054:, 1906, reprinted in Courier Dover Publications, New York, 1997,
643:; and the "free spirits", like himself, who are to replace them.
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Jenseits von Gut und Böse: Vorspiel einer
Philosophie der Zukunft
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Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft
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and "something provisional that must be overcome" (§ 32).
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An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
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Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future
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of morals" (§ 186). In a discussion that anticipates
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feature prominently as Nietzsche re-evaluates deeply held
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plagued by moral prejudice masquerading as a search for
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A searchable, self-referential edition with concordance
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1091:, 2014 (following the Colli/Montinari German edition)
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and the perilous condition of the modern individual.
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Beyond Good and Evil / On the Genealogy of Morality
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Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Zur Genealogie der Moral
837:" (§ 50). As elsewhere, Nietzsche praises the
701:" (§ 210), reverts to the prejudice of an old
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166:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
546:The book is well-known for the often-quoted line:
1106:Kommentar zu Nietzsches Jenseits von Gut und Böse
557:Of the four "late-period" writings of Nietzsche,
1197:"Beyond Good and Evil, by Friedrich Nietzsche"
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8:
2316:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
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922:and heavily criticizes the trend of German
723:is pejoratively compared to a passage from
631:On philosophers, free spirits, and scholars
602:Part One: On the Prejudices of Philosophers
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2618:Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks
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1120:(the comprehensive standard commentary on
749:statements which do not explain anything.
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346:Learn how and when to remove this message
328:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:Part Five: The Natural History of Morals
2348:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
1240:"Nietzsche: On the Genealogy of Morals"
1211:"Beyond Good and Evil Nietzsche Quotes"
1134:
507:that covers ideas in his previous work
264:Please improve this article by adding
2623:On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense
899:. A similar rank-ordering applies to
611:Part Four: Apophthegms and Interludes
21:Beyond Good and Evil (disambiguation)
7:
2900:Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche (sister)
2841:Influence and reception of Nietzsche
1142:
1140:
1138:
1015:; reprinted by Vintage Books, 1989,
164:adding citations to reliable sources
2364:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1027:, New York: Modern Library, 1992,
14:
2951:Books with atheism-related themes
1238:Wallace, Meg (21 February 2012).
623:Part Eight: Peoples and Countries
48:This article has multiple issues.
2862:The Journal of Nietzsche Studies
2545:
2544:
1332:
1007:, New York: Random House, 1966,
914:On nations, peoples and cultures
370:Title page of the first edition.
242:
140:
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37:
16:1886 book by Friedrich Nietzsche
151:needs additional citations for
56:or discuss these issues on the
2946:Books critical of Christianity
2868:Library of Friedrich Nietzsche
2332:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
1702:Value monism – Value pluralism
1171:Nietzsche, Friedrich (1997) .
817:Nietzsche contrasts southern (
608:Part Three: The Religious Mood
1:
2888:Relationship with Max Stirner
807:" begins by recognizing "the
659:between 'true' and 'false'?"
266:secondary or tertiary sources
2941:Books by Friedrich Nietzsche
2668:On the Genealogy of Morality
2396:On the Genealogy of Morality
2356:Critique of Practical Reason
1124:– only available in German).
875:On the Genealogy of Morality
777:when he asserts that "It is
462:On the Genealogy of Morality
1342:public domain audiobook at
1148:Basic Writings of Nietzsche
1025:Basic Writings of Nietzsche
868:moralities" and "prepare a
580:master and slave moralities
561:most closely resembles the
104:the claims made and adding
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2883:Nietzsche-Haus, Sils Maria
2851:Nietzsche's views on women
2324:A Treatise of Human Nature
1075:Cambridge University Press
781:alone who have fabricated
662:Nietzsche singles out the
28:Beyond Freedom and Dignity
25:
18:
2540:
1089:Stanford University Press
626:Part Nine: What is Noble?
605:Part Two: The Free Spirit
363:
2878:Nietzsche-Haus, Naumburg
2800:Transvaluation of values
2740:Apollonian and Dionysian
1675:Universal prescriptivism
789:On morality and religion
764:Nietzsche also subjects
521:According to translator
26:Not to be confused with
2915:Zarathustra's roundelay
2856:Nietzsche and free will
2846:Anarchism and Nietzsche
2703:The Will to Power
2698:Nietzsche contra Wagner
1464:Artificial intelligence
1271:, by Carsten Korfmacher
803:" (§ 221). Every "
620:Part Seven: Our Virtues
2936:1886 non-fiction books
2760:Genealogy (philosophy)
2658:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
2613:On the Pathos of Truth
982:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
841:while disparaging the
707:categorical imperative
510:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
497:
449:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
390:
277:"Beyond Good and Evil"
253:relies excessively on
175:"Beyond Good and Evil"
2836:Works about Nietzsche
2785:Master–slave morality
2775:Immaculate perception
2745:The Four Great Errors
2678:Twilight of the Idols
2388:The Methods of Ethics
1626:Divine command theory
1621:Ideal observer theory
617:Part Six: We Scholars
593:Structure of the work
553:Background and themes
359:Beyond Good and Evil
2961:Existentialist books
2693:Dionysian Dithyrambs
2663:Beyond Good and Evil
2638:Human, All Too Human
2628:Untimely Meditations
2608:The Birth of Tragedy
2505:Political philosophy
1339:Beyond Good and Evil
1317:Beyond Good and Evil
1297:Beyond Good and Evil
1283:Beyond Good and Evil
1173:Beyond Good and Evil
1122:Beyond Good and Evil
1071:Beyond Good and Evil
1065:Beyond Good and Evil
1048:Beyond Good and Evil
1038:Beyond Good and Evil
1001:Beyond Good and Evil
954:Aphorisms and poetry
730:Le Malade imaginaire
559:Beyond Good and Evil
530:Beyond Good and Evil
475:Beyond Good and Evil
160:improve this article
2905:Nietzschean Zionism
2648:Idylls from Messina
2633:Hymnus an das Leben
2592:Friedrich Nietzsche
2475:Evolutionary ethics
2436:Reasons and Persons
2412:A Theory of Justice
1566:Uncertain sentience
1246:on 21 February 2012
541:nature of knowledge
505:Friedrich Nietzsche
386:Original title
380:Friedrich Nietzsche
360:
2755:Faith in the Earth
2673:The Case of Wagner
2470:Ethics in religion
2465:Descriptive ethics
2300:Nicomachean Ethics
1227:. 4 November 2020.
1102:Andreas Urs Sommer
968:eternal recurrence
962:aphorists such as
831:northern Europeans
89:possibly contains
2923:
2922:
2873:Nietzsche Archive
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2557:
2525:Social philosophy
2510:Population ethics
2500:Philosophy of law
2480:History of ethics
1963:Political freedom
1640:Euthyphro dilemma
1431:Suffering-focused
1322:Project Gutenberg
1302:Project Gutenberg
1118:978-3-11-029307-4
1042:R. J. Hollingdale
1023:, and as part of
1021:978-0-679-72465-0
854:sexual abstinence
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1978:Self-discipline
1938:Moral hierarchy
1886:Problem of evil
1831:Double standard
1821:Culture of life
1779:
1708:
1655:Non-cognitivism
1570:
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1327:German-language
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1263:Further reading
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1085:Adrian Del Caro
1005:Walter Kaufmann
991:
976:The Gay Science
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770:natural science
641:objective truth
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595:
568:presuppositions
555:
500:) is a book by
436:Media type
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2750:Eternal return
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2683:The Antichrist
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2790:Perspectivism
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1494:Environmental
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1416:Particularism
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1057:
1053:
1052:Helen Zimmern
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1033:0-679-60000-0
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845:(§ 52).
844:
843:New Testament
840:
839:Old Testament
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
811:
806:
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800:order of rank
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733:in which the
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693:, "the great
692:
689:(§ 13).
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652:erroneousness
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534:good and evil
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318:December 2007
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279: –
278:
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273:Find sources:
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261:
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256:
251:This article
249:
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219:
216:November 2015
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187:
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177: –
176:
172:
171:Find sources:
165:
161:
155:
154:
149:This article
147:
143:
138:
137:
128:
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117:
114:November 2015
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103:
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87:This article
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49:
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35:
34:
29:
22:
2956:Ethics books
2892:
2860:
2820:World riddle
2795:Ressentiment
2732:
2718:Concepts and
2706:(posthumous)
2662:
2529:
2485:Human rights
2428:After Virtue
2154:Schopenhauer
1928:Moral agency
1801:Common sense
1697:Universalism
1665:Expressivism
1645:Intuitionism
1616:Subjectivism
1561:Terraforming
1536:Professional
1338:
1315:
1295:
1281:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
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949:
924:antisemitism
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880:ressentiment
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873:
869:
865:
862:Schopenhauer
847:
834:
827:Christianity
816:
808:
805:high culture
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775:anti-realism
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751:Schopenhauer
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538:perspectival
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464:(1887)
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158:Please help
153:verification
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51:
50:Please help
47:
2765:God is dead
2728:Affirmation
2303:(c. 322 BC)
2169:Kierkegaard
1988:Stewardship
1765:Rousseauian
1682:Rationalism
1594:Cognitivism
1541:Programming
1516:Meat eating
1489:Engineering
835:delicatezza
812:of distance
737:quality of
711:dialectical
502:philosopher
414:metaphysics
2930:Categories
2810:Übermensch
2805:Tschandala
2720:philosophy
2199:Bonhoeffer
1908:Immorality
1851:Eudaimonia
1811:Conscience
1806:Compassion
1692:Skepticism
1687:Relativism
1604:Naturalism
1584:Absolutism
1556:Technology
1406:Deontology
1096:Commentary
858:autocratic
823:Protestant
727:'s comedy
721:judgements
699:Königsberg
657:antithesis
584:humanistic
563:aphoristic
480:Wikisource
288:newspapers
255:references
186:newspapers
98:improve it
53:improve it
2734:Amor fati
2688:Ecce Homo
2460:Casuistry
2372:Either/Or
2279:Korsgaard
2274:Azurmendi
2239:MacIntyre
2179:Nietzsche
2109:Augustine
2104:Confucius
2084:Aristotle
2060:Ethicists
2018:Intrinsic
1983:Suffering
1893:Happiness
1866:Free will
1846:Etiquette
1791:Authority
1735:Epicurean
1730:Confucian
1725:Christian
1660:Emotivism
1484:Discourse
1421:Pragmatic
1393:Normative
1250:24 August
901:statesmen
884:Genealogy
715:synthetic
705:with his
687:teleology
669:Descartes
637:dogmatism
572:free will
515:polemical
420:Published
102:verifying
59:talk page
2780:Last man
2770:Holy Lie
2550:Category
2490:Ideology
2455:Axiology
2284:Nussbaum
2234:Frankena
2229:Anscombe
2219:Williams
2174:Sidgwick
2094:Valluvar
2089:Diogenes
2074:Socrates
1998:Theodicy
1993:Sympathy
1958:Pacifism
1948:Morality
1861:Fidelity
1841:Equality
1796:Autonomy
1784:Concepts
1745:Feminist
1720:Buddhist
1650:Nihilism
1589:Axiology
1546:Research
1479:Computer
1474:Business
1344:LibriVox
989:Editions
870:typology
819:Catholic
743:a priori
735:narcotic
719:a priori
703:moralist
695:Chinaman
410:Morality
398:Language
2829:Related
2448:Related
2194:Tillich
2159:Bentham
2134:Spinoza
2129:Aquinas
2114:Mencius
2028:Western
2003:Torture
1968:Precept
1923:Loyalty
1918:Liberty
1913:Justice
1826:Dignity
1816:Consent
1760:Kantian
1750:Islamic
1713:Schools
1599:Realism
1531:Nursing
1526:Medical
1511:Machine
1451:Applied
1329:edition
1309:edition
928:English
850:fasting
766:physics
725:Molière
679:Spinoza
431:Germany
406:Subject
302:scholar
200:scholar
96:Please
2439:(1984)
2431:(1981)
2423:(1979)
2415:(1971)
2407:(1903)
2399:(1887)
2391:(1874)
2383:(1861)
2375:(1843)
2367:(1820)
2359:(1788)
2351:(1785)
2343:(1780)
2335:(1759)
2327:(1740)
2319:(1726)
2311:(1677)
2269:Taylor
2254:Parfit
2249:Singer
2224:Mackie
2099:Cicero
2040:Virtue
1973:Rights
1898:Honour
1755:Jewish
1551:Sexual
1459:Animal
1441:Virtue
1385:Ethics
1179:
1154:
1116:
1077:, 2002
1058:
1031:
1019:
1011:
960:French
936:Hobbes
908:denial
886:, I).
810:pathos
783:causes
709:, the
674:cogito
494:German
401:German
376:Author
304:
297:
290:
283:
275:
202:
195:
188:
181:
173:
2600:Works
2531:Index
2293:Works
2264:Adams
2259:Nagel
2214:Dewey
2209:Rawls
2189:Barth
2184:Moore
2149:Hegel
2124:Xunzi
2079:Plato
2069:Laozi
2050:Wrong
2023:Japan
2013:Value
2008:Trust
1903:Ideal
1770:Stoic
1521:Media
1506:Legal
1129:Notes
944:Locke
932:Bacon
739:opium
683:drive
664:Stoic
439:Print
309:JSTOR
295:books
207:JSTOR
193:books
2244:Hare
2204:Foot
2164:Mill
2144:Kant
2139:Hume
2119:Mozi
2035:Vice
1953:Norm
1881:Evil
1876:Good
1836:Duty
1576:Meta
1499:Land
1426:Role
1411:Care
1252:2022
1177:ISBN
1152:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1017:ISBN
1009:ISBN
979:and
942:and
940:Hume
920:Jews
897:them
892:love
866:many
852:and
691:Kant
470:Text
423:1886
281:news
179:news
2045:Vow
1775:Tao
1469:Bio
1320:at
1300:at
1286:at
985:).
697:of
528:In
478:at
257:to
162:by
100:by
2932::
1325:—
1305:—
1137:^
1104::
938:,
934:,
829:;
825:)
779:we
671:'
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2570:v
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